CN105145058A - Method for cultivating selenium-enriched chicories - Google Patents
Method for cultivating selenium-enriched chicories Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating selenium-enriched chicories, and relates to the technical field of agriculture plantation. The method comprises the following steps of S1. preparing soil and fertilizing, S2. processing seeds, S3. timely sowing, S4. managing water and fertilizer, S5. cutting, S6. grazing and S7. harvesting. In the method, a selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer is sprayed to chicories during the jointing stage to nourish the chicories, so that selenium-enriched chicories having abundant nutritive values can be achieved; at the same time, a base fertilizer and a seed soaking liquid are used together, not only the yield of the chicories is raised, but also the soil can be protected.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, be specifically related to the cultivation method of a kind of rich selenium witloof.
Background technology:
Selenium is the indispensable trace element of human body, has very important physiological function and nutrition health-care functions.Such as selenium is the required composing factor of glutathione peroxidase, and it can remove the active oxygen radical produced in eubolism, avoids it to histiocytic damage, and protection biomembrane, maintains the normal function of cell.And selenium can remove the accumulation of heavy metal in human body, there is the ability removing heavy metal poisoning.In addition, selenium is cardiovascular in protection, safeguard that cardiac muscle is healthy, protection liver, and antitumor and protection visual organ official rank aspect plays a significant role.Due to the low selenium area that China is a band shape, the grain selenium content of production is extremely low, thus causes human body to lack selenium.In order to ensure the normal intake of selenium, need to carry out supplementing of selenium by selenium-enriched food.
Witloof, composite family Cichorium, herbaceos perennial.Root meat, short and thick.Stem is upright, has rib, hollow, multi-branched.Leaf alternate, long lanceolar, capitulum, corolla ligule, pattern ultramarine.Witloof is medicine food dual purpose plant, and leaf can modulate romaine lettuce, and root, containing synanthrin and aromatic substance, can obtain through refining substitute coffee, promotes that human digestive organ is movable.Its acrial part and root can hyoscines, and Chinese medicine name is respectively witloof, cichory root, has the effects such as clearing heat and detoxicating, inducing diuresis to reduce edema, stomach invigorating.This plant cold-resistant, drought-enduring, the ground such as limit, sun-drenched field, hillside are born in happiness.At present, about the cultivation method also rare report of rich selenium witloof, and in view of witloof medicine food function, develop rich selenium witloof and there is immeasurable economic implications.
Summary of the invention:
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide that a kind of output is high, rich in nutritive value and the cultivation method of the high rich selenium witloof of edible safety.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
A cultivation method for rich selenium witloof, comprises the following steps:
(1) site preparation and fertilization: selective light is according to sufficient, that irrigation and drainage convenient, soil pH value is 6-7.5 sandy loam, and previous crops allows after stubble and weeds a garden, and plough deeply and sun the earth which has been ploughed up, the every mu of 300-350kg that applies fertilizer to the subsoil, then ploughs deeply 25-30cm, whole fine earth table soil of raking;
(2) seed treatment: first bask seeds before sowing 2-3 days when fine, again seed is put into the 1-2% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution to soak seed 12-24h, clean wet gauze is put into when then drying in the air anhydrous to surface by seed, be placed in vernalization under 20-25 DEG C of condition, sooner or later eluriate 1-2 time with clear water, put it in seed-soaking liquid after seed germination and soak 1-2min;
(3) begin sowing in good time: can sow when ground temperature reaches 8-10 DEG C, adopt and broadcast sowing mode, every mu of sowing 0.5-1kg, sowing depth 1-2cm, after planting water in time, keep ground moistening;
(4) water and fertilizer management: combine the intertill and clean tillage that waters, at filling tillering stage every mu potassium application 10-15kg, connects and executes 2 times, interval 10-15 days, in the shooting stage to foliage-spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer 300-500 times of liquid, connect and execute 3 times, every minor tick 7-10 days;
(5) cradle: can cradle when plant grows to after up to 50cm, cradling stubble height is 5-10cm, cradles once every 25-30 days later, cradles rear combination at every turn and waters every mu and impose phosphate fertilizer 8-12kg, potash fertilizer 3-5kg;
(6) herd: within after emerging 3-4 month, can herd, complete in 10-15 days and search for food, after herding, prescind plant residue, with height 10-15cm toothing, again herd after 30-35 days;
(7) receipts are played: rise after surface temperature is down to-2 DEG C in good time and receive, digging fleshy root, after removing cauline leaf, code heap is kept on the spot, during stacking, root is inwardly outwardly for head, code becomes steamed bun shape rickle, in order to avoid fleshy root is endured cold and dehydration, is stored in freezer by time freeze-up until soil.
