CN113079964A - Seedling raising and planting method of limonium aureum - Google Patents
Seedling raising and planting method of limonium aureum Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising and planting method of limonium aureum, which comprises the following steps: s1, pretreatment of seeds: taking seeds of the daylily hematinic, and adding 0.3-0.5% KNO3Soaking seeds in the solution for 3-5 min, and then soaking the seeds in 0.3-0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 1-2 h; s2, seedling culture: adopting plug-tray greenhouse seedling culture or direct seeding seedling culture at the temperature higher than 20 ℃; and S3, field management. Compared with the prior art, the seedling emergence rate can reach more than 80%, the survival rate of seedlings reaches 95%, and the survival rate of the limonium aureum plants is still kept more than 90% after 3 years of planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting and forestation, and particularly relates to a seedling raising and planting method of limonium aureum.
Background
The Limonium aureum (Limonium aureum) is perennial herbaceous plant of Limonium in plumbaginaceae, has the excellent characteristics of drought resistance, saline-alkali resistance and barren resistance, is longer than grassland zones such as gobi, beach, lakes, fixed semi-fixed sand dunes, rocky hillsides and the like and salinized grassland zones of desert grassland, is suitable for slight salinized soil, sandy soil and sandy soil, is a drought-grown salt-secreting plant with strong salt resistance, and is also an ideal windproof sand-fixing plant; the flower is one of a few wild flowers in arid desert regions, the flower color is bright and beautiful, the flower is dense and luxuriant, the flowering period is 5-10 months, the dry flower is not fallen in winter, particularly in a green garden forest, although the flower is dried, the golden small flower can still be observed for 2 months in winter, the flower can be used as a material of the dry flower, is a rare pure yellow perennial root flower variety, and the calyx and the root of the flower are used as folk herbal medicines, mainly uses the calyx to treat irregular menstruation, epistaxis and leucorrhea of women, and has the effect of relieving pain and the like.
In recent years, with the ground rooting of ecological civilization construction, the excavation of native tree species becomes the key of the national soil greening in various regions, and particularly for desert regions, the screening of drought-tolerant, cold-tolerant and saline-alkali-tolerant plants is particularly important. The limonium aureum has high development and utilization values due to strong stress resistance, long flowering phase, obvious medicinal value and obvious economic benefit. At present, the limonium aureum is mainly prepared from wild species, and no corresponding standardized technology exists for artificial seedling culture and planting during development and utilization of the limonium aureum, so that the standardized seedling culture and planting technology for the limonium aureum is researched, and the following necessities are provided: the method is necessary for developing the native tree species with strong stress resistance; secondly, the demand of the national soil greening from greening to greening and beautifying integrated development; thirdly, water resources are saved, and the need of healthy development of ecological environment in arid regions is promoted; fourthly, the requirement of promoting the ecological, economic and social benefits to develop synergistically. Therefore, the research on the standardized seedling and planting technology of the limonium aureum is the key for development and utilization of the limonium aureum, the plant has the characteristics of large flowering quantity and long flowering period, but the self-flowering and fruiting rate of the plant is low, the seeds are not easy to germinate in artificial seedling, and the emergence rate and the transplanting survival rate are low, so that the applicant provides an efficient artificial seedling and planting method through years of experimental research, and the method aims to provide a basis for the development and utilization of the limonium aureum.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seedling raising and planting method of limonium aureum for solving the defects of the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a seedling raising and planting method of Limonium aureum comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of seeds: taking seeds of the daylily hematinic, and adding 0.3-0.5% KNO3Soaking seeds in the solution for 3-5 min, then soaking the seeds in 0.3-0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 1-2 h, taking out and drying in the air for later use;
