CN109042162A - A kind of implantation methods that fresh edible maize yields two crops a year - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods that fresh edible maize yields two crops a year Download PDFInfo
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- CN109042162A CN109042162A CN201810936763.5A CN201810936763A CN109042162A CN 109042162 A CN109042162 A CN 109042162A CN 201810936763 A CN201810936763 A CN 201810936763A CN 109042162 A CN109042162 A CN 109042162A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
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Abstract
The invention belongs to fresh edible maize planting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods that fresh edible maize yields two crops a year.The implantation methods that fresh edible maize of the present invention yields two crops a year, by being fermented using the modified straw for being layered on bottom of trench to improve ground temperature, make it suitable for seed development, improve plant strain growth speed, so as to the time advance that will be sowed in spring, enough growth times are left for summer sowing, realize the plantation of two crops a year fresh edible maize, and the high yield of corn and high-quality has been effectively ensured.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fresh edible maize planting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of plantation side that fresh edible maize yields two crops a year
Method.
Background technique
Fresh edible maize is also referred to as fruit corn, refers to the main of young green corn with flavour and quality and corn
One of type is compared with conventional corn, it has the characteristics that sweet tea, glutinous, tender, fragrant.Fresh edible maize divides from quality to be had corn, surpasses
Corn, sweet-waxy maizes etc.；Dividing from seed coat color has black, purple, yellow, white etc..Fresh edible maize is eaten through boiling can
To enrich the diet structure of urban and rural residents, 8 kinds of amino acid, protein, sugar and multivitamin necessary to the mankind are provided.With people
People's improvement of living standard, demand of the market to fresh edible maize is also increasing, and development fresh edible maize is both in adjustable corn
Portion's industrial structure can also significantly improve peasant economy income.
Currently, the plantation of fresh edible maize is divided into spring sowing and two kinds of summer sowing, but before people to the degree of recognition of fresh edible maize not
Height, market capacity is limited, generally can be according to market conditions intermission seeding to avoid that listing is concentrated to lead to market saturation.The general spring
Date of seeding, is more demanding to the soil moisture and temperature, when sowing generally require the ground temperature of 5-10cm upper soll layer stablize 10 DEG C with
On, and temperature is stablized at 12 DEG C or more, therefore, the time usually sowed in spring is cannot to shift to an earlier date, this also results in fresh edible maize can only
The plantation being harvested for one time each year affects the listing phase of fresh edible maize.Currently, being mostly to promote fresh edible maize precocious and listing ahead of time
By the way of covering with ground sheeting or culturing and transplanting seedlings.But as market is to the approval of fresh edible maize and the diversification of processing method,
Market is increasing to the demand of fresh edible maize, and existing intermission seeding, single cropping seeding method have been unable to meet demand, because
How this, realize that corn seeding in two seasons of one year has become the major subjects of current crop planting area research.
Summary of the invention
For this purpose, technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in a kind of implantation methods that fresh edible maize yields two crops a year are provided,
To realize the plantation of fresh edible maize two crops a year, to improve its yield.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the implantation methods that a kind of fresh edible maize of the present invention yields two crops a year, including such as
Lower step:
(1) selected target plot after turning over to target plot, applies base manure；
(2) after according to select row away from ditching, stalk layer and soil layer are laid in bottom of trench；
(3) high-quality fresh food corn variety is selected, seed is pre-processed, and sows in spring in the beginning of April, and in seed
Top is provided with thanks to nest, using described in covering with ground sheeting lose nest；
(4) timely site preparation after Spring maize seeding harvest, and sow second season summer sowing fresh edible maize；
(5) the summer sowing fresh edible maize fruit ear is harvested in due course, and harvesting corn stalk in time.
In the step (1), the base manure includes chicken manure organic fertilizer, and applied amount is 0.4-0.6 tons/mu.
In the step (2), the stalk is modified straw, and specific modification procedure includes: that the stalk of not decomposed mistake is former
After material is broken plus water-wet is moistened；Then addition composite bacteria agent, nitrogen source nutritional agents and water carry out spice to get.
The composite bacteria agent includes at least one of high temperature monad, bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma；
The nutritional agents includes at least one of ammonium hydrogen carbonate and urea；
The additive amount of the composite bacteria agent is the 0.25-0.4wt% of the stalk weight；
The additive amount of the nutritional agents is the 0.5-2wt% of the stalk weight；
The additive amount of the water is the 85-100wt% of the stalk weight.