Described base fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: well-rotted farmyard manure 90-100 part, stalk dry powder 20-25 part, dregs of beans 18-22 part, rapeseed dregs 15-18 part, wheat bran 12-15 part, tea grounds 12-15 part, pomace 10-13 part, tea seed cake 8-12 part, Chinese medicine slag 6-10 part, pig hair meal 6-8 part, fishbone dust 5-8 part, shrimp shell meal 5-8 part, vinasse 4-6 part.This base fertilizer take well-rotted farmyard manure as primary raw material, be aided with agricultural and food processing by product and offcuts, not only there is making rational use of resources, reduce the meaning of Productive statistics cost, and fertility be strong, nutrient component is comprehensive, effectively can alleviate the problems such as soil compaction, fertility decline and heavy metal accumulation.
Described seed-soaking liquid is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: kuh-seng 40-45 part, akebi 32-35 part, durian peel 25-30 part, felwort 20-23 part, corter pseudolaricis 18-20 part, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree 15-18 part, frutus cnidii 13-16 part, kelp 12-15 part, tealeaves 10-12 part, tobacco 8-11 part, balsampear seed 8-10 part, coffee grounds 6-8 part, Chinese prickly ash 3-5 part, chilli seed 2-4 part, water 90-100 part.This seed-soaking liquid has desinsection and mildew-proof function on the one hand, prevents seed from being destroyed by the insect in soil and avoiding because of the mould microbial mold of seed, but also has certain fertility, can supply the nutriment needed for seed sprouting, improve Seed viability.
Described selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 38-42 part, potassium nitrate 30-35 part, siberian motherwort 6-8 part, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS 4-6 part, luffa 3-5 part, superphosphate 3-5 part, humus 4-5 part, sodium silicate 3-4 part, sodium selenite 3-4 part, ferrous sulfate 2-3 part, copper sulphate 2-3 part, zinc sulphate 1-2 part, borax 1-2 part, manganese sulphate 0.5-1 part, ammonium molybdate 0.5-1 part.This selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) and potassium nitrate for primary raw material, the nitrogen fully providing plant growth required, phosphorus, potassium amount, add enough selenium and other various trace elements simultaneously, and be aided with can build up fertility siberian motherwort, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS, luffa, humus and sodium silicate.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is by spraying the method for selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer in the shooting stage to witloof, and for witloof growth provides nutrient, thus plantation obtains the rich selenium witloof of rich in nutritive value; The conbined usage of base fertilizer and seed-soaking liquid, not only increases witloof output, and can play the effect of soil protection simultaneously.
Embodiment:
The technological means realized to make the present invention, creation characteristic, reaching object and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, setting forth the present invention further.
Embodiment 1
(1) site preparation and fertilization: selective light is according to sufficient, that irrigation and drainage convenient, soil pH value is 6-7.5 sandy loam, and previous crops allows after stubble and weeds a garden, and plough deeply and sun the earth which has been ploughed up, the every mu of 350kg that applies fertilizer to the subsoil, then ploughs deeply 30cm, whole fine earth table soil of raking;
(2) seed treatment: first bask seeds when fine 3 days before sowing, again seed is put into the 1% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution to soak seed 12h, clean wet gauze is put into when then drying in the air anhydrous to surface by seed, be placed in vernalization under 20-25 DEG C of condition, morning and evening clear water eluriates 2 times, puts it in seed-soaking liquid and soak 2min after seed germination;
(3) begin sowing in good time: can sow when ground temperature reaches 8-10 DEG C, adopt and broadcast sowing mode, every mu of sowing 1kg, sowing depth 1-2cm, after planting water in time, keep ground moistening;
(4) water and fertilizer management: combine the intertill and clean tillage that waters, at filling tillering stage every mu potassium application 15kg, connects and executes 2 times, 15 days, interval, in the shooting stage to foliage-spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer 500 times of liquid, connect and execute 3 times, every minor tick 10 days;
(5) cradle: can cradle when plant grows to after up to 50cm, cradling stubble height is 5-10cm, cradles once every 30 days later, cradles rear combination at every turn and waters every mu and impose phosphate fertilizer 12kg, potash fertilizer 5kg;
(6) herd: emerge and can herd for latter 4 months, complete in 15 days and search for food, after herding, prescind plant residue, with height 10-15cm toothing, again herd after 35 days;
(7) receipts are played: rise after surface temperature is down to-2 DEG C in good time and receive, digging fleshy root, after removing cauline leaf, code heap is kept on the spot, during stacking, root is inwardly outwardly for head, code becomes steamed bun shape rickle, in order to avoid fleshy root is endured cold and dehydration, is stored in freezer by time freeze-up until soil.
