CN103416202B - A kind of method of bulb cutting propagation kohlrabi parental seed - Google Patents

A kind of method of bulb cutting propagation kohlrabi parental seed Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103416202B
CN103416202B CN201310346435.7A CN201310346435A CN103416202B CN 103416202 B CN103416202 B CN 103416202B CN 201310346435 A CN201310346435 A CN 201310346435A CN 103416202 B CN103416202 B CN 103416202B
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bulb
kohlrabi
plant
parental seed
seed
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CN103416202A (en
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吴国平
刘小风
王建华
秦文斌
毛忠良
陈智超
潘跃平
戴忠良
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Zhenjiang Ruifan Agricultural Gardening Co Ltd
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Zhenjiang Ruifan Agricultural Gardening Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention belongs to a kind of method of vegetables breeding, particularly a kind of method of cutting propagation kohlrabi parental seed, belongs to breeding technique field.After the present invention utilizes kohlrabi parental seed to gather in the crops, after promoting that in plant base portion axil, leaf bud further growth develops into bulb, then take the mode of cuttage, make bulb nourish and grow into kohlrabi plant, breed parental seed of future generation.Bulb cutting propagation kohlrabi parental seed method is simple, and planting percent is high, and seedling matter is healthy and strong, can improve purity and the breeding output of parental seed of future generation.

Description

A kind of method of bulb cutting propagation kohlrabi parental seed
Technical field:
The invention belongs to a kind of method of vegetables breeding, particularly a kind of method of cutting propagation kohlrabi parental seed, belongs to breeding technique field.
Technical background:
Kohlrabi, also known as kohlrabi (Brassica olerecea L.var.caulorapa), is Cruciferae, Brassica genus, brassica specie vegetables, originates in European Mediterranean to the North Sea littoral.Fruit kohlrabi and vegetables kohlrabi is divided into by edible type, be divided into purple kohlrabi, white kohlrabi, blue or green kohlrabi etc. by ball look, kohlrabi has quite high nutritive value, more than head cabbage one times of the content of its carbohydrate and nitrogen substance, doubly, the vitamin C that it contains is equivalent to Citrus to the many 0.5-1 of vitamin.The area of south China and Sichuan cultivation is comparatively large, and lower Yangtze regional culture area increases year by year in recent years.Seed demand increases, and also presents variation to the requirement of kind, and in the face of the demand in market, many R&D institutions have carried out the work of kohlrabi breeding of new variety.
Parent is the basis of breeding of new variety, and kohlrabi generally adopts the seed growing of selfing parental seed of future generation, but after parental seed selfing 4-5 generation, the easy chrysanthemum of bud, gynoecium compatibility declines, and plants sexual involution, parental seed is bred output and is reduced, and directly arrives the purity affecting parental seed of future generation.Employing parental seed of nourishing and generating can avoid kind of a sexual involution, improve purity, though the leaf bud of kohlrabi middle leaf midaxilla plant of cuttage and seedling culture after HORMONE TREATMENT can be utilized to breed parental seed of future generation, there is the shortcomings such as high to technical requirement, time-consumingly take a lot of work, planting percent is low, seedling matter is weak.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to utilize that the seed growing of inbreeding of more generation parental seed kind of future generation is easily degenerated, purity is deteriorated for kohlrabi, breeding production declining and utilize axillalry bud to breed parental seed of future generation through the plant of HORMONE TREATMENT cutting propagation, but exist high to technical requirement, time-consumingly to take a lot of work, planting percent is low, seedling matter is weak shortcoming.After parental seed results, by cultivation management, promote plant continued growth, after the leaf bud further growth in base portion axil develops into bulb, then kohlrabi plant is nourished and grown in cuttage, breeds parental seed of future generation.
The present invention breeds kohlrabi parent by following steps:
A bulb cutting propagation kohlrabi parent's method, is characterized in that: first after kohlrabi parental seed results, by cultivation management, will promote that in axil, leaf bud continued growth develops into bulb; Then adopt the mode of cuttage, make it nourish and grow into kohlrabi plant, breed parental seed of future generation.Concrete steps are:
After step one, kohlrabi parental seed results, plant base portion retains 40-60cm, by taking to remove withered, Lao Ye, the urea of water yield 1-1.5% is imposed in conjunction with watering, prevent eliminating aphis with the Imidacloprid 500-700 times liquid of 10% simultaneously, with cultivation steps such as 25% pyrethrins 800-1000 times of liquid control cabbage caterpillars, promote the continued growth of kohlrabi plant, after leaf bud further growth in plant to be planted base portion axil develops into bulb, then carry out cuttage;
Step 2, by after the cuttage of described bulb seedling medium, scaffolding covered with sunshade net, Small plastic shed is built in canopy, covered with plastic film on Small plastic shed, in maintenance Small plastic shed, temperature is lower than 25 DEG C, and humidity cultivates seedling under being greater than the condition of 70%, seedling is through heeling in cultivation, grow on bulb and have 3-4 layer blade, bulb diameter 9-12cm, the kohlrabi plant of well developed root system;
Step 3, before described kohlrabi plant blossom, in booth, breed parental seed of future generation.