s2, seedling culture: adopting plug-tray greenhouse seedling culture or direct seeding seedling culture at the temperature higher than 20 ℃;
the plug greenhouse seedling raising steps are as follows:
a. sowing: using nutrient soil with organic matter content of more than or equal to 35% as a culture medium, keeping the nutrient soil in a hole tray moist before sowing, preparing 0.4-0.6 cm square sowing holes in each hole, sowing 5-8 seeds subjected to the pretreatment in each hole, and then covering sand for 0.2-0.5 cm;
b. seedling stage management: watering in time after seeding, watering 2-3 times in the morning and evening according to the air temperature every day, keeping the seeding holes moist, and watering 1 time in the morning and evening when the emergence rate is more than or equal to 80%;
c. transplanting: when the crown width of the seedling grows to 16-36 cm2Beginning to transplant, and irrigating water for 1 time after transplantingTimely irrigating for 1 time at 3 d-7 d after transplanting, and then supplementing water properly according to the soil moisture condition, wherein the water is irrigated for 1 time respectively at 3 periods before flowering, at the bottom of 7-8 months and 11 months;
the direct seeding and seedling raising steps are as follows:
a. sowing: after land preparation, mulching a mulching film, using the mulching film as a seedbed, and sowing by adopting a hole sowing method, wherein the sowing amount is 0.5-1 kg/mu; during sowing, firstly breaking the mulching film, opening 0.5-2 cm square sowing holes, sowing 5-8 seeds subjected to the pretreatment in each hole, and then covering sand by 0.2-0.5 cm;
b. seedling stage management: watering in time after seeding, watering 2-3 times every day in the morning and evening according to the air temperature, keeping the seeding holes moist, watering for 1 time when the emergence rate reaches over 75%, and watering for 1 time according to the soil moisture content, wherein the watering needs to be carried out for 3 periods before the flower, 7-8 months and 11 months;
s3, field management: cutting off the dried overground part from half month to 1 month before sprouting at the latest beginning in the next year; irrigating water for 1 time before blossom, in 7-8 months and at the bottom of 11 months respectively.
Preferably, in the step S2, the plug greenhouse seedling raising time is 1-3 months, and the plug greenhouse seedling raising, transplanting, and direct seeding seedling raising time is 4 to 5 ten days in the middle of the month.
Preferably, the method for seedling cultivation and land preparation before plug greenhouse seedling cultivation and transplanting and direct seeding seedling cultivation in step S2 includes: and (3) ploughing the soil deeply for at least 30cm, and applying 2-3 t/mu of organic fertilizer in combination with deep ploughing.
Preferably, the plug greenhouse seedling transplanting step of step S2 is: firstly, transplanting holes with the square of 8-12 cm are prepared in the prepared land, the row spacing of transplanted plants is not less than 50cm multiplied by 50cm, and seedlings with matrixes are placed into the transplanting holes together.
Preferably, the row spacing of the direct seeding and seeding plants in the step S2 is not less than 50cm multiplied by 50 cm.
Preferably, the weed management during seedling raising in step S2 employs artificial weeding.
Preferably, the collecting and storing method of the primula sikkmensis franch seeds in step S1 comprises the following steps: taking the whole herb after the whole plant of the limonium aureum is dried, separating the seeds from the plant by a thresher after the whole plant of the limonium aureum is dried, removing impurities in the seeds, airing the seeds, putting the seeds into a cloth bag, and storing the cloth bag in a sterilized, low-temperature, dry and ventilated room from the first ten days of 11 months to the second ten days of the next year.
In order to improve the emergence rate and the planting survival rate of the limonium aureum and facilitate the effective application of the limonium aureum in the national greening and beautifying, the inventor combines the hole-tray greenhouse seedling raising and transplanting, the direct seeding and planting method and the later management technology to clarify a seedling raising and planting mode which facilitates the direct application of the limonium aureum in the national greening and beautifying through the research of limonium aureum seed collection, the seed sowing amount of each hole, and the like, makes up the defects of the current limonium aureum seedling raising technology, and provides a basis for solving the problem of shortage of plants integrating water saving, greening and beautifying in the national greening.
