CN110896809B - Efficient cultivation method for intercropping corn and chrysanthemum nankingense - Google Patents
Efficient cultivation method for intercropping corn and chrysanthemum nankingense Download PDFInfo
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- CN110896809B CN110896809B CN201911180539.9A CN201911180539A CN110896809B CN 110896809 B CN110896809 B CN 110896809B CN 201911180539 A CN201911180539 A CN 201911180539A CN 110896809 B CN110896809 B CN 110896809B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency cultivation method of corn intercropping chrysanthemum nankingense, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting land and preparing land; 2) selecting varieties; 3) sowing and raising seedlings; 4) planting; 5) managing the field; 6) and (6) harvesting at proper time. The method is mainly based on the complementarity of the chrysanthemum nankingense plant types of the long-stalk crops and the corn and the short-stalk crops on the space structure, optimizes the group structure of the crops through the field distribution pattern of the corn/chrysanthemum nankingense structural units, and fully utilizes natural resources such as soil, moisture, illumination and the like. The method can solve the problems of unbalanced soil nutrient element consumption, low natural resource utilization rate, low economic benefit per unit area and the like in the common corn cultivation method, can inhibit corn weeds by using the growth of the chrysanthemum nankingense, reduces the use of herbicides and the labor cost input, protects the environment and improves the income of farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency cultivation method for intercropping chrysanthemum nankingense by corn.
Background
The corn has higher nutritive value and is an excellent grain crop. As a high-yield grain crop in China, corn is an important feed source for animal husbandry, breeding industry and the like, wherein fresh corn is also a functional food for supplementing folic acid for pregnant women and children, and is essential for maintaining normal physiological functions of human bodies. The corn has the nutrition and the unique flavor which are loved and favored by more and more people, and the corn also has great potential in the aspects of adjusting the structure, changing the mode and increasing the benefit. The chrysanthemum nankingense is a kindred plant of chrysanthemum of Compositae and herb, has rich nutrition, contains not only nutrient substances such as protein, fat, cellulose, vitamin and the like, but also flavonoid and volatile oil, has special aroma, can be eaten by various methods, can be fried to eat, cold mixed with sauce or boiled in soup, and is a wild vegetable with development prospect. In the corn planting process, the weed damage is one of the important factors causing the yield reduction of the corn. The chemical herbicide has fast and good effect, and is widely applied in the main corn producing area in China. With the use of a large amount of chemical herbicides, environmental safety and ecological safety are threatened to a certain extent, and the problems of destruction of the chemical herbicides on farmland biodiversity resources and drug resistance of weeds have attracted attention of countries all over the world.
The appropriate intercropping mode can reduce the density of weeds without reducing the yield of gramineous crops, and the chrysanthemum nankingense grows fast to form space competition with the weeds, so that the control effect on the weeds, such as crab grass, goosegrass, redroot amaranth, purslane and the like, which frequently occur in a corn field is obvious, the dosage of a herbicide is effectively reduced, the economic benefit of the chrysanthemum nankingense is high, and the income of farmers can be obviously improved while the corn yield is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an efficient cultivation method for intercropping chrysanthemum nankingense by corn, which utilizes the intercropping of corn and chrysanthemum nankingense, optimizes the field space distribution, systematically improves the utilization efficiency of crops on natural resources such as land, moisture, illumination and the like, improves the economic benefit of unit area and increases the income of farmers; on one hand, the chrysanthemum nankingense has the characteristics of easy cultivation and fast growth, can inhibit the growth of weeds in a corn field, reduces the use and labor input of herbicides, saves the cost and protects the ecological environment so as to realize agricultural sustainable development.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
an efficient cultivation method for intercropping chrysanthemum nankingense by corn comprises the following steps:
1) land selection and land preparation: and selecting a land block with a thick plough layer, high fertility, good water retention, fertilizer retention and water drainage, and deeply ploughing and preparing the land, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-30 cm. Applying commercial organic fertilizer and potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15), then carrying out rotary tillage and raking on soil, preparing soil and building furrows, wherein the furrow width is 160-35 cm, the furrow width is 25-35cm, and the furrow height is 20-25 cm.
2) Variety selection: the corn is selected according to local environment, and the variety type with high quality, high yield, disease and pest resistance, strong lodging resistance, good tightness and good commodity performance is selected; the chrysanthemum nankingense adopts healthy old stakes without diseases and pests for cuttage propagation.
