CN103828572B - Cassava cultivating method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cassava cultivation method, which is characterized in that it mainly includes the following steps: 1) turning the soil; 2) soil preparation: the soil moisture content is 50%-70%, and the depth of plowing is 22-30cm; 3) selecting the seed stem and Treatment of seed stems: cut the selected seed stems into 13-17cm, then soak the cut stems with dysonium or lime water for 10-15min for disinfection; 4) planting under seed; 5) field management; 6) Spraying paclobutrazol; the invention has simple operation steps and low cost, improves the planting output of farmers, and also meets market demands.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of cassava

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a cassava cultivation method.

Background technique

Cassava, also known as cassava and cassava, is listed as the world's three largest potato crops together with potatoes and sweet potatoes, and is also one of the seven major crops with an annual output of more than 100 million tons in the world. It originated in tropical America and is widely cultivated in tropical and parts of the world. In subtropical regions, cassava has been cultivated for nearly 5,000 years in the world. It is the main dry food and feed crop widely planted, and it is the main source of tropical energy in the daily food of many countries in tropical regions. Cassava can be used to make pastries, vermicelli, shrimp chips and sauces and other foods; it is rich in protein, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, and its nutritional value is similar to that of soybeans. It is a good vegetable protein and can be eaten as vegetables ;In industrial development and utilization, in the fermentation industry, tapioca starch or dry flakes can produce alcohol, citric acid, glutamic acid, lysine and cassava protein; tapioca starch can produce glucose, fructose, and produce sorbitol and mannitol. With the implementation of the household contract responsibility system, the increase in grain output and the adjustment of the planting industry structure, the benefits of cassava planting are low, and the seeds are reserved for years. Insufficient management of basal fertilizer and topdressing, intertillage and weeding, etc., caused the invasion of diseases and insect pests, resulting in a decrease in cassava production.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above deficiencies, the invention provides a method for cultivating cassava.

The technical scheme provided by the invention is:

A kind of cultivation method of cassava, is characterized in that, mainly comprises the following steps:

1) Turn the soil: Before planting cassava, plow the ground and expose it to the sun for 20 days to fully weather the soil;

2) Soil preparation: the soil moisture content is 50%-70%, deep plowing and harrowing, deep plowing 22-30cm, the land surface is flat, the soil clods are finely crushed, and there are no residual weeds and straws;

3) Seed stem selection and stem treatment: the stem is fresh, thick and dense, cut off the incision to see the milk leaching, use the middle and lower segments of the main stem as seedlings, and have strong germination power. Every 2-4 effective buds will The cassava seed stems are cut into lengths of 13-17cm, and the cut stems are soaked in ammonium or lime water for 10-15 minutes for disinfection to prevent the invasion of diseases and insect pests, which is conducive to emergence, strong seedlings and seedling cultivation;

4) planting

4.1 The planting time is selected from mid-February to late March, and the temperature of the day is 15°C-30°C;

4.2 On the prepared ground, the excavation depth is 10-20cm, and the selected stems are placed flat in the planting ditch, and the flat planting can achieve tuber formation all around. strain;

4.3 200-300 kg of compost per mu, poultry manure organic farmyard manure, and 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer are mixed and applied between the seedlings in the planting ditch and covered with 3-5 cm of soil;

5) Field management

5.1 Supplementary seedlings: 20-30 days after cassava planting, the emergence rate is 50%-90%, and the missing plants are replanted to preserve the seedlings;

5.2 Thinning: 30-50 days after cassava planting, the height of the seedlings is 20-30cm, and the seedlings are thinned, leaving 1-2 strong seedlings in each hole, so that the main seedlings left by the concentrated supply of nutrients can grow, so as not to reduce shading and consume nutrients;

5.3 Intertillage and weeding: 30-50 days after planting, carry out the first intertillage and weeding to promote the growth of seedlings, 70-90 days for the second intertillage and weeding, and 100-120 days for the third intertillage and weeding;

5.4 Topdressing: topdressing 2-3 times after planting, with N, P, K application;

6) Spray paclobutrazol: Mix 26g of paclobutrazol with 30 catties of water and spray on the top and young parts of cassava, so that it will not drip when it gets wet.

