CN110915577B - Angelica keiskei seedling transplanting method - Google Patents
Angelica keiskei seedling transplanting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110915577B CN110915577B CN201911385059.6A CN201911385059A CN110915577B CN 110915577 B CN110915577 B CN 110915577B CN 201911385059 A CN201911385059 A CN 201911385059A CN 110915577 B CN110915577 B CN 110915577B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for transplanting angelica keiskei seedlings, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of seedling bed preparation, sowing, seedling stage management, seedling transplanting, post-planting management, intertillage, watering, topdressing and harvesting, seedling raising is carried out by utilizing coconut shell nutrient soil, humic acid vermiculite is covered, the germination rate of angelica keiskei seeds is guaranteed, the survival rate of seedlings is guaranteed through proper temperature and nutrient control in the seedling stage, density control during transplanting and water and fertilizer management after transplanting are carried out, the growth of the angelica keiskei after planting in soil in the north is guaranteed, small-area planting is carried out according to the method provided by the invention, the yield per mu is measured to be about 2500Kg, and a technical foundation is laid for introducing the angelica keiskei in northern areas of China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for transplanting angelica keiskei seedlings.
Background
The Angelica Keiskei Koidzmi belongs to the primary Oenanthes Javanica, has a place of origin in the Xiangzhu island, a famous healthy and long-lived place in Japan, and is a special plant for healthy and long-lived people commonly eaten by residents on the island of the zhu island. The tomorrow leaf is a perennial herb, the stem is yellow green, when the stem is cut off, yellow milk flows out, and the tomorrow leaf is called tomorrow leaf because of strong vitality and fast growth, and the trend of picking up leaves today and growing new buds tomorrow is strong. According to the research of international authority experts such as professor mazechu meijiang university of osaka medicine, the method has the following advantages that: the Angelica keiskei Koidz has the effects of resisting aging, ulcer, thrombi, cancer, blood pressure, blood lipid, blood sugar, and cholesterol, improving gastrointestinal function, sleep, vision, and immunity.
At present, relatively complete research is carried out on the active ingredients and the health efficacy of the angelica keiskei, and the anticancer activity of the angelica keiskei is found to be stronger than that of 44 common vegetables such as cauliflower, celery, carrot and the like. The main anticancer components are chalcone and coumarin compounds, especially two kinds of alkylenated chalcone, 4-hydroxy delrin and yellow angelol. In view of its particular medical efficacy, tomorrow leaf has been recognized by various communities as an emerging health plant with great potential for development. Nowadays, the angelica keiskei in japan, korea, taiwan, etc. has become a "healthy, active, long-life" versatile food, and the developed angelica keiskei products include: angelica keiskei tea, Angelica keiskei powder, fresh leaves and Angelica keiskei extract chalcone, etc. In addition, the angelica keiskei koidzumi is used for cultivating vegetables, is not easy to grow pests and diseases, does not need to spray pesticides, and is a safe green food. Due to the miraculous characteristic of the angelica keiskei koidzumi, related experts think that the angelica keiskei koidzumi has wide prospects in production and market development as 100% pure natural health-care green vegetables and pollution-free clean vegetables.
