CN104041404B - A kind of " field " font broccoli hybrid seeding cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of " field " font broccoli hybrid seeding cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104041404B CN104041404B CN201410250732.6A CN201410250732A CN104041404B CN 104041404 B CN104041404 B CN 104041404B CN 201410250732 A CN201410250732 A CN 201410250732A CN 104041404 B CN104041404 B CN 104041404B
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Abstract
" " font broccoli hybrid seeding cultivation method, comprises the steps such as seeding and seedling raising, the bedding of whole ground, field planting, rich water quality management, honeybee supplementary pollination in field to the invention discloses one.By changing Parent field mode of planting, not only increase unit are maternal field planting strain number as far as possible, and, male parent surrounding field planting female parent, shorten distance of pollinating between Parent, significantly increase hybridization pollination probability, thus significantly improve broccoli hybrid seed production yields and quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of broccoli mating system, especially a kind of method improving broccoli hybrid seed production yields and quality, belongs to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Broccoli (BrassicaoleraceaL.var.italica) has another name called broccoli, broccoli, stem cabbage etc., with one, the two raw herbaceous plant that green bouquet is product organ in Cruciferae Brassica genus brassica specie, its green bouquet formed with stem and side shoot top is for product, nutritious, color tool is good, is international market special vegetables of a kind of name in very great demand.Broccoli is not long at China's cultivation history, but development is very fast, and particularly along with the understanding of the raising of people's living standard and the nutritive value, health-care efficacy etc. to broccoli, the demand of broccoli consumption market at home must be doubled and redoubled from now on.
The excellent broccoli kind that current production uses entirely for half-blood, and is produced the broccoli first generation of hybrid and is mainly utilized the male sterile line production of hybrid seeds.For improving broccoli hybrid seed quantity and quality, general when preparing hybrid kind, Parent presses 1:2-3 field planting, namely male parent is arranged in field planting one, field planting two arrange or 3 rows maternal (if paternal pollen amount is large, generally arrange with regard to field planting 3), increase female parent strain number so as far as possible, increase the yield per unit area.Meanwhile, people also sum up some comprehensive behaves by constantly studying, mainly comprise: outside the standardized administration in parents' flowering regulation, good water and fertilizer condition, field, florescence honeybee supplementary pollination and florescence root, foliar spray executes phosphorus, potassium, boron, zinc fertilizer etc., improves broccoli hybrid seed production yields and quality.
For improving broccoli hybrid seeding yield per unit area and quality further, the author's research sums up this method, facts have proved, by the application of sphere of movements for the elephants type broccoli hybrid seeding cultivation method, the surrounding field planting not only realizing male parent is maternal, distance of pollinating between shortening Parent, and, increase unit are maternal field planting strain number, thus reach raising broccoli hybrid seed production yields and quality object further.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: adopt an effective measure, the surrounding field planting not only realizing male parent is maternal, distance of pollinating between shortening Parent, and, increase unit are maternal field planting strain number, thus propose a kind of simple, method that can significantly improve broccoli hybrid seed production yields and quality.
In order to reach above object, one of the present invention " field " font broccoli hybrid seeding cultivation method comprises following basic step:
Step one, seeding and seedling raising: the female parent and male parent cave of cultivating broccoli crossbreed are coiled seeding and seedling raising by early September;
Step 2, the bedding of whole ground: seed farm will with the isolation distance of other cole vegetables seed farm more than more than 1500m.Apply base manure, the high furrow that after being mixed with soil, 1.8 meters, the company's of work ditch is wide.
Step 3, field planting: early October, by the broccoli that brings out, maternal and male parent Seeding planting is to hybrid seeding Tanaka, every furrow field planting 3 row, middle row by Parent 1:1 every a field planting, each field planting a line female parent in furrow both sides;
Step 4, late Febuary in next year, to early March, are selected fine day will to slice off in the middle of bouquet, stay bouquet periphery 2-3 little bouquet, tangent plane will tilt, smooth, cut to smear diseases prevention medicine in time, in case wound ponding rots afterwards;
Step 5, when spray attenuating is to 20 ~ 30cm, dredges and remove the sick and weak carefully short branch of a part, the bad side shoot occurred with cauline leaf midaxilla of flower bud development also removes in time, and built is fixed, to prevent lodging, to fracture;
Step 6, before flowering 4 ~ 10 day, impose a foliage fertilizer, and described fertilizer is the borax mixed liquor 30 ~ 50 kilograms that potassium dihydrogen phosphate that every mu of urea liquid spraying 1% adds 0.3% adds 0.1%;
Step 7, treat blue and white colza strain flowering stage, foliage-spray (also contains 0.1 ~ 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.1 ~ 0.3% borax in solution 2-3 time containing the aqueous solution of 0.5%-1% honey, be preferably 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.2% borax), while spontaneous pollination, put the auxiliary pollination of 2 casees 5-7 ten thousand (about 30,000, every case) honeybee by every mu;
Step 8, after the blue and white colza strain florescence terminates, pull out the male parent in field, when kind of pod turn yellow, seed browning time, gather and airing threshing in time.