Preferably, in the step 3), the lower end of the stem is cut with a slant of 3-5 cm.

Preferably, in the step 5) topdressing is applied for 30-50 days after planting, 5-8 kg of urea per mu or 900-1300 kg of thin human and animal manure is applied, and 70-90 days of planting is applied for 4.5-5.2 kg of urea per mu. kg, 6-8 kg of potassium chloride fertilizer, and 2-3 kg of ammonium bicarbonate can promote the formation of tubers and increase the number of potatoes per plant. After planting for 90-120 days, apply 4.5-7 kg of potassium chloride per mu to promote tuber expansion and Starch buildup.

Preferably, in the step 6), paclobutrazol is sprayed when the seedling height is 30-50cm, 80-100cm, and 130-150cm.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: cassava is resistant to drought and frost, but not too barren land is suitable for growth. Before planting, loosen the soil with a plow and rake, loosen the soil, and promote the full absorption of soil nutrients, which is beneficial to the growth of cassava. The stems are soaked and disinfected to reduce the invasion of diseases and insect pests, which is beneficial to the emergence, strong seedlings and seedlings, improves the survival rate of cassava, and increases the yield by 20%-30%.

detailed description

Example 1

A kind of cultivation method of cassava, is characterized in that, mainly comprises the following steps:

1) Turn the soil: Before planting cassava, plow the ground and expose it to the sun for 20 days to fully weather the soil;

2) Soil preparation: the soil moisture content is 50%, deep plowing and harrowing, 25cm deep plowing, the land surface is flat, the soil clods are finely crushed, and there are no residual weeds and straws;

3) Selection of seed stems and treatment of seed stems: fresh stems, thick and dense nodes, cut off the incision to see the leaching of milk, use the middle and lower segments of the main stem as seedlings, and have strong germination power. The cut length of the stem is 14cm, and the cut stem is soaked in ammonium or lime water for 10 minutes for disinfection to prevent the invasion of diseases and insect pests, which is conducive to emergence, strong seedlings and seedling cultivation;

4) planting

4.1 The planting time is selected in mid-February, and the temperature of the day is 15°C-25°C;

4.2 On the prepared ground, the excavation depth is 12cm, and the selected stems are placed flat in the planting ditch, and the flat planting can achieve tuber formation around the surroundings, with a spacing of 60cm between plants and rows, and plant 1,000 plants per mu;

4.3 280 kg of compost per mu, organic farm manure for poultry manure, and 15 kg of compound fertilizer are mixed and applied, and applied between the seedlings in the planting ditch, covering 5cm of soil;

5) Field management

5.1 Supplementary seedlings: 20 days after cassava planting, the emergence rate is 70%, and the missing plants are replanted to preserve the seedlings;

5.2 Thinning: 30 days after cassava planting, the height of the seedlings is 20cm, and the seedlings are thinned, leaving 1-2 strong seedlings in each hole, so that the main seedlings left by the concentrated supply of nutrients can grow, so as not to reduce shading and consume nutrients;

5.3 Intertillage and weeding: 35 days after planting, carry out the first intertillage and weeding to promote the growth of seedlings, 79 days for the second intertillage and weeding, and 110 days for the third intertillage and weeding;

5.4 Topdressing: Topdressing fertilizer twice after planting, combined with N, P, and K application, 30 days after planting, apply 5 kg of urea per mu or 900 kg of thin human and animal manure, 79 days after planting, apply 4.5 kg of urea per mu, chlorinated 8 kg of potassium fertilizer and 3 kg of ammonium bicarbonate can promote the formation of tubers and increase the number of potatoes per plant;

6) Spray paclobutrazol: Mix 26g of paclobutrazol with 30 catties of water and spray on the top and young parts of cassava at the three stages of seedling heights of 30-50cm, 80-100cm, and 130-150cm respectively, without dripping.

The cassava cultivated by this technical method improves the emergence rate of the cassava and increases the yield by 20%.