The angelica keiskei is suitable for high-cold environment, can be planted at medium and high altitudes all year round, and is suitable for autumn species at low altitude or plain areas. Taiwan province in China was introduced and cultivated widely from Japan more than 20 years ago, and tomorrow leaf has been reported to be introduced successfully in south China. The angelica keiskei is mainly sown and propagated, and if the germination acceleration is not carried out before sowing, the angelica keiskei is used for directly sowing seeds and can come out after about 40 days. Therefore, in actual operation, the seeds are generally germinated first and then transplanted. The soil type of the North China plain belongs to fertile loam, the climate belongs to warm-temperate continental monsoon climate, and the northern China plain is cold and dry in winter, so that the northern China plain is more suitable for the growth of the tomorrow leaf which is a plant with low temperature, and therefore, the method for transplanting the seedlings capable of improving the tomorrow leaf yield is particularly important for researching the northern China plain soil climate condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for effectively improving the survival rate of the angelica keiskei transplantation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for transplanting angelica keiskei seedlings comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of seedling bed
Laying seedbed in greenhouse, selecting coconut shell nutrient soil, adding N, P2O5、K2Paving soil into the seedbed to be 8-15 cm thick, and then spraying chlorine dioxide solution on the surface of the seedbed;
(2) seeding
Sowing and cultivating in spring and autumn, namely sowing the germinated tomorrow leaf seeds on the seedbed in the step (1), watering and drenching thoroughly, covering a layer of humic acid vermiculite after sowing until the seeds are not exposed, spraying water for drenching, slightly compacting, and covering a layer of humic acid vermiculite for seed covering;
(3) management of seedling stage
Keeping the temperature at 15-25 ℃, shading, keeping bed soil moist, applying urea in combination with watering when 2-3 main leaves of seedlings grow, dividing seedlings when 4 leaves appear in the growth of the Mingri leaf, transplanting each Mingri leaf seedling into a seedling tray, placing coconut shell nutrient soil in the seedling tray, and culturing to 15-20cm high in the seedling tray;
(4) transplanting of seedlings
Before transplanting, preparing soil and applying fertilizer, ditching and hole planting according to the row spacing requirement in a ridge, transplanting 1 plant in each hole with soil, planting the plant at the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 45cm, averagely about 4500 plants per mu, wherein the width of each ridge is 1m, two rows are arranged in each ridge, the hilling soil is suitable for burying the short and shortened stems and exposing heart leaves, the ridge is sealed while planting, the roots are irrigated after the vegetable fermentation liquid is diluted by 50-100 times before the ridge is sealed, and the watering is carried out after the ridge is sealed;
(5) post-planting management
a) Cultivating: after field planting and before ridge sealing, intertilling for 3-4 times, combining intertilling with ridging and clearing field weeds, and after seedling revival, squatting for 7-10 d according to growth conditions;
b) watering: watering the seedlings for one time after planting for 1 d;
c) topdressing: after the plants are transplanted for one week and turned green, dressing urea or biogas slurry, and dressing humic acid compound fertilizer by combining watering when the plant height is 25-30 cm;
(6) harvesting
Harvesting tender leaves: when the plant is 30-40 cm high and more than 4 leaves can be harvested, the outer leaves are cut off, 2 middle leaves are left, and the central leaves and the leaf stalks are cut off by scissors or sharp blades 5cm away from the ground during harvesting.
As some embodiments of the invention, when reserving seeds, the spacing between the rows and the plants in the step (4) is 50cm multiplied by 50cm, and the seedlings are placed in a greenhouse at the temperature of 15-25 ℃ and the humidity of 85-90 percent and harvested in 9-12 months of the third year.
As some embodiments of the present invention, N, P in the step (1)2O5、K2The proportion of N, P2O5 and K2O in the humic acid compound fertilizer of O is 15:15:15, the content of humic acid is 10 percent, and the application amount is 0.8-1.2 Kg/m 3.
As some embodiments of the present invention, the 30ppm chlorine dioxide solution in the step (1) is sprayed in an amount of 30 kg/acre.
As some embodiments of the invention, the spring sowing time in the step (2) is 2-3 months, and the autumn sowing time is 9-10 months.
As some embodiments of the present invention, the preparation method of the humic acid vermiculite in the step (2) is as follows: mixing 1ml of vermiculite and 10wt% of potassium humate solution according to the mass volume ratio of 2g, standing for 4 hours until the potassium humate is fully absorbed by the vermiculite, filtering to obtain filter residue, and drying at 105 ℃.
As some embodiments of the invention, said urea in step (3) is present every 667m2Applying 5Kg to 10 Kg.