In the described step one of said method, when bulb there being 1 layer of blade, when bulb grows to diameter 4-5cm, related 4-5cm branch when cutting bulb, carries out cuttage.
In described step 2, total amount of organic >=25% of matrix, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total content >=2%, total porosity is 50-70%, is rich in trace element, pH6.0-7.0; The shading rate of sunshade net is 70%-80%.When bulb there being 2 layers of blade, bulb diameter reaches 6-7cm, root has during the above adventive root of 30-40 bar heels in seedbed, the Imidacloprid 500-700 times liquid of 10% is adopted to prevent eliminating aphis, tpn with 75% 600 times of liquid prevent and treat downy mildew, keep ground moistening, treat that bulb grows up to containing the plant above having 3-4 layer blade, diameter is 9-12cm, well developed root system.
In described step 3, when breeding, booth 40 order fly net isolation allos pollen prevent a string of flowers before flowering, when the flowers are in blossom to 1/4-1/3 for plant stem, carry out bud pollination, each 10-12 flower bud, every branch is pinched after doing 3-4 bud pollination, after pollination terminates, every 7 days with 10% Imidacloprid 500-700 times liquid add that 25% pyrethrins 800-1000 times liquid is anti-to eliminate aphis and cabbage caterpillar, when plant kind pod color become faint yellow by green, in pod during seed blackening, results parental seed of new generation in time.
After kohlrabi parental seed is gathered in the crops by the present invention, after promoting that in plant base portion axil, leaf bud further growth develops into bulb, then take the mode of cuttage, make bulb nourish and grow into kohlrabi plant, breed parental seed of future generation.Bulb cutting propagation kohlrabi parental seed method is simple, and the time is shorter, and planting percent is high, and seedling matter is healthy and strong, significantly improves purity and the breeding output of parental seed of future generation.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one
The production process of bulb cutting propagation kohlrabi parental seed
Step one, kohlrabi is that the parent 0202-6(variety source that kohlrabi new varieties are prepared used by Ruifan Agricultural Gardening Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang City is preserved in Ruifan Agricultural Gardening Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang City), after parental seed results on June 1, plant base portion retains 40cm plant, remove withered, Lao Ye, the urea of the water yield 1% is imposed in conjunction with watering, prevent eliminating aphis with Imidacloprid 500 times of liquid of 10% simultaneously, with cultivation steps such as 25% pyrethrins, 800 times of liquid control cabbage caterpillars, promote plant strain growth, treat the bulb in axil there be 1 layer of blade, when growing to diameter 4cm, cut bottom set and related 4cm branch, carry out cuttage,
Step 2, described bulb reached cuttage standard June 20, during cuttage, first grow seedlings of vegetable dedicated substrate (the Denmark Pin Shi matrix that market is sold will be selected, this matrix organic total amount >=25%, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total content >=2%, total porosity is 50-70%, be rich in trace element, nutrient is comprehensive, also be rich in other active short root material, pH6.0-7.0), and after medicine sterilization being mixed to matrix with the carbendazim medicinal powder of matrix weight 0.5%, load in the flowerpot of diameter 15cm, then cuttage 1 bulb in each flowerpot, the carbendazim medicinal powder that during cuttage, bulb is stained with imbeds matrix by 1/3 of bulb, blade can be cut 1/2 for reducing evaporation discharge, and then select irrigation and drainage easily seedbed by flowerpot marshalling, adopt the sunshade net cooling of scaffolding covering 80% shading rate, make temperature lower than 25 DEG C, take the moisturizing of Small plastic shed covered with plastic film, humidity is made to be greater than 70%, water a water every day, irregular spraying can be taked as having ready conditions, ensure humidity, after cuttage 15 days just start root of hair, within 20 days, remove plastic film and sunshade net afterwards, watered a water every one day, keep matrix moistening, after 40 days, bulb has 2 layers of blade, diameter to reach 7cm, have during more than 30 adventive root and will heel in seedbed, river sand when heeling in: vegetable garden soil: humus soil by the proportions Nutrition Soil of 2:4:4, and carries out disinfection to Nutrition Soil with formalin 500 times of liquid of 40%, and ridge bed is made in seedbed, about height of bed 10cm, wide 120cm.Heeling in distance between rows and hills is 20cm × 25cm; And cover 20 object fly nets and prevent aphid from invading, a water is watered every 5-7 days, every 10 days with 10% Imidacloprid 500-700 times liquid anti-to eliminate aphis, the tpn 600 times of liquid adding 75% prevent and treat downy mildew, keep the cultivation management measures such as ground moistening, late September grows up on bulb has 4 layers of blade, bulb diameter 11cm, the plant of well developed root system;
