CN105815000B - A kind of spring maize method for treating seeds and covering cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of spring maize method for treating seeds and covering cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105815000B CN105815000B CN201610163813.1A CN201610163813A CN105815000B CN 105815000 B CN105815000 B CN 105815000B CN 201610163813 A CN201610163813 A CN 201610163813A CN 105815000 B CN105815000 B CN 105815000B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, and in particular to a kind of spring maize method for treating seeds and covering cultivation method.Spring maize method for treating seeds of the present invention, spring maize seed is soaked with lactic acid solution under microwave radiation auxiliary, processing is modified to the performance of seed, experimental data is shown, the mode of the present invention handled spring maize seed, can effectively improve drought resisting and the cold tolerance of corn seed, even if in northern area, the plantation of late February can also be implemented in, to ensure shifting to an earlier date significantly for harvest time.Importantly, method for treating seeds of the present invention can also effectively improve the per mu yield of spring maize, and the form for harvesting product is preferable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, and in particular to a kind of spring maize method for treating seeds and plastic-film-covered cultivation side
Method.
Background technology
Corn also known as maize, ear of maize, maize etc., belong to grass family Zea.Corn rich in carbohydrate, protein,
The human body required nutriment such as vitamin, dietary fiber, mineral matter, especially its contain abundant luteole, linoleic acid and
Glutathione.Have shown that luteole is that the constituent of human retina, linoleic acid are the required fat of needed by human body in relation to research
Fat acid, glutathione, which have, improves immunity of organisms and anticancer function, dietary fiber with delaying blood glucose rise and removing enteron aisle
The functions such as rubbish.It may be said that corn whole body is precious, play an important roll to adjusting human body abnormal metabolism.
Corn is that important cereal crops, forage crop, light industry crop are the required important grain of world population
One of food and the raw material of industry, and one of widest cereal crops are distributed in the world, its cultivated area is only second to wheat and water
Rice two occupies the 3rd.China is located in corn gold growth band, is second-biggest-in-the-world maize production and the consumption for being only second to the U.S.
Big country, in China, corn is even more to have evolved into the first big industrial crops.
Corn divides spring maize and autumn corn according to the difference of implantation time, and spring maize the first tenday period of a month May late April are sowed, and eight
The last ten-days period moon can harvest.Autumn corn cannot be later than sowing mid-July, mid or late October harvest at the latest.Spring maize (spring
Maize) it is the corn that refers to spring sowing for autumn corn, because sowing time is early, is also referred to as in the north early beautiful
Rice.Spring maize is wider in China's plantation region, is mainly distributed on northeast, northwest and the north area of North China, southwestern Hills are also
It is distributed.
Differ greatly between sowing time of spring maize and harvest time region.Generally from south to north, start from mid-February to May
There are the area of sowing spring maize in the first tenday period of a month, during generally with 10cm soil temperatures stabilization more than 10 DEG C sowing be advisable；Harvest time is also
From south to north, from late July to mid-September, successively differ up to more than 50 days.The growth characteristic of spring maize is that seedling growth is slow,
Basal internode is shorter, and fringe position is low, robust plant, and lodging tolerance is stronger；But its fruit ear is big, and single plant yield is higher, high in full summer
Warm, rainy season, easy infection leaf blight, helminthosporium maydis, especially in cool and cold climate then easy infection head smut and smut.
For northern area, due to the limitation of regional climate temperature and rainfall, usually to wait until late April
It can plant spring maize, and harvest time then will be to even September at the bottom of August, this has seriously affected the plantation opportunity of autumn corn, leads
Northern area corn planting is caused to be typically only capable to complete one batch.Although develop in the prior art many for the single batch of production of raising corn
The technology measured and be modified to corn seed, but cannot all solve the present situation that northern area realizes two batches of corns of year kind.
The content of the invention
For this reason, the technical problems to be solved by the invention be to provide it is a kind of improve corn seed cold-resistant and drought resistance with
It is adapted to the method for treating seeds of north；
Second technical problem to be solved by this invention, which is to provide one kind, can realize that northern area spring maize is planted in advance
The spring maize covering cultivation method of plant.
In order to solve the above technical problems, spring maize method for treating seeds of the present invention, this method comprises the following steps：
(1) take spring maize seed to immerse lactic acid aqueous solution, and immersion treatment is carried out under the conditions of microwave radiation；
(2) corn seed after infiltration is dried to water content under vacuum condition and is less than 10%；
(3) dried corn seed is placed under low temperature, drying condition and carries out routine preservation, you can.
