CN110521524A - The pseudo-wild cultivating method of rhizoma polygonati - Google Patents
The pseudo-wild cultivating method of rhizoma polygonati Download PDFInfo
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- CN110521524A CN110521524A CN201910839112.9A CN201910839112A CN110521524A CN 110521524 A CN110521524 A CN 110521524A CN 201910839112 A CN201910839112 A CN 201910839112A CN 110521524 A CN110521524 A CN 110521524A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of rhizoma polygonati pseudo-wild cultivating methods, are related to Chinese medicine planting technology field.Cultural method of the present invention is in subtropical zone evergreen broad-leaved forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati；The evergreen broadleaf forest includes the Elaeocarpus decipiens artificial forest at 5~25 year age of stand；Hayashishita intensity of illumination is adjusted by intermediate cutting appropriate and trimming, it is planted using the seedling of the full root tuber of rhizoma polygonati or stalwartness, apply appropriate organic fertilizer supplement nutrient, winter along ground cradle overground part after covering sunshade net heat preservation while prevent Elaeocarpus decipiens seed from falling after germinate, the appearance of weeds and small sapling is reduced, this method can promote rhizoma polygonati to grow, and reduce weeds, rhizoma polygonati dry product yield is significantly promoted, realizes the high-quality and efficient pseudo-wild cultivating of rhizoma polygonati.In embodiments of the present invention, rhizoma polygonati dry product yield improves 10% or more.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese medicine planting technology fields, and in particular to the pseudo-wild cultivating method of rhizoma polygonati.
Background technique
Rhizoma polygonati is Liliaceae HUANGJING ZANYU CAPSULE, is the medicinal and edible plant of health ministry clear stipulaties, rich in
Sugar, protein and vitamins and other nutritious components.Rhizoma polygonati likes shady and cool wet environment, is common in hayashishita, shrubbery or hillside yin
Place.Due to people's economic level and improvement of living standard, start more to focus on health and health, so as the medicine of rhizoma polygonati etc
It is more and more deficienter with plant wild resource.In order to which medicinal plant in wild resource is effectively protected and meets people to medicinal material product
Demand, the artificial cultivation for carrying out medicinal plant become important outlet, simulate medicinal plant especially by cultivation under woods
The efficient production of high-quality Chinese medicine may be implemented in primitive environment.
China forest plants and Forest Types are extremely rich and varied, according to the 8th national forest assessment the results show that
By the end of the year in 2013, China was ranked 5 before the afforestation rate ranking of countries in the world with 2.08 hundred million hectares of area of woods.In forest
Forest, forest reserves comprehensive utilization ratio are lower particularly problematic during resource development, meanwhile, as China's forest important set
The problems such as not high there are forest quality at the artificial forest of part.In view of the above-mentioned problems, China's forest economy flourishes in recent years,
Its middle forest medicine mode is one of forest economy development model of most forestry characteristic.It is wealthy in order to realize the development of bio-diversity
The rising of the area and ratio of Ye Lin year by year carries out broad-leaved forest interplanting Chinese medicine and has great importance and develop latent
Power.But the development of forest economy is mainly relied on using pine, China fir as the coniferous forest of representative at present, and it is directed to subtropical zone
The woods medicine Compound Management technologies of Evergreen Broad-leaved Tree Species of one's native land extremely lack.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, relying on subtropical zone the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of pseudo-wild cultivating method of rhizoma polygonati
Evergreen Broad-leaved Tree Species artificial forest carries out woods medicine Compound Management, and the cultural method can promote rhizoma polygonati to grow, and reduces weeds, greatly
Amplitude promotes rhizoma polygonati dry product yield, realizes the high-quality and efficient pseudo-wild cultivating of rhizoma polygonati.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
The present invention provides a kind of rhizoma polygonati pseudo-wild cultivating methods, in subtropical zone evergreen broad-leaved forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati；
The evergreen broadleaf forest includes the Elaeocarpus decipiens artificial forest at 5~25 year age of stand；The method of the interplanting the following steps are included: (1) to institute
It states evergreen broadleaf forest and carries out intermediate cutting and trimming, make standing forest light transmittance 60~70%, remove earth's surface miscellaneous filling, weeds and decayed timber
Afterwards, rhizoma polygonati milpa is obtained；
(2) deep ploughing, ridging after fertilizer are spread fertilizer over the fields in Xiang Suoshu rhizoma polygonati milpa, must cultivate ridge；The fertilizer includes organic fertilizer
And potassium sulfate compound fertilizer；
(3) Yu Wanqiu or early spring carry out rhizoma polygonati transplanting, and the line-spacing of the transplanting is 30~40cm, and spacing in the rows is 15~25cm；
(4) top dressing after the beginning of spring in the coming year, and carry out ridging covering；
(5) it is harvested after cultivating 3~4 years.
