CN104255376A

CN104255376A - Method for improving soil fertility of pear gardens at hilly areas of northern subtropical regions in south of China

Info

Publication number: CN104255376A
Application number: CN201410477651.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 方敏彦; 梁慧敏; 章明; 杨鹤同; 鲍荣静; 席刚俊; 高小慧
Original assignee: Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry
Current assignee: Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry
Priority date: 2014-09-18
Filing date: 2014-09-18
Publication date: 2015-01-07

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving soil fertility of pear gardens at hilly areas of northern subtropical regions in the south of China. The method mainly comprises the following steps: preparing land before sowing and irrigating to supplement water; applying farmyard manure to pear trees; covering grass on the surface soil of a rectangular piece of land; sowing orchardgrass seeds in lines between lines of pear trees; cutting orchardgrass when the orchardgrass grows to height of 30-40 cm and covering cut orchardgrass clippings below pear tree roots and so on. By using the method, the soil humidity and the soil fertility of the pear gardens can be obviously improved, so that the pear trees can thrive, and the yield and the quality of fruits can be obviously improved.

Description

A kind of method improving theatre, south China north subtropical knob soil fertility

Technical field

The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method improving theatre, south China north subtropical knob soil fertility.

Background technology

Planting fruit trees occupies very large ratio in China's structure of agricultural production, is the important component part of agricultural production.Orchard soil cultivation management improves the core technology of fruit output and quality, comprise clean tillage, no-tillage system, intercropping and Cover with weed etc.Show according to investigation, at present, China's planting fruit trees is generally continued to use traditional clear ploughing and is made.This orchard management measure is easy to cause soil fertility to decline.The clear system of ploughing can reduce the nutrient competition of weeds and fruit tree, but also can destroy orchard environment, reduce the nutrition supply ability of soil, cause soil water and soil loss, organic lower degradation problem, fruit tree growth is directly caused to be suppressed, fruit output and Quality Down.Different soils covers and management mode can effectively regulate orchard environment system, have retain and conserve soil moisture, culture fertility, the effect such as minimizing water and soil loss.The correlative study of current China mainly concentrates on the organic matter covering aspects such as stalk, and manages based on northern area orchard soil.

Summary of the invention

The technical issues that need to address of the present invention are, provide a kind of method improving theatre, south China north subtropical knob soil fertility.

For solving above technical problem, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

Improve a method for theatre, south China north subtropical knob soil fertility, comprise the steps:

(1) wholely: annual mid-September in the ranks ploughs in pear tree, the bedding of whole ground, the smooth slightly arch in furrow face, furrow are wide fixed according to fruit tree line space width, require from trunk 40 ~ 60cm, benefit of pouring water moisture in the soil;

(2) apply fertilizer: apply fertilizer in furrow;

(3) grass is covered: after step (2) completes, cover grass on furrow surface;

(4) sow: stay 15 ~ 30cm in the ranks to drilling, preferably 20 ~ 25cm, according to fruit tree line space size plane 1 ~ 2 shallow ridges, deeply about 2 ~ 5cm, water vola water uniform broadcasting orchardgrass seed, compacting of after planting clapping, reveals seed as far as possible less, and favourable emerging is taken root with seedling;

(5) topdress: after orchardgrass seed seedling grows or turns green, again apply fertilizer;

(6) maintenance management: seedling stage weeds a garden in time, wants application in time and waters during arid, cradling, toothing 10 ~ 15cm when grass layer reaches 30 ~ 40cm, cradle rear careless consider to be worth doing be overlying on tree dish under.

Wherein, the degree of depth 20 ~ 25cm that in the ranks ploughs described in step (1).

Wherein, the fertilizer executed in step (2) is barnyard manure, and fertilizing amount is 80 ~ 100t/hm ², preferably 90 ~ 100t/hm ².

Wherein, grass is covered, the selection of cladding material described in step (3), should gather materials on the spot, generally be combined with orchard ground cover, as dry in green manure crop or fresh body, or various agricultural crop straw, weeds, the residual body of dry branches and fallen leaves etc., cover careless thickness 20 ~ 30cm, preferably 20 ~ 25cm.

Wherein, the orchardgrass seed amount of the broadcasting sowing 20 ~ 30kg/hm described in step (4) ², preferably 20 ~ 25kg/hm ², most preferably be 20kg/hm ².

Wherein, the fertilizer described in step (5) is potassium sulfate, fertilizing amount 50 ~ 60kg/hm ², preferably 50 ~ 55kg/hm ², most preferably be 50kg/hm ².

Wherein, the fertilizer that step (6) is executed is composite fertilizer, fertilizing amount 40 ~ 60kg/hm ², preferably 40 ~ 50kg/hm ²

Beneficial effect:

(1) plant moisture and the content of organic matter that orchardgrass can significantly improve theatre soil in the ranks in theatre, improve theatre soil fertility.

