KR101383265B1 - Cultivation method for preventing lodging of crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cultivation method for preventing lodging of main crops in land which easily becomes fragile by a small amount of rainfall by mix-cultivating main crops and soil-bonding crops. According to the present invention, even in reclaimed land where a drainage facility is well installed or fragile land such as fields which topsoil is not thick, lodging of crops such as sunflowers, corns, sorghos, sweat sorghums, sorghums, etc. is prevented or reduced thereby increasing the amount of harvest and making better looking landscape and accordingly being advantageous for cultivating tall crops in fragile farmland.

Description

Cultivation method for preventing the fall of crops {CULTIVATION METHOD FOR PREVENTING LODGING OF CROPS}

The present invention relates to a method for cultivating a large tall plant, such as stems and corollas, which are larger in size than the roots and easily incubate without temporarily weathering.

Land plants maintain life and grow by absorbing water and nutrients from the soil through their roots and by carbonizing them with carbon dioxide and sunlight in the air. The roots allow the plant to stand upright with absorption of nutrients. Depending on the type of plant, there are various things that can be rooted deep into the soil, and not so deep but can spread to the periphery.

However, some crops, such as sunflowers and corn, have taller and heavier stems than the roots, so when rainfall is accompanied by winds in Korea, they are often harvested by rooting. This phenomenon occurs more often in flat terrain consisting of clay soils. This is because the drainage slows down during the rainfall, so the soil is weakened and the power to hold the roots is weakened. Examples of such soils include private lands in which paddy soils are covered with shallow soils and turned into fields, mountainous lands with thin rock layers directly below the topsoil, and reclaimed lands with impermeable soils under landfills such as Saemangeum and Yeongsan Lake. Can be mentioned. Particularly, in the case of reclaimed soil, there are drainage facilities, but due to the nature of the soil, the shallow soil impermeable layer is located in shallow soil or the ground where the ground surface is high due to the high groundwater level. Growth is often hampered.

There are some characteristics of clay soils with drainage facilities, but not deeply impermeable layers, rocky soils located directly under the topsoil, mountainous lands with thin soil layers, or clay soils with high groundwater levels. First, most of the rainfall is lost because the soil voids are easily saturated with moisture even in small rainfall, and nutrients in the soil can be lost by melting in rainwater. Second, clay soils with a deep impermeable layer cannot be replenished, such as rainfall or irrigation, so that all soil moisture evaporates and even capillary water is removed, so plants grown in these soils reach counterfeit points where water can no longer be absorbed. Done.

In particular, salt marshes such as reclaimed land, even if the drainage system is not very shallow in the impermeable layer within 1 meter, clay soils are mostly, the salt contained in the soil inhibits the formation of the soil structure is slow development. Therefore, even with a small amount of rainfall, soil voids are easily saturated, and salt dissolved in soil water ionizes to enhance repulsion between soil particles, thus destroying and eroding the grain structure. In addition, when irrigation is not carried out in a timely manner, the drying proceeds only in a state where water is hardly supplied from the subsoil, so it is changed into a very hard stone ground.

Therefore, in the clay soil having a low impermeable layer or the clay soil having a high groundwater level, which easily receives even in the small amount of rainfall, even a small amount of rainfall is accompanied by strong winds, even when a short plant is often rooted up. . Accordingly, when cultivating plants in such soil, especially land reclaimed land, there is an urgent need for a plant cultivation technology to prevent plants from overturning due to the wind accompanying rainfall.

The present inventors select plants that can grow rapidly after sowing and bind the surrounding soil by creeping stems on the soil surface, and cultivate such plants with the main crop in land that is easily receded by small amounts of rainfall. The present invention has been accomplished by finding a way to prevent the main crop from overturning by the wind even when the soil is softly changed.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is a crop cultivation technology that prevents crops from being overturned by physical force, such as strong winds, when growing crops on land that is easily receded even in small amounts of rainfall such as clay flat land, mountainous land and reclaimed land. To provide.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a plant cultivation method for preventing the fall of the main crop in the land easily receding even a small amount of rainfall, including mixed cultivation of the main crop and soil binding plants.

The cultivation method for the prevention of cultivation according to the present invention prevents or reduces the shedding of crops such as sunflowers, corn, singular sorghum, and sorghum even on land that is easily receded even by a small amount of rainfall, especially in reclaimed land or mountainous lands and fields. This can increase yields and create better landscapes, which can be very advantageous for growing tall crops on soft land.