As some embodiments of the present invention, the vegetable fermentation broth in step (4) is prepared by: cleaning fresh vegetables, adding brown sugar, wherein the mass ratio of the fresh vegetables to the brown sugar is 2-16: 1, carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 85-95 days, equally dividing the fermentation time into three stages, stirring once every day in the first stage, stirring once every three days in the second stage, not stirring in the third stage, avoiding bacterial contamination in the fermentation process, and finally filtering to obtain filtrate after fermentation is completed.
As some embodiments of the present invention, the vegetable fermentation broth in step (4) is diluted 50-100 times and then irrigated with 500ml of root.
As some embodiments of the invention, the soil preparation and fertilization before transplanting in the step (4) is 1000-1500 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer.
As some embodiments of the invention, the urea in the step (5) is 7.5 Kg/mu or the biogas slurry is 200 Kg/mu, and the humic acid compound fertilizer is used for each 667m2Applying 38-44 kg.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in:
the method provided by the invention utilizes nutrient soil of coconut shells to grow seedlings, covers humic acid vermiculite, ensures the germination rate of angelica keiskei seeds, ensures the survival rate of seedlings by controlling the proper temperature and nutrition in the seedling stage, adopts vegetable fermentation liquor to dilute and irrigate roots during transplanting, has short seedling revival time, ensures the growth of the angelica keiskei after field planting in soil in the north by controlling the density and managing the water and fertilizer after transplanting, implements small-area planting according to the method provided by the invention, has the measured yield of about 2500Kg per mu, and lays a technical foundation for introducing the angelica keiskei in northern areas of China.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows a plot layout for a plant density experiment;
fig. 2 shows a plot arrangement for the staging experiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail and fully with reference to the following embodiments.
In this embodiment, the humic acid vermiculite is prepared as follows: 2000g of vermiculite is added with 1000ml of 10% potassium humate solution and mixed, then the mixture is kept stand for 4 hours until the vermiculite fully absorbs the potassium humate, and filter residue is obtained by filtration and dried at 105 ℃.
The vegetable fermentation broth is prepared as follows: cleaning 7 parts of fresh vegetables, adding 1 part of brown sugar, performing anaerobic fermentation for 90 days, dividing the fermentation time into three stages, stirring once every day for the first 30 days, stirring once every three days for the middle 30 days, not stirring for the last 30 days, and filtering after the fermentation is finished to obtain filtrate.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of seedling bed
Spreading seedbed in greenhouse, selecting coconut shell nutrient soil (pulverized coconut shell brick), adding N: P per cubic meter205:K2O is 15:15:15, 1kg of humic acid compound fertilizer is added, and soil is paved into a seedbed with the thickness of 10 cm. Then 30ppm food-grade chlorine dioxide solution is sprayed on the surface of the seedbed according to the amount of 30 kg/mu, the doors and windows of the greenhouse are closed to sterilize for 24 hours, and then the windows are opened to ventilate for 24 hours.
(2) Seeding
And (3) sowing and cultivating the seedlings in 16 days in 2 months, namely sowing the germinating angelica keiskei seeds to the seedbed in the step (1), so that the seedlings are diluted and then supplemented, and the sowing and stacking are prevented. After the angelica keiskei seeds are sowed, a layer of self-made humic acid vermiculite is required to be covered, the thickness is preferably that the seeds are not exposed, when the seeds are covered, the seeds are preferably thoroughly sprayed, then the humic acid vermiculite is covered, and after the seeds are covered, water is sprayed once. Lightly compacting with a wood board, watering and wetting, covering a thin layer on the wood board, and sieving to prepare the 'humic acid vermiculite' for seed masking. The combination of the seeds and the soil is kept, so that the seedlings of the seeds are tidy.
(3) Management of seedling stage
The temperature is kept at 15-25 ℃, the seedbed can be covered and protected by pine hair, straws or sunshade nets, and covers such as the pine hair or the straws are required to be removed in time when two cotyledons are unfolded. Keeping the bed soil moist in the seedling stage, watering with small water frequently, and applying 8 kg of urea for each 667m2 by combining watering when 2-3 true leaves of the seedling are planted. Separating seedlings when the angelica keiskei leaves grow to 4 leaves, separately planting each angelica keiskei leaf seedling in a seedling tray, placing coconut shell nutrient soil in the seedling tray, and culturing in the seedling tray until the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm.