The preparation of base fertilizer: well-rotted farmyard manure 90kg, stalk dry powder 20kg, dregs of beans 18kg, rapeseed dregs 15kg, wheat bran 12kg, tea grounds 12kg, pomace 11kg, tea seed cake 10kg, Chinese medicine slag 8kg, pig hair meal 6kg, fishbone dust 5kg, shrimp shell meal 5kg and vinasse 4kg are fully mixed.
The preparation of seed-soaking liquid: kuh-seng 40kg, akebi 35kg, durian peel 25kg, felwort 22kg, corter pseudolaricis 18kg, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree 16kg, frutus cnidii 14kg, kelp 12kg, tealeaves 10kg, tobacco 9kg, balsampear seed 8kg, coffee grounds 6kg, Chinese prickly ash 3kg and chilli seed 2kg are added in extractor, extracting in water three times, filter, particle is obtained by spraying dry after filtrate is concentrated, powder is ground into again through cracker, add water 90kg, after fully dissolving.
The preparation of selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer: mix with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 42kg, potassium nitrate 30kg, superphosphate 3kg, humus 4kg, sodium silicate 3kg, sodium selenite 3kg, ferrous sulfate 3kg, copper sulphate 2kg, zinc sulphate 2kg, borax 1kg, manganese sulphate 0.5kg and ammonium molybdate 0.5kg after siberian motherwort 6kg, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS 6kg, luffa 3kg are ground into powder.
Embodiment 2
(1) site preparation and fertilization: selective light is according to sufficient, that irrigation and drainage convenient, soil pH value is 6-7.5 sandy loam, and previous crops allows after stubble and weeds a garden, and plough deeply and sun the earth which has been ploughed up, the every mu of 350kg that applies fertilizer to the subsoil, then ploughs deeply 30cm, whole fine earth table soil of raking;
(2) seed treatment: first bask seeds when fine 3 days before sowing, again seed is put into the 1% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution to soak seed 12h, clean wet gauze is put into when then drying in the air anhydrous to surface by seed, be placed in vernalization under 20-25 DEG C of condition, morning and evening clear water eluriates 2 times, puts it in seed-soaking liquid and soak 2min after seed germination;
(3) begin sowing in good time: can sow when ground temperature reaches 8-10 DEG C, adopt and broadcast sowing mode, every mu of sowing 1kg, sowing depth 1-2cm, after planting water in time, keep ground moistening;
(4) water and fertilizer management: combine the intertill and clean tillage that waters, at filling tillering stage every mu potassium application 15kg, connects and executes 2 times, 15 days, interval, in the shooting stage to foliage-spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer 500 times of liquid, connect and execute 3 times, every minor tick 10 days;
(5) cradle: can cradle when plant grows to after up to 50cm, cradling stubble height is 5-10cm, cradles once every 30 days later, cradles rear combination at every turn and waters every mu and impose phosphate fertilizer 12kg, potash fertilizer 5kg;
(6) herd: emerge and can herd for latter 4 months, complete in 15 days and search for food, after herding, prescind plant residue, with height 10-15cm toothing, again herd after 35 days;
(7) receipts are played: rise after surface temperature is down to-2 DEG C in good time and receive, digging fleshy root, after removing cauline leaf, code heap is kept on the spot, during stacking, root is inwardly outwardly for head, code becomes steamed bun shape rickle, in order to avoid fleshy root is endured cold and dehydration, is stored in freezer by time freeze-up until soil.
