CN107211721A - The breeding method of soybean - Google Patents

Abstract

The breeding method of soybean, is related to plant cultivating method.Its step is：(1) select the seed of full seed to be basked seeds before broadcasting, bask seeds the time in the weather that sunlight is full of, seed tiles in the sun, bask seeds daily 35 hours, bask seeds 23 days；(2) dressed seed with 0.1% 0.2% ammonium molybdates or rhizobium before broadcasting, 0.5 kilogram of ammonium molybdate or rhizobium are dressed seed 10 kilograms of seeds；(3) plough, deep plough 20-25 centimetres；Open bunch planting kind；(4) tillage and weeding ridging is carried out during 15-20 centimetres of height of seedling, 46 kilograms of urea, 68 kilograms of potassium chloride is applied starting branching stage mu；(5) at the florescence with 4-5 grams of sodium sulfite to 50 kilograms of water, once in a week, even spray 2-3 times；(6) the top heart is extractd within 20 days before harvest；(7) preceding 20 days sprayings one time, 200 times of liquid high fat film increasing agents are harvested.Solve the problem of existing soybean planting method can not improve the percentage of seedgermination of soybean planting.

Description

The breeding method of soybean

Technical field

The present invention relates to plant cultivating method, and in particular to the breeding method of soybean.

Background technology

Soybean (scientific name：Glycinemax (Linn.) Merr.) common name soybean.Soybean is annual herb plant, is the world Upper most important beans.Soybean thinks that original producton location is the band of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau one mostly originating from China, Chinese scholar.There are many plants Scholar thinks that soybean is soy-derived in the Usu of China by originating in.The cultivated soybean now planted is passed through from wild soybean Long-term M8003 line, improvement are tamed.Soybean section Glycine annual herb, it is high 30-90 centimetres.Stem is sturdy, uprightly, close By the long bristle of brown.Leaf generally 3 leaflets of tool；Stipule has vein, by yellow pubescence；Petiole is long 2-20 centimetres；Leaflet width egg shape, paper Matter；The short few flower of raceme, long spends more；Total bennet generally has 5-8 stockless, the flower tightly squeezed；Bract lanceolar, by rough volt Hair；Squamella lanceolar, by submissive bristle；Calyx lanceolar, flower purple, lavender or white, base portion tool valve handle, ala castor Shape.Pod is loose, and slightly curved, sagging, yellow green is close to be become mildewed by isabelline；2-5, seed, oval, subsphaeroidal, kind skin is smooth, There are pale green, Huang, brown and black etc. various.The month at florescence 6-7, the fruiting period 7-9 months.

The planting patterns of current soybean is a lot, and the method for increase yield significantly has following several：

First, Method of Hil-planting With Equal Distance In Soybean

Under the conditions of high-yield culturing, soybean bunch planting cultivation is carried out, distance is increased between making cave, is promoted the envelope departure date to delay, is caused Good ventilation light transmission condition, effectively using luminous energy, improves the efficiency of light energy utilization, and increases yield.

The technical essential of Method of Hil-planting With Equal Distance：The condition of compatibility of 1 Method of Hil-planting With Equal Distance.Bunch planting cultivation is filled in rich water Under conditions of foot, the high yield of 200 kilograms of per mu yield can be obtained by coordinating with other measures.Drilling can also be compared under better-than-average soil fertility condition Volume increase.Bunch planting cultivation is adapted for the cultural method under high-yield condition and better-than-average soil fertility condition.2 Method of Hil-planting With Equal Distance In Soybean With 70 centimetres of line-spacing, 15~20 centimetres of hill spacing is kept a full stand of seedings 3~4 plants per cave, several 25~28 plants of southern areas of square metre keeping a full stand of seedings, northern 30~35 plants of area is advisable.3 suitable seeding machinaries：Hill-drop drill is suitable to the device on hand guided mechanical on ridge.Two rows are once broadcast, are imitated Fruit is imitated.Labour's abundance has the place of artificial dazzling kind, and effect of increasing production can also be received by being changed to bunch planting.4 in order that bunch planting is fully sent out Production-increasing function is waved, corn or wheat so good preceding stubble is preferably selected, rake or rake stubble are turned in progress.Stubble before cleaning is good, it is whole well, Ensure seeding quality.Meanwhile, increase farm manure, applied chemical fertilizer, enhance field management, prevent from hindering seedling, it is ensured that seedling number, make individual with Colony reaches balanced development.

