CN103650856A - High-yield cultivation method for pollution-free cucumbers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method for pollution-free cucumbers. The high-yield cultivation method includes steps of selection of varieties, culture of seedlings, grafting technique, field planting, post-field-planting management and pest control. Varieties of cucumbers in main cultivation rows are excellent high-yield and disease-resistant varieties, can be early-maturing varieties and also can be late-maturing varieties, cucumbers of early-maturing varieties are planted in added rows, and films cover greenhouses 30d before field planting, so that the earth temperature can be increased, deep tillage and fine soil preparation are performed, and bedding is performed 7-10d before field planting; a cucumber row adding dense planting technology is adopted, the row spacing of the main cultivation rows ranges from 1 meter to 1.2 meters, the plant spacing ranges from 20 centimeters to 30 centimeters, about 2200 seedlings are kept in each mu of field, the added rows are positioned among the main cultivation rows, and the quantity of plants cultivated in each mu of field ranges from 2000 to 2200; field planting water is sufficiently and thoroughly supplied to the fields, and sufficient water supply needs to be kept constantly in the future, so that straw can be sufficiently decomposed advantageously; the water needs to be supplied to the fields at 6-9 o'clock in sunning mornings and cannot be supplied to the fields later than 10 o'clock, so that the supplied water can be drained on the same day advantageously; additional fertilizers are omitted in principle.

Description

A kind of high-yield cultivating method of Non-polluted Cucumber

Technical field

The present invention relates to the high-yield cultivating method of a kind of high-yield cultivating method, particularly a kind of Non-polluted Cucumber.

Background technology

Cucumber, another name cucumber, king's melon, green cucumber, the annual climber plant of Curcurbitaceae Cucumis.Cucumber is nutritious, smell delicate fragrance, eat raw, prepared food all can, can also be processed into pickles, pickles etc.Be that the people of the world likes one of vegetables of food, variety type is abundant in addition, and adaptability is stronger, so be widely distributed.

Winter-Spring, greenhouse stubble cucumber cultivation is main crops for rotation of cultivating with protecting, and a lot of areas have all formed and adapted to local high-yield culture technique.General 667 square metres of output 15 000～20 000 kilogram, benefit 5～60,000 yuan, particularly 2011 to 2012 the higher cucumber prices of crops for rotation, make a lot of slum-dweller benefits reach 8～100,000 yuan, and having attracted numerous slum-dwellers to want to change other variety production is cucumber production.

Summary of the invention

A high-yield cultivating method for Non-polluted Cucumber, comprises the following steps:

Kind is selected: the kind of main cultivation row is advisable with high yield, disease-resistant improved seeds, can be early-maturing variety, can be also late variety, adds row and will use early-maturing variety, so just can make full use of prematurity and improve early yield; Grow seedlings: seedling raise period: the first tenday period of a month in the last ten-days period in September to October; The preparation in seedbed: in greenhouse, do wide 1 meter, long 50 flat furrow, the furrow ridge is high 20 centimetres, spreads 30-40 kilogram of high-quality farmyard manure in every furrow; Sowing: uniform broadcasting seed, between cucumber seeds, at a distance of 4 centimetres of left and right, 1.5 centimetres of thickness of earth covering, after planting cover mulch film moisture-keeping immediately; Grafting is carried out in seedling cultivation greenhouse, adopt inarching method, cucumber shifts to an earlier date 5-6 d sowing than stock, during stock 2 leaf 1 heart, carries out grafting, first removes pumpkin growing point during grafting, and on the plumular axis at ion leaf segment 5-10 mm place by 35 jiaos of tiltedly partial applications from bottom to top, notch depth be stem thick 3/5, then ligulate wedge is inserted to the incision of stock, with Grafting clip, fix, cucumber cotyledons is pressed in above squash cotyledons, after grafting survival, cuts off scion basal part of stem; Field planting: 30 d button canopies before field planting, to improve ground temperature, when ground temperature gos up, plough deeply, carefully whole 7-10 d bedding before field planting; Adopt cucumber to add row dense planting technology, the line-spacing of main cultivation row is 1-1.2 rice, spacing in the rows 20-30 centimetre, and the every mu of 2 200 strain left and right of keeping a full stand of seedings, add row and plant in the centre of main cultivation row, every mu of 2 000 ~ 2 200 strains of planting; Management after field planting: water and fertilizer management: field planting water waters foot and irrigates, and will keep all the time sufficient moisture supply later, in order to the abundant decomposition of straw, waters and will carry out at 6～9 o'clock in the morning at fine day, is no more than the latest at 10 o'clock, in order to the hydrofuge on the same day that waters; Need not topdress in principle, still, must according to straw bioreactor materials amount number and cucumber growth performance, carry out blade face to chase after micro-fertilizer and suitably impose some N, P, K fertilizer; Temperature and humidity management: after field planting, day temperature remains on 25 ℃-30 ℃, remains on 10 ℃-15 ℃ night, and the interior temperature of canopy in the morning is raised to 28 ℃ of reduction humidity that start to leak informaton, and while dropping to 28 ℃ afternoon, closes; The extermination of disease and insect pest: disease mainly contains downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew, bacterial angular leaf spot, Bacterial Leaf Blight, anthracnose etc., insect pest has Liriomyza, aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum etc., rely mainly on prevention, integrated control; Downy mildew can be with 72% Du Bangkelu or 58% auspicious malicious MnZn, the 72.2% general chemical controls such as aqua, the also available 10% chlorothalonil smoke fumigation of making every effort to overcome; Gray mold can be with chemical controls such as 50% vinclozolin or 50% Sukelings; The chemical controls such as powdery mildew Ke Yong 40% Du Pont's lucky star or 12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles missible oil, 10% generation high-moisture scattered seed agent; Insect pest is mainly aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum etc., can select the control of the reagent spray such as Imidacloprid, time, Avermectin, adds 0.1% washing powder to make spreader-sticker effect better in liquid.