Compared with the prior art, the seedling emergence rate can reach more than 80%, the survival rate of seedlings reaches 95%, and the survival rate of the limonium aureum plants is still kept more than 90% after 3 years of planting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the emergence of Limonium aureum in the direct seeding and seedling method of example 2;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of Limonium aureum plants 3 years after the direct seeding and seedling raising method of example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a seedling raising and planting method of limonium aureum, which comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of seeds: taking seeds of the daylily hematinic, and adding 0.3-0.5% KNO3Soaking seeds in the solution for 3-5 min, then soaking the seeds in 0.3-0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 1-2 h, taking out and drying in the air for later use; through experimental research, the seeds are soaked by a potassium nitrate solution with specific concentration and then by a potassium permanganate solution with stronger oxidizability, so that the germination rate and the planting survival rate of the limonium aureum can be obviously improved;
s2, seedling culture: adopting plug-tray greenhouse seedling culture or direct seeding seedling culture at the temperature of more than 20 ℃;
the plug greenhouse seedling culture steps are as follows:
a. sowing: using nutrient soil with organic matter content of more than or equal to 35% as a culture medium, keeping the nutrient soil in a hole tray moist before sowing, preparing 0.4-0.6 cm square sowing holes in each hole, sowing 5-8 pretreated seeds in each hole, and then covering sand for 0.2-0.5 cm;
b. seedling stage management: watering in time after seeding, watering 2-3 times in the morning and evening according to the air temperature every day, keeping the seeding holes moist, and watering 1 time in the morning and evening when the emergence rate is more than or equal to 80%;
c. transplanting: when the crown width of the seedling grows to 16-36 cm2Beginning to transplant, irrigating water for 1 time in time after transplanting, irrigating water for 1 time in time from 3d to 7d after transplanting, and then irrigating water for 1 time according to the soil moisture content, wherein the water is respectively irrigated for 1 time in 3 periods before flowering, 7-8 months and 11 months.
The direct seeding and seedling raising steps are as follows:
a. sowing: after land preparation, mulching a mulching film, using the mulching film as a seedbed, and sowing by adopting a hole sowing method, wherein the sowing amount is 0.5-1 kg/mu; when in sowing, the mulching film is broken, sowing holes with the square of 0.5-2 cm are formed, 5-8 pretreated seeds are sowed in each hole, and then sand is covered for 0.2-0.5 cm;
b. seedling stage management: watering in time after seeding, watering 2-3 times every day in the morning and evening according to the air temperature, keeping the seeding holes moist, watering for 1 time when the emergence rate reaches over 75%, and watering for 1 time according to the soil moisture content, wherein the watering needs to be carried out for 3 periods before the flower, 7-8 months and 11 months;
through research, the sowing depth and the sowing amount have important influence on the emergence rate of the limonium aureum, the sowing is too deep, the buds are easy to penetrate out of the ground, the sowing is too shallow, the seeds are easy to expose in the external environment, the seeds lose moisture, and the emergence rate is also influenced; if the seeding amount is too small, the problem that the buds cannot penetrate the ground is easily caused, the seeding amount is too large, seeds are wasted, the problems of crowded emergence, weak seedlings and the like are easily caused, through experimental research, when the plug seedling is adopted, seeding holes are 0.4-0.6 cm square, when the plug seedling is adopted, seeding holes are 0.5-2 cm square, the seeding amount of each plug seedling reaches 5-8 seeds, and sand is covered by 0.2-0.5 cm, the buds are easy to emerge under the common germination effect of a plurality of seeds, and the emergence rate of the limonium aureum is obviously improved. Under the same conditions, when the sowing depth of the plug seedling is 0.2cm, 0.5cm (the conditions are the same as the example 1) and 1cm, the emergence rate is 72%, 89% and 65% respectively, and when the sowing depth of the direct seeding seedling is 0.2cm, 1cm (the conditions are the same as the example 2) and 3cm, the emergence rate is 70%, 81% and 62% respectively. When the seed quantity of each hole of the plug seedling is 1, 3, 6 (the same conditions as in example 1) and 10, the emergence rate is 55%, 63%, 89% and 86% respectively, and when the seed quantity of each hole of the direct seeding seedling is 1, 3, 6 (the same conditions as in example 2) and 10, the emergence rate is 42%, 58%, 81% and 78% respectively; although the emergence rate is relatively close when the seeding rate is 6 grains and 10 grains, the research suggests that 6 grains per hole are selected for seeding in consideration of seed cost, late nursery stock preservation rate and the like.