3) Sowing and seedling raising: selecting a place which faces the sun (increasing illumination time) and is leeward (increasing temperature and preserving soil moisture) near the planting field as a seedling raising field. The nutrient soil is prepared from humus soil and decomposed organic fertilizer according to a certain proportion, ammonium bicarbonate is avoided, baking-free seedlings are obtained, the nutrient soil is finely ground and fully and uniformly stirred, and then the mixture is filled into a plug tray. The selected high-quality corn seeds are soaked and germinated before sowing, and the seeds can be sown after exposing out of white (the seedbed needs to be disinfected and watered one day before sowing). During sowing, one seed is put in each block area of the seedbed, the radicle faces downwards, then soil is covered, watering is carried out to ensure that the soil is moist, finally an arch shed and a mulching film are covered, the water quantity is controlled after seedling emergence, and excessive growth is prevented. Chrysanthemum nankingense is subjected to plug cutting propagation, healthy and disease and insect-free tender tips or tender stems of 8-10cm are obliquely cut from a robust stock plant to serve as cutting strips, 3-4 leaves are reserved, and the cutting strips are cut in a seedbed.
4) Planting: starting drought hardening seedlings when the length of the jade reaches two leaves and one heart, enabling the seedlings to adapt to the external environment, and then transplanting, wherein the optimal transplanting time is from two leaves and one heart to three leaves and one heart, and does not exceed four leaves and one heart at the latest. Transplanting the chrysanthemum nankingense when 3-4 true leaves grow out from the seedlings, planting 3-4 chrysanthemum nankingense in each hole, and watering root fixing water thoroughly after planting. In field layout, a plot consists of a plurality of corn/chrysanthemum nankingense structural units, each structural unit is a rectangle of 40cm x 50cm (the corn plant spacing is 40cm, the line spacing is 50cm), namely, a corn is planted at four corners of the rectangle, and the chrysanthemum nankingense is planted at the middle point of 4 sides and the central point where diagonal lines meet.
5) Field management: watering once after field planting, applying urea once in each plant hole after the corns survive, applying fertilizer laterally to the side edge of the corn seedling by 10-12cm, applying fertilizer at the depth of 8-10cm, and applying urea once in each plant hole when 10-12 leaves are visible, and watering once respectively in a seedling stage, a jointing stage, a heading stage and a grouting stage.
6) Harvesting in due time: the maize harvest optimum period is the physiological mature period, the yield is the highest at the moment, and the indexes are as follows: the harvest stage is the development of a black powder layer (melanin precipitation) under the kernel embryo. When the plant height of the chrysanthemum nankingense is 12cm-15cm, harvesting for the first time, shearing tender tips by using scissors or picking tender tips by hands during harvesting, harvesting once every 10-15 days, reserving lateral buds at the lower part during harvesting, keeping enough bud number and ensuring later-period yield.
As a preferred technical scheme: when the soil is turned over in the step 1), each 667m21500kg of commercial organic fertilizer and 40kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) are applied to the land.
As a preferred technical scheme: the corn variety in the step 2) is 'agricultural jade 368', 'fresh jade glutinous No. 4' or 'Suke glutinous No. 6', and the like, and the germination rate of the seeds is more than or equal to 95%, the purity is more than or equal to 98%, and the purity is more than or equal to 98%; the chrysanthemum nankingense is a local common wild vegetable variety.
As a preferred technical scheme: the nutrient soil in the step 3) is prepared from humus soil and commercial organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 10: 1.
As a preferred technical scheme: in the step 3), after the corn is sowed and covered with soil, the seedbed is kept at enough humidity and watered in time, and the temperature is controlled between 20 and 25 ℃.
As a preferred technical scheme: the cuttage depth of the chrysanthemum nankingense in the step 3) is 4-5 cm.
As a preferred technical scheme: the transplanting in the step 4) is carried out after the noon in sunny days, in cloudy days or in rainy days.
As a preferred technical scheme: the amount of urea applied in step 5) is each 667m2 15kg。
The method is mainly based on the complementarity of the chrysanthemum nankingense plant types of the long-stalk crops and the corn and the short-stalk crops on the space structure, optimizes the group structure of the crops through the field distribution pattern of the corn/chrysanthemum nankingense structural units, and fully utilizes natural resources such as soil, moisture, illumination and the like.
