CN114097550A - Method for cultivating corn on high ridges in mulching mode - Google Patents
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- CN114097550A CN114097550A CN202111427002.5A CN202111427002A CN114097550A CN 114097550 A CN114097550 A CN 114097550A CN 202111427002 A CN202111427002 A CN 202111427002A CN 114097550 A CN114097550 A CN 114097550A
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 241001125020 Geomys bursarius Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- VTNQPKFIQCLBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetochlor Chemical compound CCOCN(C(=O)CCl)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1CC VTNQPKFIQCLBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving ground temperature by adopting film-covering cultivation, which adopts a ridge culture mode of trapezoidal ridges, and digs water-collecting furrows at the top of ridge platforms, wherein the water-collecting furrows are positioned between seeding regions of each row, so as to ensure that rainwater or irrigation water does not overflow the soil-working surface, thus achieving the purpose of collecting rain, and transversely pressing a soil waistband after film covering to intercept runoff in the furrows; the purposes of water collection and soil moisture preservation are achieved, necessary moisture is provided for germination and seedling emergence of corn seeds, and the whole seedlings of the corn are promoted. Fertilizing furrows are formed in ridge table surfaces on two sides of the trapezoidal ridge, so that corn seeds and the fertilizing furrows are separated, the distance is larger than 15cm, the height of the fertilizer is lower than the sowing height, fertilizer water in the fertilizing area is slowly released to the sowing area through diffusion, and the situation of burning seeds and seedlings due to relative concentration of the fertilizer is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of corn cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating corn in a high-ridge film covering mode.
Background
The corn is a dry grain crop, but the corn has insufficient moisture in the whole growth period, is difficult to grow normally, and the emergence rate of the corn is low due to insufficient moisture content and lack of moisture in the soil, so that the moisture preservation of the field is very important, and sufficient fertilizer nutrients are required in each growth stage to ensure the strong seedlings and the strong plants of the corn, otherwise, the phenomena of fertilizer loss and premature senility are caused. According to the formula fertilization research of various parts of China, the nitrogen season utilization rate of field crops is lower than 35%, the phosphorus season utilization rate is lower than 20%, and the potassium season utilization rate is lower than 50%. The traditional planting mode generally spreads and applies fertilizer in soil and ploughs, the fertilizer is dispersed in the soil, part of the fertilizer leaks to the bottom in the soil, or the fertilizer exposed on the ground surface is decomposed into gas to be dissipated in the air, so that part of the fertilizer is lost and cannot be completely absorbed and utilized by the root system of a corn plant, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is low; rain is often little in corn sowing seasons, irrigation can not be timely performed in dry farmland peripheries due to water shortage, soil moisture is caused by large-area ploughing, and full seedlings of corn seeds are not favorably produced.