Step 3, the field planting of described kohlrabi plant are when breeding booth, and 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers executed by every mu of base, 1000 kilograms of fertilizers; Do the wide little high ridge of 80cm, furrow width 30cm, late September field planting, distance between rows and hills 60cm × 45cm; Before blooming booth with 40 order fly nets isolation kinds prevent a string of flowers, when stem the flowers are in blossom to 1/3 time carry out bud pollination, each 12 flower buds, every branch is pinched after doing 3 bud pollinations.After bud pollination terminates, every 7 days with 10% Imidacloprid 500-700 times liquid anti-to eliminate aphis, prevent and treat cabbage caterpillar with 25% pyrethrins 800-1000 times of liquid, when plant kind pod color become faint yellow by green, in pod during seed blackening, results parental seed of new generation in time.
Comparative example
The production process of seed growing kohlrabi parental seed
Kohlrabi 0202-6 parental seed was sowed August 5, adopt grow seedlings of vegetable dedicated substrate (the Denmark Pin Shi matrix that market is sold) 72 hole point disk seedling growings, September 1 was heeled in, and during late September field planting, bulb had 4 layers of blade, bulb diameter 10cm, the plant that root system is complete; During field planting, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers executed by every mu of base, 1000 kilograms of fertilizers; Do the wide little high ridge of 80cm, furrow width 30cm, distance between rows and hills 60cm × 45cm; Before blooming with 40 order fly nets isolation kinds prevent a string of flowers, when stem the flowers are in blossom to 1/3 time carry out bud pollination, each 12 flower buds, every branch is pinched after doing 3 times.Bud pollination terminates after rear pollination terminates, every 7 days with 10% Imidacloprid 500-700 times liquid anti-to eliminate aphis, prevent and treat cabbage caterpillar with 25% pyrethrins 800-1000 times of liquid, when plant kind pod color becomes faint yellow, seed blackening in pod, in time results parental seed of new generation.
Table 1 kohlrabi 0202-6 different breeding mode seed produces information slip
As can be seen from Table 1, when cultivation management is identical, two kinds of seedling raising mannerses breed parental seed, the kohlrabi plant of bulb cutting propagation is when impurity elimination, do not find hybrid strain, purity reaches 100%, and the plant of seed growing finds that there is the hybrid strain of about 10% growing way weak leaf look yellow when impurity elimination, purity is 90%.The plant single plant yield 10.6g of bulb cutting propagation, the plant single plant yield of seed growing is that 7.4g differs 3.2g; Volume increase about 30%.
As can be seen from Table 1, during results, the plant plant height of tree characteristics aspect bulb cutting propagation is 110cm, and the plant 100cm of seed growing differs 10cm; The plant sphere diameter of bulb cutting propagation is 13.5cm, and the plant 12.3cm of seed growing differs 1.2cm; The plant ball height of bulb cutting propagation is 13.4cm, and the plant ball height of seed growing is 12.5cm, ball high difference 0.9cm; The plant primary branch of bulb cutting propagation is 21, and the plant primary branch of seed growing is 16, differs 5; The plant Secondary branches of bulb cutting propagation is 12, and the plant Secondary branches of seed growing is 10 difference 2; The plant every of the bulb cutting propagation number that bears pods is 27, and the plant every of the seed growing number that bears pods is 23 difference 4 pods, and the plant seedling matter of bulb cutting propagation is obviously healthy and strong.
Have a clear superiority in purity, Miao Zhi, breeding output etc. so utilize the plant of bulb cutting propagation to breed parent of future generation.