Preferably, the spacing in the rows after step (1) described intermediate cutting in evergreen broadleaf forest is 4~5m, and line-spacing is 5~6m.
Preferably, the object of step (1) described trimming is 2m branch below.
Preferably, the dosage of step (2) described organic fertilizer is 1~1.5 ton/mu；The dosage of the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer
It is 50~75kg/ mus.
Preferably, the depth of step (2) described deep ploughing is 50~60cm；The width on the cultivation ridge is 120~130cm,
A height of 30~the 40cm in ridge.
Preferably, the rhizoma polygonati of step (3) described transplanting includes above healthy and strong, no disease and pests harm the plant rhizome or strong of life in 2 years
2 years strong above seedlings of life.
Preferably, the depth of the transplanting is 3~5cm.
It preferably, further include in the fall, being covered after rhizoma polygonati overground part is withered in forest land surface after step (3) described transplanting
Black sunshade net, the shading rate of the sunshade net are 90% or more.
Preferably, sunshade net is removed when step (4) described top dressing；The top dressing includes the organic fertilizer of 0.4~0.6 ton/mu
With 30~40kg/ mus of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer.
Preferably, step (5) harvest takes rhizome, removes overground part to harvest after overground part is withered in the fall
Point and fibrous root.
The present invention provides a kind of rhizoma polygonati pseudo-wild cultivating methods, in subtropical zone evergreen broad-leaved forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati；
The evergreen broadleaf forest includes the Elaeocarpus decipiens artificial forest at 5~25 year age of stand；It is strong that hayashishita illumination is adjusted by intermediate cutting appropriate and trimming
Degree is planted using the seedling of the full root tuber of rhizoma polygonati or stalwartness, applies appropriate organic fertilizer supplement nutrient, winter is along ground
It cradles covering sunshade net after overground part to germinate after preventing Elaeocarpus decipiens seed from falling while heat preservation, reduces going out for weeds and small sapling
Existing, this method can promote rhizoma polygonati to grow, and reduce weeds, significantly promote rhizoma polygonati dry product yield, realize that rhizoma polygonati is high-quality and efficient imitative
Wild cultivating.In embodiments of the present invention, rhizoma polygonati dry product yield improves 10% or more.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of rhizoma polygonati pseudo-wild cultivating methods, in subtropical zone evergreen broad-leaved forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati；
The evergreen broadleaf forest includes the Elaeocarpus decipiens artificial forest at 5~25 year age of stand；The method of the interplanting the following steps are included: (1) to institute
It states evergreen broadleaf forest and carries out intermediate cutting and trimming, make standing forest light transmittance 60~70%, remove earth's surface miscellaneous filling, weeds and decayed timber
Afterwards, rhizoma polygonati milpa is obtained；
(2) deep ploughing, ridging after fertilizer are spread fertilizer over the fields in Xiang Suoshu rhizoma polygonati milpa, must cultivate ridge；The fertilizer includes organic fertilizer
And potassium sulfate compound fertilizer；
(3) Yu Wanqiu or early spring carry out rhizoma polygonati transplanting, and the line-spacing of the transplanting is 30~40cm, and spacing in the rows is 15~25cm；
(4) top dressing after the beginning of spring in the coming year, and carry out ridging covering；
(5) it is harvested after cultivating 3~4 years.