The present invention provides a method of plant cultivation that prevents the main crop from falling on land that is easily receded by a small amount of rainfall, including mixing and cultivating the main crop and the soil binding plant.

In the plant cultivation method according to the present invention, sowing the soil binding plants to cultivate first, or cultivated so that the roots of the main crops in the net structure consisting of the lap diameter of the soil binding plants by sowing and cultivating the mixed together when sowing the main crops. It is characterized by.

In the present invention, "the land easily receding even in a small amount of rainfall" is mainly composed of clay soil, and an impermeable layer having a very limited water movement is located within 1 meter of the depth at which a typical plant can extend its root in the vertical direction underground. As a result, it refers to land that contains soils where most of the rainwater is drained in case of heavy rainfall or sudden heavy rains. Examples of such lands include immature soils located directly below the topsoil, immature soils, farmland converted to fields by paddy fields where rice has been grown for more than three years, or reclaimed land and rice that has not been established. The swamps are seen in some areas of the cultivated plains.

In the present invention, "dobok" is cultivated on soft ground and refers to a phenomenon in which the ground portion is inclined more than 60 degrees while the plant is rooted up or exposed to the ground by rainstorm, so that the landscape is severely damaged or It refers to the case that causes growth to interfere.

In the present invention, the "main crop" is a crop to be prevented from being a large, tall plant selected from the group consisting of sunflower, corn, singular, sorghum, and combinations thereof, and is characterized by a weak crop. The main crop may be a dicotyledonous or monocotyledonous plant.

In the present invention, "soil binding plant" refers to an annual or perennial plant that grows after germination and very well forms a crawling paper (creeper stem, runner) in the soil surface or soil.

Specifically, in the present invention, the soil binding plant has a growth period similar to that of the main crop, and is shorter than the main crop even when grown as much as possible, having little or no nutrient contention with the main crop, and physiological in growth of the main crop. Preference is given to plants which do not affect.

In the present invention, the soil binding plant is preferably a green manure crop that can be easily composted by cultivation as it is after cultivation, and may be a dicotyledonous or monocotyledonous plant such as a main crop. That is, when the main crop is a dicotyledonous plant, the soil binding plant is also a dicotyledonous plant. When the main crop is a monocotyledonous plant, the soil binding plant may also be a monocotyledonous plant. In particular, when the soil-binding plant is a dicotyledonous or monocotyledonous plant as the main crop, since the selective preparation can be used, it is more preferable because it is advantageous for the control of other weeds.

In the present invention, the soil binding plant is most preferably a plant capable of supplying nutrients due to nitrogen assimilation, as in the case of legumes.

Such soil-binding plants can be used as long as they form well-covered soils, and are shorter than the main crops when grown normally and have less nutrient contention with the main crops, but representative examples thereof include Alsike clover, Trifolium plants such as Red clover, White clover, Subterranean clover, Crimson clover; Bermuda grass, salt grass, Plants and plants such as barley; And plants selected from the group consisting of combinations thereof.

The method of cultivating the anti-cutting plant according to the present invention can prevent raining by weathering by mixing and cultivating the main crop cultivated in the soil which is easily receded by a small amount of rainfall with the soil binding crop.

The method of mixing and cultivating the soil-binding plant and the main crop, 1) a method of seeding the seeds of the main crop and the soil-binding plant together and mixed cultivation; 2) a method of sowing and cultivating the main crop seeds in the soil binding plant cultivation planted by first sowing the soil binding plant seeds; Or 3) sowing the main crop seeds first, and after their seeds germinate, sowing the seed of the soil binding plant can be mixed and grown.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method of cultivating the anti-cutting plant is a method of mixing and sowing and cultivating seeds of the soil binding plant and the main crop, which are not germinated and grow slower than the main crop. Since the soil binding plant according to the present invention is characterized in that it is shorter than the main crop, even if the two plants are simultaneously seeded and germinated at the same time, the soil binding plant shorter than the main crop covers the ground surface and canno The main crop, which forms blood, but has a longer length, grows higher than the soil-binding plant, and thus may not be affected by the main crop. This case corresponds to the case of sowing together sunflower and crimson clover (see Example 1).

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the method of cultivating the anti-doping plant is a method of sowing and cultivating the main crop seeds in the soil binding plant plantation planted by first sowing the soil binding plant seeds, sowing of soil binding plants. And cultivation precedes sowing of the main crop. At this time, the preceding period is adjustable from 1 day to 2 years. The soil binding plant according to the present invention has a slower growth rate than the main crop, but the recovery rate is high even if the plant is physically damaged during the sowing of the main crop due to the large number of populations and high survival rate produced by the crawling ground. Excellent prevention effect. This case corresponds to the case of seeding tall main crops (corn) on very short clover plantations such as white clover or red clover (see Example 3).