(4) Transplanting of seedlings
Preparing land preparation: soil is controlled to be about pH =6, and the soil is turned and sunned for disinfection. Before planting and field planting, about 1500 kg/mu of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer and 100kg of humic acid organic bacterial fertilizer are applied to each mu, and the fertilizers are uniformly mixed into a plough layer in combination with soil preparation so as to be beneficial to root absorption.
Transplanting and field planting: ditching and hole planting are carried out in the ridge according to the requirement of line spacing, 1 plant is planted in each hole, transplanting is carried out with soil, the row spacing of the plants is 30cm multiplied by 45cm, about 4500 plants are averagely carried out per mu, the width of each ridge is 1m, two lines are arranged in each ridge, the hilling soil is suitable for burying the short stems and exposing the core leaves, the ridge is sealed while planting, 500ml of vegetable fermentation liquor is used for diluting 50 times before sealing the ridge and flattening the ridge, then root irrigation is carried out, and watering is carried out immediately.
(5) Post-planting management
a) Cultivating: and (3) intertilling for 3-4 times after field planting and before ridge sealing, and combining intertilling with ridging and field weed removal. And (5) squatting the seedlings for 7 d-10 d according to growth conditions after seedling buffering.
b) Watering: the principle of watering is to keep the soil moist and ensure the water supply in the vigorous growth period. After planting for 1d, watering once for seedling revival. If the temperature is too high, small water can be poured for cooling, and the watering is stopped in the squatting seedling stage.
c) Topdressing: after the transplanting is turned green for one week, 7.5 kilograms of urea are applied to 200 kilograms of biogas slurry once per mu. When the plant height is 25 cm-30 cm, watering is combined for each 667m240kg of humic acid compound fertilizer is applied.
(6) Harvesting: the harvest can last to 12 months after 8 months. Harvesting should be carried out in due time as required. The water is cut off one week before harvesting, so that hollow petioles and quality reduction are prevented. When the method is used, the petioles and the inner leaves are not damaged, and the heart leaves are left enough to facilitate the continuous growth of the inner leaves of the old plants. Harvesting tender leaves: when the plant is 30-40 cm high and more than 4 leaves can be harvested, the outer leaves are cut off, 2 middle leaves are left, and the central leaves and the leaf stalks are cut off by scissors or sharp blades 5cm away from the ground during harvesting.
Harvesting tender leaves: when the plant height is 30-40 cm and more than 4 leaves can be harvested, the outer leaves are cut off, and 2 middle leaves are left. When 4-5 leaves exist, the new leaf stalk in the middle is extended, and the quality is best when the leaves are just unfolded or not unfolded. The leaves are yellow green and glossy, and the weight of each leaf is 25 to 30 grams. When in collection, the heart and the petiole are cut off by scissors or sharp blades 5cm away from the ground. The young leaves should be harvested in time, otherwise the old fibers are increased, and the quality is reduced.
And (3) collecting old leaves: if the plants in the middle and later stages grow excessively and are shaded mutually, the aged leaves are caused when the plants are not harvested in time.
Example 2
(1) Preparation of seedling bed
Spreading seedbed in greenhouse, selecting coconut shell nutrient soil (pulverized coconut shell brick), adding N: P per cubic meter205:K2O is 15:15:15, 1kg of humic acid compound fertilizer is added, and soil is paved into a seedbed with the thickness of 10 cm. Then 30ppm food-grade chlorine dioxide solution is sprayed on the surface of the seedbed according to the amount of 30 kg/mu, the doors and windows of the greenhouse are closed to sterilize for 24 hours, and then the windows are opened to ventilate for 24 hours.