In the pseudo-wild cultivating method of rhizoma polygonati of the present invention, intermediate cutting and trimming are carried out to the evergreen broadleaf forest, made
Standing forest light transmittance is 60~70%, after removing earth's surface miscellaneous filling, weeds and decayed timber, obtains rhizoma polygonati milpa.Intermediate cutting of the present invention
It is also preferable to include remove part trees (including tree stump), remove tree stump after to fill and lead up tree well, remove as far as possible astichous growing way compared with
Weak trees.Spacing in the rows after intermediate cutting of the present invention in evergreen broadleaf forest is preferably 4~5m, and line-spacing is preferably 5~6m.The present invention
The object of the trimming is preferably 2m branch below.By the intermediate cutting and trimming so that standing forest light transmittance be preferably 60~
70%, more preferable 65%.For the present invention under the standing forest light transmittance condition, the available enough illumination of rhizoma polygonati carries out photosynthetic work
With, and be unlikely to burn, it also can guarantee enough air flowings.
After obtaining rhizoma polygonati milpa, the present invention spreads fertilizer over the fields deep ploughing, ridging after fertilizer into the rhizoma polygonati milpa, must cultivate ridge；
The fertilizer includes organic fertilizer and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer.The dosage of organic fertilizer of the present invention is preferably 1~1.5 ton/mu, institute
Stating organic fertilizer is preferably decomposed organic fertilizer, and in embodiments of the present invention, the organic fertilizer derives from the green happy bioengineering in Jiangxi
The Paenibacillus polymyxa biological organic fertilizer of limited liability company's production.The dosage of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of the present invention is preferred
It is 50~75kg/ mus, in embodiments of the present invention, the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is from the limited public affairs of Wuhan Middle East phosphorus industry science and technology
Take charge of the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of production.The present invention uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields the fertilizer in earth's surface after mixing, then deep ploughs, described
The depth of deep ploughing is preferably 50~60cm.There is no particular determinations for method of the present invention to the deep ploughing, it is preferred to use small-sized digging
Pick machine or ploughing machine carry out strip tillage.The present invention plays cultivation ridge after the deep ploughing, and the width on the cultivation ridge is preferably
120~130cm, ridge height are preferably 30~40cm.The present invention is big in soil it is also preferable to include removing before described cultivation ridge
Stone and tree root.
After ridge must being cultivated, the present invention carries out rhizoma polygonati transplanting in late fall or early spring, and the line-spacing of the transplanting is 30~40cm, strain
Away from for 15~25cm.Transplanting of the present invention is carried out in two time points of late fall or early spring, and the early spring is preferably late March.
The present invention is preferably to described in the above seedling progress of lifes in 2 years including 2 years raw above healthy and strong, no disease and pests harm plant rhizomes or stalwartness
Transplanting.The depth of transplanting of the present invention is preferably 3~5cm.For the present invention after the transplanting, it is also preferable to include earthing, described
The thickness of earthing is preferably 1~1.5cm, to cover rhizome to keep humidity and temperature.The present invention is after the transplanting, preferably
It further include daily management and protection of passing the winter, the daily management is preferably the 3 artificial weeding operations of progress in 1 year, preferred other
Weeds at the beginning of weed growth animated period at the beginning of rhizoma polygonati seeding stage, 6 months at the beginning of 4 months and August carry out weeding operation, removal length before blossoming and having seeds
The weeds that gesture is vigorous and figure is tall and big reduce the blocking in space and light needed for tall and big weeds grow rhizoma polygonati.It is of the present invention
Protection of passing the winter preferably includes in the fall, covers black sunshade net in forest land surface after rhizoma polygonati overground part is withered, the sunshade net
Shading rate is preferably 90% or more.On the one hand sunshade net of the present invention can give soil heat preservation, can prevent on the other hand
Germination influences the growth of rhizoma polygonati after Elaeocarpus decipiens seed is fallen, and the Elaeocarpus decipiens seed finally collected, which can carry out selling, obtains economic value.
Present invention top dressing after the beginning of spring in the coming year, and carry out ridging covering.The present invention removes sunshade net after the beginning of spring, uses
The method of administration of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer carries out top dressing, and top dressing of the present invention preferably includes the organic of 0.4~0.6 ton/mu
Fertilizer and 30~40kg/ mus of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer.Organic fertilizer and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of the present invention preferably with above-mentioned fertilizer
Expect identical, details are not described herein.When the preferred top dressing of the present invention, the fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in ground after mixing, at the same again into
Row ridging covering.The thickness of ridging covering of the present invention is preferably 1~1.5cm, covers rhizome to keep humidity and temperature.