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the method of cultivating the anti-cutting plant is sowing the main crop seeds first, and then seeding and cultivating the soil binding plant seeds while the seeds germinate and grow. This can be used when the initial growth rate of the main crop is slow and the growth rate of the soil binding plant is high. This example corresponds to the case where the singular is sown first and the crimson crova or bermuda grass is later sown (see Example 2).

Soil binding plants used in the above three methods germinate easily after sowing, it is preferable that the growth rate is not significantly slower than the main crop so that the soil can be covered soon after sowing.

On the other hand, the method of cultivating the anti-doping plant according to the present invention can adjust the planting density of the main crop and the soil binding plant to maximize the anti-doping effect.

The control method adjusts the planting density of the main crop and the soil binding plant so that sunlight can shine between the main crops so as not to inhibit more than 50% of the growth of the soil binding plant at the time aimed at preventing the main crop's fall. It is characterized by adjusting. Specifically, the soil binding plant is to adjust the planting density in such a way as to increase the planting density the shorter the period from the seeding of the main crop to the target period to prevent the doom, and the lower the longer the planting density of the main crop. desirable.

The optimum range of planting density varies depending on the type of crop, but it is important to maintain the growth rate of the soil binding plant to 80% or less when the main crop grows to the maximum. Do.

To do this, it is preferable to sow the main crop in an amount of 2/5 to 4/5 of the normal recommended seeding amount. In this example, the recommended seeding rate of sunflower seeds for normal lands is 70 cm × 24 cm in normal gyrus and aeration intervals, and 70 cm × 30 cm to 70 cm × 60 cm when cultivating soil-binding plants together. I can regulate it. As another example, the recommended seeding rate of the singular seed for normal land is expressed as ridge spacing and aeration spacing, which is 40 cm x 20 cm in normal cases, and 50 cm x 20 cm to 100 cm x 20 cm when cultivating soil binding plants together. Can be adjusted with As another example, the recommended seeding rate of corn seeds for normal land is shown as ridge spacing and abandonment spacing, which is 60 cm × 30 cm in the normal case, and 60 cm × 40 cm to 60 cm × 50 cm when the soil binding plants are grown together. Can be adjusted with.

In addition, in order to maintain good soil binding efficiency while maintaining a low possibility of nutrient contention with the main crop, it is preferable to plant the soil binding plant in an amount of 1 to 1/20 times the normal recommended seeding amount when sowing as green manure crops. Do. Specifically, when using the method of sowing the main crop and the soil-binding crops at the same time, it is better to seed the soil-binding crops closer to the recommended seeding amount, and if using the method of sowing the soil-binding crops first, the ratio is 1 Can be significantly reduced by up to 20 times.

For example, when sowing crimson crova together in sunflower fields, the recommended seeding rate of crimson crova seeds for normal land is 20 kg per 10 ar, so when planting with the main crop, sowing 1 kg to 20 kg per 10 ar It is desirable to. As another example, when sowing singular and Bermuda grass sowing, the recommended seeding rate of Bermuda grass seeds for normal lands is 10 kg per 10 ar, so when planting with main crops, sowing of 0.5 kg to 10 kg per 10 ar It is desirable to. As another example, when mixing corn and white clover, the recommended seeding rate of white clover seeds for normal land is 2.4 kg per 10 ar, and when grown with main crops, sowing between 0.12 kg and 2.4 kg per 10 ar is used. desirable.

In the present invention, "recommended seeding amount" refers to the seeding amount recommended by seed importers or distributors when sowing plant seeds for newly planted land, and the amount may vary depending on the region and environment.

Thus, the method of the present invention can increase yields by preventing or reducing the main crop's slanting, and can create a more attractive landscape, which is very advantageous for growing tall crops on soft land.

[Example]

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. However, the following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Example 1: Mixed sowing cultivation of crimson clover and sunflower

A field (1,000 m 2, 10 a) in reclaimed land was cultivated in early May, and 2 kg of crimson crova (trade name Bixy, US; 2.5 kg / 10 a sowing seed) was sown. Here, sunflower seeds for maintenance (Nusun, China, germination rate 85%; recommended seeding amount 70 cm × 24 cm) were sown at intervals of 70 cm × 40 cm. For comparison, only sunflower seeds were sown as an untreated control.