In the step (1), the microwave power of the microwave irradiation step is 100-200W.
In the step (1), the temperature of the soaking step is 40-50 DEG C.
In the step (1), the mass concentration of the lactic acid aqueous solution is 10-20wt%.
In the step (1), the quality of the corn seed and the volume ratio relation of the lactic acid aqueous solution are 20-30g/
L。
In the step (1), the time of the soaking step is 3-5h.
In the step (2), the temperature of the drying steps is 50-60 DEG C.
The invention also discloses application of the spring maize method for treating seeds in spring maize growing and cultivation field.
The invention also discloses a kind of spring maize covering cultivation method, include the following steps：
(a) seed after the processing of above-mentioned spring maize method for treating seeds is chosen, with Seed soaking 8-10h before sowing,
Then add seed coat agent and be coated processing；
(b) it is whole thin flat in a conventional manner by planting soil timing tillage, root stubble, stone are removed, to table soil pine in small, broken bits
It is soft, with Meteorological effect；
(c) base manure is used sufficient in a conventional manner, and the base manure is farm manure, organic fertilizer or farmyard manure；
(d) after leveling land, trench digging is carried out for broadcasting, and controls furrow width 60-65cm, enough depth 10-15cm；Monoseeding is beautiful in ditch
Rice, controls spacing in the rows 21-28cm, 4000-5000 plants/acre of density；
(e) watering, herbicide spraying, then cover mulch after having planted；The covering 1-2 row corns per film, after planting with the wind
Reality is buried in overlay film, film both sides with soil；
(f) after overlay film, after the expansion of the first leaf of seedling, timely rupture of membranes puts seedling, puts after seedling and obturages seedling hole, and observes corn life
Long situation, in due course watering, fertilizing, prevents pest and disease damage；
(g) waste film is thoroughly removed after harvest corn, purification soil, prevents farmland pollution, you can.
In the step (e), the mulch is polylactic acid film, and the mulch breadth is 80-100cm, thickness 0.006-
0.008 millimeter.
Spring maize method for treating seeds of the present invention, soaks spring maize kind under microwave radiation auxiliary with lactic acid solution
Son, processing is modified to the performance of seed, and experimental data is shown, the side of the present invention handled spring maize seed
Formula, can effectively improve drought resisting and the cold tolerance of corn seed, even if in northern area, can also be implemented in the kind of late February
Plant, to ensure shifting to an earlier date significantly for harvest time.Importantly, method for treating seeds of the present invention can also effectively improve spring jade
The per mu yield of rice, and the form for harvesting product is preferable.
Spring maize cultural method of the present invention, using covering with ground sheeting Adverse Resistance Cultivation new technology, is carried out with polylactic acid film
Plastic-film-covered cultivation, can make full use of thermal energy, nutrient, moisture, have soil moisture conservation to heat, can be with water-saving, province's fertilizer, moisturizing, suppression weeds life
It is long, reach the effect of increasing income.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Spring maize method for treating seeds includes the following steps described in the present embodiment：
(1) prepare mass concentration and be 10% lactic acid aqueous solution, and take 1L to be placed in microwave reactor, add spring maize kind
Sub- 30g, is 100W by microwave reactor microwave power set, and when temperature reaches 50 DEG C, constant temperature continues immersion treatment 5h；
(2) corn seed after infiltration is taken out, drains away the water and be placed in vacuum drier, controlled under vacuum condition
50-60 DEG C of drying temperature, drying to water content are less than 10%；
(3) by dried corn seed be placed in low temperature (10-15 DEG C), under the conditions of dry (air humidity is less than 30%) into
Row is conventional to be kept in dark place, you can.
Embodiment 2
Spring maize method for treating seeds includes the following steps described in the present embodiment：
(1) prepare mass concentration and be 20% lactic acid aqueous solution, and take 1L solution to be placed in microwave reactor, it is beautiful to add the spring
Rice seed 20g, is 200W by microwave reactor microwave power set, when temperature reaches 40 DEG C, constant temperature continues immersion treatment 3h；
(2) corn seed after infiltration is taken out, drains away the water and be placed in vacuum drier, controlled under vacuum condition
50-60 DEG C of drying temperature, drying to water content are less than 10%；
(3) by dried corn seed be placed in low temperature (10-15 DEG C), under the conditions of dry (air humidity is less than 30%) into
Row is conventional to be kept in dark place, you can.
