CN103155855B - Method for improving hybrid seed production yield and quality of common head cabbages - Google Patents
Method for improving hybrid seed production yield and quality of common head cabbages Download PDFInfo
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- CN103155855B CN103155855B CN201310113456.4A CN201310113456A CN103155855B CN 103155855 B CN103155855 B CN 103155855B CN 201310113456 A CN201310113456 A CN 201310113456A CN 103155855 B CN103155855 B CN 103155855B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving hybrid seed production yield and quality of common head cabbages, which belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. The method comprises the following steps of: seeding and raising seedlings from a female parent and a male parent in early August, and seeding English wallflower in mid-to-late September; planting the raised seedlings of the female parent and the male parent of the common head cabbages in a hybrid seed production field of the common head cabbages in mid-to-late September, wherein English wallflower planting points are reserved in each seed production field; planting young English wallflower seedlings in the field planting points reserved in the hybrid seed production field of the common head cabbages in later October; applying aqueous solution of honey with the concentration of 0.5-1 percent to foliages for 2-3 times during a flowering period of common head cabbage plants, putting about 60000 bees in two boxes for auxiliary pollination in each mu during natural pollination; and harvesting and timely airing and threshing the common head cabbages when common head cabbage pods are yellowed and seeds are browned. The honey source crops are reasonably planted in the seed production field, and the honey mixed solution is sprayed during the flowering period, so that the bees can be effectively attracted to perform pollination, the cross pollination probability obviously increases, and the seed production yield and quality of the common head cabbages are obviously improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of head cabbage mating system, especially a kind of method that improves head cabbage hybrid seed production yields and quality, belongs to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Head cabbage (Brassica oleacea L.var.cap itata L.) is the mutation that Cruciferae rape belongs to, having another name called cabbage, cabbage, cabbage, cabbage, cabbage, lotus flower white etc., is the vegetables crop of China and world many countries plantation.Because its hybrid vigour is obvious, therefore producing at present the upper good head cabbage varieties using is almost half-blood entirely, mainly contains two kinds of approach: utilize the self incompatible line production of hybrid seeds and utilize the male sterile line production of hybrid seeds and produce the wild cabbage first generation of hybrid.For improving head cabbage hybrid seed quantity and quality, people, by constantly research summary, recognize: results high-quality, high yield cabbage hybrid are systematic engineering of business, need to take reasonably comprehensive behave just can prove effective.These behaves mainly comprise: parents' florescence regulates, good water and fertilizer condition, standardized administration, florescence honeybee supplementary pollination and the florescence root outside foliar spray in field are executed phosphorus, potassium, boron, zinc fertilizer etc.
Facts have proved, florescence honeybee supplementary pollination in above-mentioned behave is very large on the impact of head cabbage hybrid seed quantity and quality, and honey bees pollination seed production system is a complicated system, relate to factor many, particularly the own nectary development degree of the variation of florescence weather and parent material has remarkable impact to honey bees pollination.
Although pattern is more bright-coloured when head cabbage blooms, but nectary is flourishing (differing greatly between different cultivars) not, particularly head cabbage flowering stage, on the occasion of the full-bloom stage of many other plants, in these plants, is no lack of the kind that honeybee is had more to temptation, therefore can attract most of honeybee, also of no avail even if wild cabbage seed farm is put honeybee.Therefore, how to make the underdeveloped head cabbage of nectary become the selection trend of honeybee, become a difficult problem that improves wild cabbage hybrid seed production yields and quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: adopt an effective measure, significantly strengthen the attraction of head cabbage to honeybee, thereby propose a kind of simple, method that can significantly improve head cabbage hybrid seed production yields and quality.