The preparation of base fertilizer: well-rotted farmyard manure 95kg, stalk dry powder 25kg, dregs of beans 20kg, rapeseed dregs 15kg, wheat bran 12kg, tea grounds 12kg, pomace 11kg, tea seed cake 10kg, Chinese medicine slag 9kg, pig hair meal 7kg, fishbone dust 6kg, shrimp shell meal 6kg and vinasse 5kg are fully mixed.
The preparation of seed-soaking liquid: kuh-seng 40kg, akebi 32kg, durian peel 30kg, felwort 22kg, corter pseudolaricis 20kg, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree 15kg, frutus cnidii 13kg, kelp 12kg, tealeaves 12kg, tobacco 10kg, balsampear seed 10kg, coffee grounds 6kg, Chinese prickly ash 4kg and chilli seed 3kg are added in extractor, extracting in water three times, filter, particle is obtained by spraying dry after filtrate is concentrated, powder is ground into again through cracker, add water 90-100kg, after fully dissolving.
The preparation of selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer: mix with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 40kg, potassium nitrate 32kg, superphosphate 4kg, humus 5kg, sodium silicate 3kg, sodium selenite 3kg, ferrous sulfate 3kg, copper sulphate 3kg, zinc sulphate 2kg, borax 2kg, manganese sulphate 1kg and ammonium molybdate 0.5kg after siberian motherwort 7kg, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS 5kg, luffa 4kg are ground into powder.
Embodiment 3
(1) site preparation and fertilization: selective light is according to sufficient, that irrigation and drainage convenient, soil pH value is 6-7.5 sandy loam, and previous crops allows after stubble and weeds a garden, and plough deeply and sun the earth which has been ploughed up, the every mu of 350kg that applies fertilizer to the subsoil, then ploughs deeply 30cm, whole fine earth table soil of raking;
(2) seed treatment: first bask seeds when fine 3 days before sowing, again seed is put into the 1% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution to soak seed 12h, clean wet gauze is put into when then drying in the air anhydrous to surface by seed, be placed in vernalization under 20-25 DEG C of condition, morning and evening clear water eluriates 2 times, puts it in seed-soaking liquid and soak 2min after seed germination;
(3) begin sowing in good time: can sow when ground temperature reaches 8-10 DEG C, adopt and broadcast sowing mode, every mu of sowing 1kg, sowing depth 1-2cm, after planting water in time, keep ground moistening;
(4) water and fertilizer management: combine the intertill and clean tillage that waters, at filling tillering stage every mu potassium application 15kg, connects and executes 2 times, 15 days, interval, in the shooting stage to foliage-spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer 500 times of liquid, connect and execute 3 times, every minor tick 10 days;
(5) cradle: can cradle when plant grows to after up to 50cm, cradling stubble height is 5-10cm, cradles once every 30 days later, cradles rear combination at every turn and waters every mu and impose phosphate fertilizer 12kg, potash fertilizer 5kg;
(6) herd: emerge and can herd for latter 4 months, complete in 15 days and search for food, after herding, prescind plant residue, with height 10-15cm toothing, again herd after 35 days;
(7) receipts are played: rise after surface temperature is down to-2 DEG C in good time and receive, digging fleshy root, after removing cauline leaf, code heap is kept on the spot, during stacking, root is inwardly outwardly for head, code becomes steamed bun shape rickle, in order to avoid fleshy root is endured cold and dehydration, is stored in freezer by time freeze-up until soil.
The preparation of base fertilizer: well-rotted farmyard manure 100kg, stalk dry powder 25kg, dregs of beans 18kg, rapeseed dregs 18kg, wheat bran 15kg, tea grounds 12kg, pomace 10kg, tea seed cake 10kg, Chinese medicine slag 8kg, pig hair meal 6kg, fishbone dust 7kg, shrimp shell meal 5kg and vinasse 4kg are fully mixed.
The preparation of seed-soaking liquid: kuh-seng 45kg, akebi 35kg, durian peel 30kg, felwort 22kg, corter pseudolaricis 20kg, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree 15kg, frutus cnidii 14kg, kelp 13kg, tealeaves 12kg, tobacco 10kg, balsampear seed 8kg, coffee grounds 7kg, Chinese prickly ash 5kg and chilli seed 3kg are added in extractor, extracting in water three times, filter, particle is obtained by spraying dry after filtrate is concentrated, powder is ground into again through cracker, add water 100kg, after fully dissolving.