Base manure described in above-mentioned steps (two) is every mu and applies Chicken dung or pig manure 2000 ~ 3500kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N:P:K is 15:15:15) 50 ~ 100kg; Be preferably every mu and apply Chicken dung 3000kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 70kg, the ratio of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N:P:K is 15:15:15.
Applicant finds through production practices, by changing Parent field mode of planting, not only increase unit are maternal field planting strain number as far as possible, and male parent surrounding field planting female parent, shortens distance of pollinating between Parent, remarkable increase hybridization pollination probability, (if Parent presses 1:3 field planting, and the maternal Pollination Effect of a middle row is undesirable), thus significantly improve broccoli hybrid seed production yields and quality.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.
Experimental group
Within 2012, carry out auspicious blue or green No. 8 hybrid seedings, auspicious blue or green No. 8 is with broccoli cytoplasmic male sterile line CMSO34 for female parent, the combination prepared for male parent with excellent broccoli inbred line 038.Totally 5 mu, hybrid seeding field, with the isolation distance of other cole vegetables seed farm more than 1500m.5 mu of unified fertilisings in field, bedding after dividing equally 3 pieces, implements experimental group respectively and two control groups carry out field planting.
1) 128 hole plastics cave dish sowings were adopted on September 5, the matrix of dress cave dish adopts the Dutch Pin Shi vegetables special nutrient soil bought, first the cave dish installing matrix is watered permeable, punch again, about hole depth 0.5cm, 1 seed is broadcast in every hole, cover Nutrition Soil again, and strike off, finally water in right amount, keep Nutrition Soil moistening.Qi Miaohou ventilates in time, prevents high pin seedling, waters in right amount, keeps ground moistening, makes growth of seedling consistent, strengthens the extermination of disease and insect pest.
2) September 20 carries out turning over sunning the earth which has been ploughed up in field planting field, executes and amounts to 667m
2execute Chicken dung 3000kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N:P:K15:15:15) 70kg makes base manure.Plough flat furrow of harrowing the company of making furrow width 1.8m carefully, ditch depth 20 ~ 30cm.Then unregistered land film is built.
3) October 6, during seedling tool 6 true leaf left and right, by the Seeding planting of two parents, first in the middle of every furrow, be about to Parent by 1:1 every a field planting, and then each field planting a line is maternal on every furrow both sides, spacing in the rows 45cm.Connect after cultivation and water twice water, guarantee alive of plant, it is tight that planting pit has been covered pressure by a later soil of living, and both kept mulch film humidity, and prevented again strong wind from being blown open by mulch film.
4) February 26 next year, select fine day scraper will to slice off in the middle of bouquet, stay bouquet periphery 2-3 little bouquet, after cutting ball with lime sulfur smear otch diseases prevention in time, anti-wound rots;
5), after cutting ball, every 667 ㎡ can impose composite fertilizer's (N:P:K is 15:15:15) 15kg, burrow and spread manuer in holes.
6) when spray attenuating is to 20 ~ 30cm, dredge the sick and weak carefully short branch of a part, bad will the removing in time with the side shoot of cauline leaf midaxilla generation of flower bud development, plant bottom Lao Ye, sick leaf are removed clean simultaneously, and add 40% flolimat, 700 times of liquid with 80% mancozeb, 600 times of liquid and spray prevention and elimination of disease and pests 1 time.A bamboo bar is inserted in every strain, to prevent lodging, to fracture;
7) April 3, broccoli flowering stage April 12, respectively carry out a spray leaf fertilizer, wherein add 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2% borax and 0.8% honey.Florescence every 667 ㎡ put 2 casees honeybees (about 60,000) supplementary pollination, and the florescence forbids pesticide.
8) bloomed May 5 after end, pull out male parent in time, water a water, and add 70% menazon wetting powder, 1000 times of prevention and elimination of disease and pests 1 time with 50% Sukeling wetting powder.May 11 and May 18 carry out the field extermination of disease and insect pest once again.June 7, when the jaundice of Some Species pod, gathered in the crops when dew is not dry in morning in batches.Be placed on the flat upper airing of bamboo by drying the seed after threshing simultaneously.
Control group
Equally with auspicious blue or green No. 8 at hybrid seeding in 2012.From sowing, to do furrow, field management etc. just the same with experimental group in fertilising, and it is variant that difference is exactly Parent mode of planting, and experimental group presses sphere of movements for the elephants type field planting Parent.Control group, presses 1:2 (control group 1) and 1:3 (control group 2) interlacing field planting respectively by Parent.Carry out survey product after finally gathering in the crops respectively to compare.