The method can solve the problems of unbalanced soil nutrient element consumption, low natural resource utilization rate, low economic benefit per unit area and the like in the common corn cultivation method, can inhibit corn weeds by using the growth of the chrysanthemum nankingense, reduces the use of herbicides and the labor cost input, protects the environment and improves the income of farmers.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention relates to an efficient cultivation method for intercropping corn and chrysanthemum nankingense, which is simple, low in cost, strong in practicability, easy to popularize and capable of effectively improving economic benefits of unit area.
(2) The method provided by the invention intercrops the corn of the long-stalk crop and the chrysanthemum nankingense of the short-stalk crop, forms the field structure layout of the corn/chrysanthemum nankingense structural unit, optimizes the spatial distribution, indirectly enlarges the planting area of the crop by the cultivation method, and systematically improves the utilization efficiency of natural resources such as land, moisture, illumination and the like.
(3) The invention adopts the variety types with high quality, high yield, disease and pest resistance, strong lodging resistance, good tightness resistance and good commodity performance, the planting density of the variety types is basically consistent with that of the single cropping planting method of the corn, the output of the chrysanthemum nankingense is increased under the condition of keeping the yield of the corn not to be reduced, the yield and the benefit of the crop on a unit area are obviously improved, and the yield increasing and efficiency increasing advantages are obvious.
(4) The invention utilizes the growth of the chrysanthemum nankingense to inhibit the corn weeds, reduces the use of herbicides and the labor cost investment, protects the environment and simultaneously improves the income of farmers.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example 1 efficient cultivation method for intercropping of corn and chrysanthemum nankingense
1) Land selection and land preparation: and selecting a land block with a thick plough layer, high fertility, good water retention, fertilizer retention and water drainage, and deeply ploughing and preparing the land, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-30 cm. Each 667m2Applying 1500kg of commercial organic fertilizer and 40kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) to the soil, then carrying out rotary tillage and raking on the soil, preparing the soil and building furrows, wherein the furrow width is 210cm, the furrow width is 25-35cm, and the furrow height is 20-25 cm.
2) Variety selection: the corn is selected from a fresh corn No. 4 sweet glutinous type corn variety with high quality, high yield, disease and pest resistance, strong lodging resistance, good tightness and good commodity performance (the seed germination rate is more than or equal to 95 percent, the purity is more than or equal to 98 percent, and the purity is more than or equal to 98 percent); the chrysanthemum nankingense adopts healthy old stakes without diseases and pests for cuttage propagation.
3) Sowing and seedling raising: the sunny and leeward place is selected as a seedling raising place in the test field. The nutrient soil is prepared from humus soil and decomposed organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 10:1, is fully and uniformly stirred after being thinned, and is then filled into a plug tray. Before sowing, the corn seeds are soaked and germinated, and the seeds are exposed to the white color for sowing (the seedbed needs to be disinfected and watered one day before sowing). During sowing, one seed is put in each block area of the seedbed, the radicle faces downwards, then soil is covered, watering is carried out in time to ensure that the soil is moist, the temperature is controlled between 20 and 25 ℃, finally an arched shed and a mulching film are covered, the water quantity is controlled after seedling emergence, and excessive growth is prevented. Chrysanthemum nankingense is subjected to plug cutting propagation, healthy and disease and insect-free tender tips or tender stems of 8-10cm are obliquely cut from a robust stock plant to serve as cutting strips, 3-4 leaves are reserved, and the cutting strips are cut in a seedbed at a cutting depth of 4-5 cm.
4) Planting: starting drought hardening seedlings when the length of the jade reaches two leaves and one heart, enabling the seedlings to adapt to the external environment, then transplanting, wherein the transplanting is carried out in the afternoon of a sunny day, in a cloudy day or in a rainy day, and the optimal transplanting time is from two leaves and one heart to three leaves and one heart, and does not exceed four leaves and one heart at the latest. Transplanting the chrysanthemum nankingense when 3-4 true leaves grow out from the seedlings, planting 3-4 chrysanthemum nankingense in each hole, and watering root fixing water thoroughly after planting. In field layout, a plot consists of a plurality of corn/chrysanthemum nankingense structural units, each structural unit is a rectangle of 40cm x 50cm (the corn plant spacing is 40cm, the line spacing is 50cm), namely, a corn is planted at four corners of the rectangle, and the chrysanthemum nankingense is planted at the middle point of 4 sides and the central point where diagonal lines meet.