Embodiment two
The method of bulb cutting propagation kohlrabi plant
Step one, kohlrabi is that the parent 0202-6(variety source that kohlrabi new varieties are prepared used by Ruifan Agricultural Gardening Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang City is preserved in Ruifan Agricultural Gardening Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang City), after parental seed results on June 1, plant base portion retains 40cm plant, remove withered, Lao Ye, the urea of the water yield 1% is imposed in conjunction with watering, prevent eliminating aphis with Imidacloprid 500 times of liquid of 10% simultaneously, with cultivation steps such as 25% pyrethrins, 800 times of liquid control cabbage caterpillars, promote plant strain growth, treat the bulb in axil there be 1 layer of blade, when growing to diameter 4cm, cut bottom set and related 4cm branch, carry out cuttage,
Step 2, described bulb reached cuttage standard June 20, during cuttage, first grow seedlings of vegetable dedicated substrate (the Denmark Pin Shi matrix that market is sold will be selected, this matrix organic total amount >=25%, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total content >=2%, total porosity is 50-70%, be rich in trace element, nutrient is comprehensive, also be rich in other active short root material, pH6.0-7.0), and after medicine sterilization being mixed to matrix with the carbendazim medicinal powder of matrix weight 0.5%, load in the flowerpot of diameter 15cm, then cuttage 1 bulb in each flowerpot, the carbendazim medicinal powder that during cuttage, bulb is stained with imbeds matrix by 1/3 of bulb, blade can be cut 1/2 for reducing evaporation discharge, and then select irrigation and drainage easily seedbed by flowerpot marshalling, adopt the sunshade net cooling of scaffolding covering 80% shading rate, make temperature lower than 25 DEG C, take the moisturizing of Small plastic shed covering with plastic film, humidity is made to be greater than 70%, water a water every day, irregular spraying can be taked as having ready conditions, ensure humidity, after cuttage 15 days just start root of hair, within 20 days, remove mulch film and sunshade net afterwards, watered a water every one day, keep matrix moistening, after 40 days, bulb has 2 layers of blade, diameter to reach 7cm, have during more than 30 adventive root and will heel in seedbed, river sand when heeling in: vegetable garden soil: humus soil by the proportions Nutrition Soil of 2:4:4, and carries out disinfection to Nutrition Soil with formalin 500 times of liquid of 40%, and ridge bed is made in seedbed, about height of bed 10cm, wide 120cm.Heeling in distance between rows and hills is 20cm × 25 cm; And cover 20 object fly nets and prevent aphid from invading, a water is watered every 5-7 days, every 10 days with 10% Imidacloprid 500-700 times liquid anti-to eliminate aphis, the tpn 600 times of liquid adding 75% prevent and treat downy mildew, keep the cultivation management measures such as ground moistening, late September grows up on bulb has 4 layers of blade, bulb diameter 11cm, the plant of well developed root system;
Comparative example
Axil bud cutting breeds the method for kohlrabi plant
Step one, kohlrabi (kind numbering 0202-6) seed were gathered in the crops June 1, selected the same day leaf bud of plant middle leaf midaxilla for cuttage, and cut the leaf bud related 2cm branch in blade and axil during cuttage, remove Lao Ye, axil base portion retains 3cm petiole, as cutting.
Step 2, described cutting, methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA) 150PPM with 20%, soaks cuttage after 30 minutes.
When step 3, described cutting cuttage, with grow seedlings of vegetable dedicated substrate (the Denmark Pin Shi matrix that market is sold), and after medicine sterilization being mixed to matrix with the carbendazim medicinal powder of matrix weight 0.5%, load in the seedling culture hole plate in diameter 50 cave, then every cave skewer 1 is inserted, during cuttage, carbendazim medicinal powder is stained with in cutting, notice during cuttage that axillalry bud can not imbed matrix, and then select irrigation and drainage seedbed marshalling to be coiled in cave easily, will put up a shed covered with plastic film and sunshade net in seedbed, moisturizing is lowered the temperature, and waters a water every day, irregular spraying can be taked as having ready conditions, ensureing humidity; After general cuttage 15 days just start root of hair, within 25 days, remove plastic film and sunshade net afterwards, watered a water every one day, keep matrix moistening, bulb there is 1 layer of blade after 30-40 days, bulb grows to and reaches 3cm, has during more than 20 adventive root and will heel in seedbed, river sand when heeling in: vegetable garden soil: humus soil is by the proportions Nutrition Soil of 2:4:4, and doubly Nutrition Soil is carried out disinfection with the formalin 500 of 40%, ridge bed is made in seedbed, about height of bed 10cm, wide 120cm.Heeling in distance between rows and hills is 20cm × 25cm; And cover 20 object fly nets and prevent aphid from invading, watered a water every 5-7 days, namely late September grows up on kohlrabi bulb has 4 layers of blade, bulb diameter 10.5cm, the plant that root system is complete.