The preparation of selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer: mix with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 42kg, potassium nitrate 30kg, superphosphate 5kg, humus 5kg, sodium silicate 4kg, sodium selenite 3kg, ferrous sulfate 2kg, copper sulphate 2kg, zinc sulphate 1kg, borax 1kg, manganese sulphate 1kg and ammonium molybdate 0.5kg after siberian motherwort 8kg, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS 6kg, luffa 4kg are ground into powder.
More than show and describe general principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and specification just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Application claims protection domain is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (1)
1. a cultivation method for rich selenium witloof, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) site preparation and fertilization: selective light is according to sufficient, that irrigation and drainage convenient, soil pH value is 6-7.5 sandy loam, and previous crops allows after stubble and weeds a garden, and plough deeply and sun the earth which has been ploughed up, the every mu of 300-350kg that applies fertilizer to the subsoil, then ploughs deeply 25-30cm, whole fine earth table soil of raking;
(2) seed treatment: first bask seeds before sowing 2-3 days when fine, again seed is put into the 1-2% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution to soak seed 12-24h, clean wet gauze is put into when then drying in the air anhydrous to surface by seed, be placed in vernalization under 20-25 DEG C of condition, sooner or later eluriate 1-2 time with clear water, put it in seed-soaking liquid after seed germination and soak 1-2min;
(3) begin sowing in good time: can sow when ground temperature reaches 8-10 DEG C, adopt and broadcast sowing mode, every mu of sowing 0.5-1kg, sowing depth 1-2cm, after planting water in time, keep ground moistening;
(4) water and fertilizer management: combine the intertill and clean tillage that waters, at filling tillering stage every mu potassium application 10-15kg, connects and executes 2 times, interval 10-15 days, in the shooting stage to foliage-spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer 300-500 times of liquid, connect and execute 3 times, every minor tick 7-10 days;
(5) cradle: can cradle when plant grows to after up to 50cm, cradling stubble height is 5-10cm, cradles once every 25-30 days later, cradles rear combination at every turn and waters every mu and impose phosphate fertilizer 8-12kg, potash fertilizer 3-5kg;
(6) herd: within after emerging 3-4 month, can herd, complete in 10-15 days and search for food, after herding, prescind plant residue, with height 10-15cm toothing, again herd after 30-35 days;
(7) receipts are played: rise after surface temperature is down to-2 DEG C in good time and receive, digging fleshy root, after removing cauline leaf, code heap is kept on the spot, during stacking, root is inwardly outwardly for head, code becomes steamed bun shape rickle, in order to avoid fleshy root is endured cold and dehydration, until soil by being stored in freezer time freeze-up;
Described base fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: well-rotted farmyard manure 90-100 part, stalk dry powder 20-25 part, dregs of beans 18-22 part, rapeseed dregs 15-18 part, wheat bran 12-15 part, tea grounds 12-15 part, pomace 10-13 part, tea seed cake 8-12 part, Chinese medicine slag 6-10 part, pig hair meal 6-8 part, fishbone dust 5-8 part, shrimp shell meal 5-8 part, vinasse 4-6 part;
Described seed-soaking liquid is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: kuh-seng 40-45 part, akebi 32-35 part, durian peel 25-30 part, felwort 20-23 part, corter pseudolaricis 18-20 part, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree 15-18 part, frutus cnidii 13-16 part, kelp 12-15 part, tealeaves 10-12 part, tobacco 8-11 part, balsampear seed 8-10 part, coffee grounds 6-8 part, Chinese prickly ash 3-5 part, chilli seed 2-4 part, water 90-100 part;
Described selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 38-42 part, potassium nitrate 30-35 part, siberian motherwort 6-8 part, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS 4-6 part, luffa 3-5 part, superphosphate 3-5 part, humus 4-5 part, sodium silicate 3-4 part, sodium selenite 3-4 part, ferrous sulfate 2-3 part, copper sulphate 2-3 part, zinc sulphate 1-2 part, borax 1-2 part, manganese sulphate 0.5-1 part, ammonium molybdate 0.5-1 part.
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