CN103733855A - High-yield Shanhua-15 peanut precise-cultivation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield Shanhua-15 peanut precise-cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps such as field selection, soil preparation, fertilization, seed treatment and sowing and specifically comprises, on the basis of sufficient soil preparation and base fertilizer application, ditching three fertilizing furrows on every ridges during ridging, which include one in the middle and the other two on both sides, and the depth of the furrows is 10-15 cm; applying biological organic insect-prevention fertilizer inside the furrows, performing full irrigation and then soil covering on the furrows, and sowing 2 seeds for each hole between every two fertilizing furrows with a spacing of 15-17 cm; performing film mulching after the sowing. The high-yield Shanhua-15 peanut precise-cultivation method has the advantages of improving the ground temperature inside the sowing ridges, enhancing the fertility of soil and increasing the organic matter content in the soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Cultivation of High Yield Peanuts technology, relate in particular to the meticulous cultivation method of high yield of No. 15 new varieties of mountain flower.
Background technology
Peanut has another name called " peanut ", is legume, is one of main oil variety of high-quality edible oil.Peanut is annual herb plant, and all there is plantation all parts of the country now, is mainly distributed in Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan etc. and economizes (district), and wherein maximum with Shandong Province's cultivated area, output is maximum.In recent years, along with popularizing of agricultural cience and farming techniques, the appearance of new peanut variety, the continuous progress of peanut cultivation technology, peanut yield improves constantly, and the economic benefit of plantation peanut is become better and better.But along with the expansion of area under cultivation, the extensive phenomenon of cultivation management is more and more general, after particularly new varieties occur, the cultivation method matching with new varieties does not catch up with, and can not accomplish that breeding good method is supporting, is seriously restricting the performance of new varieties yield potential.No. 15 new peanut varieties of mountain flower are that Shandong Agricultural University's seed selection is successful, belong to osculant major peanut, pod plain edition, and reticulate pattern is clear, shallow in fruit waist, and seed benevolence oblong is planted skin pink, and secundine orange colour, blooms continuously.Regional test result, sows in spring 126 days breeding times, and stem is high 38.2 centimetres, long 41.9 centimetres of side shoot, 9 of total branches, 13 of per plant, 22.5 grams of individual plant productivity, all kinds of fruits weigh 284.6 grams, and hundred benevolence weigh 109.0 grams, several 474 of kilogram fruit, milled rice rate 70.4%, experimental study goes out the high-yield culture technique matching with No. 15 Growth Characters of mountain flower, realizes breeding good method supporting, the yield potential of having given play to new varieties maximum, tool is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The meticulous cultivation method of high yield that the object of this invention is to provide the peanut that No. 15 new peanut varieties of a kind of mountain flower match.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions, the meticulous cultivation method of high yield of No. 15 peanuts of mountain flower comprises the following steps:
1. selection of land peanut high yield and quality cultivation requires good soil condition.Husky earth, loose, weeds are few, pH value 6-7, soil structure and permeability are good, rain and can speed arrange not ponding, and arid can speed fill with permeable fast; Topsoil is deep, reaches about 30-40cm, and soil fertility is high, and the content of organic matter is advisable with 0.8-1%, is applicable to and the crop rotation such as wheat, corn.
2. wholely with fertilising peanut seeding before, to peanut to plough, general tilling depth 25-30cm.To use sufficient base fertilizer in conjunction with ploughing, general organic fertilizer 2000-4000kg/ mu, superphosphate 30-40kg/ mu, ammonium sulfate 8-15kg/ mu or urea 7-10kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 15-25kg/ mu.
3. seed treatment
1. shine fruit and peel off.Broadcast front solarization fruit and can improve field emergence rate.Before peeling off, choosing in 6 days is shone 2 days, shines the suitable thin stand 7-10cm of fruit thick, and stir 1-2 every day.After solarization, be placed on aeration-drying place, prevent from absorbing water and get damp.Peanut kind can only be shone pod, the benevolence of can not basking seeds.Before the sowing of shelling time interval, 1-3d shelling is best.
2. seed grading.Press seed size and full degree, the 3 grades of rice (broken kernel, blighted grain, granule) that are divided into 1 grade of rice (large grain), 2 grades of rice and should not do kind, and strictly reject content of molds large go mouldy, rotten grain, 1,2 grade of kind is sowed separately.