(2) Seeding
And (3) sowing and cultivating the seedlings in 22 days in 9 months, namely sowing the germinating angelica keiskei seeds to the seedbed in the step (1), so that the seedlings are diluted and then supplemented, and the sowing and stacking are prevented. After the angelica keiskei seeds are sowed, a layer of self-made humic acid vermiculite is required to be covered, the thickness is preferably that the seeds are not exposed, when the seeds are covered, the seeds are preferably thoroughly sprayed, then the humic acid vermiculite is covered, and after the seeds are covered, water is sprayed once. Lightly compacting with a wood board, watering and wetting, covering a thin layer on the wood board, and sieving to prepare the 'humic acid vermiculite' for seed masking. The combination of the seeds and the soil is kept, so that the seedlings of the seeds are tidy.
(3) Management of seedling stage
The temperature is kept at 15-25 ℃, the seedbed can be covered and protected by pine hair, straws or sunshade nets, and covers such as the pine hair or the straws are required to be removed in time when two cotyledons are unfolded. Keeping the bed soil moist in the seedling stage, watering with small water frequently, and applying 8 kg of urea for each 667m2 by combining watering when 2-3 true leaves of the seedling are planted. Separating seedlings when the angelica keiskei leaves grow to 4 leaves, separately planting each angelica keiskei leaf seedling in a seedling tray, placing coconut shell nutrient soil in the seedling tray, and culturing in the seedling tray until the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm.
(4) Transplanting of seedlings
Preparing soil preparation, controlling the pH of the soil to be about =6, and tedding the soil for disinfection. High-quality decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of land before planting at a rate of about 1500 kg/mu, and the fertilizer is uniformly mixed into the plough layer in combination with land preparation so as to be beneficial to root absorption.
Transplanting and planting in a greenhouse in the middle ten days of the next 3 months, ditching and hole planting according to the row spacing requirement in a furrow, transplanting 1 plant in each hole with soil, wherein the row spacing of the plant is 50cm multiplied by 50cm, earthing up is preferably to bury the short shrub and expose core leaves, sealing the furrow and leveling the furrow while planting, diluting 50 times by using vegetable fermentation liquor before sealing the furrow and leveling the furrow, then irrigating 500ml of roots, and immediately watering.
(5) Post-planting management
a) Cultivating: and (3) intertilling for 3-4 times after field planting and before ridge sealing, and combining intertilling with ridging and field weed removal. And (5) squatting the seedlings for 7 d-10 d according to growth conditions after seedling buffering.
b) Watering: the principle of watering is to keep the soil moist and ensure the water supply in the vigorous growth period. After planting for 1d, watering once for seedling revival. If the temperature is too high, small water can be poured for cooling, and the watering is stopped in the squatting seedling stage.
c) Topdressing: after the transplanting is turned green for one week, 7.5 kilograms of urea are applied to 200 kilograms of biogas slurry once per mu. When the plant height is 25 cm-30 cm, watering is combined for each 667m240kg of humic acid compound fertilizer is applied.
d) The suitable temperature of the growing period of the tomorrow leaves in the greenhouse is 15-25 ℃, and the humidity is more than 85%. The leaf of tomorrow has high requirements on soil humidity and air relative humidity, and is ventilated and dehumidified in time after watering.
(6) Reserving seeds: harvesting the angelica keiskei seeds planted in the greenhouse, and cutting off the lower leaves at proper time to control the root system to grow well. If the leaves are not picked, the seedlings can bolt and flower in the second year, and the plants die immediately after the flowers and the fruits are bloomed. About 70% of bolting occurs in 7-11 months in the next year, and seeds can be continuously harvested from 9-12 months due to irregular bolting and flowering. Each plant can collect 50-100 g of seeds, and the thousand seed weight of the seeds is about 15-17 g.
Experimental example 1 plant Density test
And (3) experimental design: the test is repeated for three times, and the test is randomly arranged, each cell has an area of 30 square meters, the walking paths among the blocks are 0.5 meter, and the cell arrangement is as shown in figure 1.