Example 2

A kind of cultivation method of cassava, is characterized in that, mainly comprises the following steps:

1) Turn the soil: Before planting cassava, plow the ground and expose it to the sun for 20 days to fully weather the soil;

2) Soil preparation: the soil moisture content is 60%, deep plowing and harrowing, 22cm deep plowing, the land surface is flat, the soil clods are finely crushed, and there are no residual weeds and straws;

3) Selection of seed stems and treatment of seed stems: fresh stems, thick and dense nodes, cut off the incision to see the leaching of milk, use the middle and lower segments of the main stem as seedlings, and have strong germination power. The cut length of the stem is 16cm, and the cut stem is soaked in ammonium or lime water for 13 minutes for disinfection to prevent the invasion of diseases and insect pests, which is conducive to emergence, strong seedlings and seedling cultivation;

4) planting

4.1 The planting time is selected in late February, and the temperature of the day is 16°C-25°C;

4.2 On the prepared ground, the excavation depth is 14cm, and the selected stems are placed flat in the planting ditch, and the flat planting can achieve tuber formation around the surroundings, with a spacing of 65cm between plants and rows, and 950 plants per mu;

4.3 260 kg per mu of compost, poultry manure organic farmyard manure, and 15 kg of compound fertilizer are mixed, applied between the seedlings in the planting ditch, and covered with 5cm of soil;

5) Field management

5.1 Supplementary seedlings: 25 days after cassava planting, the emergence rate is 80%, and the missing plants are replanted to preserve the seedlings;

5.2 Thinning: 40 days after cassava planting, the height of the seedlings is 30cm, and the seedlings are thinned, leaving 2 strong seedlings in each hole, so that the main seedlings left by the concentrated supply of nutrients can grow, so as not to reduce shading and consume nutrients;

5.3 Intertillage and weeding: 40 days after planting, carry out the first intertillage and weeding to promote the growth of seedlings, 82 days for the second intertillage and weeding, and 120 days for the third intertillage and weeding;

5.4 Topdressing: topdressing 3 times after planting, combined with N, P, K application, 38 days after planting, apply 6 kg of urea per mu or 1100 kg of thin human and animal manure, 80 days after planting, apply 5.0 kg of urea per mu, chlorinated 6 kg of potassium fertilizer and 2.5 kg of ammonium bicarbonate can promote the formation of tubers and increase the number of potatoes per plant;

6) Spray paclobutrazol: Mix 26g of paclobutrazol with 30 catties of water and spray on the top and young parts of cassava at the three stages of seedling heights of 30-50cm, 80-100cm, and 130-150cm respectively, without dripping.

The cassava cultivated by this technical method improves the emergence rate of the cassava and increases the yield by 25.2%.

Example 3

A kind of cultivation method of cassava, is characterized in that, mainly comprises the following steps:

1) Turn the soil: Before planting cassava, plow the ground and expose it to the sun for 20 days to fully weather the soil;

2) Soil preparation: the soil moisture content is 70%, deep plowing and harrowing, 28cm deep plowing, the land surface is flat, the soil clods are finely crushed, and there are no residual weeds and straws;

3) Selection of seed stems and treatment of seed stems: fresh stems, thick and dense nodes, cut off the incision to see the milk leaching, use the middle and lower segments of the main stem as seedlings, and have strong germination power. Every 4 effective buds will cassava seeds The cut length of the stem is 17cm, and the cut stem is soaked in ammonium or lime water for 15 minutes for disinfection to prevent the invasion of diseases and insect pests, which is conducive to emergence, strong seedlings and seedling cultivation;

4) planting

4.1 The planting time is selected in early March, and the temperature of the day is 15°C-25°C;

4.2 On the prepared ground, the excavation depth is 20cm, and the selected stems are placed flat in the planting ditch, and the flat planting can achieve tuber formation around the surroundings, with a spacing of 80cm between plants and rows, and 880 plants per mu;

4.3 Mix 220 kg of compost per mu, poultry manure organic farmyard manure, and 12 kg of compound fertilizer, apply it between the seedlings in the planting ditch, and cover with 5 cm of soil;

5) Field management

5.1 Supplementary seedlings: 30 days after cassava planting, the emergence rate is 90%, and the missing plants are replanted to preserve the seedlings;

