CN109699380B - Greenhouse seedling growing method for populus euphratica - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a greenhouse seedling raising method for populus euphratica, and belongs to the technical field of artificial propagation of plants. According to the greenhouse seedling method for populus diversifolia provided by the invention, a greenhouse is built by selecting a loam land with the saline-alkali mass content of less than or equal to 0.3% and the soil grain diameter of less than or equal to 2mm, and furrowing and ridging are carried out; selecting a mother tree with the age of 8-15 years, and collecting seeds to be sowed when the seeds grow to be reddish; sowing in 5-6 months, after sowing, flood-irrigating and watering for 1 time in the ditch, controlling the water surface to be 2-3 cm lower than the top of the ridge surface, and after sowing for 3-5 days, growing seedlings; and then carrying out management such as later stage water filling, air release and the like. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the greenhouse is utilized to grow seedlings of populus euphratica, the watering frequency is reduced, the seedling emergence amount per mu is 4-5 ten thousand, the seedling emergence is regular, and the preservation rate after overwintering is more than 90%. The method provided by the invention overcomes the environmental restriction of windy, high temperature and low humidity in arid and extremely arid regions, improves the survival rate of the populus euphratica seedlings, reduces the seedling raising cost, and has the characteristics of simplicity, easiness in implementation and easiness in popularization and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial breeding of plants, and particularly relates to a greenhouse seedling raising method for populus euphratica.
Background
Populus euonymus (Populus eupatica) belongs to Populaceae, Populus, medium-sized natural arbor of deciduous tree, with a diameter of up to 1.5 m, and is also called as Populus tremula due to different leaf shapes in growth period. Has the characteristics of drought and waterlogging tolerance, heat and cold resistance, sand and wind resistance, saline and alkaline resistance, barren resistance and the like, is the most original and oldest tree species in poplars, and is the gradually dangerous species in 388 rare endangered plants determined in the first batch of China. The populus euphratica is mostly distributed on the bank of a river in a desert area, and can be planted in arid and semi-arid areas; the populus euphratica is distributed on the river banks of arid regions in northern Africa, middle east and northwest of China and in low-humidity salinized land, and is an important arbor tree species in desert regions. China is the country with the largest distribution range and the largest quantity of populus euphratica in the world today. At present, large-area natural populus diversifolia forest lands are only preserved in desert areas in China and are intensively distributed in Tarim basin and inner Mongolia black river basin, so that the natural populus diversifolia forest lands become natural barriers for maintaining and improving the ecological environment of northwest arid areas and protecting economic construction; particularly, in south Xinjiang, the natural populus diversifolia forest around the tacoma dry desert limits the expansion of the fluid dune and is an important component of the natural ecological barrier in China. Populus diversifolia is an important windproof tree species in desert regions due to the characteristics of the populus diversifolia, and is a preferable tree species for main afforestation under extremely severe natural conditions such as desert, saline-alkali soil and the like. Meanwhile, the populus euphratica leaves turn yellow in autumn and have long duration time, so that the populus euphratica has extremely high ornamental value. Nowadays, natural tourism is developed by populus euphratica in Xinjiang, Gansu, inner Mongolia and other places, and extremely high economic benefits are generated.
Nowadays, natural populus diversifolia forests are slowly replaced naturally, and young forests are lack. Artificial breeding can not only alleviate the problem, but also help to preserve and restore natural populus diversifolia forest; and the artificial populus euphratica wind-proof sand-fixing forest belt can be built, and the functions of protecting the fragile ecology of the desert and improving the severe natural conditions are achieved. The populus euphratica has strong ornamental value and multiple purposes in landscaping, realizes artificial breeding of populus euphratica, has positive effects on development of landscape tourism and landscaping of populus euphratica, and fully exerts the economic value and the ornamental value of populus euphratica.