Embodiment

A high-yield cultivating method for Non-polluted Cucumber, comprises the following steps:

Kind is selected: the kind of main cultivation row is advisable with high yield, disease-resistant improved seeds, can be early-maturing variety, can be also late variety, adds row and will use early-maturing variety, so just can make full use of prematurity and improve early yield;

Grow seedlings: seedling raise period: the first tenday period of a month in the last ten-days period in September to October, inarching method grafting, first sowing cucumber seed, sows stock seed again after 5～7 days;

The preparation in seedbed: in greenhouse, do wide 1 meter, long 50 flat furrow, the furrow ridge is high 20 centimetres, spreads 30-40 kilogram of high-quality farmyard manure in every furrow, leveling rake is real, fills with permeable;

Seed treatment: first use the hot water treatment 1-2 min of 60 ℃-80 ℃, after constantly stirring makes water temperature drop to 25 ℃-30 ℃, stop, pharmacy disinfection is with 0.1% copper-bath, 6 h that soak seed, 200 times of liquid ambam, 20 min that soak seed, 100 times of liquid formalin, 1 h that soaks seed, after pharmacy disinfection with clear water by the saturating wash clean of seed, with new towel, wrap, being placed on the local vernalization of 25 ℃-30 ℃, just can germinate in 2 d left and right;

Sowing: uniform broadcasting seed, between cucumber seeds, at a distance of 4 centimetres of left and right, 1.5 centimetres of thickness of earth covering, after planting cover mulch film moisture-keeping immediately;

Graft technology: grafting method: first take out the rational rootstock seedling of collocation and cucumber seedling (will hinder less root) with seedling shovel from seedbed, be placed on operating desk, then remove stock growing point, note the squash cotyledons of not damaging.With special bamboo let cutter, choose the growing point except pumpkin seedling, more from up to down cut sth. askew by blade 0.5 centimeters from cotyledonary node, 35～40 ° of angles, 0.6 centimetre of long incision, otch reaches 1/2 of collar deeply, is placed on operating desk.Get again cucumber seedling, apart from the upward partial application of growing point 2 centimeters, 30 ° of left and right of angle, 0.6 centimetre of long incision, the degree of depth is plumular axis thick 3/5, then the tongue type of scion is inserted in the edge of a knife of stock, interface is matched, cucumber cotyledons is pressed on the cotyledon of pumpkin, otch alignment, with Grafting clip, clip (cucumber seedling is in jaws inner side, and pumpkin seedling is in outside).Grafting will be accomplished with grafting with in the preprepared nutritive cube of planting, and notes separately 0.8～1 centimetre, scion, stock root portion while planting seedling, is completely cured, and melon seedling interface is above the ground level more than 2 centimetres after being convenient to.Will be with grafting with pendulum nutritive cube, often finish a line, permeable toward watering in alms bowl immediately, then prop up immediately and be not less than 1 meter of high shed, buckle good, the air-locked canopy film of printing opacity, after grafting seedbed occupies, then it is high to nutritive cube 8 minutes to furrow face, to water, and by the tight sealing of soil for little shed surrounding, keep seedbed humidity.Temperature of shed should maintain 25～28 ℃, if temperature of shed is too high, and can the cooling of coverage shading thing.In grafting operating process, notice that blade will clean, the water that is not stained with mud, in order to avoid bacteria infection; Operation is wanted carefully, and it is light that hand is firmly wanted, and can not damage melon seedling, causes melon seedling necrosis.