5.2 Thinning: 50 days after cassava planting, the height of the seedlings is 30cm, and the seedlings are thinned, leaving 2 strong seedlings in each hole, so that the main seedlings left by the concentrated supply of nutrients can grow, so as not to reduce shading and consume nutrients;

5.3 Intertillage and weeding: 50 days after planting, carry out the first intertillage and weeding to promote the growth of seedlings, 85 days for the second intertillage and weeding, and 110 days for the third intertillage and weeding;

5.4 Topdressing: topdressing 2-3 times after planting, combined with N, P, K application, 45 days after planting, apply 7 kg of urea per mu or 1100 kg of thin human and animal manure, 80 days after planting, apply 4.8 kg of urea per mu, 6 kg of potassium chloride fertilizer and 2.5 kg of ammonium bicarbonate can promote the formation of tubers and increase the number of potatoes per plant;

6) Spray paclobutrazol: Mix 26g of paclobutrazol with 30 catties of water and spray on the top and young parts of cassava at the three stages of seedling heights of 30-50cm, 80-100cm, and 130-150cm respectively, without dripping.

The cassava cultivated by this technical method improves the emergence rate of the cassava and increases the yield by 30%.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been disclosed as above, it is not limited to the use listed in the specification and implementation, it can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, and it can be easily understood by those skilled in the art Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific details without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of cultural method of cassava is it is characterised in that mainly comprise the steps that

1) dig: before plantation cassava, ground is turned over plough and shines 20 days in the sun；

2) site preparation: soil moisture content is 50%-70%, harrow broken of deep ploughing, deep plough 22-30cm, soil surface Smooth, soil block is in small, broken bits, noresidue weeds, stalk；

3) seed selection stem and kind stem are processed: kind stem is fresh, and sturdy section is close, break apart by chopping otch and see that milk leaches, with In stem, lower sections make seedling, intercepted length is the cassava seed stems of 13-17cm, takes 2-4 effectively Bud, the kind cutting stem is carried out with ambam or limewash soak 10-15min sterilization；

4) sow plantation

4.1 implantation times selected in mid-February to late March, when degree/day is 15 DEG C -30 DEG C；

4.2 dig out the plantation ditch that depth is 10-20cm on the ground put in order, and the kind chosen stem is kept flat Enter and plant in ditch, seeding row spacing is separated by 60-80cm, every mu of plant 800-1100 strain；

4.3 every mu of 200-300 kilogram of compost, fowl store the organic farm manure of excrement, 10-15 kilogram of mixing of composite fertilizer Apply, apply in plantation ditch between seedling and seedling, covering 3-5cm soil；

5) field management

5.1 fill the gaps with seedlings: 20-30 days after cassava plant, emergence rate 50%-90%, and carry out after-culture to being short of seedling；

5.2 thinnings: 30-50 days after cassava plant, height of seedling 20-30cm, land for growing field crops is carried out with thinning, every cave is stayed 1-2 young plant；

Weeding in 5.3: 30-50 days after plant, weeding in carrying out for the first time, carry out second within 70-90 days Secondary middle weeding, carries out weeding in third time for 100-120 days；

5.4 topdress: topdress 2-3 time after plantation, cooperation n, p and k apply；

6) spray paclobutrazol: 26g paclobutrazol mixes top and the young tender portion spraying in cassava with 30 jin of water Position, drenches and does not drip.

2. according to claim 1 the cultural method of cassava it is characterised in that described step 3) in Plant stem lower end cutting angle 3-5cm.

3. according to claim 1 the cultural method of cassava it is characterised in that described step 5) in Topdress in plantation 30-50 days, apply 5-8 kilogram of urea or apply 900-1300 kilogram of thin people and animals' liquid dung for every mu, Plantation 70-90 days, applies 4.5-5.2 kilogram of urea, 6-8 kilogram of potassium chloride fertilizer and ammonium hydrogen carbonate 2-3 for every mu Kilogram, plant 90-120 days, every mu of 4.5-7 kilogram of potassium chloride of administration.

4. according to claim 1 the cultural method of cassava it is characterised in that described step 6) in Spray paclobutrazol to spray when height of seedling 30-50cm, 80-100cm and 130-150cm.