CN104472069A - Planting method of dading balsam pear - Google Patents
Planting method of dading balsam pear Download PDFInfo
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- CN104472069A CN104472069A CN201410747622.0A CN201410747622A CN104472069A CN 104472069 A CN104472069 A CN 104472069A CN 201410747622 A CN201410747622 A CN 201410747622A CN 104472069 A CN104472069 A CN 104472069A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of a dading balsam pear. The method comprises the following steps: selecting seeds; preprocessing the seeds; sowing and growing seedlings; preparing soil and bedding; fertilizing at an earlier stage; carrying out field planting; managing after field planting; and harvesting. According to the method disclosed by the invention, by adopting high-temperature seed soaking and disinfection, plant diseases and insect pests are reduced; and the amount of a pesticide in the later period is reduced. In order to adapt to moist and changeable weather conditions in a plateau section, a greenhouse is adopted to grow seedlings at a constant temperature; perlite is added to a matrix, so that the effects of heat preservation and breathability increase are achieved; and the root system is developed, strong in seedlings and high in survival rate. By adopting the method disclosed by the invention, the dading balsam pear can be continuously planted within three years, and is subjected to crop rotation after three years; through crop rotation, plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced by seed disinfection; according to the method, the pesticide amount is only 10%-30% of the original amount; the insect pests can be reduced by rational close planting; the yield can be increased by 10%-15%; in general, the planting cost can be effectively reduced by the planting method; the quality and yield of the product are improved; and the method is an excellent planting method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural cultivation technical field, be specifically related to the implantation methods of a kind of large top balsam pear.
Background technology
Large top balsam pear is the distinctive Varieties of Balsam Pear in large drop Tan limit, and large top balsam pear why One's good name spreads far and wide its forte own, the sweet plant of taste climbs growth, and point principal stresses is strong, leaf palmate 5-7 drastic crack.Unisexual flower, monoecism, main climing 8-14 leaf segment raw first female flower, after this raw female flower every 3-6 leaf segment.The short taper shape of melon, is about 20 centimetres, shoulder breadth 11 cm; Crust dark green, the irregular strumae of tool, knurl grain is thicker; Thick 1.3 cm of meat, less bitter taste, best in quality.The heavy 250-600 gram of single melon.Heat-resisting, resistance to fertilizer, strong adaptability but intolerant to waterlogging; Spring, summer, Qiu Sanji all can plant.
As the publication number patent document that is CN103814713A discloses the implantation methods of a kind of large top balsam pear, comprise the seed of the large top balsam pear selecting full grains, water with warm water, be suspended to well well head and carry out vernalization; Nursery in nutrition cup; Final singling; Water, apply fertilizer, topdress; Harvest with the step such as to topdress.The method combines the growth characteristics of large top balsam pear, targetedly from the change of reduction soil property acid-base value, improve per mu yield, the target improving crop quality obtains, have employed chicken manure, this kind of fertilizer of pig manure and the Liquid organic fertilizer after fermenting thereof are main, be aided with appropriate inorganic composite fertilizer, both sufficient nutrition can be provided to meet needed for the balsam pear growth of large top, the impact of chemical fertilizer on the change of soil property acid-base value can be reduced again, thus reduce the reduction that soil property changes the crop yield caused, but the method does not make corresponding process for the disease condition in the balsam pear planting process of large top, therefore will exist once large top balsam pear is ill, cause the hidden danger of economic loss.
And for example publication number is that the patent document of CN103664283A discloses a kind of large top balsam pear plantation special fertilizer, the special fertilizer of this invention have little to soil acid-base value variable effect, utilize organic waste to realize the feature turned waste into wealth, this special fertilizer can give large top, and balsam pear provides abundant nutrition, fertilizer efficiency is lasting, nutritious, damage by disease and insect can also be eliminated, improve immunity, increase yield and quality.