In the step (2), the stalk layer with a thickness of 8-12cm, the thickness of the layer is 18-22cm.
In the step (3), in the spring sowing step, the line-spacing for controlling plantation is 55-65 centimetres, and spacing in the rows is 25-30 lis
Rice.
In the step (3), the spring sowing step uses monoseeding mode, and nest is lost in setting above seed, utilizes
Nest is lost described in covering with ground sheeting, punches after seed sprouting in ground film surface, seedling is made to pass through fenestra continued growth.
It further include synchronous apply again in the spring sowing fresh edible maize plantation and/or the summer sowing fresh edible maize plantation step
The step of Hefei, and the step of the osculum phase adding urea.
In the compound fertilizer, the proportion of N:P:K is 15:15:15.
It further include field management in the spring sowing fresh edible maize plantation and/or the summer sowing fresh edible maize plantation step
Step specifically includes tillage and weeding, pumping smallpox is watered in time to the pustulation period, pustulation period foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate of pollinating is molten
Tassel and prevention and treatment pest and disease damage are cut after liquid, pollination.
The implantation methods that fresh edible maize of the present invention yields two crops a year are realized fresh by way of the time advance that will sow in spring
Eat the two crops a year plantation of corn.And in order to overcome the problems, such as that low temperature caused by spring sowing time advance is low, the present invention program utilizes
The modified straw for being layered on bottom of trench ferments to improve ground temperature, makes it suitable for seed development, improves plant strain growth speed, so as to by the spring
The time advance broadcast leaves enough growth times for summer sowing, realizes the plantation of two crops a year fresh edible maize；And when planting, this
Scheme of the invention above seed setting lose nest and by way of covering mulch, can make thanks to nest become an easy small greenhouse,
Isothermal holding can be carried out to corn seed, promote corn seed growth, after seed sprouting passes through fenestra, using mulch to plant
Root is further kept the temperature and moisturizing；The method of the invention more passes through the nutritional supplementation for applying base manure and reasonable top dressing, guarantees beautiful
The fertilizer supply in rice growth period, while cooperating effective field management, guarantees the high yield of corn and high-quality.
Data show, plant fresh edible maize according to the method for the present invention, first season fresh edible maize April 1 under the conditions of unmatched stubble
Day mulch sowing, July 1 to completions on July 5 harvest, and average breeding time is 82 days, and commodity fringe yield is averaged 1120.20kg/
Mu；Sowing on fresh edible maize June 27 second season harvests for September 7 days to September 11st, and average breeding time is 73 days, average commodity fringe
809.83kg/ mus of yield, wheat, conventional corn two crops a year cropping pattern are compared, under two crops a year fresh edible maize cropping pattern
Economic benefit about improves 20.39%.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Fresh edible maize two crops a year planting experiment described in the present embodiment is selected in corn research institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Longshan
Proving ground (117 ° of 32 ' E, 36 ° of 43 ' N) is implemented, and is specifically sequentially included the following steps:
(1) selected target plot is compared with conventional corn, and requirement of the Waxy Maize to soil is some higher.General choosing
It is deep to select soil layer, uniform soil quality is loose, the preferable plot of retain water and nutrients ability；
String powder reduces Waxy Maize quality and mouthfeel in order to prevent, Waxy Maize be typically chosen space isolation or when
Between isolation implant；Wherein, the different purposes according to Waxy Maize are isolated in space, it is therefore desirable to 200-300m be isolated with other corns
More than, or using the natural isolation barrier such as the woods, hummock, long-stalked crop, play the role of preventing string powder；Time isolation will be fresh
Waxy corn and Other types maize interval sowing are eaten, guarantees that florescence can be separated by 20 days or more；
It is preferably once deep ploughed before planting Waxy Maize, tilling depth 16-25cm.It is miscellaneous that stone etc. is removed behind arable land
Broken leveling is harrowed in plot by object, with realize it is defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, without big lump of earth, selected target plot is in the peripheral 300 meters of ranges of growing area
It does not plant other type corn varieties inside, prevents string kind, influence corn mouthfeel.Target plot is turned over, by 0.5 ton/mu
It applies chicken manure organic fertilizer and makees base manure.
(2) in target plot according to 60 centimetres of line-spacing ditching, every 10 row of cell, row is 7 meters long, and in bottom of trench layer overlay
The stalk of 10cm left and right thickness covers the soil of one layer of 20cm left and right thickness again above stalk；Stalk is preparatory
Processed, treatment process is as follows.