5) Field management: watering once after field planting, applying urea once in each plant hole after the corns live, wherein the using amount is 667m215 kg. And laterally applying the fertilizer to the side of the corn seedling by 10-12cm, applying the fertilizer at the depth of 8-10cm, applying urea once in each plant hole when 10-12 leaves are visible, and watering once respectively in the seedling stage, the jointing stage, the heading stage and the grouting stage.
6) Harvesting in due time: the maize harvest optimum period is the physiological mature period, the yield is the highest at the moment, and the indexes are as follows: the harvest stage is the development of a black powder layer (melanin precipitation) under the kernel embryo. When the plant height of the chrysanthemum nankingense is 12cm-15cm, harvesting for the first time, shearing tender tips by using scissors or picking tender tips by hands during harvesting, harvesting once every 10-15 days, reserving lateral buds at the lower part during harvesting, keeping enough bud number and ensuring later-period yield.
Comparative example 1 cultivation method of conventional corn single crop
1) Land selection and land preparation: and selecting a land block with a thick plough layer, high fertility, good water retention, fertilizer retention and water drainage, and deeply ploughing and preparing the land, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-30 cm. Each 667m2Applying 1500kg of commercial organic fertilizer and 40kg of potassium sulfate ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) to the soil, then carrying out rotary tillage and harrowing on the soil, preparing the soil and building furrows,the ridge width is 160-210cm, the furrow width is 25-35cm, and the ridge height is 20-25 cm.
2) Variety selection: the corn is selected from a fresh corn variety of corn No. 4 sweet glutinous type with high quality, high yield, disease and pest resistance, strong lodging resistance, good tightness and good commodity performance (the seed germination rate is more than or equal to 95 percent, the purity is more than or equal to 98 percent, and the purity is more than or equal to 98 percent).
3) Sowing and seedling raising: the sunny and leeward place is selected as a seedling raising place in the test field. The nutrient soil is prepared from humus soil and decomposed organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 10:1, is fully and uniformly stirred after being thinned, and is then filled into a plug tray. Before sowing, the corn seeds are soaked and germinated, and the seeds are exposed to the white color for sowing (the seedbed needs to be disinfected and watered one day before sowing). During sowing, one seed is put in each block area of the seedbed, the radicle faces downwards, then soil is covered, watering is carried out in time to ensure that the soil is moist, the temperature is controlled between 20 and 25 ℃, finally an arched shed and a mulching film are covered, the water quantity is controlled after seedling emergence, and excessive growth is prevented.
4) Planting: starting drought hardening seedlings when the length of the jade reaches two leaves and one heart, enabling the seedlings to adapt to the external environment, then transplanting, wherein the transplanting is carried out in the afternoon of a sunny day, in a cloudy day or in a rainy day, and the optimal transplanting time is from two leaves and one heart to three leaves and one heart, and does not exceed four leaves and one heart at the latest.
5) Field management: watering once after field planting, applying urea once in each plant hole after the corns live, wherein the using amount is 667m215 kg. And laterally applying the fertilizer to the side of the corn seedling by 10-12cm, applying the fertilizer at the depth of 8-10cm, applying urea once in each plant hole when 10-12 leaves are visible, and watering once respectively in the seedling stage, the jointing stage, the heading stage and the grouting stage.
6) Harvesting in due time: the maize harvest optimum period is the physiological mature period, the yield is the highest at the moment, and the indexes are as follows: the harvest stage is the development of a black powder layer (melanin precipitation) under the kernel embryo.
Example 2 influence of efficient cultivation method for intercropping chrysanthemums from corn on corn weeds
1. Materials and methods
1.1 test materials: the test site is selected from Yangxi town base of vegetable science institute Jiangning district of Nanjing city of Jiangsu province, and the test time is 4 months in 2019The test soil is yellow brown soil, and the basic nutrient content is as follows: organic matter 44.32g kg-1108.06 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen-1137 mg/kg of available phosphorus-1Quick-acting potassium 289 mg/kg-1And the soil pH is 6.33. The tested corn variety is fresh Yunuo No. 4, and the chrysanthemum nankingense is transplanted by cutting and seedling with old piles. The organic fertilizer is purchased from Nantong Heilong biological organic fertilizer company Limited, the total nutrient is more than or equal to 5 percent, the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is produced by Selt fertilizer industry company Limited in Anhui province.