In a word, also exist in the balsam pear planting technology of large top at present yield poorly, the problem such as illness rate is high, poor quality, therefore, the present inventor plants the experience of 10 years according to oneself being engaged in balsam pear, for the habit of growth of large top balsam pear, do great many of experiments and research, large top balsam pear normal growth can have been ensured for vast grower provides one, improve the implantation methods of its output.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide the implantation methods of a kind of large top balsam pear, with solve the illness rate that balsam pears plantation in numerous large tops exists high, yield poorly, inferior problem.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
An implantation methods for large top balsam pear, the method comprises the following steps:
A, seed selection: select color pure, uniform particles, full, without the seed gone mouldy;
B, Seeds preprocess: adopt high-temperature seed presoaking, seed being put into temperature is that the water of 60-70 DEG C soaks 15-20min, then puts into disinfectant and soak 12h and carry out disinfection, and rear clear water of sterilize rinses three times, sows;
C, seeding and seedling raising: nursery in booth, first carries out disinfection to seedbed during nursery, add perlite 10kg in the seedling medium of 1 cubic metre, fitly enter seedbed after mixing, water permeable to matrix, control seedling bed temperature is 18-25 DEG C, maintenance seedling is neat, Miao Zhuan, and soil humidity is 30-40%;
D, the bedding of whole ground: furrow face width 80-90cm, furrow height 35-40cm, line-spacing 40cm, seedling spacing 80cm, individual plant reaches after 1.5m with seedling frame distribution free growth;
E, fertilising in early stage: use composite fertilizer 75kg for every mu, farmyard manure 400kg, cake fertilizer 75kg;
F, field planting: after 40 days, transplant planting is to land for growing field crops in nursery, and tangled vegetation is 700-800 plant/acre;
Manage after g, field planting: within after field planting 3-4 days, water once, every strain is watered 1-1.5L, wants applying fertilizer once when starting result;
H, to gather: 65-75 days after field planting, gather when weight is 0.25-0.75kg, should avoid when gathering touching case broken.
Disinfectant in described step b to be concentration be 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate.
The perlitic water content added in described step c is 10%.
Seedling medium in described step c is by volume for the ratio of 2:1 mixes with the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite.
In described steps d, the height of seedling frame is 1.8m.
The composite fertilizer used in described step e is MAP, and farmyard manure is horsehit, cow dung, pig manure obtain after mixed culture fermentation.
When starting result in described step g, every mu of fertilizer used is diammonium phosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 25kg.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: this method adopts high-temperature seed presoaking and sterilization, decrease damage by disease and insect, decrease later stage Pesticide use amount, in order to adapt to the moistening changeable climate condition in highlands, adopt the nursery of booth constant temperature, and perlite is added in matrix, reach insulation, increase the effect of gas permeability, make well developed root system, Miao Zhuan, survival rate is high, adopting in this method 3 years can continuous cropping, crop rotation after 3 years, pass through crop rotation, seed disinfection can reduce damage by disease and insect, the dosage of this method is only original 10-30%, and insect pest can be made to reduce by rational close planting, increase yield 10-15%, generally speaking, this implantation methods effectively can reduce planting cost, improve the quality of products and output, it is a kind of excellent implantation methods.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is further described, but described in claimed scope is not limited to.
Embodiment one
An implantation methods for large top balsam pear, the method comprises the following steps:
A, seed selection: select color pure, uniform particles, full, without the seed gone mouldy;
B, Seeds preprocess: adopt high-temperature seed presoaking, seed being put into temperature is that the water of 60 DEG C soaks 15min, then put into concentration be 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate soak 12h and carry out disinfection, rear clear water of sterilize rinses three times, sows;
C, seeding and seedling raising: nursery in booth, first seedbed is carried out disinfection during nursery, adding water content in the seedling medium of 1 cubic metre is 10% perlite 10kg, fitly seedbed is entered after mixing, water permeable to matrix, controlling seedling bed temperature is 18 DEG C, and maintenance seedling is neat, Miao Zhuan, and soil humidity is 30%;
D, the bedding of whole ground: furrow face width 80cm, furrow height 35cm, line-spacing 40cm, seedling spacing 80cm, with being highly 1.8m seedling frame distribution free growth after individual plant reaches 1.5m;
E, fertilising in early stage: every mu of application of phosphoric acid one ammonium 75kg, farmyard manure 400kg, cake fertilizer 75kg;
F, field planting: after 40 days, transplant planting is to land for growing field crops in nursery, and tangled vegetation is 700 plants/acre;
Manage after g, field planting: within after field planting 3 days, water once, every strain is watered 1L, and want applying fertilizer once when starting result, every mu of fertilizer used is diammonium phosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 25kg;
H, to gather: after field planting 65 days, gather when weight is 0.25kg, should avoid when gathering touching case broken.