2nd, On Wave-like Canopy Cultivation of Soybean

On Wave-like Canopy Cultivation of Soybean is artificially to cause waving-canopy, to expand colony leaves optical cross section product, is made full use of With raising photosynthetic capacity, it is to cause good ventilation and penetrating light condition the Soybean Growth Characters later stage, reduction bottom leaf Huang is withered, improves soybean Yield.On Wave-like Canopy Cultivation has three kinds of plantation forms：One is planted between height different cultivars carries out interlacing：Two be that same kind is different Make between density or Different Fertilization amount interlacing：Three be work between the stupid formic acid formation height interlacing of same kind spray wine triiodo.Result of the test table Bright, height differs 10~15 centimetres and is advisable, and its amount of increase in production is 6.0~15.1%.And then affirmed On Wave-like Canopy Cultivation pair The effect of volume increase.The technical essential of On Wave-like Canopy Cultivation：1 height intercropping of different varieties (with 1: 1 planting patterns) makes its nature Form dense unrestrained canopy.This method economical and effective, simplicity is preferably gone.If combination collocation is suitable, it can be applied in large area production. But must be the different variety matching of close height of ripe phase.2 with kind different densities, and interlacing plantation is artificial to cause wave banding group Body structure bandit layer.Ecological condition change can influence the height of plant height to occur successional change.Pass through planting density and fertilising The change controllable plant height of amount.Waving-canopy artificially is caused, it is greatly increased optical cross section product, photosynthetic efficiency, increase production is improved Amount.The 3 spray stupid formic acid of wine triiodo artificially cause waving-canopy.With the stupid formic acid interlacing sprinkling plant of triiodo, promote its dwarfing, can also be formed Waving-canopy.But suitable spraying period and consumption must be grasped.4 near-isogenic line kinds, are configured to wave belt like combination, should Kind be only plant height differ 10~15 centimetres, other characters are essentially identical, the especially ripe phase, particle shape, grain color, grain size and its Its quality trait is essentially identical.During this parent's sowing, only by the band of four ridge one, centre is high bar, and both sides are short bar, are sowed simultaneously, together Phase mixing harvest, original seed can individually be bred.