The sexual propagation of populus euphratica is simple to operate, low in cost and beneficial to popularization. At present, field seedling (CN201510464788.6), half-shading seedling (CN201510768095.6), cuttage (CN201510070225.9) and the like are adopted for the seedling raising technology of populus euphratica, and meanwhile, more related researches and technical patents on grafting of populus euphratica are provided; the existing seedling raising modes have higher requirements on water conditions, areas with more populus diversifolia used are mostly distributed in arid and extremely arid areas, the water conditions are poor, sand blown by wind is large, the areas are affected by soil quality and high temperature, the infiltration and evaporation capacity is extremely large, the water consumption is large in the whole seedling raising process, the tending management cost is increased due to more irrigation times, the sand blown by wind is reduced, and the survival rate is reduced, so that the seedling raising method has the problems in popularization and application.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the background art, the invention aims to provide a method for raising seedlings of populus diversifolia in a greenhouse, which can improve the seedling emergence amount of the populus diversifolia, reduce the water demand for seedling raising, effectively avoid the interference of external conditions such as sand blown by the wind, high temperature and the like, reduce the cost and improve the yield; the temperature and the humidity are easy to control, so that the seedling raising period is shortened, the seedling raising time of populus diversifolia is prolonged, the seedling growth period is prolonged, the lignification degree is improved, overwintering is ensured, and the transplanting survival rate is ensured.
The invention provides a greenhouse seedling raising method for populus euphratica, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a loam land with the saline-alkali mass content of less than or equal to 0.3 percent and the soil grain diameter of less than or equal to 2mm, building a greenhouse, and ditching and ridging; the depth of the ditch is 35-45 cm relative to the top of the ridge surface, and the gradient of the ridge is 35-45 degrees;
(2) selecting a mother tree with the age of 8-15 years, and collecting seeds when the seeds grow to be reddish, so as to obtain seeds to be sowed;
(3) in 5-6 months, sowing seeds to be sowed in the step (2) to the top of the ridge surface of the ridge in the step (1), performing flood irrigation and watering for 1 time in the ditch, controlling the water surface to be 2-3 cm lower than the top of the ridge surface, and growing seedlings after sowing for 3-5 days;
(4) performing later-stage management on the seedlings; the post management comprises water filling and air releasing;
the irrigation in the step (4) comprises the following steps:
sowing for 3-5 days, and sprayingKeeping the top of the ridge surface wet by water, wherein the watering frequency is 2-3 times per day; the amount of water sprayed each time is 7-12L/m2；
After sowing for 6-8 days, flood-irrigating and watering the ditch for 1 time, and controlling the water surface to be 2-3 cm lower than the top of the ridge surface;
after seeding for 9-11 days, flood-irrigating the ditch for 1 time at intervals of 2-3 days, and controlling the water surface to be 2-3 cm lower than the top of the ridge surface;
after seeding for 19-21 days, flood-irrigating the ditch for 1 time at intervals of 6-8 days, and controlling the water surface to be 2-3 cm lower than the top of the ridge surface;
the air release in the step (4) comprises the following steps:
I. after 3-5 days of sowing, carrying out small-section air release, wherein the time of the small-section air release is 12: 00-15: 00 per day;
II, after seeding for 9-11 days, performing middle-section air release, wherein the middle-section air release time is 11: 00-16: 00 per day;
III, after sowing for 19-21 days, performing large-section air release, wherein the time of the large-section air release is 10: 00-17: 00 per day;
the step (1) and the step (2) are not limited in time sequence.
Preferably, after the seeds to be sowed are obtained in the step (2), the storage of the seeds to be sowed is also included; the container for storing the seeds to be sowed is a glass container filled with charcoal; the storage temperature of the seeds to be sowed is-4 to-2 ℃.
Preferably, the step (3) of sterilizing the seeds to be sowed is also included before sowing; the disinfectant for disinfecting the seeds to be sowed comprises copper sulfate solution with the mass concentration of 0.1-0.3 per mill, potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.4-0.6% or 500-1000 times of sterilization solution; the time for disinfecting the seeds to be sowed is 15-30 min.