The test technical measures are as follows: 1. seedling culture: uniformly sowing in 25 days in 8 months, adopting a seedling raising and transplanting mode, and preventing diseases twice in a dikesong seedling stage. 2. Transplanting and field management: before transplanting, finely preparing soil according to test requirements, opening the compartment with 3.5 meters, wherein the width of the ditch is 0.5 meter, the surface of the compartment is 3 meters, and each compartment is a repetition (two ends are protection rows). And applying 45 kilograms of decomposed farmyard manure to each cell. As base fertilizer: uniformly transplanting the mole crickets in 10 months and 5 days, wherein the transplanting density is A (30cm multiplied by 40 cm), B (30cm multiplied by 45 cm), C (30cm multiplied by 50cm), 0.15 kg of urea is added into water and applied to a community for the first time after transplanting in 10 days (11 months and 15 days), and the mole crickets are prevented by spraying once on the ground which is full of land. The myzus trifoliatus fog is used for preventing and treating aphids once every 14 th of Yuanyue.
And (4) analyzing results: the test is that 8 harvests are carried out in 2-8-10 days, the average yield of the cell A is 67 kilograms, the yield per mu is 1490 kilograms, the average yield of the cell B is 77 kilograms, the yield per mu is 1710 kilograms, the average yield of the cell C is 74 kilograms, and the yield per mu is 1640 kilograms. The results are arranged as B density > C density > A density. As a result, the transplanting density is most preferably 30 cm. times.45 cm.
Experimental example 2 fertilization mode test
And (3) experimental design: the experiment was set up in triplicate in random blocks. The cells are the same as the density test.
Base fertilizer: applying decomposed farmyard manure of 36 kg (equivalent to 1300 kg/mu) in each cell, topdressing for one week of transplantation, topdressing urea of 7.5kg per mu for 200kg of biogas slurry once, and topdressing urea of 4kg per mu after each cutting. B. Base fertilizer: applying 45 kilograms of decomposed farmyard manure (equivalent to 1500 kilograms per mu) in each cell, applying 7.5 kilograms of urea per mu for topdressing 200 kilograms of biogas slurry once after transplanting one week and applying 4 kilograms of urea per mu for topdressing once every harvesting later. C. Applying 54 kilograms of decomposed farmyard manure (equivalent to 1900 kilograms per mu) in each cell, applying 7.5 kilograms of urea per mu for topdressing 200 kilograms of biogas slurry once after transplanting one week and applying 4 kilograms of urea per mu after harvesting each time later.
The test technical measures are as follows: 1. seedling culture: uniformly sowing in 25 days in 8 months, adopting a seedling raising and transplanting mode, and preventing diseases twice in a seedling releasing and loosening period. 2. Transplanting and field management: before transplanting, according to the test requirements, 3.5 meters of boxes are opened, the width of the ditch is 0.5 meter, the surfaces of the boxes are 3 meters, and the unified transplanting is carried out for 11 months and 5 days in each mu of box. Transplanting, spraying pest and ground full of land once after one week, and preventing mole cricket once in 14 days of Yuanyue. Then the top dressing mode is carried out according to the treatment requirements of A, B, C.
And (4) analyzing results: the test was divided into 8 harvests from 10 days in 2 months to 10 days in 8 months. The average yield of the A cell is 70 kilograms, the average yield of the B cell is 75 kilograms, the average yield of the C cell is 73 kilograms, 1600 kilograms of decomposed farmyard manure is applied per mu in the B mode, 7.5 kilograms of urea is applied to 200 kilograms of biogas slurry once per mu after 1 week or about 10 days of transplantation, 4 kilograms of urea is applied to each mu after each harvest in the future as the best fertilizing mode, and the yield reaches the highest.
Experimental example 3 staged seeding test
Test design: four treatments and three repetitions of random block permutation were used. The area of each cell is 30 square meters, the interval walk is 0.5 meter, sowing is carried out in three seasons of autumn, winter and spring, A is 10 and 15 days in autumn, B is 15 days in winter and 4 and 15 days in spring, and the cell arrangement is shown in figure 2.