3rd, the ditch cultivation of two ridge of soybean one

The ditch cultivation of two ridge of soybean one is absorption again the characteristics of keeping ridge culture drought resisting and flood, plant high bed tempertaure, wide adaptability The advantage of compact planting in narrow row, can make field edge color area increase by more than 1/4.And coordinated soil three phases, so as to promote root System's growth is sent out good.Duplicate rows precision point sowing volume increase 15%~25% on than 70 centimetres ridges of the cultivation, and it is easy to crop rotation, field management And do mechanization operation.The ditch cultivation law technology main points of two ridge one：1 liang of ditch cultivation of ridge one, a furrow seedling band is increased every a ditch, Field ventilation and penetrating light condition is improved using interior dilute outer close planting type, the efficiency of light energy utilization of soybean population is improved.Two ridges One ditch cultivation employs 140 centimetres of wide row space, and 35 centimetres of the small line-spacing of intermediate sulcus platform, 20~22 centimetres of furrow bunch planting is stayed per cave 2~3 plants of seedling, 15~18 centimetres of ridge platform hill spacing stays 3~4 plants of seedling per cave.2 crop rotations and site preparation, the ditch cultivation of two ridge one should be set up The garden crop rotation of corn-soybean-wheat (coarse cereals or industrial crops) three is minimal tilled on the basis of system, not continuous cropping, do not meet stubble.Wheat, jade The rice stubble volt autumn rakes whole thin in time after turning over, and with seven turnplow ridgings, suppresses and keeps soil moisture content.There is the former ridge of the corn stubble for ploughing deeply basis, Early spring takes net stubble, picks net bar, drag stump a heatable brick bed, reaches state to be broadcast.3 fertilisings are applied for 3 years on the basis of three garden crop rotations with sowing Base fertilizer, raises organic fertilizer, 1500~2000 kilograms of per hectare before turning over：Chemical fertilizer does seed manure and imposes on kind of lower 4~5 centimetres, every public affairs Hectare 18~27 kilograms of purity nitrogen, 46~69 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, 37.5~45 kilograms of potassium oxide.The ditch cultivation of two ridge one is using special Sowed with machine (2BX-3), in this no seeder, ridge platform is sowed with 2BT- II (changing corn disk), and furrow manually digs hole kind, is prevented Only dry ground falls after rise, can first plant furrow, rear to plant ridge platform.Density requirements 15~18 centimetres of ridge platform bunch planting as machine sowing, per cave 3~4 Grain：20~22 centimetres of furrow hill spacing, per 3, cave.4 field management, furrow subsoiling, depth 20 are in the ranks carried out greatly in soybean talent arch soil ~25 centimetres.The ground ridging of small in the ranks (35 centimetres of spacing) shovel.Accomplish a pine, two times, three shovels pull out big grass, and according to soybean growing way And pest and disease damage a situation arises take rush dig and prophylactico-therapeutic measures.5 under conditions of rich water is sufficient, and medium from degree in great numbers, plant type is received Hold back, the strong kind of stalk, hillock is overflow in the medium level land of fertilizer and water condition, can select tall and big middle-late ripening variety in great numbers.

Although above-mentioned soybean planting method can improve yield, the above method can not improve the germination of soybean planting Rate.

The content of the invention

The present invention provides a kind of breeding method of soybean, although the present invention solves existing soybean planting method and can improved Yield, but the above method is the problem of can not improve the percentage of seedgermination of soybean planting.

To solve the above problems, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：The breeding method of soybean, its step is：

(1) seed of selection full seed is basked seeds before broadcasting, and basks seeds the time in the weather that sunlight is full of, in the sun Seed is tiled, basks seeds 3-5 hours, basks seeds 2-3 days daily；

(2) dressed seed before broadcasting with 0.1%-0.2% ammonium molybdates or rhizobium, ammonium molybdate or 0.5 kilogram of seed dressing 10 of rhizobium are public Jin seed；

(3) plough, deep plough 20-25 centimetres；Open bunch planting kind；

(4) tillage and weeding ridging is carried out during 15-20 centimetres of height of seedling, 4-6 kilograms of urea, chlorine is applied starting branching stage mu Change 6-8 kilograms of potassium；

(5) at the florescence with 4-5 grams of sodium sulfite to 50 kilograms of water, once in a week, even spray 2-3 times；

(6) the top heart is extractd within 20 days before harvest；

(7) preceding 20 days sprayings one time, 200 times of liquid high fat film increasing agents are harvested.

The present invention selects the seed of full seed to be basked seeds in the cultivating process of soybean, successively, then uses molybdic acid before broadcasting Ammonium or rhizobium seed dressing, greatly improve cultivated soya seeds bud ratio.The growth of seedling speed of soybean also has larger Lifting；Particularly with needing the continuous cropping in field to plant soybean, it can be prevented effectively from what is gathered in soil using the method for the present invention Pernicious bacteria encroaches on seedling, improves the survival rate of seedling.Growth of seedling is significantly stimulated, the growth rate of seedling is improved.

Embodiment

The present invention is described in detail with optimal embodiment below.

The breeding method of soybean, its step is：

(1) how soybean is planted is obtained high yield progress seed treatment with management, improves germinating energy.Selection full seed before broadcasting Seed is basked seeds, and basks seeds the time in the weather that sunlight is full of, seed tiles in the sun, bask seeds daily 3-5 hours, is shone Plant 2-3 days, to improve the growth potential of soya seeds；Sowing time, (0.5 kilogram of microbial inoculum was mixed with 0.1%-0.2% ammonium molybdates or rhizobium Plant 10 kilograms of seeds) seed dressing.According to experiment, the nodule formation after seed treatment is early and more, and growing way is fast, and branch is early, setting percentage Improve, increase production up to 10% -20% with full pod number.