3. the micro-solution seed soaking of Chinese medicine: by the micro-fertile seed-soaking liquid seed soaking of Chinese medicine for peanut seed, the preparation method of the micro-fertile seed-soaking liquid of described Chinese medicine is: take wild pepper seed 40-60 part, honeysuckle 100-120 part, cordate houttuynia 120-140 part, kuh-seng 100-150 and cassia bark 50-70 part, add decocting to boil, collect filtrate, the remaining dregs of a decoction add water secondary again and decoct, collect filtrate, the filtrate of twice collection is merged, add again borax, molybdenum, zinc microelement, stir, obtain the micro-fertile seed-soaking liquid of Chinese medicine, peanut seed is put into the micro-fertile seed-soaking liquid of the Chinese medicine 15-20 hour that soaks seed.
4., after having soaked seed and pulling out, in the situation that peanut seed epidermis does not have bone dry, then with nitragin, dress seed.
4. sowing
1. ridging, on abundant whole ground, uses sufficient on the basis of base manure, carries out meticulous ridging.The high 13-15cm in ridge, ridge face width 60-70cm, the wide 30cm of furrow, plants 2 row peanuts on ridge.
While 2. using biological organic insect protected fertilizer ridging, on each ridge, open three row application ditches, middle one, each of both sides, ditch depth 10-15cm, in ditch, use biological organic insect protected fertilizer, the organic insect protected fertilizer of described biology is made by the raw material of following weight portion: crop stalk powder 80-100 part, straw decomposing agent 1-2 part, Lightyellow Sophora Root 15-25 part, after above-mentioned three kinds of raw materials are mixed, apply in ditch, fill with earthing after sufficient water, then between two row application ditches, sow, cave is apart from 15-17cm, 2 seeds of every cave kind; Epiphragma is after planting pressed some soil every 5-6m after building film on film, prevents that mulch film is blown up.In dressing furrow, apply biological organic insect protected fertilizer, have the following advantages: the one, improve the ground temperature in sowing ridge, crop stalk powder is under the effect of straw decomposing agent, Rapid Fermentation decomposes, fermentation produces a large amount of heats while decomposing, can improve the ground temperature under mulch film, be conducive to the germination and emergence of peanut seed; The 2nd, improved the fertility of soil, straw decomposing agent has very strong fermentation and capacity of decomposition, can decompose rapidly crop stalk powder and Lightyellow Sophora Root, makes its carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur etc. decompose mineralising, form simple organic, thereby be further decomposed into the absorbable nutrient component of crop; The 3rd, improve the content of organic matter in soil, improve soil physical chemistry situation, remove soil compaction, balance soil acidity or alkalinity, strengthens the resistance against diseases of crop, promotes the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, stimulates crop Fast Growth; The 4th, Lightyellow Sophora Root is decomposed after fermentation, forms a large amount of matrines, and matrine is Study of Natural Plant Pesticides, to people and animals' low toxicity, be broad spectrum pesticide, have and tag and stomach poison function that soil insect grub, mole cricket, the root-knot nematode of peanut are had to obvious control efficiency.The 5th, three row application ditches on ridge are the position of pin result under peanut just, loose soil, and abundant organic matter, without soil insect, for pin result under peanut provides good environment.
Straw decomposing agent is produced from Beijing Zheng Nong agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd.
Nitragin is produced from Hebei beneficial microorganism technology Co., Ltd.
5. field management
1. broadcast latter 7～10 days, when peanut seedling pushes up native eardrum, select fine day rupture of membranes in the morning to put seedling, at 3～4 centimetres of mounds of fenestra upper cover.Since 4 leaf phases, the branches and leaves that checked and plucked out under film every 7～10 days, carry out 2～3 times altogether.
2. before and after full-bloom stage, meet drought and water in time, meet autumn drought and gently water in time full fruit water, meet waterlogging draining in time.3. when plant height reaches 40 centimetres, every mu adds 50～75 kilograms of atomization controls of water with 50～75 grams of paclobutrazols, after rainy 7～10 days times, can spray 1 time again, and dry year reduces dosage.
4. the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of fruiting period foliage-spray 1%～2% or urea liquid, sprayed 1 time every 7～10 days again, extends peanut top functional period.
Field trial data
1, test method
Small plot experiment accomplishes that experimental group is consistent with the soil texture, the basic fertility level of control group as far as possible.If 4 processing repeat for 3 times: experimental group: the micro-solution of the Chinese medicine biological organic insect protected fertilizer of soaking seed+use; Control group: during Seed soaking+ridging, mu is executed micro-fertile 20kg.Small plot experiment randomized arrangement, community area 20m
2.In peanut growth phase and harvest time, carry out upgrowth situation investigation, get 30 cave sample species tests before results, comparative trial place is nematodosis district occurred frequently, separately gets 10 cave samples carry out the investigation of peanut nematodosis disease index in harvest time.