Embodiment 3
Spring maize method for treating seeds includes the following steps described in the present embodiment：
(1) prepare mass concentration and be 15% lactic acid aqueous solution, and take 1L solution to be placed in microwave reactor, it is beautiful to add the spring
Rice seed 25g, is 150W by microwave reactor microwave power set, when temperature reaches 45 DEG C, constant temperature continues immersion treatment 4h；
(2) corn seed after infiltration is taken out, drains away the water and be placed in vacuum drier, controlled under vacuum condition
55 DEG C or so of drying temperature, drying to water content are less than 10%；
(3) by dried corn seed be placed in low temperature (10-15 DEG C), under the conditions of dry (air humidity is less than 30%) into
Row is conventional to be kept in dark place, you can.
Embodiment 4
Spring maize method for treating seeds includes the following steps described in the present embodiment：
(1) prepare mass concentration and be 12% lactic acid aqueous solution, and take 1L solution to be placed in microwave reactor, it is beautiful to add the spring
Rice seed 27g, is 180W by microwave reactor microwave power set, when temperature reaches 40 DEG C, constant temperature continues immersion treatment
3.5h；
(2) corn seed after infiltration is taken out, drains away the water and be placed in vacuum drier, controlled under vacuum condition
50-60 DEG C of drying temperature, drying to water content are less than 10%；
(3) by dried corn seed be placed in low temperature (10-15 DEG C), under the conditions of dry (air humidity is less than 30%) into
Row is conventional to be kept in dark place, you can.
Embodiment 5
Spring maize method for treating seeds includes the following steps described in the present embodiment：
(1) prepare mass concentration and be 18% lactic acid aqueous solution, and take 1L solution to be placed in microwave reactor, it is beautiful to add the spring
Rice seed 22g, is 120W by microwave reactor microwave power set, when temperature reaches 50 DEG C, constant temperature continues immersion treatment
4.5h；
(2) corn seed after infiltration is taken out, drains away the water and be placed in vacuum drier, controlled under vacuum condition
55 DEG C or so of drying temperature, drying to water content are less than 10%；
(3) by dried corn seed be placed in low temperature (10-15 DEG C), under the conditions of dry (air humidity is less than 30%) into
Row is conventional to be kept in dark place, you can.
Embodiment 6
Spring maize method for treating seeds includes the following steps described in the present embodiment：
(1) prepare mass concentration and be 5% lactic acid aqueous solution, and take 1L solution to be placed in microwave reactor, it is beautiful to add the spring
Rice seed 15g, is 250W by microwave reactor microwave power set, when temperature reaches 35 DEG C, constant temperature continues immersion treatment
2.5h；
(2) corn seed after infiltration is taken out, drains away the water and be placed in vacuum drier, controlled under vacuum condition
40-45 DEG C of drying temperature, drying to water content are less than 10%；
(3) by dried corn seed be placed in low temperature (10-15 DEG C), under the conditions of dry (air humidity is less than 30%) into
Row is conventional to be kept in dark place, you can.
Embodiment 7
Spring maize method for treating seeds includes the following steps described in the present embodiment：
(1) prepare mass concentration and be 25% lactic acid aqueous solution, and take 1L solution to be placed in microwave reactor, it is beautiful to add the spring
Rice seed 35g, is 80W by microwave reactor microwave power set, when temperature reaches 55 DEG C, constant temperature continues immersion treatment
5.5h；
(2) corn seed after infiltration is taken out, drains away the water and be placed in vacuum drier, controlled under vacuum condition
65-70 DEG C of drying temperature, drying to water content are less than 10%；
(3) by dried corn seed be placed in low temperature (10-15 DEG C), under the conditions of dry (air humidity is less than 30%) into
Row is conventional to be kept in dark place, you can.
Comparative example 1
The method of spring maize seed treatment described in this comparative example is same as Example 3, it is differed only in, using with dense
The Aqueous Solutions of Polyethylene Glycol of degree carries out seed immersion treatment, other processing steps are identical with mode.
Comparative example 2
The method of spring maize seed treatment described in this comparative example is same as Example 3, it is differed only in, using clear water
Seed immersion treatment is carried out, other processing steps are identical with mode.