In order to reach above object, the method that the present invention improves head cabbage hybrid seed production yields and quality comprises following basic step:
Step 1, early August will be cultivated female parent and the male parent seeding and seedling raising of head cabbage crossbreed, and mid or late September sowing English wallflower;
Step 2, mid or late September, by maternal the head cabbage that brings out and male parent Seeding planting, at least one mu of head cabbage hybrid seeding Tanaka, (while utilizing the self incompatible line production of hybrid seeds, the ratio of female parent and male parent seedling is about 1:1, and the ratio of maternal and male parent seedling is advisable for 2-3:1 while utilizing the male sterile line production of hybrid seeds, at least 1500m of isolation distance with other cole vegetables seed farm), five points at every mu of seed farm center and an angular distance 1/2nd places, center to four are as the pre-stationary point of field planting English wallflower;
Step 3, late October, by English wallflower Seeding planting to the reserved field planting point in head cabbage hybrid seeding field, every each field planting 8-12 strain, the vernalization of surviving the winter under natural low temperature in the winter time of head cabbage female parent, male parent seedling and the English wallflower seedling after field planting;
Step 4, mid-February in next year, cut open ball (conventionally use shallow stroke of " ten " word of cutter, the degree of depth is 3～4cm) at the head cabbage kind strain top of balling, loose as degree taking ball leaf, and remove Lao Ye;
Step 5, after head cabbage kind strain bolting, insert vertical supplemental support thing bondage and support;
Step 6, treat head cabbage kind strain flowering stage, foliage-spray, containing aqueous solution 2-3 time (especially also containing 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.2% borax in solution) of 0.5%-1% honey, is put the auxiliary pollination of ten thousand of 2 casees 5-7 (approximately 30,000, every case) honeybee by every mu in spontaneous pollination;
Step 7, after the head cabbage kind strain florescence finishes, pull out the English wallflower in field, in the time of kind of a pod flavescence, seed browning, gather and in time airing threshing.
Applicant is through repeatedly selecting test to find, spray the head cabbage of honey mixed liquor and pattern is bright-coloured, nectary the is flourishing suitable intermingle of phyllostachys bambusoides fragrant flower, honeybee is had to special temptation, not only can substantially keep here and all put honeybee, and can attract external honeybee.Therefore, the present invention is on the basis of traditional head cabbage cross-breeding technology, by rationally plant nectar source crop English wallflower in seed farm, and in conjunction with Spraying in the flowering stage honey mixed liquor, can effectively attract honey bees pollination, significantly increase hybridization pollination probability, thereby obviously improve head cabbage hybrid seed yield and quality.
Embodiment
Embodiment mono-
Experimental group
Within 2011, carry out head cabbage Chungan No.2 (state's tasting dish 2010027) hybrid seeding, Chungan No.2 is the head cabbage Hybrid with two self incompatible line 99-2-2-4-1 and 02-2-1 preparation.3 mu, hybrid seeding field, has carried out surveying after seed results and has produced.
1) adopted 128 hole plastics cave dish sowings on August 5, the matrix of dress cave dish adopts the Dutch Pin Shi vegetables special nutrient soil of buying, first the cave dish that installs matrix is watered permeable, punch again, hole depth 0.5cm left and right, 1 seed is broadcast in every hole, cover again Nutrition Soil, and strike off, finally water in right amount, keep Nutrition Soil moistening.Qi Miaohou ventilates in time, prevents high pin seedling, waters in right amount, keeps ground moistening, makes growth of seedling consistent, strengthens the extermination of disease and insect pest.After planting 26 days (24-28 days all can), transplant seedlings once by spacing 10cm left and right.September 18, sowing English wallflower.
2) August 30 turns over and suns the earth which has been ploughed up in field planting field, executes and amounts to 667m
2execute Chicken dung 3000kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N:P:K15:15:15) 70kg makes base manure.After cultivated flat rake is thin, make the furrow of wide 1.2m, ditch depth 20～30cm, furrow width 40cm.Then build unregistered land film.September 28, when seedling tool 6-8 sheet true leaf, two parents' seedling is pressed to 1:1 interlacing field planting, seeding row spacing 45 × 55cm field planting; Every mu of 5 points of selecting and remain, few each 1 strain of field planting Parent, waits until field planting English wallflower.Particular location is five points at every mu of seed farm center and an angular distance 1/2nd places, center to four.Isolation distance 2000m with other cole vegetables seed farm.After cultivation, connect and water water twice, guarantee plant work, it is tight that work has been covered pressure with soil by planting pit later, both kept humidity in mulch film, prevents that again strong wind from blowing mulch film open.
3) October 21, English wallflower field planting is arrived to seed farm, each some field planting 10 strains.After field planting, strengthen management, guarantee alive.The vernalization of surviving the winter under natural low temperature in the winter time of head cabbage female parent, male parent seedling and English wallflower seedling after field planting.