By the stalk of not decomposed mistake, such as wheat straw, straw, maize leaves are manually or Mechanical Crushing, and length is at 5 centimetres
Left and right, later in broken stalk plus water-wet profit, amount of water are 1.5 times of stalk weight, soak 24 hours with
On.By the stalk addition composite bacteria agent after wetting and the nutritional agents as stalk fermentation nitrogen source and water supplement carries out spice.
The 0.25-0.4% that compound bacteria dosage is stalk weight is added, addition nutritional agents is the 0.5-2% of stalk weight, is mended
Water is the 85-100% of stalk weight.The composite bacteria agent is by high temperature monad, bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma etc.
It mixes, the nutritional agents is mixed by ammonium bicarbonate for agricultural use and urea.
(3) first season spring sowing fresh edible maize tested variety is shown in Table 1, and the selection needs of corn variety select to fit according to purpose
When local environment carries out；Picking and Time To Market due to fresh edible maize have larger impact to its price, need to be according to it certainly
Body breeding time length selects arable kind.Liked according to local market consumer to select different colours to eat glutinous jade raw
Rice kind, such as yellow waxy corn, white waxy corn.Local environment is adapted to according to local climate feature, effective accumulated temperature selection
Kind, the kind through country or the authorization of this province are safer reliable；
Need to bask seeds to seed, dress seed etc. before sowing pretreatment, and such as selected corn seed shifts to an earlier date prior to seeding
It carries out germination test and selects fine warm weather prior to seeding to determine application rate, spread seed out continuous solarization 2-3 days, and often
Seed is stirred, it is even to ensure to shine.Seed vitality can be enhanced in this way and improve emergence rate.Having ready conditions can be gone with hand picking seed
Except impurity and broken, moldy kernel, coating agent for seed is then mixed；
It sows in spring within 1st April, in order to improve the commodity rate of the fresh fringe of Waxy Maize, thickness of sowing be should not be too large, generally
It is advisable with 3000 plants/acre to 4000 plants/acre.Depth of planting 3-5cm and the depth it is consistent, fertilizer spraying can also be with culturing and transplanting seedlings；
Spacing in the rows (25-30cm) is determined according to the Suitable Density of each kind, is sowed using monoseeding mode, above seed
Nest is lost in setting, and thanks to nest is that a cave being recessed to below soil is cheated, and depth 5-7cm, bottom is no more than seed planting location.Benefit
Nest is lost described in covering with ground sheeting, punches after seed sprouting in ground film surface, seedling is made to pass through fenestra continued growth.40 are pressed when sowing
Kg/acre synchronous to apply compound fertilizer, compound fertilizer N:P:K proportion is 15:15:15, and the osculum phase imposes 30 kgs/acre of urea.
Field management is after planting carried out in due course, specifically according to tillage and weeding is carried out the case where plot, according to practical feelings
Condition can intertill 2 times, carry out shallow intertillage for the first time when 5-7 leaf generally after seedling, destroy tiller in time, the jointing stage carries out in second
Weeding；It takes out smallpox to water in time to the pustulation period, pustulation period foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate of pollinating cuts hero after pollination
Fringe, while attention control pest and disease damage mainly prevent and treat corn borer, aphid.Physics control measure is selected as far as possible, and the present embodiment selection is outstanding
Hang low toxicity efficiently trapping liquid trapping.
The 1st last month of spring of table 1 broadcasts fresh edible maize group tested variety
(4) spring sowing fresh edible maize fruit ear is harvested by 1 time of table, and harvesting corn stalk in time, to rise to Summer Maize
Stubble；And 5-7 days (June 25 is between June 30) after spring sowing fresh edible maize harvest, timely site preparation, and sowing in time the
Two season fresh edible maize.Summer sowing fresh edible maize tested variety is shown in Table 2, need to equally carry out Seeds preprocess before sowing.Summer Maize is just
Often sowing does not need setting and loses nest and covering mulch.40 kgs/acre of synchronous application compound fertilizers are equally pressed when sowing, the osculum phase chases after
Apply 30 kgs/acre of urea.