Embodiment two
An implantation methods for large top balsam pear, the method comprises the following steps:
A, seed selection: select color pure, uniform particles, full, without the seed gone mouldy;
B, Seeds preprocess: adopt high-temperature seed presoaking, seed being put into temperature is that the water of 61 DEG C soaks 16min, then put into concentration be 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate soak 12h and carry out disinfection, rear clear water of sterilize rinses three times, sows;
C, seeding and seedling raising: nursery in booth, first seedbed is carried out disinfection during nursery, adding water content in the seedling medium of 1 cubic metre is 10% perlite 10kg, fitly seedbed is entered after mixing, water permeable to matrix, controlling seedling bed temperature is 19 DEG C, and maintenance seedling is neat, Miao Zhuan, and soil humidity is 31%;
D, the bedding of whole ground: furrow face width 81cm, furrow height 36cm, line-spacing 40cm, seedling spacing 80cm, with being highly 1.8m seedling frame distribution free growth after individual plant reaches 1.5m;
E, fertilising in early stage: every mu of application of phosphoric acid one ammonium 75kg, farmyard manure 400kg, cake fertilizer 75kg;
F, field planting: after 40 days, transplant planting is to land for growing field crops in nursery, and tangled vegetation is 710 plants/acre;
Manage after g, field planting: within after field planting 3-4 days, water once, every strain is watered 1.1L, and want applying fertilizer once when starting result, every mu of fertilizer used is diammonium phosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 25kg;
H, to gather: after field planting 67 days, gather when weight is 0.3kg, should avoid when gathering touching case broken.
Embodiment three
An implantation methods for large top balsam pear, the method comprises the following steps:
A, seed selection: select color pure, uniform particles, full, without the seed gone mouldy;
B, Seeds preprocess: adopt high-temperature seed presoaking, seed being put into temperature is that the water of 62 DEG C soaks 17min, then put into concentration be 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate soak 12h and carry out disinfection, rear clear water of sterilize rinses three times, sows;
C, seeding and seedling raising: nursery in booth, first seedbed is carried out disinfection during nursery, adding water content in the seedling medium of 1 cubic metre is 10% perlite 10kg, fitly seedbed is entered after mixing, water permeable to matrix, controlling seedling bed temperature is 20 DEG C, and maintenance seedling is neat, Miao Zhuan, and soil humidity is 32%;
D, the bedding of whole ground: furrow face width 82cm, furrow height 37cm, line-spacing 40cm, seedling spacing 80cm, with being highly 1.8m seedling frame distribution free growth after individual plant reaches 1.5m;
E, fertilising in early stage: every mu of application of phosphoric acid one ammonium 75kg, farmyard manure 400kg, cake fertilizer 75kg;
F, field planting: after 40 days, transplant planting is to land for growing field crops in nursery, and tangled vegetation is 740 plants/acre;
Manage after g, field planting: within after field planting 3 days, water once, every strain is watered 1.2L, and want applying fertilizer once when starting result, every mu of fertilizer used is diammonium phosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 25kg;
H, to gather: after field planting 69 days, gather when weight is 0.45kg, should avoid when gathering touching case broken.