1.2 experimental design: the test field was divided into two places, one of which was the conventional corn single crop cultivation method of comparative example 1, code CK. One of the fields is provided with the number T, the field is composed of a plurality of corn/chrysanthemum nankingense structural units, each structural unit is a rectangle of 40cm x 50cm (the corn plant spacing is 40cm, the line spacing is 50cm), namely, a corn is planted at four corners of the rectangle, the chrysanthemum nankingense is fixedly planted at the middle point of 4 sides and the central point where the diagonals meet, and two experimental lands are consistent in field management in the planting process.
1.3 measurement method: randomly surveying 5 points along the diagonal line in the T group and the CK group respectively in the jointing stage, the flare stage and the maturation stage of the corn, wherein the survey area of each point is 0.25m2Pulling out all weeds in the investigation area, recording the number of the weeds according to the species, taking the average number to calculate the plant control effect, respectively weighing the fresh weight of the weeds according to the species of the weeds, taking the average number to calculate the fresh weight control effect, and analyzing the control effect of the efficient cultivation method of the corn intercropping chrysanthemum nankingense on the corn weeds.
And harvesting the corns in a grading manner according to the mature condition in the harvesting period of the corns, weighing to obtain the yield, measuring the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein and vitamin C of the corns in time, harvesting the chrysanthemum nankingense in a grading manner, weighing, and calculating the economic benefit.
Plant control effect (%) - (number of weed plants in blank control zone-number of weed plants in treated zone)/number of weed plants in blank control zone × 100
Fresh weight control (%) - (fresh weight of weeds in blank control area-fresh weight of weeds in treated area)/fresh weight of weeds in blank control area x 100
The content of soluble sugar is determined by a Fisher reagent titration method, the content of soluble protein is determined by a Coomassie brilliant blue method, and the content of vitamin C is determined by a 2, 6-dichloroindophenol titration method.
2. Results and analysis
2.1 analysis of the yield of Chrysanthemum nankingense treatment in corn monoculture and corn intercropping
TABLE 1 corn field yield and economic benefits under different cultivation modes
Note: the selling price of the sweet waxy corn is 3 yuan kg-1The price of chrysanthemum nankingense is 6 yuan kg-1
As can be seen from Table 1, the corn and chrysanthemum nankingense intercropping treatment has the advantages that the corn yield is increased compared with the corn single cropping treatment, and the intercropped chrysanthemum nankingense has the advantages of long harvesting period, more harvesting times and high selling price, so that the economic benefit of each mu of corn fields is obviously improved, the yield per mu is increased by 2496 yuan, and the yield increasing effect is obvious.
2.2 corn quality analysis of Chrysanthemum nankingense treatment in corn Single crop and corn intercropping
TABLE 2 quality of corn in different cultivation modes
As can be seen from Table 2, the intercropping treatment of corn and chrysanthemum nankingense improves the vitamin C content by 41.7%, the crude starch content by 3.6%, the soluble sugar content by 6.2% and the soluble protein content by 14.2% compared with the single cropping treatment of corn.
2.3 analysis of weeds treated by Chrysanthemum nankingense in corn Single crop and corn intercropping
2.3.1 types and relative Density of corn weeds in different cultivation modes
TABLE 3 species and relative density of weeds in various stages of corn under different cultivation modes (unit: 0.25m for plant)-2)
As can be seen from Table 3, the total of 8 weeds in the corn field belong to the families of Gramineae, Portulacaceae, Amaranthaceae, Euphorbiaceae and the like, and the generation species and the relative density of the CK corn single crop treated weeds in each period of corn are higher than those of the T corn intercropping chrysanthemum nankingense.
2.3.2 high-efficiency cultivation method of corn intercropping Chrysanthemum nankingense on corn weed
TABLE 4 corn intercropping Chrysanthemum nankingense high-efficiency cultivation method for preventing corn weeds
As can be seen from Table 4, the efficient cultivation method of corn intercropping chrysanthemum nankingense has good prevention and control effects on corn weeds. In each period of corn, the method keeps higher plant number control effect and fresh weight control effect on corn weeds, wherein the weed control effect is the best in the mature period of the corn, the plant number control effect and the fresh weight control effect respectively reach 87.64 percent and 90.28 percent, the growth of the weeds is effectively reduced, and more resources such as nutrients, light and heat and the like are strived for the growth of target crops.