The 2nd last month of summer of table 2 broadcasts fresh edible maize group tested variety
| Variety name | Type | Sowing time | Tasseling stage | The spinning phase | Fresh fruit spike picking time | Emergence extremely harvesting number of days |
| 16SU3 | Sweet tea | 7/8 | 8/24 | 8/027 | 9/20 | 74 |
| 16SU5 | Sweet tea | 7/8 | 8/24 | 8/25 | 9/18 | 72 |
| TN | Sweet tea is glutinous | 7/8 | 8/24 | 8/25 | 9/18 | 72 |
| CTN | Sweet tea is glutinous | 7/8 | 8/24 | 8/26 | 9/18 | 72 |
| BN2 | It is white glutinous | 7/8 | 8/27 | 8/30 | 9/22 | 76 |
| HN1 | It is black glutinous | 7/8 | 8/26 | 8/29 | 9/22 | 76 |
| HN2 | It is black glutinous | 7/8 | 8/22 | 8/25 | 9/18 | 72 |
| 16SW3 | It is yellow glutinous | 7/8 | 8/23 | 8/26 | 9/18 | 72 |
| LN002 | It is white glutinous | 7/8 | 8/24 | 8/24 | 9/18 | 72 |
| 16SW2 | It is yellow glutinous | 7/8 | 8/23 | 8/26 | 9/18 | 72 |
| LN6 | It is yellow glutinous | 7/8 | 8/24 | 8/26 | 9/18 | 72 |
(5) field management should also be carried out in due course within the summer sowing phase, concrete measure should be noted the same field of same group with sowing in spring
Between management measure should complete on the same day, avoid because of time Different Effects growth cycle；And summer sowing fresh edible maize is harvested by 2 time of table
Fruit ear, and harvesting corn stalk in time.
In above-mentioned steps (3)-(5), the spring sowing fresh edible maize plantation and/or the summer sowing fresh edible maize plantation step
In, further include the steps that carrying out field management to fresh edible maize according to the prior art, specifically includes tillage and weeding, takes out smallpox to filling
The slurry phase waters in time, cuts tassel and prevention and treatment pest and disease damage etc. after pollinate pustulation period foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, pollination
Step, or field management is carried out according to the prior art, in terms of optionally including following:
1, seedling management
Waxy Maize is known as seedling stage, about 20d-30d or so from the jointing stage is seeded into.Although corn grows hair in seedling stage
It educates relatively slowly, but it not only determines the quantity of nutrition organs, more has to later period nutrient growth, reproductive growth, yield height straight
Connect influence.Waxy Maize needs to reinforce seedling stage field management, realizes that promoting root growth strong sprout, seedlings are uniform and strong by cultivation step appropriate
Purpose.It specifically includes:
Overlay film Maize at Seedling Stage management measure: if it is first after planting covering mulch, to cannot voluntarily bursting mulch children
Seedling wants timely rupture of membranes to put seedling.Fine day noon and cool winds day, preferably cloudy day or afternoon will be avoided by putting seedling.Putting seedling can be with small
Then the hole of knife or bamboo chip standardized a 1-2cm on the mulch above seedling cover thin wet soil again and lock fenestra, to pay special attention to
The blade of seedling is not pushed down.It also to be helped in time if it is punching sowing after first lid mulch if there is fenestra and seedling dislocation
Seedling portals；
It looks into seedling and mends cultivation: being short of seedling and will have a direct impact on later period Fresh spike yield.In order to guarantee enough strain numbers, can exist at seeding time
The edge of a field increases thickness of sowing, for transplanting of being short of seedling.Transplanting is best with corn tri-leaf period, is preferably selected after rain or descends after watering
Strong sprout has been dug with roots and soil and has been put into the hole being short of seedling with shovel or spade, then gently treaded by the noon, is finally covering one layer of void above again
Soil；
Thinning final singling: timely thinning, final singling can be improved maize population uniformity, reduce weak strain diseased plant.Thinning, final singling are such as
Fruit is too early, may continue to diseased plant after final singling, weak strain occurs；If thinning, final singling are too late, seedlings root is staggeredly easy mutual
It influences.Generally start thinning at 3, visible blade, 5 whens start final singling.More serious place occurs for pest and disease damage can be appropriate
Postpone thinning final singling；
Removal tiller: part Waxy Maize has the characteristics that be also easy to produce tiller, not only consumption moisture, nutrient, it is easier to
Trunk diameter growth is influenced, to reduce fresh fringe quality and yield.It must find have tiller that should remove as early as possible check at any time；
Weeding: it can select with the herbicides management of weeds such as Pendimethalin, isopropyl methoxalamine, trefanocide；
Watering: Maize at Seedling Stage drought-resistance ability is preferable, does not need generally to irrigate in the case that soil moisture is good.Appropriate restraining the growth of seedlings can promote
It is pricked under into root system, basal internode shortens thickening, enhances lodging tolerance；
Intertill top dressing: Waxy Maize growth period is shorter, high to fresh fringe quality requirements, so needing early to chase after seed manure.Work as children
Seedling carries out intertillage top dressing when leaf is unfolded up to 7 or so.Intertillage not only can promote seedlings root development with chesson, more can be with
Safety removes weeds in field.Fertilising is based on nitrogenous fertilizer, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: cutworm, thrips, the armyworm common for seedling stage etc. can be dressed seed with seed coat agent at seeding time
Or spread poison bait.