Can find out from table one, experimental group is compared with control group 1 (Parent presses 1:2 field planting), although every strain is born pods, number and every pod set seeds number less, and every 667 ㎡ female parent strain numbers want many more than 340 strains, and therefore output is still apparently higher than control group 1, and volume increase reaches 19.2%.Experimental group is compared with control group 2 (Parent presses 1:3 field planting), and not only every strain number and every pod number of setting seeds that bears pods is slightly many, and every 667 ㎡ female parent strain numbers want many more than 180 strains, and therefore the comparable control group 2 of output increases production and reaches 10.3%.Therefore, after adopting method of the present invention, comparatively significant effect of increasing production can be obtained, and method is simple, need not increase what cost, practical.
The hybrid seed quality that table one experimental group and control group are gathered and Yield compari@
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a sphere of movements for the elephants type broccoli hybrid seeding cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprises following basic step:
(1) seeding and seedling raising: the female parent and male parent cave of cultivating broccoli crossbreed are coiled seeding and seedling raising by early September;
(2) whole ground bedding: seed farm with the isolation distance of other cole vegetables seed farm more than 1500m, will apply base manure, the high furrow that after being mixed with soil, 1.8 meters, the company's of work ditch is wide; Described base manure is every mu and applies Chicken dung 3000kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 70kg, and the ratio of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N:P:K is 15:15:15;
(3) field planting: early October, by the broccoli that brings out, maternal and male parent Seeding planting is to hybrid seeding Tanaka, every furrow field planting 3 row, middle row by Parent 1:1 every a field planting, each field planting a line female parent in both sides;
(4) late Febuary in next year is to early March, selects fine day will to slice off in the middle of bouquet, stays bouquet periphery 2-3 little bouquet, tangent plane will tilt, smooth, cuts to smear diseases prevention medicine in time, in case wound ponding rots afterwards;
(5) when spray attenuating is to 20 ~ 30cm, dredge and remove the sick and weak carefully short branch of a part, bad also the removing in time with the side shoot of cauline leaf midaxilla generation of flower bud development, and built is fixed, to prevent lodging, to fracture;
(6) before flowering 4 ~ 10 days, a foliage fertilizer is imposed, every mu of borax mixed liquor 30 ~ 50 kilograms sprayed containing the urea liquid of 1% and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3% and 0.1%;
(7) treat blue and white colza strain flowering stage, foliage-spray, containing the aqueous solution 2 ~ 3 times of 0.5%-1% honey, 0.1 ~ 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1 ~ 0.3% borax, puts the auxiliary pollination of 2 casees honeybees by every mu while spontaneous pollination;
(8) after the blue and white colza strain florescence terminates, pull out the male parent in field, when kind of a pod flavescence, seed browning, gather and airing threshing in time.
2. a kind of sphere of movements for the elephants type broccoli hybrid seeding cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the aqueous solution described in step (seven), the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.2%, and the concentration of borax is also 0.2%.
3. a kind of sphere of movements for the elephants type broccoli hybrid seeding cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the honeybee described in step (seven) is that every case contains honeybee 2.5 ~ 3.5 ten thousand, and the honeybee needed for every mu is 5 ~ 70,000.
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| CN104885900A (en) * | 2014-03-08 | 2015-09-09 | 昆明亚约燊农业科技开发有限公司 | Cultivation method for hybrid improved-variety cauliflower |
| CN104885734A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-09-09 | 镇江鑫源达园艺科技有限公司 | Curd cutting method for reducing rotting of broccoli breeding plantlets |
| CN105052490B (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2017-07-28 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | A kind of method for improving kohlrabi production of hybrid seeds setting percentage |
| CN109122115A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2019-01-04 | 仁怀市凯浩种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods improving balling violet cabbage hybrid seed yield |
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| CN102835306B (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-03-12 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Breeding method for early-maturing hybrid broccoli in additive selection |
| CN103155855B (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2014-12-03 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for improving hybrid seed production yield and quality of common head cabbages |
| CN103222422B (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2016-05-11 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Breeding and the producing method for seed of the late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli of a kind of seed selection |
| CN103210848A (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2013-07-24 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Broccoli lateral branch cultivating plant and hybrid seed production method |
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Effective date of registration: 20201209 Address after: 214104 high tech agriculture demonstration park, anzhen street, Xishan District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: WUXI DIMODE BIOLOGICAL SEED INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 112, NInghang Road, Jurong City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Patentee before: JIANGSU FOOTHILL ZHENJIANG AGRICULTURE Research Institute |
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