The layered fertilization is applied to crops such as corn, wheat, soybean, peanut and the like, but the layered fertilization proposed at present mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, fertilizers are applied below the seeds in a layered mode, although the seeds are separated from the fertilizers, the root hairs of the corn seedlings are easily burnt by the fertilizing mode, and the corn seedlings lose the water absorption or fertilizer absorption function; secondly, fertilizers are applied to the periphery of the seeds in a cross and layered mode, although the fertilizer is separated by more than 5cm, the root hairs of the corn seedlings are easy to be injured due to the high local concentration of the fertilizers; most of the fertilizer is buried around the seeds by digging pits and layering, and the fertilizer is easy to lose due to the fact that some pits are large at the top and small at the bottom, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is still not high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention aims to provide a method for cultivating corn on high ridges in a mulching mode.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the method for cultivating the corn on the high ridges by mulching comprises the following steps:
1) land preparation: performing soil preparation ridge culture to form a trapezoidal ridge with the height of the middle part being 10-15 cm and the height of the two sides being 20-30 cm, the width of the bottom of the ridge being 120-130 cm, the width of the ridge table of the middle part being 90-100 cm, and the width of the ridge tops of the two sides being 20-25 cm; sowing seeds on the middle ridge stage, wherein the row spacing is 30-40 cm;
soil preparation is carried out on the surface of the middle ridge of the trapezoidal ridge again to form a plurality of water collecting goffer ditches with the width of 10-15 cm and the depth of 10 +/-2 cm, and fertilizing ditches with the depth of 15-20cm and the depth of 8 +/-2 cm are dug in the middle of the trapezoidal ridge;
preparing fertilizing furrows on the ridge table surfaces on two sides of the trapezoidal ridge, wherein the distance between each fertilizing furrow and the adjacent row of sowing areas is 15-20 cm;
2) covering a film and increasing soil moisture: selecting a mulching film with the width of 40-60 cm for mulching, wherein the mulching film is tightly attached to ridge bases and water-collecting Gong ditches during mulching, and transversely pressing a soil waistband every 2.0m to prevent the film from being uncovered by strong wind and intercept runoff in the water-collecting Gong ditches; when in film covering, the film is covered to the two sides of the middle rice huller table, and the fertilizing groove is exposed;
3) after sowing, uniformly spraying 600kg of water with 1200ml/hm of acetochlor emulsion with the mass concentration of 75% on the ridge surface, flatly covering the fertilization area with a mulching film with the width of 20-25 cm in the fertilization area, covering the film with soil with the thickness of 2cm, and spraying acetochlor herbicide on the exposed ground once after covering the film and the soil.
Furthermore, the water collecting Gong ditch is positioned between two adjacent rows of seeding regions, and the distance between the water collecting Gong ditch and the seeding regions is 5-10 cm.
Further, management of the emergence stage: after the corn is sowed for 7-10 days, the seedlings are covered with a film, after the first leaves of the seedlings are unfolded, the film is broken in time to release the seedlings, the seedling holes are sealed after the seedlings are released, the growth condition of the corn is observed, and watering and fertilizing are carried out at proper time to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests.
Further, seedling checking and supplementing management: the hole-sowing corn should be planted in 3-4 leaf stage, the seedlings are settled in 4-5 leaf stage, the seedlings are settled in a proper late stage when the underground insect pest is serious or in a tuyere plot, one seedling is reserved in each hole, weak seedlings are removed, strong seedlings are reserved, and large seedlings are reserved.
Further, the mulching film is a biodegradable film, and the thickness of the mulching film is 0.006-0.008 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the ground temperature is improved by adopting film-covering cultivation, the water collecting furrows are dug at the tops of ridge platforms by adopting a ridge culture mode of trapezoidal ridges, the water collecting furrows are positioned between seeding regions of each row, rainwater or irrigation water is ensured not to overflow the soil gover surface, the purpose of collecting rain is achieved, and the runoff in the furrows is intercepted by transversely pressing a soil waistband after film covering; the purposes of water collection and soil moisture preservation are achieved, necessary moisture is provided for germination and seedling emergence of corn seeds, and the whole seedlings of the corn are promoted.