Embodiment four
An implantation methods for large top balsam pear, the method comprises the following steps:
A, seed selection: select color pure, uniform particles, full, without the seed gone mouldy;
B, Seeds preprocess: adopt high-temperature seed presoaking, seed being put into temperature is that the water of 66 DEG C soaks 18min, then put into concentration be 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate soak 12h and carry out disinfection, rear clear water of sterilize rinses three times, sows;
C, seeding and seedling raising: nursery in booth, first seedbed is carried out disinfection during nursery, adding water content in the seedling medium of 1 cubic metre is 10% perlite 10kg, fitly seedbed is entered after mixing, water permeable to matrix, controlling seedling bed temperature is 21 DEG C, and maintenance seedling is neat, Miao Zhuan, and soil humidity is 36%;
D, the bedding of whole ground: furrow face width 86cm, furrow height 38cm, line-spacing 40cm, seedling spacing 80cm, with being highly 1.8m seedling frame distribution free growth after individual plant reaches 1.5m;
E, fertilising in early stage: every mu of application of phosphoric acid one ammonium 75kg, farmyard manure 400kg, cake fertilizer 75kg;
F, field planting: after 40 days, transplant planting is to land for growing field crops in nursery, and tangled vegetation is 760 plants/acre;
Manage after g, field planting: within after field planting 3-4 days, water once, every strain is watered 1.3L, and want applying fertilizer once when starting result, every mu of fertilizer used is diammonium phosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 25kg;
H, to gather: after field planting 70 days, gather when weight is 0.55kg, should avoid when gathering touching case broken.
Embodiment five
An implantation methods for large top balsam pear, the method comprises the following steps:
A, seed selection: select color pure, uniform particles, full, without the seed gone mouldy;
B, Seeds preprocess: adopt high-temperature seed presoaking, seed being put into temperature is that the water of 68 DEG C soaks 18min, then put into concentration be 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate soak 12h and carry out disinfection, rear clear water of sterilize rinses three times, sows;
C, seeding and seedling raising: nursery in booth, first seedbed is carried out disinfection during nursery, adding water content in the seedling medium of 1 cubic metre is 10% perlite 10kg, fitly seedbed is entered after mixing, water permeable to matrix, controlling seedling bed temperature is 23 DEG C, and maintenance seedling is neat, Miao Zhuan, and soil humidity is 38%;
D, the bedding of whole ground: furrow face width 88cm, furrow height 38cm, line-spacing 40cm, seedling spacing 80cm, with being highly 1.8m seedling frame distribution free growth after individual plant reaches 1.5m;
E, fertilising in early stage: every mu of application of phosphoric acid one ammonium 75kg, farmyard manure 400kg, cake fertilizer 75kg;
F, field planting: after 40 days, transplant planting is to land for growing field crops in nursery, and tangled vegetation is 780 plants/acre;
Manage after g, field planting: within after field planting 4 days, water once, every strain is watered 1.4L, and want applying fertilizer once when starting result, every mu of fertilizer used is diammonium phosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 25kg;
H, to gather: after field planting 70 days, gather when weight is 0.65kg, should avoid when gathering touching case broken.
Embodiment six
An implantation methods for large top balsam pear, the method comprises the following steps:
A, seed selection: select color pure, uniform particles, full, without the seed gone mouldy;
B, Seeds preprocess: adopt high-temperature seed presoaking, seed being put into temperature is that the water of 70 DEG C soaks 20min, then put into concentration be 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate soak 12h and carry out disinfection, rear clear water of sterilize rinses three times, sows;
C, seeding and seedling raising: nursery in booth, first seedbed is carried out disinfection during nursery, adding water content in the seedling medium of 1 cubic metre is 10% perlite 10kg, fitly seedbed is entered after mixing, water permeable to matrix, controlling seedling bed temperature is 25 DEG C, and maintenance seedling is neat, Miao Zhuan, and soil humidity is 40%;
D, the bedding of whole ground: furrow face width 90cm, furrow height 40cm, line-spacing 40cm, seedling spacing 80cm, with being highly 1.8m seedling frame distribution free growth after individual plant reaches 1.5m;
E, fertilising in early stage: every mu of application of phosphoric acid one ammonium 75kg, farmyard manure 400kg, cake fertilizer 75kg;
F, field planting: after 40 days, transplant planting is to land for growing field crops in nursery, and tangled vegetation is 800 plants/acre;
Manage after g, field planting: within after field planting 4 days, water once, every strain is watered 1.5L, and want applying fertilizer once when starting result, every mu of fertilizer used is diammonium phosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 25kg;
H, to gather: after field planting 75 days, gather when weight is 0.75kg, should avoid when gathering touching case broken.