2, ear period management
Corn is referred to as ear period from the jointing stage to the male stage is taken out.Ear period is corn growth most rapid stage, organ building
Most vigorous, especially big bell mouth stage must reinforce fertilizer and water management.It specifically includes:
It goes weak strain diseased plant: in order to keep crop field group uniformity, the weak strain that can not form yield and diseased plant not being allowed to consume water
Point and nutrition, it should pull out as early as possible.Tiller is continued checking, is removed from corn basal part of stem；
Cultivation and banking: ear period can generally intertill 1-2 times, and toy trumpet will be intertilled deeply before the mouth phase, and toy trumpet is preferably ploughed shallowly after the mouth phase.
Ridging may be selected in big bell mouth stage, and general height is no more than 10cm, can combine and carry out with top dressing；
Heavy dressing ear manuer: it is big to grow fast fertilizer requirement in high temperature rainy season for corn ear period many places.It is both full in big bell mouth stage top dressing
Foot Spike development develops the demand to nutrition, moreover it is possible to enhance corn ability resistant to lodging.Instant nitrogenousfertilizer is generally selected in ear period top dressing,
Top dressing needs not hurt maize root system apart from corn row 10cm or so；
Irrigate and drain flooded fields: it is larger that corn ear period consumes moisture, if rainfall is not able to satisfy growth, big bell mouth stage and pumping are male
Front and back will be irrigated in time.Easy ponding plot will early dig a field ditch and drain flooded fields in time in the rainy time；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of Waxy Maize, should be in a manner of physics and biological control based on, such as culture evil
Worm natural enemy, physics trapping etc..These modes still cannot effective disease and pest control when, can take low-residual, low toxicity evil pesticide
Prevention and treatment.
3, flower period management
Corn take out it is male be known as flower period to the stage of ripeness, because fresh edible maize harvests more early, about 22d-26d.It specifically includes:
It adds granulated fertilizer: if before taking out hero instant nitrogenousfertilizer can be imposed in time after taking out hero without top dressing, or spraying leaf
Leaven；
Supple-mentary pollination: corn is cross pollinated plant, in order to improve pollination setting percentage and fresh fringe commodity rate, takes out male florescence
Between can carry out artificial supplementary pollination.Artificial supplementary pollination should pollinate after 8 points of fine day in Cai Fen.
4, suitable period harvest
Waxy Maize is for the purpose of harvesting fresh tes juice, and harvest is too early or all influences fresh fringe quality and mouthfeel too late.Fresh food
Waxy corn optimum harvest date 22d-26d or so generally after pollination.
Experimental example
(1) first season spring sowing fresh edible maize test result
1, different fresh edible maize kind tree characteristics comparisons
The first season sows in spring the tree characteristics situations of different fresh edible maize kinds in test above-described embodiment, and test result is seen below
Table 3.
The 1st season of table 3 difference fresh edible maize kind tree characteristics
As can be seen from Table 3, for trying corn variety, Lu Tian 105 and Suyunuo 2 are flat-type, other kinds compact half
Compact half-and-half；SNN21 plant height highest (280cm), glutinous 123 plant height of helping is most short (175cm), and SNN-15 is secondly, plant height is 184cm；
Remaining experimental cultivar plant height is in 235~270cm.SNN21 fringe position highest (141cm), SNN-15 fringe position is minimum (60cm), remaining
Experimental cultivar Ear height is in 95~138cm.Help glutinous 123 dual spike rate it is maximum, be 11.58%, followed by Shandong glutinous 004, dual spike rate
It is minimum for 10.46%, SNN-15, dual spike rate 0%.It is 0 for examination corn variety sky bar rate, lodging rate and the rate of falling folding.