Field planting: 30 d button canopies before field planting, to improve ground temperature, when ground temperature gos up, plough deeply, carefully whole 7-10 d bedding before field planting; Adopt cucumber to add row dense planting technology, the line-spacing of main cultivation row is 1-1.2 rice, spacing in the rows 20-30 centimetre, and the every mu of 2 200 strain left and right of keeping a full stand of seedings, add row and plant in the centre of main cultivation row, every mu of 2 000 ~ 2 200 strains of planting;

Management after field planting: water and fertilizer management: field planting water waters foot and irrigates, and will keep all the time sufficient moisture supply later, in order to the abundant decomposition of straw, waters and will carry out at 6～9 o'clock in the morning at fine day, is no more than the latest at 10 o'clock, in order to the hydrofuge on the same day that waters; Need not topdress in principle, still, must according to straw bioreactor materials amount number and cucumber growth performance, carry out blade face to chase after micro-fertilizer and suitably impose some N, P, K fertilizer; Temperature and humidity management: after field planting, day temperature remains on 25 ℃-30 ℃, remains on 10 ℃-15 ℃ night, and the interior temperature of canopy in the morning is raised to 28 ℃ of reduction humidity that start to leak informaton, and while dropping to 28 ℃ afternoon, closes;

The extermination of disease and insect pest: disease mainly contains downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew, bacterial angular leaf spot, Bacterial Leaf Blight, anthracnose etc., insect pest has Liriomyza, aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum etc., rely mainly on prevention, integrated control; Downy mildew can be with 72% Du Bangkelu or 58% auspicious malicious MnZn, the 72.2% general chemical controls such as aqua, the also available 10% chlorothalonil smoke fumigation of making every effort to overcome; Gray mold can be with chemical controls such as 50% vinclozolin or 50% Sukelings; The chemical controls such as powdery mildew Ke Yong 40% Du Pont's lucky star or 12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles missible oil, 10% generation high-moisture scattered seed agent; Insect pest is mainly aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum etc., can select the control of the reagent spray such as Imidacloprid, time, Avermectin, adds 0.1% washing powder to make spreader-sticker effect better in liquid.

Downy mildew: main harm blade is low temperature and high relative humidity type disease.General winter, spring, morbidity was heavy during high humidity, occurred mesophyll chlorisis, was subject to the polygonal brown scab of vein restriction, and the mould layer of the raw grey black of blade back, causes leaf withered coming off very soon, until plant is dead.Prevent and treat method: 1. adopt the vexed canopy of high temperature to prevent and treat the multiple diseases such as downy mildew, powdery mildew, angular leaf spot, gray mold, scab.Concrete operation method is at fine day, to water the morning after permeable booth is airtight, elevates the temperature, and slowly ventilates after maintaining 1.5 ~ 2 hours when temperature reaches 45 ~ 46 ℃, reduces temperature.Can also within first 1 day, water at vexed canopy, after vexed canopy finishes, rewater.2. chemical control: with spraying controls such as gram dew, Yin Fali, Pu Like, add 77% can kill to obtain 400 times of liquid of wettable particulate pulvis when mixed angular leaf spot.While spraying liquid, must spray even spray saturating, make leaf dorsifixed anther, after medication, check whether the mould layer of blade back scab thirst, generally should even spray 2 ~ 3 times.

Gray mold: main harm flower and young melon, germ is many from flower and the intrusion of young muskmelon pedicel portion, is first the soft corruption of water soaking mode, the atrophy of disease portion presents " sharp melon " shape, the full taupe mustiness thing of sick minister during high humidity, etching drops on and on stem, leaf, causes rotten stem, rotten leaf, and has grey mustiness thing.Prevent and treat method: 1. remove invalid body, during morbidity, extract in time sick flower, sick leaf, sick fruit, take outer concentrated burn or buried of canopy out of.2. chemical control: with reagent spray controls such as Sukeling, iprodione, vinclozolin, Shi Jiale, rainy weather can be prevented and treated with aerosol or dust agent.