Preferably, the middle and later period management in the step (4) comprises spraying of foliar fertilizer; spraying the foliar fertilizer once every 15-20 days after seeding for 19-21 days; the foliar fertilizer comprises monopotassium phosphate and/or urea with the concentration of 0.3%, and the spraying amount of the foliar fertilizer is 0.4-0.6L/m2。
Preferably, the middle and later period management in the step (4) comprises thinning; the distance between the remaining seedlings after thinning is 6-10 cm; the number of the remained seedlings is 10-20% higher than the planned seedling yield; the planned seedling number is 4-5 ten thousand plants/mu.
Preferably, the middle and later period management in the step (4) comprises pest control; the pest control is carried out 20-25 days after sowing, 500-800 times of triazolone is sprayed every 14-16 days, the amount of triazolone diluent sprayed per mu is 40-60 kg every time, and the triazolone is sprayed for 2-3 times in total.
Preferably, the applicable region of the seedling raising method comprises inner Mongolia.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a greenhouse seedling raising method for populus diversifolia, which is characterized in that a greenhouse is built by selecting loam soil with saline-alkali mass content of less than or equal to 0.3% and soil grain diameter of less than or equal to 2mm, and ditching and ridging are carried out; selecting a mother tree with the age of 8-15 years, and collecting seeds to be sowed when the seeds grow to be reddish; sowing in 5-6 months, after sowing, flood-irrigating and watering for 1 time in the ditch, controlling the water surface to be 2-3 cm lower than the top of the ridge surface, and after sowing for 3-5 days, growing seedlings; and then carrying out management such as later stage water filling, air release and the like. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the greenhouse is utilized to grow seedlings of populus euphratica, the watering frequency is reduced, the seedling emergence amount per mu is 4-5 ten thousand, the seedling emergence is regular, and the preservation rate after overwintering is more than 90%. The method provided by the invention overcomes the environmental restriction of windy, high temperature and low humidity in arid and extremely arid regions, improves the survival rate of the populus euphratica seedlings, reduces the seedling raising cost, and has the characteristics of simplicity, easiness in implementation and easiness in popularization and use.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a greenhouse seedling raising method for populus euphratica, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a loam land with the saline-alkali mass content of less than or equal to 0.3 percent and the soil grain diameter of less than or equal to 2mm, building a greenhouse, and ditching and ridging; the depth of the ditch is 35-45 cm, and the gradient of the ridge is 35-45 degrees;
(2) selecting a mother tree with the age of 8-15 years, and collecting seeds when the seeds grow to be reddish, so as to obtain seeds to be sowed;
(3) in 5-6 months, sowing the seeds to be sowed in the step (2) on the top of the ridge surface of the ridge in the step (1), carrying out flood irrigation and watering for 1 time in the ditch, controlling the water surface to be 2-3 cm lower than the top of the ridge surface, and growing seedlings after sowing for 3-5 days;
(4) performing later-stage management after obtaining the seedlings; the post management comprises water filling and air releasing;
the irrigation in the step (4) comprises the following steps:
watering to keep the top of the ridge surface wet 3-5 days after seeding, wherein the watering frequency is 2-3 times per day; the amount of water sprayed each time is 7-12L/m2；
After sowing for 6-8 days, flood-irrigating and watering the ditch for 1 time, and controlling the water surface to be 2-3 cm lower than the top of the ridge surface;
after seeding for 9-11 days, flood-irrigating the ditch for 1 time at intervals of 2-3 days, and controlling the water surface to be 2-3 cm lower than the top of the ridge surface;
after seeding for 19-21 days, flood-irrigating the ditch for 1 time at intervals of 6-8 days, and controlling the water surface to be 2-3 cm lower than the top of the ridge surface;
the air release in the step (4) comprises the following steps:
I. after 3-5 days of sowing, carrying out small-section air release, wherein the time of the small-section air release is 12: 00-15: 00 per day;
II, after seeding for 9-11 days, performing middle-section air release, wherein the middle-section air release time is 11: 00-16: 00 per day;
III, after sowing for 19-21 days, performing large-section air release, wherein the time of the large-section air release is 10: 00-17: 00 per day;
the step (1) and the step (2) are not limited in time sequence.