4) February 20 next year, at shallow stroke of the kind strain top of balling consolidation " ten " word, ensures that ball leaf is loose with scraper, surrounding Lao Ye, sick leaf is removed totally simultaneously, and adds 700 times of liquid of 40% flolimat with 600 times of liquid of 80% mancozeb and sprays prevention and elimination of disease and pests 1 time.March 4, every 667 ㎡ can impose composite fertilizer's (N:P:K is 15:15:15) 10kg and add urea (containing N46%) 15kg, mix to burrow spread manuer in holes by 1:1.
5) plant after strain bolting, insert a bamboo bar, along with increasing of bolting, divide and use plastic ties bondage 2～3 times.
6) April 9, April 16 and April 23 head cabbage kind strain flowering stage, respectively carry out spray leaf fertilizer one time, blade face spray is containing the mixed aqueous solution of 0.8% honey 3 times.Since initial bloom stage on April 9, every 667 ㎡ are put 2 casees honeybees (approximately 60,000) supplementary pollination, and the florescence is forbidden pesticide.
7) after blooming May 15 and finishing, pull out in time English wallflower, water water one time, and add 1000 times of prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 70% menazon wetting powder 1 time with 75% sclerotium spirit., when dew is not dry, gathered in the crops in morning when the jaundice of Some Species pod June 7 in batches.By separately results of the seed of Parent, dry threshing and be placed on the flat upper airing of bamboo simultaneously.
Control group (isolation distance is greater than 2000m)
Equally with head cabbage Chungan No.2 at hybrid seeding in 2011.Not field planting of seed farm English wallflower, does not spray honey mixed aqueous solution etc., and other management is carried out with routine.
The hybrid seed quality that table one experimental group and control group are gathered and output comparison
Embodiment bis-
Experimental group
In 2011 with auspicious sweet 17 hybrid seedings of head cabbage.Auspicious sweet 17 is the precocious head cabbage Hybrids with male sterile line 08-86-1A and male parent 135-1 preparation.2 mu of hybrid seedings in 2011, have carried out surveying after seed results and have produced.
1) adopted 128 hole plastics cave dish sowings on August 4, the matrix of dress cave dish adopts the Dutch Pin Shi vegetables special nutrient soil of buying, first the cave dish that installs matrix is watered permeable, punch again, hole depth 0.5cm left and right, 1 seed is broadcast in every hole, cover again Nutrition Soil, and strike off, finally water in right amount, keep Nutrition Soil moistening.Qi Miaohou ventilates in time, prevents high pin seedling, waters in right amount, keeps ground moistening, makes growth of seedling consistent, strengthens the extermination of disease and insect pest.After planting 25 ± 1 days, transplant seedlings once by spacing 10 ± 2cm left and right.September 16, sowing English wallflower.
2) August 29 turns over and suns the earth which has been ploughed up in field planting field, executes and amounts to 667m
2execute Chicken dung 3000kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N:P:K15:15:15) 70kg makes base manure.After cultivated flat rake is thin, make the furrow of wide 1.2m, ditch depth 20～30cm, furrow width 40cm.Then build unregistered land film.September 28, when seedling tool 6-8 sheet true leaf, two parents' seedling is pressed as 2-3:1 to seeding row spacing 45 × 55cm field planting; Every mu of 5 points of selecting and remain, few each 1 strain of field planting Parent, waits until field planting English wallflower.Particular location is five points at every mu of seed farm center and an angular distance 1/2nd places, center to four.Isolation distance 2000m with other cole vegetables seed farm.After cultivation, connect and water water twice, guarantee plant work, it is tight that work has been covered pressure with soil by planting pit later, both kept humidity in mulch film, prevents that again strong wind from blowing mulch film open.
3) October 21, English wallflower field planting is arrived to seed farm, each some field planting 10 strains.After field planting, strengthen management, guarantee alive.The vernalization of surviving the winter under natural low temperature in the winter time of head cabbage female parent, male parent seedling and English wallflower seedling after field planting.
4) February 25 next year, at shallow stroke of the kind strain top of balling consolidation " ten " word, ensures that ball leaf is loose with scraper, surrounding Lao Ye, sick leaf is removed totally simultaneously, and adds 700 times of liquid prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 40% flolimat 1 time with 600 times of liquid of 80% mancozeb.March 2, every 667 ㎡ can impose composite fertilizer's (N:P:K is 15:15:15) 10kg and add urea (containing N46%) 15kg, mix to burrow spread manuer in holes by 1:1.