Fertilizing furrows are formed in ridge table surfaces on two sides of the trapezoidal ridge, so that corn seeds and the fertilizing furrows are separated, the distance is larger than 15cm, the height of the fertilizer is lower than the sowing height, fertilizer water in the fertilizing area is slowly released to the sowing area through diffusion, and the situation of burning seeds and seedlings due to relative concentration of the fertilizer is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the corn cultivation of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-middle ridge, 2-side ridge, 3-water-collecting Gong ditch, 4-fertilizing ditch and 5-seeding region.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
As shown in figure 1, the method for cultivating the corn in the high ridge mulching film comprises the following steps:
1) land preparation: performing soil preparation ridge culture to form a trapezoidal ridge with the height of the middle part being 10-15 cm and the height of the two sides being 20-30 cm, the width of the bottom of the ridge being 120-130 cm, the width of the ridge table of the middle part being 90-100 cm, and the width of the ridge tops of the two sides being 20-25 cm; sowing seeds on the middle ridge stage, wherein the row spacing is 30-40 cm;
soil is prepared on the surface of the middle ridge of the trapezoidal ridge, a plurality of water collecting goffers with the width of 10-15 cm and the depth of 10 +/-2 cm are formed, the water collecting goffers are positioned between two adjacent rows of seeding regions, and the distance between the water collecting goffers and the seeding regions is 5-10 cm; digging a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 15-20cm and the depth of 8 +/-2 cm in the middle part;
preparing fertilizing furrows on the ridge table surfaces on two sides of the trapezoidal ridge, wherein the distance between each fertilizing furrow and the adjacent row of sowing areas is 15-20 cm;
2) covering a film and increasing soil moisture: selecting a biodegradable mulching film with the thickness of 0.008cm and the breadth of 40-60 cm, laminating, wherein the mulching film is tightly attached to ridge platforms and water-collecting Gong ditches during laminating, transversely pressing a soil waistband every 2.0m, preventing the film from being uncovered by strong wind, and intercepting runoff in the water-collecting Gong ditches; when in film covering, the film is covered to the two sides of the middle rice huller table, and the fertilizing groove is exposed;
3) after sowing, uniformly spraying 600kg of water with 1200ml/hm of acetochlor emulsion with the mass concentration of 75% on the ridge surface, flatly covering the fertilization area with a mulching film with the width of 20-25 cm in the fertilization area, covering the film with soil with the thickness of 2cm, and spraying acetochlor herbicide on the exposed ground once after covering the film and the soil.
And (3) management of the seedling stage: after the corn is sowed for 7-10 days, the seedlings are covered with a film, after the first leaves of the seedlings are unfolded, the film is broken in time to release the seedlings, the seedling holes are sealed after the seedlings are released, the growth condition of the corn is observed, and watering and fertilizing are carried out at proper time to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests.
Seedling checking and supplementing management: the hole-sowing corn should be planted in 3-4 leaf stage, the seedlings are settled in 4-5 leaf stage, the seedlings are settled in a proper late stage when the underground insect pest is serious or in a tuyere plot, one seedling is reserved in each hole, weak seedlings are removed, strong seedlings are reserved, and large seedlings are reserved.
Example 1
1) Land preparation: performing ridge planting for soil preparation to form a trapezoidal ridge with the height of the middle part and the height of both sides being 15cm and 25cm, the width of the bottom of the ridge being 120cm, the width of the ridge table in the middle part being 100cm and the width of the ridge tops of both sides being 25 cm; sowing ridge-platform in the middle part, wherein the row spacing is 40 cm;
soil preparation is carried out on the table top of the middle ridge of the trapezoidal ridge again to form a plurality of water collecting goffer grooves with the width of 10cm and the depth of 8cm, the water collecting goffer grooves are positioned between two adjacent rows of seeding regions, and the distance between the water collecting goffer grooves and the seeding regions is 10 cm; digging a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 15cm and 8cm in the middle;
preparing fertilizing furrows on the ridge table surfaces on two sides of the trapezoidal ridge, wherein the distance between each fertilizing furrow and the adjacent row of sowing areas is 15 cm;
2) covering a film and increasing soil moisture: selecting a biodegradable mulching film with the thickness of 0.008cm and the width of 50cm, laminating, wherein the mulching film is tightly attached to ridge platforms and water-collecting Gong ditches during laminating, transversely pressing soil waistbands at intervals of 2.0m, preventing the film from being uncovered by strong wind, and intercepting runoff in the water-collecting Gong ditches; when in film covering, the film is covered to the two sides of the middle rice huller table, and the fertilizing groove is exposed;
3) after sowing, uniformly spraying 600kg of water with 1200ml/hm of acetochlor emulsion with the mass concentration of 75% on the ridge surface, flatly covering a fertilization area with a mulching film with the width of 25cm, covering soil with the thickness of 2cm on the film, and spraying acetochlor herbicide on the exposed ground once after covering the film and the soil.