The invention selects the land for greenhouse seedling culture. In the invention, the land is a loam land with saline-alkali content less than or equal to 0.3% and soil grain diameter less than or equal to 2mm, and the land is favorable for water retention, fertilizer retention and seed attachment. In the present invention, the loam is preferably sandy loam or cohesive loam, and the source of the loam is preferably remote from the poplar forest land (to avoid diseases of the poplar seedling caused by germs and the like existing in the soil of the poplar forest land; at the same time, nutrients in the soil of the poplar forest suitable for growth are absorbed and are not beneficial to the growth of the poplar, and the soil remote from the poplar forest is selected to ensure that the nutrients in the soil are sufficient).
The greenhouse is constructed after the land is selected, the construction method of the greenhouse is not particularly limited, and the construction method of the conventional greenhouse in the field can be used. The invention carries out ditching and ridging on the land for greenhouse seedling culture. In the present invention, the depth of the groove is 35 to 45cm, preferably 40 cm. The gradient of the ridge is 35-45 degrees, and preferably 40 degrees. The distance between the bottom surfaces of the grooves is preferably 0.5 to 1.0m, and more preferably 0.6 to 0.8 m.
The invention selects seeds to be sown for greenhouse seedling culture. In the invention, the seeds to be sowed are picked from mother trees with the age of 8-15 years; the seeds to be sowed are fleshy red when picked, and the capsule pericarp is preferably in the stage of changing from green to yellow with a small amount of cracking and ear-opening. After the seeds to be sown are obtained, the present invention preferably stores the seeds to be sown. In the present invention, the storage container for seeds to be sown is preferably a glass container filled with charcoal; the temperature at which the seeds to be sown are stored is preferably-4 to-2 ℃, more preferably-3 ℃.
After the land and seeds for greenhouse seedling culture are selected, the invention seeds to be sowed are sowed on the top of the ditching and ridging ridge surface. In the present invention, the pre-sowing preferably includes sterilizing the seed to be sown. The disinfectant for disinfecting the seeds to be sowed is preferably one of a copper sulfate solution, a potassium permanganate solution and a regressive diluent. The mass concentration of the copper sulfate solution is preferably 0.1 to 0.3 per mill, and more preferably 0.2 per mill. The mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is preferably 0.4-0.6%, and more preferably 0.5%. The dilution multiple of the diluent is preferably 500-1000 times, and more preferably 800 times. In the present invention, the time for disinfecting the seeds to be sown is determined according to the type of the disinfecting liquid. When the disinfectant is a copper sulfate solution or a potassium permanganate solution, the disinfection time is preferably 15-30 min, and more preferably 20-25 min. When the disinfectant is a sterile diluent, the disinfection time is preferably 15-30 min, and more preferably 16-18 min. In the invention, the seeding amount is preferably 1.5-2.0 kg/mu, and more preferably 1.6-1.8 kg/mu. The seeding is preferably broadcast. The sowing time is preferably 18: 00-21: 00, and more preferably 19: 00-20: 00. In the invention, before sowing, water is preferably poured into the groove, and the amount of the poured water is preferably 1/2-3/4 of the depth of the groove, and more preferably 2/3 of the depth of the groove. After the seeds are sowed, the ditch is irrigated for 1 time by flood irrigation, the water surface is controlled to be 2-3 cm lower than the top of the ridge surface (the populus diversifolia seeds are small and extremely light, the water level is lower than the ridge top, so that the seeds can be attached to the wet ridge surface, the seeds can be promoted to be detained and germinate by keeping proper humidity, if the water level of the flood irrigation is too high, the seeds can be diffused with water, meanwhile, the soil moisture is large, the populus diversifolia seeds are not beneficial to germination and growth), and the seedlings are obtained after 3-5 days.
After the seedlings are obtained, the method carries out later-stage management on the seedlings. In the invention, the post-management comprises water filling and air release.