5) plant after strain bolting, insert a bamboo bar, along with increasing of bolting, divide and use plastic ties bondage 2～3 times.
6) April 6, April 13 and April 20 head cabbage kind strain flowering stage, respectively carry out spray leaf fertilizer one time, blade face spray is containing the mixed aqueous solution of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.2% borax+0.5% honey 3 times.Since initial bloom stage on April 6, every 667 ㎡ are put 2 casees honeybees, approximately 60,000 supplementary pollination, and the florescence is forbidden pesticide.
7) after blooming May 10 and finishing, pull out in time English wallflower, water water one time, and add 1000 times of prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 70% menazon wetting powder 1 time with 75% sclerotium spirit., when dew is not dry, gathered in the crops in morning when the jaundice of Some Species pod June 5 in batches.By separately results of the seed of Parent, dry threshing and be placed on the flat upper airing of bamboo simultaneously.
Control group
Equally with head cabbage auspicious sweet 17 at hybrid seeding in 2011.Seed farm carries out Routine Management, does not take field planting English wallflower, spray containing measures such as the mixed aqueous solutions of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.2% borax+0.5% honey.
The hybrid seed quality that table two experimental group and control group are gathered and output comparison
Applicant once attempted other multiple nectar source crop, and planted separately English wallflower or only spray honey solution, all cannot reach above implementation result.Therefore, on the basis of normal management, adopt after method of the present invention, can obtain the most significant effect, and its cost economy, method is simple, practical.Research and test show, by plantation nectariferous plant, then spray add the mixed liquor of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2% borax and honey not only to attract honeybee effective, also help lend some impetus to full seed, improve seed quality.
Claims (6)
1. improve a method for head cabbage hybrid seed production yields and quality, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step 1, early August will be cultivated female parent and the male parent seeding and seedling raising of head cabbage crossbreed, and mid or late September sowing English wallflower;
Step 2, mid or late September, by maternal the head cabbage that brings out and extremely at least one mu of head cabbage hybrid seeding Tanaka of male parent Seeding planting, five points at every mu of seed farm center and an angular distance 1/2nd places, center to four are as the pre-stationary point of field planting English wallflower;
Step 3, late October, by English wallflower Seeding planting to the reserved field planting point in head cabbage hybrid seeding field, every each field planting 8-12 strain, the vernalization of surviving the winter under natural low temperature in the winter time of head cabbage female parent, male parent seedling and the English wallflower seedling after field planting;
Step 4, mid-February in next year, cut open ball at the head cabbage kind strain top of balling, loose as degree taking ball leaf, and remove Lao Ye;
Step 5, after head cabbage kind strain bolting, insert vertical supplemental support thing bondage and support;
Step 6, treat head cabbage kind strain flowering stage, foliage-spray is containing the aqueous solution of 0.5%-1% honey 2-3 time, puts that ten thousand honeybees of 5-7 are auxiliary to pollinate in spontaneous pollination by every mu;
Step 7, after the head cabbage kind strain florescence finishes, pull out the English wallflower in field, in the time of kind of a pod flavescence, seed browning, gather and in time airing threshing;
Wherein, in the aqueous solution of the described honey of step 6, also contain 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% borax.
2. the method for raising head cabbage hybrid seed production yields according to claim 1 and quality, is characterized in that: in described step 2, utilize the self incompatible line production of hybrid seeds, ratio maternal and male parent seedling is 1:1.
3. the method for raising head cabbage hybrid seed production yields according to claim 1 and quality, is characterized in that: in described step 2, utilize the male sterile line production of hybrid seeds, ratio maternal and male parent seedling is 2-3:1.
4. according to the raising head cabbage hybrid seed production yields described in claim 2 or 3 and the method for quality, it is characterized in that: described in described step 4, cuing open ball is, cut ball at the head cabbage kind strain top of balling with shallow stroke of " ten " word of cutter, the degree of depth is 3～4cm.
5. the method for raising head cabbage hybrid seed production yields according to claim 4 and quality, is characterized in that: in described step 1, and head cabbage female parent and male parent after planting 25 ± 1 days, by spacing, 10 ± 2cm transplants seedlings once.
6. the method for raising head cabbage hybrid seed production yields according to claim 5 and quality, is characterized in that: in described step 6, also spray 600 times of liquid of 80% mancozeb and add 700 times of liquid prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 40% flolimat.
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