The seedling raising method of the limonium aureum can adopt plug seedling or direct seeding seedling, seeds are directly sown in a prepared field in the direct seeding seedling raising, transplanting is not needed after seedling emergence, and the seedling emergence rate is more than 80% through sowing and seedling stage standardized management, so that time and labor are saved compared with plug greenhouse seedling raising. However, in the plug greenhouse seedling culture, although transplanting is needed, nutrient soil with organic matters more than or equal to 35% is used as a culture medium, the culture conditions such as temperature, humidity and rich water are easy to control, the seedlings are strong and regular, and the rate of emergence can reach about 90%, so that the plug greenhouse seedling culture has higher rate of emergence compared with direct seeding seedling culture.
S3, field management: cutting off the dried overground part from half month to 1 month before sprouting at the latest beginning in the next year; irrigating water for 1 time before blossom, in 7-8 months and at the bottom of 11 months respectively.
The limonium aureum is sensitive to moisture in the growth process, so in addition to the seedling stage, the moisture management needs to be paid attention to in the growth process of the later stage, and in addition, in order to ensure the soil nutrition, base fertilizer (2.5 tons/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer is deeply applied) can be applied before sowing for the limonium aureum to absorb and grow robustly.
By adopting the standardized seedling raising and planting method of the limonium aureum provided by the invention, the emergence rate can reach more than 80%, the survival rate of seedlings reaches 95%, and the survival rate of limonium aureum plants is still kept more than 90% after 3 years of planting.
As long as the temperature is proper, the seedling culture time can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn. Preferably, in the step S2, transplanting seedlings in the plug greenhouse in the time from 1 to 3 months per year, from the middle and last ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months; the time of direct seeding and seedling raising (field seedling raising) is from the middle and last ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months, the climate environment is relatively suitable, and the emergence rate and the seedling survival rate are more easily guaranteed.
Preferably, the method for seedling cultivation and land preparation before transplanting and direct seeding seedling cultivation in the plug greenhouse in the step S2 comprises the following steps: and (3) ploughing the soil deeply for at least 30cm, and applying 2-3 t/mu of organic fertilizer in combination with deep ploughing.
Preferably, the step S2 of transplanting seedlings in a plug greenhouse comprises the following steps: firstly, 8-12 cm square transplanting holes are prepared in the prepared land, the row spacing of transplanted plants is not less than 50cm multiplied by 50cm, the seedlings with the matrix are placed into the holes, the matrix and the seedlings are transplanted into the holes together, the damage caused by the peeling of the seedlings can be reduced, and the transplanting survival rate is improved.
Preferably, the row spacing of the direct seeding and seeding plants in the step S2 is not less than 50cm multiplied by 50 cm. According to the growth characteristics of the limonium aureum, the row spacing of the sown plants is not less than 50cm multiplied by 50cm, so that sufficient lighting, nutrition and growth space of the limonium aureum can be ensured, and the survival rate and the seed yield of the limonium aureum over many years are improved.
Preferably, the weed management during the seedling raising in the step S2 adopts artificial weeding, does not recommend chemical herbicide, and is easy to cause damage to the limonium aureum plants.
The limonium aureum flower blooms in 5-8 months, fruits come in 7-8 months, the seeds are not easy to fall off after being mature, and for the convenience of picking, the preferable step S1 is that the collection and storage method of the limonium aureum seeds comprises the following steps: taking the whole herb after the whole plant of the limonium aureum is dried up in the middle and upper ten days of 11 months each year to the lower ten days of the next year, drying the whole plant in the sun, separating the seeds from the plant by using a threshing machine, removing impurities in the seeds, airing the seeds, then putting the seeds into a cloth bag, and storing the cloth bag in a sterilized low-temperature, dried and ventilated room. The quality of the product reaches above grade III specified in GB 7908, and the product can be stored in a warehouse.