The irrigation preferably comprises the following steps:
firstly, after sowing for 3-5 days, watering to keep the top of the ridge surface wet;
after sowing for 6-8 days, flood-irrigating and watering the ditch for 1 time, and controlling the water surface to be 2-3 cm lower than the top of the ridge surface;
after seeding for 9-11 days, flood-irrigating the ditch for 1 time at intervals of 2-3 days, and controlling the water surface to be 2-3 cm lower than the top of the ridge surface;
and fourthly, after 19-21 days of seeding, flood-irrigating the ditch for 1 time at intervals of 6-8 days, and controlling the water surface to be 2-3 cm lower than the top of the ridge surface.
In the invention, the frequency of sprinkling in the first step is preferably 2-3 times per day; the amount of water sprayed in each time is preferably 7-12L/m2More preferably 10L/m2。
In the invention, the flood irrigation is preferably carried out by controlling the water level to be 2-3 cm lower than the ridge top. The reasons for controlling the flood irrigation water level to be lower than the ridge top include: a, the root system of the populus diversifolia is short in the initial germination stage and shallow in root penetration, and the seedlings are possibly impacted by water flow after being irrigated to the ridge top in a flood mode, so that the survival rate is reduced; b, flood irrigation is performed too much, the water permeability of soil in a greenhouse is poor, the temperature is high, the humidity is high, the infiltration speed is low, the root growth is influenced, and the germination and growth of populus diversifolia seeds are not favorable; c, when flood irrigation is carried out to the top of the ridge, water erodes and compacts the soil, so that the granular structure of the soil is damaged, the soil is hardened, and the poplar is not beneficial to growing; and d, a plurality of germs are spread along with water, and the probability of infecting germs on seeds is increased when the seeds are irrigated to the ridge tops in a flood mode. According to the invention, the problem can be well solved by controlling the water level of the flood irrigation to be 2-3 cm lower than the ridge top.
Compared with the conventional populus diversifolia seedling raising method, the frequency and the irrigation quantity of irrigation water are reduced, and the method has the water-saving characteristic.
In the present invention, the discharging preferably includes the steps of:
I. after 3-5 days of sowing, carrying out small-section ventilation;
II, sowing for 9-11 days, and then performing middle-section air release;
and III, after seeding for 19-21 days, performing large-section air release.
In the invention, the time for the small-segment air release is preferably 12: 00-15: 00 per day; the time for discharging the air from the middle section is preferably 11: 00-16: 00 per day; the time of the large-section air release is preferably 10: 00-17: 00 per day. The air discharging operation of the invention has the functions of cooling and dehumidifying, and avoids seedling body burning or disease caused by overhigh temperature in the daytime.
The later period management of the invention preferably also comprises the spraying of foliar fertilizer, thinning and pest control.
In the invention, the foliar fertilizer is preferably sprayed 19-21 days after sowing. The frequency of spraying the foliar fertilizer is preferably once every 15 to 20 days; the foliar fertilizer preferably comprises monopotassium phosphate and/or urea with the concentration of 0.3 percent, and the spraying amount of the foliar fertilizer is preferably 0.4-0.6L/m2More preferably 0.5L/m2。
In the invention, the distance between the seedlings left after thinning is preferably 6-10cm, and more preferably 7-8 cm; the number of the remained seedlings is preferably 10-20% higher than the planned seedling yield number, and more preferably 15% higher than the planned seedling yield number; the planned seedling number is preferably 4-5 ten thousand plants/mu, and more preferably 4.5 ten thousand plants/mu.
In the invention, the pest control is preferably carried out 20-25 days after sowing. The preferred mode of spraying triazolone diluent is adopted for pest control. The dilution multiple of the triazolone diluent is preferably 500-800 times of the diluent, and more preferably 500 times of the diluent. The frequency of pest control is preferably once every 14-16 days, and the amount of triazolone diluent sprayed per mu is preferably 40-60 kg, more preferably 50kg, and is sprayed for 2-3 times in total.
The seedling raising method provided by the invention has certain regional adaptability, is preferably implemented in inner Mongolia areas, and has obvious effect.