Test seedling raising technical measures: according to the test requirements, the method is carried out in a greenhouse which is leeward, exposed to the sun, high in soil fertility and convenient to drain and irrigate, 2 meters of boxes are opened, the width of each channel is 0.5 meter, the surfaces of the boxes are 2 meters, each box is repeated, no protection row is arranged, 30 kilograms of decomposed farmyard manure is applied to each cell, sufficient base manure is applied, and diketen is used for disinfecting the soil once. The seeding mode is the same, the seed consumption of each district is 30 g, the seeds are soaked in warm water for 24 hours and then drained, and then the seeds are mixed with appropriate fine soil for direct seeding, flattened and watered.
And (4) analyzing results: A. sowing in autumn (10 months and 15 days): seedlings emerge from 3 days in 12 months, the Yuanyue 5 days are basically flush, and the seedlings grow to two leaves and one heart in 2 months and reach the standard average 145 seedlings of commercial seedlings. B. Winter sowing (Yuanyue 15 days): seedlings emerge from 3 months and 6 days, and emerge almost at the same time in 4 months and 20 days, and the number of commercial seedlings in the plot is only 28 on average. C. Spring sowing (4 months and 15 days): seedlings emerge in 5 months and 7 days, and basically emerge in the same place in 6 months and 20 days, and the average number of commercial seedlings in a cell is 112. Through experimental comparison: in autumn and spring, seeding is the best.
Experimental example 4 seed reservation test
And (3) experimental design: because the seed reserving test is influenced by more factors, the invention only carries out simple comparison test, namely the timely leaf picking and seed reserving test and the non-leaf picking and seed reserving test.
The test cultivation technical measures are as follows: 1. seedling culture: uniformly sowing in 9 months and 15 days, adopting a seedling transplanting method, and performing antisepsis twice in the seedling stage by using carbendazim. 2. Transplanting and field management. The areas of the greenhouses are 100 square meters respectively, and 100 kilograms of farmyard manure is applied as base fertilizer. Planting for 11 months and 15 days, and topdressing twice in the same period after transplanting.
And (3) analyzing test results: harvesting leaves at a proper time, controlling the growth of roots well, prolonging the service life and allowing a small amount of flowers to bloom in the next year; most ears and flowers in the second year without picking leaves, and the plants die immediately after the flowers and the fruits. In practice, due to the difference and the relation between the ground and the underground part which are difficult to control, about 70 percent of heading is generated in 10 months in the next year, the heading and flowering are irregular, the seeds are continuously harvested from 9 months to 10 months in the seed harvesting period, each plant can harvest 50 to 100 grams of seeds, the thousand seed weight of the seeds is about 15 to 17 kilograms, and the seeds are reserved without leaves.