The present invention harvests after 3~4 years according to above-mentioned cultural method, cultivation.It is of the present invention harvest preferably in the fall to
It is harvested after overground part is withered, takes rhizome, remove aerial part and fibrous root.The present invention is after the harvest, and it is also preferable to include big guns
System, there is no particular determinations to the concocting method by the present invention, according to the conventional rhizoma polygonati concocting method of this field.
Rhizoma polygonati pseudo-wild cultivating method provided by the invention is described in detail below with reference to embodiment, but cannot
They are interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
25 years raw Elaeocarpus decipiens hayashishita planting rhizoma polygonatis (ED):
1, intermediate cutting and pruning, Elaeocarpus decipiens artificial forest progress intermediate cutting excessive to density first, removal part trees (including tree
Pocket, remove tree stump after to fill and lead up tree well), remove the weaker trees of astichous growing way as far as possible, then by trimming reduce 2 meters with
Under branch so that standing forest light transmittance maintains 69% or so, while earth's surface miscellaneous filling, weeds and decayed timber are removed etc., to vacate
Soil space for planting rhizoma polygonati.
2, base manure is applied, is carried out using the method for administration of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, it is decomposed according to 1~1.5 ton per acre
The potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of organic fertilizer and 50~5kg is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface after mixing.
3, it loosens the soil and site preparation, strip tillage is carried out using mini-excavator or ploughing machine, according to the depth of 50~60cm
Timbered soil is turned over, ratchel and tree root in soil are removed, and according to the width ridging of 120~130cm, ridge height is controlled 30
~40cm.
4, it transplants, it is planting material that 2 years raw sealwort root tubers are selected before and after Yu Wanqiu (by the end of September), according to 30~40cm of line-spacing, strain
It is transplanted away from 15~25cm, transplanting depth control carries out earthing after 3~5cm, transplanting.
5, daily management carries out conventional daily field management, weed growth at the beginning of rhizoma polygonati seeding stage, 6 months at the beginning of 4 months
Animated period and August carry out weeding operation before just weeds blossom and have seeds, and carry out 3 times altogether, and it is miscellaneous that removal growing way is vigorous and figure is tall and big
Grass reduces the blocking in space and light needed for tall and big weeds grow rhizoma polygonati.
6, protection of passing the winter covers black sunshade net in forest land surface after rhizoma polygonati overground part is withered, selects shading rate in the fall
Sunshade net 90% or more collects Elaeocarpus decipiens seed.
7, top dressing after the beginning of spring, throws off sunshade net, carries out top dressing using the method for administration of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, according to
The potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of 0.5 ton or so of decomposed manure and 30~40kg per acre is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface after mixing
And carry out ridging covering.
8, it harvests, cultivation can harvest after 3 years, harvest after overground part is withered in autumn, take rhizome, remove overground part
Point and fibrous root, carry out traditional processing after cleaning.
Comparative example 1
In addition to the following contents is different from embodiment, remaining condition is same as Example 1: artificial in 25 years raw masson pines
Underwood planting rhizoma polygonati (PM)；Since 25 years raw masson pine seed quantity is not too many, so after rhizoma polygonati overground part is withered in the fall
Measure without forest land surface covering film.
Excavate after autumn seed collection simultaneously big gun after transplanting the rhizoma polygonati root tuber of above-described embodiment 1 and comparative example 13 years
System, compares the yield of rhizoma polygonati and the dry product yield after processing under Elaeocarpus decipiens artificial forest and Masson Pine Plantation, as a result such as 1 institute of table
Show:
Rhizoma polygonati yield comparison under 1 Elaeocarpus decipiens of table and masson pine forest
| ED | PM | |
| Yield (t/a) | 3.65±0.21b | 2.76±0.17a |
| Dry product yield (%) | 27.89±0.11b | 18.02±0.31a |
By above-mentioned table 1 it is found that rhizoma polygonati output increased 32% under Elaeocarpus decipiens and Masson Pine Plantation, and Elaeocarpus decipiens hayashishita rhizoma polygonati big gun
The dry product yield of system significantly improves, and increase rate is more than 54%.