(2) plough, fine site preparation uses sufficient base manure.20-25 centimetres of deep ploughing, plays 1.2 meters of turtleback shape ridge furrow repeatedly after harrow broken (paddy field), arid hillside field can be wide, to prevent rotten of ponding.

(3) sow, plantation early stage is especially in tri-leaf period, and soybean especially needs potassium phosphate fertilizer, thus want mu apply 1500 kilograms of farmyard manure, Burnt dust-ashes or 600 kilograms of plant ash, 10 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, 20 kilograms of composite fertilizer, make base fertilizer, then open bunch planting kind after mixing thoroughly.

(4) select and turn over autumn breeding, it is ensured that a full stand.Sow in spring and meet low temperature overcast and rainy day weather often, so as to cause rotten plant to influence Full stand.Major issue percentage of seedgermination after processing is high, and growing way is strong, can save seedling from damage, and ripe early, is the key of stable yields of striving for high yield.

(5) early intertill early is topdressed, and rush flower increases the anti-down rush of pod and increased production.Soybean is happiness imtertilled crop, and Growth of Seedling is slowly easy Tillage and weeding ridging is carried out when raw weeds, 15-20 centimetres of height of seedling, to promote to prevent in rhizobium development, ridging to cotyledonary node position Lodging；4-6 kilograms of urea, 6-8 kilograms of potassium chloride are applied starting branching stage mu, is applied down with reference to second of intertillage, to strengthen effectively Sit pod branch number.

(6) at the florescence with 4-5 grams of sodium sulfite to 50 kilograms of water, once in a week, even spray 2-3 times, can strengthen soybean light Respiratory intensity, reduces the consumption of photosynthate；

(7) extract the top heart within 20 days before harvest, setting percentage 7% -8% can be improved.Disease pest is prevented and treated, strain is protected and protects flower pod guarantor's receipts Benefit.Early stage has aphid, cutworm, a heart-eating worm, and mid-term has bean-pod borer, 28 star ladybug and leaf spot etc., harm tender leaf, flower spike, Moth food beanpod, should select counterpart agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat in time.

(8) 200 times of liquid high fat film increasing agents (emulsion) of about 20 days sprayings one time, can reduce about half chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals is used Amount.Also 100 times of immersion kinds can be used, emergence rate is improved.

By the planting experiment of 1 year, the soybean planted using the inventive method planted soybean, seed with existing conventional method Germination percentage improves more than 10%.

Finally it should be noted that：Obviously, above-described embodiment is only intended to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and simultaneously The non-restriction to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, it can also do on the basis of the above description Go out other various forms of changes or variation.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And thus drawn Among the obvious changes or variations that Shen goes out is still in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. the breeding method of soybean, it is characterised in that its step is：

(1) seed of selection full seed is basked seeds before broadcasting, and basks seeds the time in the weather that sunlight is full of, and will be planted in the sun Son tiling, basks seeds 3-5 hours, basks seeds 2-3 days daily；

(2) dressed seed before broadcasting with 0.1%-0.2% ammonium molybdates or rhizobium, ammonium molybdate or rhizobium 0.5 kilogram of seed dressing, 10 kilograms of kinds Son；

(3) plough, deep plough 20-25 centimetres；Open bunch planting kind；

(4) tillage and weeding ridging is carried out during 15-20 centimetres of height of seedling, 4-6 kilograms of urea, potassium chloride is applied starting branching stage mu 6-8 kilograms；

(5) at the florescence with 4-5 grams of sodium sulfite to 50 kilograms of water, once in a week, even spray 2-3 times；

(6) the top heart is extractd within 20 days before harvest；

(7) preceding 20 days sprayings one time, 200 times of liquid high fat film increasing agents are harvested.