And (3) management of the seedling stage: after the corn is sowed for 7-10 days, the seedlings are covered with a film, after the first leaves of the seedlings are unfolded, the film is broken in time to release the seedlings, the seedling holes are sealed after the seedlings are released, the growth condition of the corn is observed, and watering and fertilizing are carried out at proper time to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests.
Seedling checking and supplementing management: the hole-sowing corn should be planted in 3-4 leaf stage, the seedlings are settled in 4-5 leaf stage, the seedlings are settled in a proper late stage when the underground insect pest is serious or in a tuyere plot, one seedling is reserved in each hole, weak seedlings are removed, strong seedlings are reserved, and large seedlings are reserved.
Example 2
1) Land preparation: performing ridge planting for soil preparation to form a trapezoidal ridge with the height of the middle part and the height of both sides being 15cm and 25cm, the width of the bottom of the ridge being 120cm, the width of the ridge platform of the middle part being 90cm and the width of the ridge tops of both sides being 25 cm; sowing ridge-platform in the middle part, wherein the row spacing is 30 cm;
soil preparation is carried out on the table top of the middle ridge of the trapezoidal ridge again to form a plurality of water collecting goffer grooves with the width of 10cm and the depth of 8cm, the water collecting goffer grooves are positioned between two adjacent rows of seeding regions, and the distance between the water collecting goffer grooves and the seeding regions is 10 cm; digging a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 15cm and 8cm in the middle;
preparing fertilizing furrows on the ridge table surfaces on two sides of the trapezoidal ridge, wherein the distance between each fertilizing furrow and the adjacent row of sowing areas is 15 cm;
2) covering a film and increasing soil moisture: selecting a biodegradable mulching film with the thickness of 0.008cm and the width of 45cm, laminating, wherein the mulching film is tightly attached to ridge platforms and water-collecting Gong ditches during laminating, transversely pressing soil waistbands at intervals of 2.0m, preventing the film from being uncovered by strong wind, and intercepting runoff in the water-collecting Gong ditches; when in film covering, the film is covered to the two sides of the middle rice huller table, and the fertilizing groove is exposed;
3) after sowing, uniformly spraying 600kg of water with 1200ml/hm of acetochlor emulsion with the mass concentration of 75% on the ridge surface, flatly covering a fertilization area with a mulching film with the width of 25cm, covering soil with the thickness of 2cm on the film, and spraying acetochlor herbicide on the exposed ground once after covering the film and the soil.
And (3) management of the seedling stage: after the corn is sowed for 7-10 days, the seedlings are covered with a film, after the first leaves of the seedlings are unfolded, the film is broken in time to release the seedlings, the seedling holes are sealed after the seedlings are released, the growth condition of the corn is observed, and watering and fertilizing are carried out at proper time to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests.
Seedling checking and supplementing management: the hole-sowing corn should be planted in 3-4 leaf stage, the seedlings are settled in 4-5 leaf stage, the seedlings are settled in a proper late stage when the underground insect pest is serious or in a tuyere plot, one seedling is reserved in each hole, weak seedlings are removed, strong seedlings are reserved, and large seedlings are reserved.
Comparative example 1
1) Land preparation: the ridge height is 25cm, the ridge bottom width is 120cm, the ridge platform width is 100cm, the ridge platform is used for sowing, and the row spacing is 40 cm;
2) covering a film and increasing soil moisture: selecting a biodegradable mulching film with the thickness of 0.008cm and the width of 50cm, laminating, wherein the mulching film is tightly attached to ridge platforms during laminating, and transversely pressing a soil waistband every 2.0m to prevent film uncovering by strong wind;
the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
1) Land preparation: the ridge height is 25cm, the ridge bottom width is 120cm, the ridge platform width is 90cm, the ridge platform is used for sowing, and the row spacing is 30 cm;
2) covering a film and increasing soil moisture: selecting a biodegradable mulching film with the thickness of 0.008cm and the width of 45cm, laminating, wherein the mulching film is tightly attached to ridge platforms during laminating, and transversely pressing a soil waistband every 2.0m to prevent film uncovering by strong wind;
the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 2.
Examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2 select a high-quality common corn variety 'Fengyu No. 2' with high yield, good resistance and developed root system. The benefit ratios of examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 benefit comparison results Table
The test results show that the acre yield of the corn cultivation modes of the embodiments 1 and 2 has obvious effects of increasing the yield and the income compared with the acre yield of the common film mulching cultivation mode.
Although particular embodiments of the invention have been disclosed, the patented innovation is not limited to the embodiments described, but is fully applicable to many areas of patentable use, as equivalent alterations and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope of the claims. The invention is not limited to the specific illustrations and details described herein.
Claims (5)
1. The method for cultivating the corn on the high ridges in the mulching film is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) land preparation: performing soil preparation ridge culture to form a trapezoidal ridge with the height of the middle part being 10-15 cm and the height of the two sides being 20-30 cm, the width of the bottom of the ridge being 120-130 cm, the width of the ridge table of the middle part being 90-100 cm, and the width of the ridge tops of the two sides being 20-25 cm; sowing seeds on the middle ridge stage, wherein the row spacing is 30-40 cm;
soil preparation is carried out on the surface of the middle ridge of the trapezoidal ridge again to form a plurality of water collecting goffer ditches with the width of 10-15 cm and the depth of 10 +/-2 cm, and fertilizing ditches with the depth of 15-20cm and the depth of 8 +/-2 cm are dug in the middle of the trapezoidal ridge;
preparing fertilizing furrows on the ridge table surfaces on two sides of the trapezoidal ridge, wherein the distance between each fertilizing furrow and the adjacent row of sowing areas is 15-20 cm;
2) covering a film and increasing soil moisture: selecting a mulching film with the width of 40-60 cm for mulching, wherein the mulching film is tightly attached to ridge bases and water-collecting Gong ditches during mulching, and transversely pressing a soil waistband every 2.0m to prevent the film from being uncovered by strong wind and intercept runoff in the water-collecting Gong ditches; when in film covering, the film is covered to the two sides of the middle rice huller table, and the fertilizing groove is exposed;
3) after sowing, uniformly spraying 600kg of water with 1200ml/hm of acetochlor emulsion with the mass concentration of 75% on the ridge surface, flatly covering the fertilization area with a mulching film with the width of 20-25 cm in the fertilization area, covering the film with soil with the thickness of 2cm, and spraying acetochlor herbicide on the exposed ground once after covering the film and the soil.
2. The method for cultivating the corn on the high ridges with the mulching film as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water collecting Gong ditch is positioned between two adjacent rows of seeding regions, and the distance between the two seeding regions is 5-10 cm.
3. The method for cultivating the corn on the high ridges with the mulching film as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) management of the seedling stage: after the corn is sowed for 7-10 days, the seedlings are covered with a film, after the first leaves of the seedlings are unfolded, the film is broken in time to release the seedlings, the seedling holes are sealed after the seedlings are released, the growth condition of the corn is observed, and watering and fertilizing are carried out at proper time to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests.
4. The method for cultivating the corn on the high ridges with the mulching film as claimed in claim 1, wherein: seedling checking and supplementing management: the hole-sowing corn should be planted in 3-4 leaf stage, the seedlings are settled in 4-5 leaf stage, the seedlings are settled in a proper late stage when the underground insect pest is serious or in a tuyere plot, one seedling is reserved in each hole, weak seedlings are removed, strong seedlings are reserved, and large seedlings are reserved.
5. The method for cultivating the corn on the high ridges with the mulching film as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mulching film is a biodegradable film, and the thickness of the mulching film is 0.006-0.008 cm.
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