Claims (1)

1. a high-yield cultivating method for Non-polluted Cucumber, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

Kind is selected: the kind of main cultivation row, with high yield, disease-resistant improved seeds, can be early-maturing variety, can be also late variety, adds row and will use early-maturing variety, so just can make full use of prematurity and improve early yield;

Grow seedlings: seedling raise period: in the first tenday period of a month in the last ten-days period in September to October, first sowing cucumber seed, sows stock seed again after 5～7 days; The preparation in seedbed: in greenhouse, do wide 1 meter, long 50 flat furrow, the furrow ridge is high 20 centimetres, spreads 30-40 kilogram of high-quality farmyard manure in every furrow, leveling rake is real, fills with permeable; Seed treatment: first use the hot water treatment 1-2 min of 60 ℃-80 ℃, after constantly stirring makes water temperature drop to 25 ℃-30 ℃, stop, pharmacy disinfection is with 0.1% copper-bath, 6 h that soak seed, 200 times of liquid ambam, 20 min that soak seed, 100 times of liquid formalin, 1 h that soaks seed, after pharmacy disinfection with clear water by the saturating wash clean of seed, with new towel, wrap, being placed on the local vernalization of 25 ℃-30 ℃, just can germinate in 2 d left and right; Sowing: uniform broadcasting seed, between cucumber seeds, at a distance of 4 centimetres of left and right, 1.5 centimetres of thickness of earth covering, after planting cover mulch film moisture-keeping immediately;

Graft technology: grafting is carried out in seedling cultivation greenhouse, adopt inarching method, cucumber shifts to an earlier date 5-6 d sowing than stock, during stock 2 leaf 1 heart, carries out grafting, first removes pumpkin growing point during grafting, and on the plumular axis at ion leaf segment 5-10 mm place by 35 jiaos of tiltedly partial applications from bottom to top, notch depth be stem thick 3/5, then ligulate wedge is inserted to the incision of stock, with Grafting clip, fix, cucumber cotyledons is pressed in above squash cotyledons, after grafting survival, cuts off scion basal part of stem;

Field planting: 30 d button canopies before field planting, to improve ground temperature, when ground temperature gos up, plough deeply, carefully whole 7-10 d bedding before field planting; Adopt cucumber to add row dense planting technology, the line-spacing of main cultivation row is 1-1.2 rice, spacing in the rows 20-30 centimetre, and the every mu of 2 200 strain left and right of keeping a full stand of seedings, add row and plant in the centre of main cultivation row, every mu of 2 000 ~ 2 200 strains of planting;

Management after field planting: water and fertilizer management: field planting water waters foot and irrigates, and will keep all the time sufficient moisture supply later, in order to the abundant decomposition of straw, waters and will carry out at 6～9 o'clock in the morning at fine day, is no more than the latest at 10 o'clock, in order to the hydrofuge on the same day that waters; Need not topdress in principle, still, must according to straw bioreactor materials amount number and cucumber growth performance, carry out blade face to chase after micro-fertilizer and suitably impose some N, P, K fertilizer; Temperature and humidity management: after field planting, day temperature remains on 25 ℃-30 ℃, remains on 10 ℃-15 ℃ night, and the interior temperature of canopy in the morning is raised to 28 ℃ of reduction humidity that start to leak informaton, and while dropping to 28 ℃ afternoon, closes;

The extermination of disease and insect pest: disease mainly contains downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew, bacterial angular leaf spot, Bacterial Leaf Blight, anthracnose etc., insect pest has Liriomyza, aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum etc., rely mainly on prevention, integrated control; Downy mildew can be with 72% Du Bangkelu or 58% auspicious malicious MnZn, the 72.2% general chemical controls such as aqua, the also available 10% chlorothalonil smoke fumigation of making every effort to overcome; Gray mold can be with chemical controls such as 50% vinclozolin or 50% Sukelings; The chemical controls such as powdery mildew Ke Yong 40% Du Pont's lucky star or 12.5% nitrile bacterium azoles missible oil, 10% generation high-moisture scattered seed agent; Insect pest is mainly aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum etc., can select the control of the reagent spray such as Imidacloprid, time, Avermectin, adds 0.1% washing powder to make spreader-sticker effect better in liquid.