Claims (8)
1. An efficient cultivation method of corn intercropping chrysanthemum nankingense is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) land selection and land preparation: selecting a land block with a thick plough layer, high fertility, good water retention, fertilizer retention and water drainage, and deeply ploughing and preparing the land, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-30 cm; applying commercial organic fertilizer and 15-15-15 potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer, then carrying out rotary tillage and raking on the soil, preparing soil and building furrows, wherein the furrow width is 160-35 cm, the furrow width is 25-35cm, and the furrow height is 20-25 cm;
2) variety selection: the corn is selected according to local environment, and the variety type with high quality, high yield, disease and pest resistance, strong lodging resistance, good tightness and good commodity performance is selected; the chrysanthemum nankingense adopts healthy old stakes without diseases and pests for cuttage propagation;
3) sowing and seedling raising: selecting sunny and leeward parts near a planting field as seedling growing fields, preparing nutrient soil by using humus soil and decomposed organic fertilizer according to a proportion, avoiding using ammonium bicarbonate to burn-free seedlings, finely grinding the nutrient soil, fully stirring uniformly, and then filling the mixture into a plug tray; soaking and accelerating germination of the selected high-quality corn seeds before sowing, sowing the seeds after the seeds are exposed, and disinfecting and watering the seedbed one day before sowing; during sowing, placing one seed in each block area of the seedbed, enabling radicles to face downwards, then covering soil, watering to ensure that the soil is moist, finally covering an arched shed and a mulching film, controlling water quantity after seedling emergence and preventing excessive growth; performing plug-seedling cuttage on the chrysanthemum nankingense, obliquely cutting healthy 8-10cm tender tips or tender stems without diseases and pests from a robust stock plant to serve as cuttage branches, reserving 3-4 leaves, and cuttage the cuttage branches in a seedbed;
4) planting: starting drought hardening seedlings when the length of the jade reaches two leaves and one heart, enabling the seedlings to adapt to the external environment, and then transplanting, wherein the optimal transplanting time is from two leaves and one heart to three leaves and one heart, and does not exceed four leaves and one heart at the latest; transplanting chrysanthemum nankingense when 3-4 true leaves grow out from the seedlings, planting 3-4 chrysanthemum nankingense in each hole, and watering root fixing water thoroughly after planting; in field layout, a plot consists of a plurality of corn/chrysanthemum nankingense structural units, each structural unit is a rectangle of 40cm x 50cm, namely, a corn strain is planted at four corners of the rectangle, and chrysanthemum nankingense is fixedly planted at the center point where the midpoints of 4 sides and the diagonal lines meet; the growth of chrysanthemum nankingense is utilized to inhibit corn weeds;
5) field management: watering once after field planting, applying urea once in each plant hole after the corns survive, applying fertilizer laterally to the side edge of the corn seedling by 10-12cm, applying the fertilizer at the depth of 8-10cm, and applying urea once in each plant hole when 10-12 leaves are visible, and watering once respectively in a seedling stage, a jointing stage, a heading stage and a grouting stage;
6) harvesting in due time: the maize harvest optimum period is the physiological mature period, the yield is the highest at the moment, and the indexes are as follows: the harvest stage is that a black powder layer appears under the seed embryo; when the plant height of the chrysanthemum nankingense is 12cm-15cm, harvesting for the first time, shearing tender tips by using scissors or picking tender tips by hands during harvesting, harvesting once every 10-15 days, reserving lateral buds at the lower part during harvesting, keeping enough bud number and ensuring later-period yield.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: when the soil is turned over in the step 1), each 667m21500kg of commercial organic fertilizer and 40kg of 15-15-15 potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer are applied to the land.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the corn variety in the step 2) is 'agricultural jade 368', 'fresh corn No. 4' or 'Suke glutinous No. 6', the germination rate of the seeds is more than or equal to 95%, the purity is more than or equal to 98%, and the purity is more than or equal to 98%; the chrysanthemum nankingense is a local common wild vegetable variety.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the nutrient soil in the step 3) is prepared from humus soil and commercial organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 10: 1.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), after the corn is sowed and covered with soil, the seedbed is kept at enough humidity and watered in time, and the temperature is controlled between 20 and 25 ℃.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the cuttage depth of the chrysanthemum nankingense in the step 3) is 4-5 cm.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the transplanting in the step 4) is carried out after the noon of a sunny day, a cloudy day or a rainy day.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the amount of urea applied in step 5) is each 667m2 15kg。
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