Below in conjunction with specific experiment example, product of the present invention and technique effect are further described.
Experimental example one
Adopt the large top balsam pear implantation methods of the embodiment of the present invention one, embodiment two, embodiment three, embodiment four, embodiment five, embodiment six and tradition to push up greatly balsam pear implantation methods and be ill contrast experiment, seven mu of sample plots altogether, every mu of sample plot plants 800 strain large top balsam pears, and its result is as shown in table 1:
Table 1 implantation methods of the present invention and traditional cultivation method plant the contrast of pushing up greatly balsam pear illness rate
Implantation methods plantation large top its illness rate of balsam pear traditional as can be seen from the above table exceeds a lot than the medicine of this implantation methods, and therefore employing method plantation large top balsam pear significantly can reduce the illness rate of balsam pear, improves economic benefit.
Claims (7)
1. an implantation methods for large top balsam pear, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A, seed selection: select color pure, uniform particles, full, without the seed gone mouldy;
B, Seeds preprocess: adopt high-temperature seed presoaking, seed being put into temperature is that the water of 60-70 DEG C soaks 15-20min, then puts into disinfectant and soak 12h and carry out disinfection, and rear clear water of sterilize rinses three times, sows;
C, seeding and seedling raising: nursery in booth, first carries out disinfection to seedbed during nursery, add perlite 10kg in the seedling medium of 1 cubic metre, fitly enter seedbed after mixing, water permeable to matrix, control seedling bed temperature is 18-25 DEG C, maintenance seedling is neat, Miao Zhuan, and soil humidity is 30-40%;
D, the bedding of whole ground: furrow face width 80-90cm, furrow height 35-40cm, line-spacing 40cm, seedling spacing 80cm, individual plant reaches after 1.5m with seedling frame distribution free growth;
E, fertilising in early stage: use composite fertilizer 75kg for every mu, farmyard manure 400kg, cake fertilizer 75kg;
F, field planting: after 40 days, transplant planting is to land for growing field crops in nursery, and tangled vegetation is 700-800 plant/acre;
Manage after g, field planting: within after field planting 3-4 days, water once, every strain is watered 1-1.5L, wants applying fertilizer once when starting result;
H, to gather: 65-75 days after field planting, gather when weight is 0.25-0.75kg, should avoid when gathering touching case broken.
2. the implantation methods of large top according to claim 1 balsam pear, is characterized in that: the disinfectant in described step b to be concentration be 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate.
3. the implantation methods of large top according to claim 1 balsam pear, is characterized in that: the perlitic water content added in described step c is 10%.
4. the implantation methods of large top according to claim 1 balsam pear, is characterized in that: the seedling medium in described step c is by volume for the ratio of 2:1 mixes with the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite.
5. the implantation methods of large top according to claim 1 balsam pear, is characterized in that: in described steps d, the height of seedling frame is 1.8m.
6. the implantation methods of large top according to claim 1 balsam pear, is characterized in that: the composite fertilizer used in described step e is MAP, farmyard manure is horsehit, cow dung, pig manure obtain after mixed culture fermentation.
7. the implantation methods of large top according to claim 1 balsam pear, is characterized in that: when starting result in described step g, every mu of fertilizer used is diammonium phosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 25kg.
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| CN105218269A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2016-01-06 | 南宁三达奥克化学有限责任公司 | A kind of balsam pear cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN105594415A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-05-25 | 潘发全 | Cultivation method for selenium-containing broad-shoulder bitter gourds |
| CN106211993A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-12-14 | 北海和思科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of high calcium Fructus Momordicae charantiae |
| CN107251918A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-10-17 | 蚌埠市涂山村富民石榴专业合作社 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings for improving balsam pear emergence rate |
| CN107548908A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-09 | 赵青娇 | A kind of implantation methods of seven color green peppers |
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| CN107548908A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-09 | 赵青娇 | A kind of implantation methods of seven color green peppers |
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Application publication date: 20150401 |