2, different fresh edible maize kind cooking quality scoring comparisons
The first season sows in spring the cooking qualities of different fresh edible maize kinds in test above-described embodiment, and test result see the table below 4.
The scoring of the 1st season of table 4 difference fresh edible maize kind cooking quality
From table 4, it can be seen that glutinous 005 highest in organoleptic quality Shandong (28 points), SNN25 minimum (25 points)；Smell flavor SNN-
15 is minimum, other kind smell flavors are all between 15-16；SNN21, Shandong be glutinous 005, Lu Tian 105 and Suyunuo 2 color most
A height of 7 points, other variety colour degree 6 divide；Shandong is glutinous 005, Ji is glutinous 123, sugariness/glutinous degree of Ji glutinous 133 and Shandong glutinous 004 is best；
SNN21, glutinous 123, Ji glutinous 133 of helping and tenderness preferably 9 points of Shandong glutinous 004, other kinds are 8 points；Cooking quality overall score with
Shandong is glutinous 005, Lu Tian 105 and glutinous 123 highest (91 points) of Ji, SNN-15 minimum (82 points), the scoring of remaining experimental cultivar cooking quality
In 86-90.
3, different fresh edible maize kind Ear Characters comparisons
The first season sows in spring the Ear Characters of different fresh edible maize kinds in test above-described embodiment, and test result see the table below 5.
The 1st season of table 5 difference fresh edible maize Ear Characters
As can be seen from Table 5, SNTN01 fringe stick longest (22.5cm), SNN-15 fringe stick is most short (17.5cm), other are participated in the experiment
Kind spike length is in 17.75-22cm.Sweet tea 105 fringe stick in Shandong is most thick (5.2cm), and the glutinous 005 fringe stick in Shandong is most thin (4.36cm), other are participated in the experiment
Kind fringe is slightly in 4.45-5.10cm.SNTN01 ear barren tip longest (1.0cm), other tested variety ear barren tips are long in 0-0.5cm.Ginseng
Varieties tassel row number is in 14-16 row.At most (44), help glutinous 133 and Suyunuo 2 row grain for Shandong glutinous 005 and 105 row grain number of Lu Tian
Number is minimum (35), other tested variety row grain numbers are at 38-43.SNTN01 100-grain weight is most heavy (45.08g), SNN-15 hundred
Grain lightest (28.0g), other tested variety 100-grain weights are in 29.19-36.09g.The glutinous 004 seed-producing rate highest (89.5%) in Shandong, Ji
Glutinous 133 seed-producing rate is minimum (68.71%), other tested variety seed-producing rates are in 69.27%-88.23%.
4, different fresh edible maize variety yield comparisons
The first season sows in spring the output conditions of different fresh edible maize kinds in test above-described embodiment, and test result see the table below 6.
The different fresh edible maize yield (the 1st season) of table 6
| Variety name | Commodity fringe yield (kg) | It compares commodity output (kg) | Than CK ± % | Precedence |
| SNN21 | 1112.29 | 1086.34 | 2.39 | 7 |
| SNN25 | 1099.34 | 1086.34 | 1.2 | 9 |
| Shandong glutinous 005 | 1167.82 | 1086.34 | 7.5 | 2 |
| Shandong sweet tea 105 | 1122.67 | 1086.34 | 3.34 | 4 |
| Help glutinous 123 | 1132.02 | 1086.34 | 4.2 | 3 |
| Help glutinous 133 | 1115.17 | 1086.34 | 2.65 | 6 |
| SNTN01 | 1169.12 | 1086.34 | 7.62 | 1 |
| Color glutinous No. 6 of Five Sacred Mountins | 1118.86 | 1086.34 | 2.99 | 5 |
| SNN-15 | 1094.5 | 1086.34 | 0.75 | 10 |
| Shandong glutinous 004 | 1104.11 | 1086.34 | 1.64 | 8 |
| Suyunuo 2 (CK) | 1086.34 | 1086.34 | 0 | 11 |
As can be seen from Table 6, NTN01 commodity fringe per mu yield highest is 1169.12kg, than compareing Suyunuo 2 commodity fringe mu
Production improves 7.62%；It is 1167.82kg/ mus that Shandong glutinous 005, which is only second to NTN01, is improved than control Suyunuo 2 commodity fringe per mu yield
7.50%；Suyunuo 2 commodity fringe per mu yield is minimum, is 1086.34kg/ mus；SNN-15 commodity fringe per mu yield is compared to control Su Yu
Glutinous No. 2 improve only 0.75%；Other tested varieties improve 1.20%-4.20% compared to control Suyunuo 2 per mu yield.