Comparative example 3
The method of spring maize seed treatment described in this comparative example is same as Example 3, it is differed only in, and is in ultrasound
The immersion treatment of lactic acid aqueous solution is carried out under subsidiary conditions, the condition of the supersound process is：Ultrasound intensity is 95W/cm2, frequency
Rate is 80-100KHz, other processing steps are identical with mode.
Comparative example 4
The method of spring maize seed treatment described in this comparative example is same as Example 3, it is differed only in, in the step
Suddenly it is that processing is dried mutually synthermal in atmospheric conditions in the drying process of (2), other processing steps and mode phase
Together.
Embodiment 8-19
The method of spring maize plastic-film-covered cultivation includes the following steps described in the present embodiment：
(a) selected breeding：Seed is handled using spring maize method for treating seeds of the present invention, specific processing side
Formula see the table below shown in 1, should carry out preliminary screening to seed before sowing, it is desirable to seed purity >=98%, germination percentage >=90%, cleanliness
>=98%, water content≤13%；And 8-10h is handled with Seed soaking before sowing；Then selection high-efficiency low-toxicity is non-harmful
5.4% pyrrole, penta Suspension maize seed coat agent, measures (pesticide-seeds ratio 1 according to the rules：50) Dressing is carried out, to control seedling stage ash to fly
Lice, aphid, rough dwarf disease, head smut and banded sclerotial blight etc.；
(b) site preparation：Selection physical features it is flat it is fertile, soil layer is deep, irrigation and drainage easily arable land sowed, arable land soil property with light
Earth, middle earth are advisable；It is whole thin flat by soil timing tillage in 20 days or so 2 months then, root stubble, stone etc. are removed, table soil is in small, broken bits
It is soft, with Meteorological effect；
(c) base fertilizer is used sufficient：In 25 days or so 2 months then, base manure, base manure heavy dressing farmers' are used sufficient after site preparation in a conventional manner
Fertilizer, can also combine site preparation and select Commodity Organic Fertilizer or farmyard manure to be applied as base manure；The present invention select common 40% with
The Yang Feng composite fertilizers of upper content apply thousand grams/acre of 35-45,2 kgs/acre of zinc sulfate；
(d) sow：After leveling land, broadcast with tractor trench digging is standby, furrow width 60-65cm, enough depth 10-15cm；Simple grain in ditch
Seeding corn, spacing in the rows 21-28cm, 4000-5000 plants/acre of density；Watered after having planted according to convention amount, spray common remove
Careless agent, then covers mulch；
(e) epiphragma：The mulch selects polylactic acid film, and is advisable with water white transparency mulch, and mulch selects breadth 80-
100cm, 0.006-0.008 millimeters of thickness；2 row corns are covered per film, after planting reality is buried in overlay film, film both sides with soil with the wind；
(f) field management：After planting to put seedling, the generally sowing 10 days or so of overlay film corn in time in a conventional manner
Emergence, to avoid burn blade in film, after the expansion of the first leaf of seedling, just answers timely rupture of membranes to put seedling, puts after seedling and obturage seedling
Hole；And corn growth situation is observed, the additional fertilising of watering in due course prevents pest and disease damage, and top dressing can be selected the rich high nitrogen type in application ocean and answer
Hefei, 15,000 grams/acre of such as 35% (30-0-5,30-5-5)；
(g) useless film is removed：Treat that corn to the maturity period is harvested, and record harvest time and the per mu yield of each embodiment corn
In table 1 below；And waste film is thoroughly removed after harvest corn, purification soil, prevents farmland pollution.