Experimental example 5
Selecting 200 seedlings, randomly dividing into root irrigation groups and control groups, each group comprises 100 seedlings, diluting with vegetable fermentation liquor by 50 times before sealing and leveling furrows in the transplanting process of the root irrigation groups, then taking 500ml of root irrigation, and immediately watering. The control group directly seals the ditch and level the ridge, immediately waters, observes the number of the wilting plants, and after verification, the number of the wilting plants in the root irrigation group is 7, and the number of the wilting plants in the control group is 85.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for transplanting angelica keiskei seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of seedling bed
Laying seedling bed in greenhouse, selecting coconut shell nutrient soil, adding N, P2O5、K2Paving soil into a seedling bed with the thickness of 8-15 cm, and then spraying 30ppm chlorine dioxide solution on the surface of the seedling bed;
(2) seeding
Sowing and cultivating in spring and autumn, namely sowing the germinated tomorrow leaf seeds to the seedling bed in the step (1), watering and thoroughly spraying, covering a layer of humic acid vermiculite after sowing until the seeds are not exposed, spraying water for wetting, slightly compacting, and covering a layer of humic acid vermiculite for seed covering; the preparation method of the humic acid vermiculite comprises the following steps: mixing 1ml of vermiculite and 10wt% of potassium humate solution according to the mass volume ratio of 2g, standing for 4 hours until the potassium humate is fully absorbed by the vermiculite, filtering to obtain filter residue, and drying at 105 ℃;
(3) management of seedling stage
Keeping the temperature at 15-25 ℃, shading, keeping bed soil moist, applying urea in combination with watering when 2-3 main leaves of seedlings grow, dividing seedlings when 4 leaves appear in the growth of the Mingri leaf, transplanting each Mingri leaf seedling into a seedling tray, placing coconut shell nutrient soil in the seedling tray, and culturing to 15-20cm high in the seedling tray;
(4) transplanting of seedlings
Before transplanting, preparing soil and applying fertilizer, ditching and hole planting according to the row spacing requirement in a ridge, transplanting 1 plant in each hole with soil, planting the plant at the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 45cm, averagely about 4500 plants per mu, having the ridge width of 1m and two rows per ridge, filling the soil after burying the shortened stem and exposing the heart leaves, sealing the groove and leveling the ridge while planting, diluting by 50-100 times with a vegetable fermentation liquid before sealing the groove and leveling the ridge, and watering immediately;
(5) post-planting management
a) Cultivating: after field planting and before ridge sealing, intertilling for 3-4 times, combining intertilling with ridging and clearing field weeds, and after seedling revival, squatting for 7-10 d according to growth conditions;
b) watering: watering the seedlings for one time after planting for 1-2 d;
c) topdressing: after the plants are transplanted for one week and turned green, dressing urea and biogas slurry, and dressing humic acid compound fertilizer by combining watering when the plant height is 25-30 cm;
(6) harvesting
Harvesting tender leaves: when the plant is 30-40 cm high and more than 4 leaves can be harvested, the outer leaves are cut off, 2 middle leaves are left, and the central leaves and the leaf stalks are cut off by scissors or sharp blades 5cm away from the ground during harvesting.
2. The method for transplanting angelica keiskei seedlings according to claim 1, wherein during seed reservation, the spacing between rows in the step (4) is 50cm x 50cm, the seedlings are placed in a greenhouse at the temperature of 15-25 ℃ and the humidity of 85-90%, and the seedlings are planted for 9-12 months and harvested in the third year.
3. The method for transplanting angelica keiskei seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein N, P in the step (1)2O5、K2N, P in humic acid compound fertilizer of O2O5、K2The ratio of O is 15:15:15, the content of humic acid is 10wt%, and the application amount is 0.8-1.2 Kg/m3And the chlorine dioxide solution is sprayed according to the amount of 50 kg/mu.
4. The method for transplanting the angelica keiskei seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spring sowing time in the step (2) is 2-3 months, and the autumn sowing time is 9-10 months.
5. The method for transplanting angelica keiskei seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein urea is added to 667m in step (3)2Applying 5Kg to 10 Kg.
6. The method for transplanting angelica keiskei seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the vegetable fermentation liquor in the step (4) is prepared by the following method: cleaning fresh vegetables, adding brown sugar, wherein the mass ratio of the fresh vegetables to the brown sugar is 2-16: 1, carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 85-95 days, equally dividing the fermentation time into three stages, stirring once every day in the first stage, stirring once every three days in the second stage, not stirring in the third stage, avoiding bacterial contamination in the fermentation process, and finally filtering to obtain filtrate after fermentation is completed.
7. The method for transplanting angelica keiskei seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vegetable fermentation broth in the step (4) is diluted by 50-100 times and then is irrigated with 500ml of roots.
8. The method for transplanting angelica keiskei seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that the soil preparation and fertilization before transplanting in step (4) is 1000-1500 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer.
9. The method for transplanting tomorrow leaf seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the urea in the step (5) is 7.5 Kg/mu or the biogas slurry is 200 Kg/mu, and the humic acid compound fertilizer is used for 667 m/mu2Applying 38-44 kg.
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