The greenhouse seedling raising method for populus diversifolia provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A greenhouse seedling raising technology for populus diversifolia comprises the steps of seed selection, treatment, bed setting, sowing method, time and management after sowing, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a) preparation before sowing:
selecting land: in the national forest farm of urban AlaLu Ming-Na flag of inner Mongolia, sandy loam or cohesive loam garden which is far away from populus diversifolia forest land, convenient to irrigate, convenient to transport, good in water retention and low in salt and alkali content (not more than 0.3%) is selected to be most suitable.
Land preparation: building a simple plastic greenhouse in the selected seedling growing land according to conditions, and applying sufficient base fertilizer before land preparation; deeply ploughing for more than 30cm, harrowing for 2-3 times, removing weeds, flattening and compacting, and ensuring that the diameter of soil particles is less than 2 mm.
Ditching: ditching and ridging, wherein the distance between the bottoms of ditches is 0.5-1.0m, the depth of the ditches is about 40cm, and the ridge slope is gentle and preferably 40 degrees; and 4, leveling the slope surface and breaking soil blocks, so that the seed attachment is facilitated.
b) The sowing method comprises the following steps:
collecting seeds and processing: selecting a mother tree which is 8-15 years old and has no plant diseases and insect pests and strong growth, generally from the middle of 7 months to the beginning of 8 months, and collecting when the pericarp of a capsule changes yellow from green, a small amount of cracks and ears are opened, and seeds are in a flesh red color. After seed picking, placing the clusters in a ventilated and dry indoor shade place, and avoiding insolation; the stacking thickness is 5-10cm, and the seeds are turned over in time to prevent the internal temperature from rising to influence the activity of the seeds. Putting the capsules into a seed-sowing machine for treatment after the capsules are completely cracked and the ears are spitted, removing impurities, putting the capsules into a glass container filled with charcoal, and preserving the capsules at a low temperature of-3 ℃. The germination rate in the second year can reach about 20%.
Sowing time: 5-6 months in the next year.
Seed disinfection: before sowing, the seeds are selected, inspected and disinfected. Soaking for 2 hours, then disinfecting, soaking seeds for 20-30 minutes by 0.1-0.3 copper sulfate solution, soaking seeds for 20-30 minutes by 0.5% potassium permanganate solution or soaking seeds for 15-20 minutes by 800 times of bacteria removing solution, and after disinfection, mixing the seeds with dry sand according to the weight ratio of 1: and mixing the mixture by the proportion of 30 to obtain the seeds.
Sowing: sowing populus diversifolia in a broadcasting mode, irrigating water 1-2 days before sowing, and sowing on the tops of ridge surfaces after 2/3 parts below ridge tops are soaked completely; and (4) immediately performing flood irrigation after sowing, controlling water quantity, and ensuring that the seeds can not overflow the top of the ridge surface to adhere to the soil. A small amount of seeds germinate after sowing for 24 hours, and seedlings grow out completely in 3-4 days. In order to reasonably use seeds and ensure proper seedling density, the seeding amount is controlled to be about 1.5-2.0 kg (adjusted according to the germination rate and the cleanliness of seeds) of the seed per mu.
c) And (3) breeding management:
in the whole seedling stage, the temperature is controlled to be about 35-40 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 45-55%.
And (3) irrigation: watering for 2-3 times every day after 3-4 days to keep the ground wet; after the seedlings are rooted for 7 days, the seedlings are irrigated by thin water in a flooding way, so that the rows of the seedlings are regular; 10 to 20 days, 2 to 3 days and one water; and (5) 20 to 30 days, and one week of water is filled, and the top of the ridge surface is kept wet by the thin water flood irrigation.
Releasing air: watering in a matched manner, starting to discharge air after 4 days after sowing, and opening an air port for ventilation at 12-15 days every 4-10 days; releasing air at 11-16 days for 10-20 days; releasing air at 10-17 days for 20-30 days; the temperature and the humidity of the greenhouse are reduced through air release, and the occurrence of seedling burning and leaf surface diseases is prevented.