2, on the impact of growing
The plant performance dark green leaf color of experimental group, to promoting that Development of Peanut has positive effect.Particularly two grain fruits of experimental group are apparently higher than control group, and not plump fruit number is starkly lower than control group.
Table 1 upgrowth situation harvest time is adjusted house contrast
3, the control efficiency to nematodosis
As seen from Table 2, peanut nematode district occurred frequently, San Ge small towns, Wo county result of the test shows, experimental group has significant control efficiency to peanut nematodosis.Experimental group disease index is 37.50～50.95, average out to 44.23, and control group disease index is 64.90～75.00, average out to 69.95.Detailed results is in Table 2.
The control efficiency investigation of table 2 peanut nematodosis
4, yield result
Small plot experiment yield result is in Table 3, and experimental group is than control group volume increase 20.34%, effect of increasing production highly significant.
the comparison of No. 15 small plot experiment yield result of table 3 mountain flower
Embodiment
The meticulous cultivation method of high yield of No. 15 peanuts of mountain flower comprises the following steps:
Selection of land is selected husky earth, and loose, weeds are few, pH value 6-7, and soil structure and permeability are good, rain and can speed arrange not ponding, and arid can speed fill with permeable fast; Topsoil is deep, reaches about 30-40cm, and soil fertility is high, and the content of organic matter 1% does not have the plot of continuous cropping.
Wholely with ferti-seeding before, plough general tilling depth 25-30cm.To use sufficient base fertilizer in conjunction with ploughing, organic fertilizer 3000kg/ mu, superphosphate 35kg/ mu, ammonium sulfate 10kg/ mu or urea 9kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 20kg/ mu.
Seed treatment choosing in 6 days before peeling off is shone 2 days, shines the suitable thin stand 7-10cm of fruit thick, and stir 1-2 every day.After solarization, be placed on aeration-drying place, prevent from absorbing water and get damp.Before the sowing of shelling time interval, shelling in 1-3 days is best.Press seed size and full degree, the 3 grades of rice (broken kernel, blighted grain, granule) that are divided into 1 grade of rice (large grain), 2 grades of rice and should not do kind, and strictly reject content of molds large go mouldy, rotten grain, 1,2 grade of kind is sowed separately.The micro-solution seed soaking of Chinese medicine: by the micro-fertile seed-soaking liquid seed soaking of Chinese medicine for peanut seed, get the micro-fertile seed-soaking liquid 10kg of Chinese medicine, peanut seed is put into the micro-fertile seed-soaking liquid of Chinese medicine and soak seed 17 hours.After having soaked seed and pulling out, in the situation that peanut seed epidermis does not have bone dry, then use
nitragin seed dressing.
Sowing ridging: on abundant whole ground, use sufficient on the basis of base manure, carry out meticulous ridging.The high 13-15cm in ridge, ridge face width 60-70cm, the wide 30cm of furrow, plants 2 row peanuts on ridge.Use biological organic insect protected fertilizer: during ridging, on each ridge, open three row application ditches, middle one, each of both sides, ditch depth 10-15cm, in ditch, use biological organic insect protected fertilizer 1000kg, apply in ditch, fill with earthing after sufficient water, then between two row application ditches, sow, cave is apart from 16cm, 2 seeds of every cave kind; Epiphragma is after planting pressed some soil every 5-6m after building film on film, prevents that mulch film is blown up.
Field management is broadcast latter 7～10 days, selects fine day rupture of membranes in the morning to put seedling, at 3～4 centimetres of mounds of fenestra upper cover when peanut seedling pushes up native eardrum.Since 4 leaf phases, the branches and leaves that checked and plucked out under film every 7～10 days, carry out 2～3 times altogether.Before and after full-bloom stage, meet drought and water in time, meet autumn drought and gently water in time full fruit water, meet waterlogging draining in time.When plant height reaches 40 centimetres, every mu adds 50～75 kilograms of atomization controls of water with 50～75 grams of paclobutrazols, after rainy 7～10 days times, can spray 1 time again, and dry year reduces dosage.The potassium dihydrogen phosphate of fruiting period foliage-spray 1%～2% or urea liquid, sprayed 1 time every 7～10 days again, extends peanut top functional period.