The seedling raising and planting method of the limonium aureum is particularly suitable for being used in the Hexi corridor area.
Example 1
1. Location and time
The test is carried out in the wine grape engineering center of the scientific research institute of forestry, Wuwei City, Gansu province. The solar heat collecting and maintaining system comprises 102 degrees of east longitude and 42 degrees of north latitude, 38 degrees of north latitude and 02 degrees of north latitude, the altitude is 1632m, the annual average rainfall is 160mm, the annual average evaporation capacity is 2020mm, the average air temperature is 7.8 ℃, the frost-free period is 150d, the sunshine hours is 2873.4h, the system belongs to temperate continental arid climate, and the soil is sandy loam.
2. Test method
2.1 seed harvesting and storage
The limonium aureum blooms in 5-8 months, fruits are grown in 7-8 months, after the whole limonium aureum is dried up in the middle and last ten days of 11 months, the whole limonium aureum is cut off, dried in the sun, seeds are separated from the plants by a threshing machine, sundries in the seeds are removed, the seeds are dried in the air and then put into a cloth bag, and the cloth bag is placed in a sterilized, dried and ventilated room for storage. The quality reaches the grade III specified in GB 7908 and is stored in a warehouse.
2.2 plug seedling in greenhouse
2.2.1 growing seedlings
Seed treatment: using 0.4% KNO before sowing3Treating Limonium aureum seeds with the solution (mass volume concentration) for 4min, soaking the seeds in 0.4% potassium permanganate solution (mass volume concentration) for 1.5h, taking out and drying in the air for later use.
Seedling culture: seedling is cultivated in a plug greenhouse. Filling nutrient soil (organic matter content is 35%) in the nutrient bowl, filling water, sowing in the next day, firstly preparing 0.5cm square sowing holes in each hole, sowing 6 seeds in each hole, and then covering sand by about 0.3 cm.
2.2.2 management of seedling stage
Water content management: spraying water in time after seeding to enable the water to slowly permeate the sand, and then spraying water 2-3 times every day according to the temperature in the morning and evening to enable the water to slowly permeate the sand each time. When the rate of emergence reaches 85%, water is sprayed for 1 time respectively in the morning and at night.
Weeding: the weeds are removed immediately, and artificial weeding is adopted.
The rate of emergence was determined to be 89%.
2.2.3 transplantation
2.2.3.1 preparation of land
Deeply ploughing the land 30cm before transplanting, applying decomposed organic fertilizer 2.5 t/mu in combination with deep ploughing, irrigating thoroughly after fertilizing, harrowing and grinding for leveling after 1 week, and compacting and preserving soil moisture for later use.
2.2.3.2 cultivation method
When the seedling grows for 40d (the crown width of the seedling grows to 16-36 cm)2) When transplanting, 10cm square transplanting holes with row spacing of 50cm x 50cm are prepared on the prepared land, the seedlings with the matrix are put into the holes, and the holes are righted, floated and compacted.
2.3 post-planting management
Water content management: and (3) timely irrigating water for 1 time after transplanting, and irrigating water for 1 time at the 5 th day of transplanting, wherein the water is irrigated for 1 time in each of 25 days in 6 months, 2 days in 8 months and 25 days in 11 months. In the next year, water is respectively filled for 1 time in 20 days in 4 months, 3 days in 6 months, 5 days in 8 months and 20 days in 11 months. The survival rate of the transplanting is determined to be 93 percent in the current year and 92 percent after 3 years.
Managing weeds: weeds in the early growth stage are removed by weeds, and the amount of weeds is reduced after seedlings grow up in the later stage, so that artificial weeding is performed as far as possible, and the damage of herbicides to the seedlings is avoided.
And (3) withered branch management: and (4) cutting off the dried overground parts in 12 months and 20-22 days in the current year, drying in the sun, taking seeds, and cleaning the dry branches and fallen leaves in the plantation.