Fertilizing: after 4 true leaves grow out of the seedlings after about 20 days, fertilizing and accelerating the seedlings on the principle of a small amount of multiple times, mainly taking a foliar fertilizer as a main material, and spraying once in 15-20 days on average.
Soil loosening and weeding: after 10 days, the soil is loosened and weeded in time, the surface soil is kept loose, the ventilation is good, and no grass exists in the nursery. But the frequency is not too much, preferably 1-2 times, so as to avoid the damage of roots and the wind erosion caused by the too loose surface soil in the grass cutting process.
Thinning: thinning 1 time after the seedlings are completely grown, wherein the thinning reserved plant number per unit area is about 15 percent more than the planned seedling yield; and then, performing the seedling setting for the 2 nd time and the 3 rd time according to the growth condition of the seedlings, uniformly reserving 10-20 seedlings at the top of the ridge surface every 1m, keeping the seedling spacing at 6-10cm, and controlling the yield of the seedlings at 4-5 ten thousand plants/mu. During thinning, the leaves at the lower part of the seedling are removed in a proper amount, which is beneficial to light transmission and ventilation and disease prevention.
And (3) pest control: mainly prevents and treats leaf diseases and leaf eating insects, mainly diseases in a greenhouse, mainly including leaf rust and leaf streak diseases. The leaf diseases are mainly sprayed with bactericide, after the seedlings grow 3-4 true leaves in 20-25 days, the seedlings are sprayed with 500 times of triazolone every 15 days for 2-3 times continuously. The leaf-eating pests are prevented and controlled by spraying insecticide such as matrine for 2-3 times at the initial stage of discovery. The soil insects are killed by contacting with phoxim powder.
Transplanting the seedlings: transplanting seedlings to a bed for seedling culture when the height of the seedlings is 10cm in the 2 nd year, selecting annual seedlings which are strong in growth and free of diseases and insect pests, planting along with digging, irrigating for 1 time before leaving the nursery to ensure that the seedlings absorb enough water, facilitating digging, wherein the length of main roots of the seedlings is more than 15cm when digging the seedlings, the lateral roots are complete, repairing the roots before planting, reserving 15cm of root systems to cut off redundant parts, ditching and planting according to the row spacing of 40cm and the plant spacing of 15cm, strengthening the seedlings, timely irrigating after planting, irrigating for the 2 nd year after water infiltration, and irrigating for 1 time every 20 days according to the soil moisture. After transplanting for one month, additional fertilization and seedling acceleration can be carried out. The transplanting survival rate reaches more than 95 percent.
In the embodiment, the seedlings are grown in the same year and can be transplanted in the next year after being implemented in the national forest farm of the national Ministry of the AlaLap Enhan flag in Mongolia in 2000. The experimental result shows that the seedling emergence amount per mu reaches 4-5 ten thousand plants, the seedlings are neat, and the retention rate after overwintering and the transplanting survival rate reach more than 90 percent; the technique prolongs the seedling raising time of the populus euphratica, reduces the irrigation times, solves the environmental restriction of windy, high temperature and low humidity in arid and extremely arid regions, improves the survival rate, reduces the seedling raising cost, is simple and easy to implement, and is easy to popularize and use. The times of water irrigation and air release are properly adjusted according to the local air temperature in different regions.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that:
and (3) irrigation: watering for 2-3 times every day from the current day of sowing to keep the ground wet; after the seedlings are rooted for 7 days, the seedlings are irrigated by thin water in a flooding way, so that the rows of the seedlings are regular; then, in every week, the water is irrigated by the thin water flood, and the water surface is controlled to be 2-3 cm lower than the top of the ridge surface;
keeping the top of the ridge surface wet.
Releasing air: the air is released 4 days after sowing, and the air port is opened 12-16 days per day for ventilation; releasing air at 10-17 days for 20-30 days; the temperature and the humidity of the greenhouse are reduced through air release, and the occurrence of seedling burning and leaf surface diseases is prevented.
The remaining nursery and transplant steps were kept the same as in example 1.