Table 2 kohlrabi 0202-6 different cuttage mode tree characteristics comparison sheet
As can be seen from Table 2, two kinds of cuttage modes are compared, and bulb cuttage needs 87 days from cuttage to field planting, and axil bud cutting needs 107 days from cuttage to field planting, and the time is long, management cost is high; Bulb cuttage and seedling culture planting percent is 90%, and axil bud cutting nursery planting percent is 40%, difference is more than 1 times, and the growth of the former bulb of main cause is the nutrition of the blade accumulation of regrowing after remaining nutrition and fertilising in cauline leaf after utilizing seed harvest, and the growth of bulb nutritional sufficiency is fast; The latter only has the nutrition of storing in axillalry bud, will cut Lao Ye when cuttage simultaneously and reduce evaporation, to improve planting percent, early stage based on root of hair, come into leaves, bulb poor growth.
Two kinds of cuttage mode tree characteristics aspects during late September field planting, plant height difference 5cm, degree of development difference 10cm, ball heavy phase difference 0.3Kg, ball high difference 1.1cm, bulb difference 1.1cm, plant heavy phase difference 0.8Kg, main root appearance difference 3cm, seedling matter significant difference.
So utilize bulb cutting propagation kohlrabi plant to breed than axil bud cutting, the kohlrabi plant time is short, technical requirement is low, dart transfer, method are simple, planting percent is high, seedling matter healthy and strong.
Except above-mentioned enforcement, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of application claims.

Claims (5)

1. a method for bulb cutting propagation kohlrabi parental seed, comprises the following steps:
After step one, kohlrabi parental seed results, plant base portion retains 40-60cm, by taking to remove withered, Lao Ye, the urea of water yield 1-1.5% is imposed in conjunction with watering, prevent eliminating aphis with the Imidacloprid 500-700 times liquid of 10% simultaneously, with 25% pyrethrins 800-1000 times of liquid control cabbage caterpillar, promote the continued growth of kohlrabi plant, after leaf bud further growth in plant to be planted base portion axil develops into bulb, carry out cuttage;
Step 2, by after the cuttage of described bulb seedling medium, scaffolding covered with sunshade net, Small plastic shed is built in canopy, covered with plastic film on Small plastic shed, in maintenance Small plastic shed, temperature is lower than 25 DEG C, and humidity cultivates seedling under being greater than the condition of 70%, seedling is through heeling in cultivation, grow on bulb and have 3-4 layer blade, bulb diameter 9-12cm, the kohlrabi plant of well developed root system;
Step 3, described kohlrabi plant are isolated and are bred parental seed of future generation in booth.
2. the method for bulb cutting propagation kohlrabi parental seed according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step one, and when bulb there being 1 layer of blade, when bulb grows to diameter 4-5cm, related 4-5cm branch when cutting bulb, carries out cuttage.
3. the method for bulb cutting propagation kohlrabi parental seed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 2, total amount of organic >=25% of matrix, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total content >=2%, total porosity is 50-70%, is rich in trace element, pH6.0-7.0; The shading rate of sunshade net is 70%-80%.
4. the method for bulb cutting propagation kohlrabi parental seed according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: when bulb there being 2 layers of blade, bulb diameter reaches 6-7cm, root has during the above adventive root of 30-40 bar heels in seedbed, the Imidacloprid 500-700 times liquid of 10% is adopted to prevent eliminating aphis, tpn with 75% 600 times of liquid prevent and treat downy mildew, keep ground moistening.
5. the method for bulb cutting propagation kohlrabi parental seed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 3, when breeding, booth 40 order fly net isolation allos pollen prevent a string of flowers before flowering, when the flowers are in blossom to 1/4-1/3 for plant stem, carry out bud pollination, each 10-12 flower bud, every branch is pinched after doing 3-4 bud pollination, after pollination terminates, every 7 days with 10% Imidacloprid 500-700 times liquid add that 25% pyrethrins 800-1000 times liquid is anti-to eliminate aphis and cabbage caterpillar, when plant kind pod color becomes faint yellow by green, in pod during seed blackening, timely results parental seed of new generation, .
CN201310346435.7A 2013-08-09 2013-08-09 A kind of method of bulb cutting propagation kohlrabi parental seed Expired - Fee Related CN103416202B (en)

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CN105052490B (en) * 2015-08-10 2017-07-28 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 A kind of method for improving kohlrabi production of hybrid seeds setting percentage

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