(2) plant orchardgrass in the ranks in theatre and can improve pear tree fruit bearing rate, promote theatre pear output, improve fruit quality.

Embodiment

According to following embodiment, the present invention may be better understood.But those skilled in the art will readily understand, the content described by embodiment only for illustration of the present invention, and should can not limit the present invention described in detail in claims yet.

Test site in following examples is positioned at theatre, Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry Nong Bo garden, and this theatre is ground, gentle slope, and irrigation conditions is poor, and soil fertility is medium.Age of tree 3a is raw, and Pear Trees with Various Cultivars is abundance of water and emerald green hat, pear tree spacing in the rows 3m × 4m, area 20 mu.On in orchard management level, garden fruit tree growth is healthy and strong, and tree vigo(u)r is medium, without damage by disease and insect.

Embodiment 1:

In annual mid-September, at the fruit tree 20 ~ 25cm that in the ranks ploughs, ground is flattened before sowing, benefit of pouring water moisture in the soil wholely.In furrow, apply barnyard manure, fertilizing amount is 80t/hm ², cover grass on surface, covering careless thickness is 20cm.Stay 20cm in the ranks, according to fruit tree line space size plane 1 ~ 2 shallow ridges, deeply about 2cm, watering vola water uniform broadcasting orchardgrass seed amount is 20kg/hm ².Grow seedling until orchardgrass seed or after turning green, apply 50kg/hm ²potassium sulfate as carrying seed manure.Seedling stage will weed a garden in time, and want application in time and water during arid, fertilizer used is composite fertilizer, and consumption is 50kg/hm ².When grass layer is up to 30 ~ 40cm, toothing about 10cm cradles.Cradle rear grass bits be overlying on tree dish under.

Plant after 3 years, from theatre, soil sampling detects, and experimental result as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.As can be seen from the table, theatre row plantation orchardgrass makes soil water content improve 27% ~ 46%, and soil organic matter content improves 49% ~ 80%, and the content of soil N P, K also has raising in various degree.As can be seen from Table 3, the fruit bearing rate of planting the pear tree in the theatre of orchardgrass is in the ranks ploughed apparently higher than clear.As can be seen from Table 4, the quality of fruit is also ploughed higher than clear.As can be seen here, plant the water content that orchardgrass obviously can improve theatre soil in the ranks, improve the soil fertility in theatre, increase the fruit bearing rate of pear tree, improve the Yield and qualities of pear tree.

Table 1 theatre plantation orchardgrass and cultivated clearly 0 ~ 20cm soil physical and chemical property comparison in difference

Table 2 theatre plantation orchardgrass and cultivated clearly 20 ~ 40cm soil physical and chemical property comparison in difference

Table 3 theatre plantation orchardgrass and clear fruit yield of ploughing compare

Process	Strain average yield (kg)	Output (kg.hm ^-2)
			Orchardgrass in the ranks	25.97	15670.20
Clear cultivated	19.98	11873.35

Table 4 theatre plantation orchardgrass and clear fruit quality of ploughing compare

Claims

1. improve a method for theatre, south China north subtropical knob soil fertility, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:

(2) apply fertilizer: apply fertilizer in furrow;

(3) grass is covered: after step (2) completes, cover grass on furrow surface;

(4) sow: stay 20cm in the ranks to drilling, according to fruit tree line space size plane 1 ~ 2 shallow ridges, deeply about 2 ~ 5cm, water vola water uniform broadcasting orchardgrass seed, compacting of after planting clapping;

2. the method for theatre, raising south China north subtropical knob according to claim 1 soil fertility, is characterized in that, the degree of depth of in the ranks ploughing described in step (1) is 20 ~ 25cm.

3. the method for theatre, raising south China north subtropical knob according to claim 1 soil fertility, is characterized in that, the fertilizer that step (2) is executed is barnyard manure, fertilizing amount 80 ~ 100t/hm ².

4. the method for theatre, raising south China north subtropical knob according to claim 1 soil fertility, is characterized in that, covers grass described in step (3), covers careless thickness 20 ~ 30cm.

5. the method for theatre, raising south China north subtropical knob according to claim 1 soil fertility, is characterized in that, the orchardgrass seed amount of the broadcasting sowing 20 ~ 30kg/hm described in step (4) ².

6. the method for theatre, raising south China north subtropical knob according to claim 1 soil fertility, is characterized in that, the fertilizer described in step (5) is potassium sulfate, fertilizing amount 50 ~ 60kg/hm ².

7. the method for theatre, raising south China north subtropical knob according to claim 1 soil fertility, is characterized in that, the fertilizer that step (6) is executed is composite fertilizer, fertilizing amount 40 ~ 60kg/hm ².