In early July, when flowering began 60 days after sowing, the number of subjects incubated after 108 mm of rainfall and 11 m of wind speed for 24 hours was identified, and the yield rate was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

process Evaluation population Erect population % Turnover Untreated control 200 152 54 Crimson Clover Blend Sowing 250 242 3

As can be seen in Table 1, the maintenance sunflower grown in the receding soil was covered with some or all roots up to about 54% even in a storm milder than a typhoon. On the other hand, only 3% of sunflowers grown by sowing together the Crimson Clover, which is a soil binding plant, showed that the anti-doping effect was clear enough that only some roots were exposed.

Example 2: Mixed sowing cultivation of Bermuda grass and singular

In the mid-May, tilled fields (1,000 square meters) were planted in reclaimed land, sowing seeds (traditional species, Korea Bio Energy Crop Center sale; recommended seeding rate 40 cm × 20 cm) were sown. When the singular seeds germinated and reached a height of about 10 cm, Bermuda Grass (cultivar name Sahara, produced in the United States; recommended seeding rate of 10 kg / 10 a) was bred. At this time, the singular seeds were planted one by one at intervals of 60 cm x 20 cm, Bermuda grass was adjusted so that 10 kg per 1,000 square meters sowing. For comparison, only single seed was sown as an untreated control.

About 80 days after sowing, 121 mm of rainfall and 9 m of wind speed per minute were used to grasp the population and calculate the doping rate. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

process Evaluation population Erect population Dorsing rate (%) Untreated control 500 165 67 Bermuda Grass Blend Sowing 500 85 17

As shown in Table 2, when only the singular seedlings were sown, about 67% were incubated, whereas the singular seedlings were seeded first, and the seedlings of Bermuda grass, which are soil binding plants, were later planted together, and only about 17% were grown. By coating, it was found that the method according to the present invention is excellent in preventing the coating.

Example 3: Mixed Cultivation of White Clover and Corn

White clover seeds (trade name Radino, USA) were sown at a level of 2 kg / 10 a in late March and grown for 60 days in reclaimed fields. Corn seeds (chalck no. 4, Nonghyup) were sown as main crops on the white clover plantation. Corn seeds were adjusted at 70 cm × 40 cm intervals in order to control the sunlight so as not to inhibit the growth of white clover by more than 50%. For comparison, only corn seeds were sown as an untreated control.

About 60 days after corn sowing, 85 mm of rainfall and 10 m of wind speed were measured to determine the number of individuals who incubated after minutes, and the yield rate is calculated and the results are shown in Table 3 below.

process Evaluation population Erect population Dorsing rate (%) Untreated control 100 11 89 White Clover Mixed Cultivation 200 186 7

As can be seen in Table 3, when only corn is sown, about 89% of the seedlings are incubated, whereas the white cultivars of soil binding plants are sown first and then sown together, only about 7% of the corn is grown so as to invent the present invention. It can be seen that the method according to the present invention is excellent in anti-doping effect.

Claims (10)

Sunflower seeds as the main crop, Alsike clover, Red clover, White clover, Subterranean clover, Crimson clover as soil binding plants Of sunflowers on land that are easily receded by small amounts of rainfall by planting and planting with plant seeds selected from the group consisting of Alfalfa, Bermuda grass, salt grass, varieties and combinations thereof. How to grow sunflowers to prevent tufting. The method according to claim 1,
The land that is easily receded by the small amount of rainfall is composed of clay soil, and the impermeable layer with very limited water movement is located within 1 meter, which is the depth where conventional plants can be rooted in the vertical direction underground. Or land comprising soil, where most of the rainwater is drained by sudden or heavy rains. 3. The method of claim 2,
The land that is easily receded by the small amount of rainfall is located under the topsoil, so that the immature soil is not deep enough, and the farmland is converted into a field by covering the paddy fields where rice cultivation lasted for more than 3 years, Undeveloped reclaimed land, or swampy land visible in some areas of the plain where rice cultivation prevails. delete delete delete delete The method according to claim 1,
Adjust the planting density of the main crop and the soil-binding plant so that sunlight can shine between the main crops at a time when the method aims to prevent the main crop's dodging. Characterized in that. The method of claim 8,
This method is the main crop sowing in an amount of 2/5 times to 4/5 times the recommended seeding amount of the main crop, the soil-binding plants in an amount of 1/20 times to 1 times the recommended seeding amount of the soil-binding plants. A method for controlling planting density. The method according to claim 1,
And wherein said grounding is inclined by more than 60 degrees while the main crop is rooted up or part of the root is exposed to the ground by rainstorm.