Example 2
1. Location and time of experiment
The test is carried out in the wine grape engineering center of the scientific research institute of forestry, Wuwei City, Gansu province. The solar heat collecting and maintaining system comprises 102 degrees of east longitude and 42 degrees of north latitude, 38 degrees of north latitude and 02 degrees of north latitude, the altitude is 1632m, the annual average rainfall is 160mm, the annual average evaporation capacity is 2020mm, the average air temperature is 7.8 ℃, the frost-free period is 150d, the sunshine hours is 2873.4h, the system belongs to temperate continental arid climate, and the soil is sandy loam.
2. Test method
2.1 seed harvesting and storage
The limonium aureum blooms in 5-8 months, fruits are grown in 7-8 months, after the whole limonium aureum is dried up in the middle and last ten days of 11 months, the whole limonium aureum is cut off, dried in the sun, seeds are separated from the plants by a threshing machine, sundries in the seeds are removed, the seeds are dried in the air and then put into a cloth bag, and the cloth bag is placed in a sterilized, dried and ventilated room for storage. The quality reaches the grade III specified in GB 7908 and is stored in a warehouse.
2.2 direct seeding and seedling raising
2.2.1 land preparation
In autumn before spring seedling culture, deeply ploughing the land by 30cm, applying organic fertilizer 2.5 t/mu in combination with deep ploughing, and irrigating enough winter water. After the soil surface layer is unfrozen in the first ten days of 3 months in the next year, harrowing and grinding are carried out, and soil moisture is preserved by compacting. After the arrangement, mulching films are covered to serve as seedbeds, and sprinkling irrigation facilities are installed.
2.2.2 seed treatment
Using 0.4% KNO before sowing3Treating Limonium aureum seeds with the solution for 4min, soaking the seeds in 0.4% potassium permanganate solution for 1.5h, taking out and drying in the air for later use.
2.2.3 sowing
1-5 days in 5 months (at the temperature of 21-23 ℃), and sowing in a hole sowing mode; seeding rate: 0.5 kg/mu; plant row spacing: 50cm × 50 cm.
Sowing: when in sowing, the mulching film is firstly broken, sowing holes with the square of 1cm are opened, 6 seeds are uniformly sown in each hole, and then sand is covered for 0.3 cm.
2.2.4 field management
Water content management: after sowing, sprinkling irrigation is timely utilized to uniformly spray the nursery land until seedling growing holes are thoroughly wet, flood irrigation is not suitable to avoid flushing out seeds or hardening the seeds, and then moisturizing is sprayed for 2-3 times before seedling emergence according to the temperature in the morning and evening, so that the wetting of the sowing holes is ensured, particularly, moisturizing is carried out for multiple times during seedling growing in summer, and the damage of sunlight to the seedlings is reduced.
Watering for 1 time when the emergence rate reaches 75%, and then respectively spraying water for 1 time in the morning and at night (spraying water for 45d in total); irrigating for 1 time respectively for 6 months and 10 days, 7 months and 23 days, 8 months and 30 days, and 11 months and 30 days; in the next year, water is respectively filled for 1 time in 20 days in 4 months, 3 days in 6 months, 5 days in 8 months and 20 days in 11 months. As can be seen from fig. 1 and fig. 2, the emergence rate of the seedlings at the current year of sowing is high, most of the plants survive after 3 years, the emergence rate of the seedlings at the current year of sowing is 81% statistically, and the survival rate of the seedlings still remains 91% after 3 years.
Managing weeds: the seedling raising method is to observe the growth condition of weeds in the field in time, remove weeds immediately if the weeds grow, avoid the damage to seedlings caused by the overlarge growth of the weeds when weeding, and can only adopt artificial weeding and cannot use herbicides.