At the moment, the seedling emergence amount per mu reaches 3-4 ten thousand plants, and the preservation rate after overwintering is between 60 and 75 percent.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A greenhouse seedling raising method for populus euphratica is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a loam land with the saline-alkali mass content of less than or equal to 0.3 percent and the soil grain diameter of less than or equal to 2mm, building a greenhouse, and ditching and ridging; the depth of the ditch is 35-45 cm relative to the ridge top, and the gradient of the ridge is 35-45 degrees;
(2) selecting a mother tree with the age of 8-15 years, and collecting seeds when the seeds grow to be reddish, so as to obtain seeds to be sowed;
(3) in 5-6 months, sowing seeds to be sowed in the step (2) to the top of the ridge surface of the ridge in the step (1), performing flood irrigation and watering for 1 time in the ditch, controlling the water surface to be 2-3 cm lower than the top of the ridge surface, and growing seedlings after sowing for 3-5 days;
(4) performing later-stage management after the seedlings are obtained; the post management comprises water filling and air releasing; the irrigation in the step (4) comprises the following steps:
watering to keep the top of the ridge surface wet 3-5 days after seeding, wherein the watering frequency is 2-3 times per day; the amount of water sprayed each time is 7-12L/m2；
After sowing for 6-8 days, flood-irrigating the ditch for 1 time, and controlling the water surface to be 2-3 cm lower than the top of the ridge surface;
after seeding for 9-11 days, flood-irrigating the ditch for 1 time at intervals of 2-3 days, and controlling the water surface to be 2-3 cm lower than the top of the ridge surface;
after seeding for 19-21 days, flood-irrigating the ditch for 1 time at intervals of 6-8 days, and controlling the water surface to be 2-3 cm lower than the top of the ridge surface;
the air release in the step (4) comprises the following steps:
i, after 3-5 days of sowing, carrying out small-segment air release, wherein the time of the small-segment air release is 12: 00-15: 00 per day;
II, after seeding for 9-11 days, performing middle-section air release, wherein the middle-section air release time is 11: 00-16: 00 per day;
III, after seeding for 19-21 days, performing large-section air release, wherein the time of the large-section air release is 10: 00-17: 00 per day;
the middle and later period management in the step (4) comprises thinning; the distance between the remaining seedlings after thinning is 6-10 cm; the number of the remained seedlings is 10-20% higher than the planned seedling yield; the planned seedling number is 4-5 ten thousand plants/mu;
(5) in the 2 nd year, when the height of the seedling is 10cm, bed-shifting seedling is carried out; the row spacing of the nursery stocks for transplanting the beds is 40cm, and the plant spacing is 15 cm;
the step (1) and the step (2) are not limited in time sequence.
2. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that, after the seeds to be sown are obtained in the step (2), the method further comprises the steps of storing the seeds to be sown; the container for storing the seeds to be sowed is a glass container filled with charcoal; the storage temperature of the seeds to be sowed is-4 to-2 ℃.
3. A method of raising seedlings according to claim 1, further comprising sterilizing the seeds to be sown before the sowing in the step (3); the disinfectant for disinfecting the seeds to be sowed comprises copper sulfate solution with the mass concentration of 0.1-0.3 per mill, potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.4-0.6% or 500-1000 times of sterilization solution; the time for disinfecting the seeds to be sowed is 15-30 min.
4. A seedling raising method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the middle and later period management in the step (4) comprises spraying of foliar fertilizer; spraying the foliar fertilizer once every 15-20 days after seeding for 19-21 days; the foliar fertilizer comprises monopotassium phosphate and/or urea with the concentration of 0.3%, and the spraying amount of the foliar fertilizer is 0.4-0.6L/m2。
5. A seedling raising method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the middle and later period management in the step (4) comprises pest control; the pest control is carried out 20-25 days after sowing, 500-800 times of triazolone is sprayed every 14-16 days, the amount of triazolone diluent sprayed per mu is 40-60 kg every time, and the triazolone is sprayed for 2-3 times in total.
6. A method for raising seedlings according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an area to which the method for raising seedlings is applied includes inner Mongolia.
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