Claims (3)
1. the meticulous cultivation method of high yield of No. 15 peanuts of mountain flower, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land peanut high yield and quality cultivation requires good soil condition, husky earth, and loose, weeds are few, pH value 6-7, soil structure and permeability are good, rain and can speed arrange not ponding, and arid can speed fill with permeable fast; Topsoil is deep, reaches about 30-40cm, and soil fertility is high, and the content of organic matter is advisable with 0.8-1%, is applicable to and the crop rotation such as wheat, corn;
(2) wholely with fertilising peanut seeding before, to peanut to plough, general tilling depth 25-30cm.To use sufficient base fertilizer in conjunction with ploughing, general organic fertilizer 2000-4000kg/ mu, superphosphate 30-40kg/ mu, ammonium sulfate 8-15kg/ mu or urea 7-10kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 15-25kg/ mu;
(3) 1. seed treatment is shone fruit and is peeled off.Broadcast front solarization fruit and can improve field emergence rate.Before peeling off, choosing in 6 days is shone 2 days, shines the suitable thin stand 7-10cm of fruit thick, and stir 1-2 every day; After solarization, be placed on aeration-drying place, prevent from absorbing water and get damp, before the sowing of shelling time interval, 1-3d shelling is best; 2. seed grading, by seed size and full degree, the 3 grades of rice (broken kernel, blighted grain, granule) that are divided into 1 grade of rice (large grain), 2 grades of rice and should not do kind, and strictly reject content of molds large go mouldy, rotten grain, 1,2 grade of kind is sowed separately; 3. the micro-solution of Chinese medicine seed soaking, puts into the micro-fertile seed-soaking liquid of the Chinese medicine 15-20 hour that soaks seed by peanut seed; 4., after having soaked seed and pulling out, in the situation that peanut seed epidermis does not have bone dry, then with nitragin, dress seed;
(4) sow 1. ridging: on abundant whole ground, use sufficient on the basis of base manure, carry out meticulous ridging, the high 13-15cm in ridge, ridge face width 60-70cm, the wide 30cm of furrow, plants 2 row peanuts on ridge; While 2. using biological organic insect protected fertilizer ridging, on each ridge, open three row application ditches, middle one, each of both sides, ditch depth 10-15cm, uses biological organic insect protected fertilizer in ditch, fill with earthing after sufficient water, then between two row application ditches, sow, cave is apart from 15-17cm, 2 seeds of every cave kind; Epiphragma is after planting pressed some soil every 5-6m after building film on film, prevents that mulch film is blown up;
(5) 1. field management broadcasts latter 7～10 days, selects fine day rupture of membranes in the morning to put seedling when peanut seedling pushes up native eardrum, and at 3～4 centimetres of mounds of fenestra upper cover, since 4 leaf phases, the branches and leaves that checked and plucked out under film every 7～10 days, carry out 2～3 times altogether; 2. before and after full-bloom stage, meet drought and water in time, meet autumn drought and gently water in time full fruit water, meet waterlogging draining in time; 3. when plant height reaches 40 centimetres, every mu adds 50～75 kilograms of atomization controls of water with 50～75 grams of paclobutrazols, after rainy 7～10 days times, can spray 1 time again, and dry year reduces dosage; 4. the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of fruiting period foliage-spray 1%～2% or urea liquid, sprayed 1 time every 7～10 days again, extends peanut top functional period.
2. the meticulous cultivation method of high yield of No. 15 peanuts of a kind of mountain flower according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the micro-solution seed soaking of the described Chinese medicine of step (3), the preparation method of the micro-fertile seed-soaking liquid of described Chinese medicine is: take wild pepper seed 40-60 part, honeysuckle 100-120 part, cordate houttuynia 120-140 part, kuh-seng 100-150 and cassia bark 50-70 part, add decocting to boil, collect filtrate, the remaining dregs of a decoction add water secondary again and decoct, collect filtrate, the filtrate of twice collection is merged, add again borax, molybdenum, zinc microelement, stir, obtain the micro-fertile seed-soaking liquid of Chinese medicine, peanut seed is put into the micro-fertile seed-soaking liquid of the Chinese medicine 15-20 hour that soaks seed.
3. the meticulous cultivation method of high yield of No. 15 peanuts of a kind of mountain flower according to claim 1, it is characterized in that step (4) described use biological organic insect protected fertilizer, the organic insect protected fertilizer of described biology is made by the raw material of following weight portion: crop stalk powder 80-100 part, straw decomposing agent 1-2 part, Lightyellow Sophora Root 15-25 part, after above-mentioned three kinds of raw materials are mixed, apply in ditch, fill with earthing after sufficient water.
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