And (3) withered branch management: and (4) cutting off dried overground parts in 20-22 days in 12 months in the current year, drying in the sun, taking seeds, and cleaning the dry branches and fallen leaves in the plantation.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. A seedling raising and planting method of limonium aureum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of seeds: taking seeds of the daylily hematinic, and adding 0.3-0.5% KNO3Soaking seeds in the solution for 3-5 min, then soaking the seeds in 0.3-0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 1-2 h, taking out and drying in the air for later use;
s2, seedling culture: adopting plug-tray greenhouse seedling culture or direct seeding seedling culture at the temperature higher than 20 ℃;
the plug greenhouse seedling raising steps are as follows:
a. sowing: using nutrient soil with organic matter content of more than or equal to 35% as a culture medium, keeping the nutrient soil in a hole tray moist before sowing, preparing 0.4-0.6 cm square sowing holes in each hole, sowing 5-8 seeds subjected to the pretreatment in each hole, and then covering sand for 0.2-0.5 cm;
b. seedling stage management: watering in time after seeding, watering 2-3 times in the morning and evening according to the air temperature every day, keeping the seeding holes moist, and watering 1 time in the morning and evening when the emergence rate is more than or equal to 80%;
c. transplanting: when the crown width of the seedling grows to 16-36 cm2Beginning to transplant, irrigating water for 1 time after transplanting, irrigating water for 1 time after 3 d-7 d of transplanting, and thenAdding water in a proper amount according to the soil moisture condition, and filling water for 1 time respectively in 3 periods before flowering, 7-8 months and 11 months;
the direct seeding and seedling raising steps are as follows:
a. sowing: after land preparation, mulching a mulching film, using the mulching film as a seedbed, and sowing by adopting a hole sowing method, wherein the sowing amount is 0.5-1 kg/mu; during sowing, firstly breaking the mulching film, opening 0.5-2 cm square sowing holes, sowing 5-8 seeds subjected to the pretreatment in each hole, and then covering sand by 0.2-0.5 cm;
b. seedling stage management: watering in time after seeding, watering 2-3 times every day in the morning and evening according to the air temperature, keeping the seeding holes moist, watering for 1 time when the emergence rate reaches over 75%, and watering for 1 time according to the soil moisture content, wherein the watering needs to be carried out for 3 periods before the flower, 7-8 months and 11 months;
s3, field management: cutting off the dried overground part from half month to 1 month before sprouting at the latest beginning in the next year; and water is respectively irrigated for 1 time at least before flowering, in 7-8 months and at the bottom of 11 months.
2. The method for raising seedlings and planting Limonium aureum according to claim 1,
and step S2, the seedling raising time in the plug greenhouse is 1-3 months, and the seedling raising time in the plug greenhouse, transplanting, direct seeding and seedling raising is 4-5 ten days in the middle of the month.
3. The method for raising seedlings and planting Limonium aureum according to claim 1,
s2, the method for seedling cultivation and land preparation before plug greenhouse seedling cultivation and transplantation and direct seeding seedling cultivation comprises the following steps: and (3) ploughing the soil deeply for at least 30cm, and applying 2-3 t/mu of organic fertilizer in combination with deep ploughing.
4. The method for raising seedlings and planting Limonium aureum according to claim 1,
step S2, the plug greenhouse seedling transplanting step is as follows: firstly, transplanting holes with the square of 8-12 cm are prepared in the prepared land, the row spacing of transplanted plants is not less than 50cm multiplied by 50cm, and seedlings with matrixes are placed into the transplanting holes together.
5. The method for raising seedlings and planting Limonium aureum according to claim 1,
and step S2, the row spacing of the direct seeding and seedling raising sowing plants is not less than 50cm multiplied by 50 cm.
6. The method for raising seedlings and planting Limonium aureum according to claim 1,
and S2, artificial weeding is adopted for weed management during seedling raising.
7. The method for raising seedlings and planting Limonium aureum according to claim 1,
step S1, the method for collecting and storing the seeds of the limonium aureum comprises the following steps: taking the whole herb after the whole plant of the limonium aureum is dried, separating the seeds from the plant by a thresher after the whole plant of the limonium aureum is dried, removing impurities in the seeds, airing the seeds, putting the seeds into a cloth bag, and storing the cloth bag in a sterilized, low-temperature, dry and ventilated room from the first ten days of 11 months to the second ten days of the next year.
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| CN116210533A (en) * | 2022-12-31 | 2023-06-06 | 河北大学 | Seedling raising method for wild Limonium bicolor |
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