Embodiment 2
Elaeocarpus decipiens hayashishita transplants rhizoma polygonati root tuber (RT) and seedling (S), and wherein root tuber is 2 years raw healthy rhizoma polygonati root tubers, seedling 1
The healthy and strong rhizoma polygonati seedling of year life, remaining condition are identical with embodiment 1.
Transplanting was excavated and is processed after autumn seed collection after 3 years, is compared root tuber transplanting and is planted transplantation of seedlings rhizoma polygonati
Dry product yield after yield and processing.Test result is as shown in table 2:
The different planting material rhizoma polygonati yield comparisons of table 2
| RT | S | |
| Yield (ton/mu) | 4.01±0.26b | 2.37±0.45a |
| Dry product yield (%) | 27.93±0.27b | 23.74±0.76a |
Root tuber transplanting rhizoma polygonati yield is significantly higher than kind of a transplantation of seedlings, and the dry product yield after root tuber transplanting 3 years is also significantly high
In kind of a transplantation of seedlings.
The present invention provides a kind of rhizoma polygonati pseudo-wild cultivating methods, in subtropical zone Evergreen Broad-leaved Tree Species artificial forest hayashishita
Medicinal plant rhizoma polygonati is interplanted, this method can promote rhizoma polygonati to grow, and reduce weeds, significantly promote rhizoma polygonati dry product yield.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of rhizoma polygonati pseudo-wild cultivating method, which is characterized in that in subtropical zone evergreen broad-leaved forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati；It is described
Evergreen broadleaf forest includes the Elaeocarpus decipiens artificial forest at 5~25 year age of stand；The method of the interplanting the following steps are included: (1) to it is described often
Green broad-leaf forest carries out intermediate cutting and trimming, makes standing forest light transmittance 60~70%, after removing earth's surface miscellaneous filling, weeds and decayed timber, obtains
Rhizoma polygonati milpa；
(2) deep ploughing, ridging after fertilizer are spread fertilizer over the fields in Xiang Suoshu rhizoma polygonati milpa, must cultivate ridge；The fertilizer includes organic fertilizer and sulphur
Suan Jia type compound fertilizer；
(3) Yu Wanqiu or early spring carry out rhizoma polygonati transplanting, and the line-spacing of the transplanting is 30~40cm, and spacing in the rows is 15~25cm；
(4) top dressing after the beginning of spring in the coming year, and carry out ridging covering；
(5) it is harvested after cultivating 3~4 years.
2. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the strain after step (1) described intermediate cutting in evergreen broadleaf forest
Away from for 4~5m, line-spacing is 5~6m.
3. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the object of step (1) described trimming is 2m branch below
Item.
4. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the dosage of step (2) described organic fertilizer be 1~1.5 ton/
Mu；The dosage of the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 50~75kg/ mus.
5. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the depth of step (2) described deep ploughing is 50~60cm；Institute
The width for stating cultivation ridge is 120~130cm, a height of 30~40cm in ridge.
6. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the rhizoma polygonati of step (3) described transplanting includes 2 years raw or more
2 years above seedlings of life of healthy and strong, no disease and pests harm plant rhizome or stalwartness.
7. cultural method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the depth of the transplanting is 3~5cm.
8. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include Huang in the fall after step (3) described transplanting
Black sunshade net is covered in forest land surface after smart overground part is withered, the shading rate of the sunshade net is 90% or more.
9. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that remove sunshade net when step (4) described top dressing；It is described to chase after
Fertilizer includes the organic fertilizer and 30~40kg/ mus of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of 0.4~0.6 ton/mu.
10. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (5) harvest is withered to overground part in the fall
It is harvested after withering, takes rhizome, remove aerial part and fibrous root.
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| CN111955253A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-11-20 | 江西省科学院生物资源研究所 | Liriodendron forest seedling cultivation method |
| CN112931109A (en) * | 2021-02-19 | 2021-06-11 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | Polygonatum kingianum cultivation method |
| CN114402931A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-29 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | Cultivation method of polygonatum kingianum under forest |
| CN115088568A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-09-23 | 河南盛世中药产业研究院有限公司 | High-yield cultivation method for polygonatum sibiricum by topping and promoting roots |
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| CN112931109A (en) * | 2021-02-19 | 2021-06-11 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | Polygonatum kingianum cultivation method |
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