1 spring maize of table harvests situation
| Numbering | Method for treating seeds | Ripe harvest time | Per mu yield/kg | Fruit morphology |
| Embodiment 8 | Embodiment 1 | The first tenday period of a month in July | 2050 | Full grains, no empty grain |
| Embodiment 9 | Embodiment 2 | The first tenday period of a month in July | 2100 | Full grains, no empty grain |
| Embodiment 10 | Embodiment 3 | The first tenday period of a month in July | 2300 | Full grains, no empty grain |
| Embodiment 11 | Embodiment 4 | The first tenday period of a month in July | 2200 | Full grains, no empty grain |
| Embodiment 12 | Embodiment 5 | The first tenday period of a month in July | 2180 | Full grains, no empty grain |
| Embodiment 13 | Embodiment 6 | Late July | 1900 | Full grains, no empty grain |
| Embodiment 14 | Embodiment 7 | Late July | 1950 | Full grains, no empty grain |
| Embodiment 15 | Comparative example 1 | Late August | 1600 | There is empty grain |
| Embodiment 16 | Comparative example 2 | Late August | 1780 | There is empty grain, it is less |
| Embodiment 17 | Comparative example 3 | Mid-August | 1700 | There is empty grain |
| Embodiment 18 | Comparative example 4 | Mid-August | 1900 | There is empty grain, it is less |
| Embodiment 19 | Do not handle | Mid-September | 1000 | Empty grain is more |
It was found from above-mentioned data, the mode of the present invention handled spring maize seed, can effectively improve maize seed
The drought resisting of son and cold tolerance, for north cold area, effectively can shift to an earlier date at least one moon, together by the planting season of corn
When can effectively improve the per mu yield of corn again, product form is preferable.
Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarifying the description, and the restriction not to embodiment.It is right
For those of ordinary skill in the art, can also make on the basis of the above description it is other it is various forms of change or
Change.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And the obvious change thus extended out or
Among changing still in the protection domain of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of spring maize method for treating seeds, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps：
(1) take spring maize seed to immerse lactic acid aqueous solution, and immersion treatment is carried out under the conditions of microwave radiation；
(2) corn seed after infiltration is dried to water content under vacuum condition and is less than 10%；
(3) dried corn seed is placed under low temperature, drying condition and carries out routine preservation, you can.
2. spring maize method for treating seeds according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step (1), the microwave
The microwave power of irradiation step is 100-200W.
3. spring maize method for treating seeds according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in the step (1), the immersion
The temperature of step is 40-50 DEG C.
4. according to any spring maize method for treating seeds of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that in the step (1), institute
The mass concentration for stating lactic acid aqueous solution is 10-20wt%.
5. spring maize method for treating seeds according to claim 4, it is characterised in that in the step (1), the corn
The quality of seed and the volume ratio relation of the lactic acid aqueous solution are 20-30g/L.
6. spring maize method for treating seeds according to claim 5, it is characterised in that in the step (1), the immersion
The time of step is 3-5h.
7. spring maize method for treating seeds according to claim 6, it is characterised in that in the step (2), the drying
The temperature of step is 50-60 DEG C.
8. any spring maize method for treating seeds of claim 1-7 is in the application in spring maize growing and cultivation field.
9. a kind of spring maize covering cultivation method, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
(a) seed after the processing of claim 1-7 any the methods is chosen, with Seed soaking 8-10h before sowing, then
Add seed coat agent and be coated processing；
(b) it is whole thin flat in a conventional manner by planting soil timing tillage, root stubble, stone are removed, it is in small, broken bits soft to table soil, with
Meteorological effect；
(c) base manure is used sufficient in a conventional manner, and the base manure is farm manure, organic fertilizer or farmyard manure；
(d) after leveling land, trench digging is carried out for broadcasting, and controls furrow width 60-65cm, enough depth 10-15cm；Monoseeding corn in ditch,
Control spacing in the rows 21-28cm, 4000-5000 plants/acre of density；
(e) watering, herbicide spraying, then cover mulch after having planted；The covering 1-2 row corns per film, after planting overlay film with the wind,
Reality is buried with soil in film both sides；
(f) after overlay film, after the expansion of the first leaf of seedling, timely rupture of membranes puts seedling, puts after seedling and obturages seedling hole, and observes corn growth feelings
Condition, in due course watering, fertilizing, prevents pest and disease damage；
(g) waste film is thoroughly removed after harvest corn, purification soil, prevents farmland pollution, you can.
10. spring maize covering cultivation method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that in the step (e), describedly
Film is polylactic acid film, and the mulch breadth is 80-100cm, 0.006-0.008 millimeters of thickness.
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| CN106688590A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-05-24 | 山西大学 | Anti-drought and water-retention maize yield-increasing planting method |
| CN106613919B (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2018-03-23 | 纪骏炜 | Hybrid corn seed breeding process under a kind of low temperature environment |
| CN107926544A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-20 | 安徽太阳花牧业有限公司 | A kind of environmental protection selenium-rich corn implantation methods |
| CN114097550A (en) * | 2021-11-28 | 2022-03-01 | 西安农链互联网科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating corn on high ridges in mulching mode |
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