(2) second season summer sowing fresh edible maize test result
1, different fresh edible maize variety yield comparisons
The output condition of different fresh edible maize kinds is broadcast in second season tall building in test above-described embodiment, and test result see the table below 7.
The different fresh edible maize variety yields of table 7
| Kind | Yield per unit area (kg/hm2) | Precedence | Commodity spike number (a/hm2) | Commodity fringe weight (kg/hm2) |
| 16SU3 | 678.52e | 10 | 4000.02ab | 611.85d |
| 16SU5 | 388.15f | 11 | 2370.38c | 342.22e |
| TN | 1053.34abc | 4 | 3407.42bc | 964.45ab |
| CTN | 887.41cde | 7 | 4370.39ab | 743.71cd |
| BN2 | 1078.52abc | 3 | 5111.14ab | 1037.78a |
| HN1 | 793.34de | 9 | 4074.09ab | 640.74cd |
| HN2 | 1146.67a | 1 | 5111.14ab | 1053.34a |
| 16SW3 | 906.67cd | 6 | 4666.69ab | 851.86abc |
| LN002 | 865.19cde | 8 | 4666.69ab | 777.78bcd |
| 16SW2 | 1111.12ab | 2 | 5407.43a | 1038.52a |
| LN6 | 995.56abcd | 5 | 4666.69ab | 845.93abc |
As can be seen from Table 7, in 11 fresh edible maize kinds of participating in the experiment, 1, HN2 yield residence, 1146.67kg/ mus of yield,
16SU5 yield is minimum (388.15kg/ mus), remaining variety yield height sequence be 16SW2, BN2, TN, LN6,16SW3, CTN,
LN002,HN1,16SU3.The results of analysis of variance show HN2,16SW2 yield be significantly higher than LN002,16SW3, HN1, CTN,
16SU5 and 16SU3,16SU3 and 16SU5 yield are extremely significant to be lower than other kinds, and 16SU3 is significantly higher than 16SU5, HN2,16SW2,
Difference is not significant between BN2, TN, LN6.
5407.43/mu of 16SW2 commodity fringe highest, and it is significantly higher than other kinds, followed by HN2 and BN2 are
5111.14/mu, 16SU5 commodity fringe is minimum, is 2370.38/mu, other kinds are in 3407.42~4666.69/mu
Between, and it is all remarkably higher than 16SU5.HN2 commodity fringe weight is maximum, is 1053.34kg/ mus, and the commodity fringe weight of 16SW2 and BN2 are only
Inferior to HN2；16SU5 is minimum, is 342.22kg/ mus.The commodity fringe of HN2,16SW2 and BN2 be all remarkably higher than again 16SU3,
16SU5, CTN, HN1 and LN002, and there was no significant difference between three.
2, different fresh edible maize kind exterior quality scoring comparisons
The exterior quality scoring of different fresh edible maize kinds is broadcast in second season tall building in test above-described embodiment, and test result is seen below
Table 8.
The different fresh edible maize kind exterior quality scorings of table 8
As can be seen from Table 8, exterior quality scores with CTN highest (29 points), 16SU3 and 16SU5 minimum (28 points), remaining
The scoring of kind exterior quality is at 28.5-28.8 points.According to fresh waxy corn exterior quality standards of grading, there is this kind there should be spy
Property, fringe type particle shape is consistent, full seed, and marshalling is close, due color when having milking maturity, and seed is tender, thin skin, substantially
Without ear barren tip, no insect bite, no mildew is not damaged, and bract coating is complete, fresh light green exterior quality, and general scoring is in 27-30
Point, so 11 kind marking are between 28-29, so 11 fresh edible maizes have above-mentioned external appearance characteristic according to standard.
3, different fresh edible maize kind cooking quality scorings
The cooking quality scoring of different fresh edible maize kinds is broadcast in second season tall building in test above-described embodiment, and test result is seen below
Table 9.
The different fresh edible maize kind cooking quality scorings of table 9
As can be seen from Table 9, cooking quality scoring is with CTN highest (62.88 points), HN1 minimum (56.76 points), 16SU3 and
The boiling scoring of 16SU5 is only second to CTN, respectively 60.78 and 60.20, the scoring of remaining experimental cultivar cooking quality 57.14~
59.75。
The data and through comprehensive analysis from upper table 3-9, the first season fresh edible maize under the conditions of unmatched stubble April 1, broadcast by overlay film
Kind, July 1 to completion on July 5 harvests, and average breeding time is 82 days, and commodity fringe yield is averaged 1120.20kg/ mus；The second season
Sowing on fresh edible maize June 27 harvests for September 7 days to September 11st, and average breeding time is 73 days, average commodity fringe yield
809.83kg/ mus, compare wheat, conventional corn two crops a year cropping pattern, economy under two crops a year fresh edible maize cropping pattern
Benefit about improves 20.39%.
Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarifying the description, and does not limit the embodiments.It is right
For those of ordinary skill in the art, can also make on the basis of the above description it is other it is various forms of variation or
It changes.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And it is extended from this it is obvious variation or
It changes still within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. the implantation methods that a kind of fresh edible maize yields two crops a year, which comprises the steps of:
(1) selected target plot after turning over to target plot, applies base manure；
(2) after according to select row away from ditching, stalk layer and soil layer are laid in bottom of trench；
(3) high-quality fresh food corn variety is selected, seed is pre-processed, and sows in spring in the beginning of April, and above seed
Be provided with thanks to nest, using described in covering with ground sheeting lose nest；
(4) timely site preparation after Spring maize seeding harvest, and sow second season summer sowing fresh edible maize；
(5) the summer sowing fresh edible maize fruit ear is harvested in due course, and harvesting corn stalk in time.
2. the implantation methods that fresh edible maize according to claim 1 yields two crops a year, which is characterized in that in the step (1),
The base manure includes chicken manure organic fertilizer, and applied amount is 0.4-0.6 tons/mu.
3. the implantation methods that fresh edible maize according to claim 1 or 2 yields two crops a year, which is characterized in that the step (2)
In, the stalk is modified straw, and specific modification procedure includes: after being crushed the stalk of not decomposed mistake plus water-wet is moistened；With
Add composite bacteria agent afterwards, nitrogen source nutritional agents and water carry out spice to get.
4. the implantation methods that fresh edible maize according to claim 3 yields two crops a year, it is characterised in that:
The composite bacteria agent includes at least one of high temperature monad, bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma；
The nutritional agents includes at least one of ammonium hydrogen carbonate and urea；
The additive amount of the composite bacteria agent is the 0.25-0.4wt% of the stalk weight；
The additive amount of the nutritional agents is the 0.5-2wt% of the stalk weight；
The additive amount of the water is the 85-100wt% of the stalk weight.
5. the implantation methods that fresh edible maize according to claim 3 or 4 yields two crops a year, which is characterized in that the step (2)
In, the stalk layer with a thickness of 8-12cm, the thickness of the layer is 18-22cm.
6. the implantation methods that fresh edible maize according to claim 1-5 yields two crops a year, which is characterized in that the step
Suddenly in (3), in the spring sowing step, the line-spacing for controlling plantation is 55-65 centimetres, and spacing in the rows is 25-30 centimetres.
7. the implantation methods that fresh edible maize according to claim 1-6 yields two crops a year, which is characterized in that the step
Suddenly in (3), the spring sowing step uses monoseeding mode, and nest is lost in setting above seed, loses using described in covering with ground sheeting
Nest punches after seed sprouting in ground film surface, seedling is made to pass through fenestra continued growth.
8. the implantation methods that fresh edible maize according to claim 1-7 yields two crops a year, which is characterized in that the spring
It broadcasts in fresh edible maize plantation and/or the summer sowing fresh edible maize plantation step, further includes the steps that synchronous application compound fertilizer, and
In the step of osculum phase adding urea.
9. the implantation methods that fresh edible maize according to claim 8 yields two crops a year, which is characterized in that in the compound fertilizer,
The proportion of N:P:K is 15:15:15.
10. the implantation methods that -9 described in any item fresh edible maizes yield two crops a year according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
In the plantation of spring sowing fresh edible maize and/or the summer sowing fresh edible maize plantation step, further includes the steps that field management, specifically include
Tillage and weeding, pumping smallpox are watered in time to the pustulation period, are cut after pollinate pustulation period foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, pollination
Tassel and prevention and treatment pest and disease damage.
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| CN114402925A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-29 | 阜阳市农业科学院 | One-year two-season cultivation method for fresh corn |
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