CN112005802A - Method for quickly building tea garden in alpine mountain area - Google Patents
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- CN112005802A CN112005802A CN202010782080.6A CN202010782080A CN112005802A CN 112005802 A CN112005802 A CN 112005802A CN 202010782080 A CN202010782080 A CN 202010782080A CN 112005802 A CN112005802 A CN 112005802A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly building a tea garden in a alpine mountain area, and belongs to the technical field of tea tree cultivation. The method for quickly building the tea garden in the alpine mountain area comprises the following steps: step 1: selecting tea seedlings; step 2: selecting a tea garden; and step 3: planting ditch reclamation; and 4, step 4: determining planting specifications; and 5: transplanting; step 6: fertilizing; and 7: and (6) trimming. By the method, the transplanting survival rate of the tea seedlings can be improved, the rapid growth of the tea seedlings is guaranteed, the tea seedlings enter a production tea garden in advance, and the purpose of rapidly forming the tea garden in the alpine mountain area is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for quickly building a tea garden in a high and cold mountain area, and belongs to the technical field of tea tree cultivation.
Background
According to the conditions of the tea garden, the tea garden in China is generally divided into a flat tea garden, a hilly tea garden and a mountainous tea garden. In recent years, along with the pursuit of consumers for high-quality tea, the concept of good tea in the mountain cloud is deeply enjoyed. The tea garden in the alpine mountain area generally refers to a tea garden constructed in an area with higher altitude, cold climate, large day and night temperature difference and less rainfall.
At present, the tea garden in the alpine mountain area has the problems of low transplanting survival rate, long production period, drought damage, cold damage in winter, high-temperature heat damage in summer, weed damage and the like, so that the management cost is overhigh, and the economic benefit of developing tea in the alpine mountain area is seriously restricted.
At present, the problems of drought damage of soil and cold damage in winter are generally reduced by adopting a method of mulching film or hay mulching; green manure is applied in spring or higher crops are planted for shading or weed control to solve the problem of weed damage. However, the measures cannot substantially solve the problems of low transplanting survival rate and long production period of newly-built tea gardens universally existing in alpine mountain areas.
In view of this, there is a need to provide a method for quickly building a tea garden in a alpine mountain area, so as to solve the deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for quickly building a tea garden in a alpine mountain area. By the method, the transplanting survival rate of the tea seedlings can be improved, the rapid growth of the tea seedlings is guaranteed, the tea seedlings enter a production tea garden in advance, and the purpose of rapidly forming the tea garden in the alpine mountain area is achieved.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for quickly building a tea garden in a alpine mountain area comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting tea seedling
Selecting tea seedlings which grow for more than two years and are 25cm-35cm high;
step 2: tea garden selection
Selecting mountain land with elevation of 600-800 m, gradient of 15-20 °, soil pH of 5.5-6.5 and fertile soil;
and step 3: reclamation of planting furrows
Digging planting furrows on a hilly land according to contour lines, removing weeds, turning surface soil to a bottom layer, applying an organic fertilizer and a slow release fertilizer as base fertilizers, and covering the base fertilizers with the base soil;
and 4, step 4: determination of planting specifications
Adopting a plum blossom type five-point planting method, namely three-row double-plant staggered strip planting, wherein the small row spacing is 18-22 cm, the plant spacing is 28-32 cm, the large row spacing is 98-102 cm, 2 plants are planted in each hole, and 5000-6000 plants are planted per mu;
and 5: transplanting
C, in months 4-5, carrying out root pulping on the tea seedlings selected in the step 1, then planting the tea seedlings into the dug planting furrows in the step 3 according to the planting specification of the step 4, and pressing the roots of the tea seedlings tightly;
step 6: fertilizing
Spraying fertilizer liquid at the root in 9 months, spraying once in one month, and applying base fertilizer from 12 months to next year in 1 month;
and 7: pruning
Carrying out first pruning in autumn of the current year of tea seedling transplantation; after the spring tea is picked in the second year and the third year of transplantation, the second pruning and the third pruning are respectively carried out, and the canopy is raised in autumn.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
firstly, in the step 1 of the invention, a method of 'big seedling transplanting' is adopted, namely, a tea seedling which grows for more than two years and is 25cm-35cm higher is selected, because the tea seedling is thick and strong in plant, developed and mature in root system, strong in cold resistance and drought resistance, still has strong growth capacity in a low-temperature environment in a high-cold mountain area, and can improve the transplanting survival rate of tea trees in a tea garden in the high-cold mountain area.
Secondly, in the step 3 of the invention, the slow release fertilizer is applied during the reclamation of the planting ditches, so that the fertilizer efficiency can be improved.
Thirdly, in the step 4 of the invention, a plum blossom type five-point planting method, namely three-row two-plant staggered strip planting, is adopted, so that the planting density can be improved, and the problems of low growth speed and low land utilization rate of tea trees in the tea garden in the alpine mountain area are solved. The small row spacing refers to the distance between two adjacent rows of tea seedlings in one plum blossom type, the large row spacing refers to the distance between two adjacent tea seedlings in the same row of two adjacent plum blossom types, and the plant spacing refers to the distance between two adjacent tea seedlings in the same column.
Fourthly, in the step 5 of the invention, before transplanting, yellow mud is adopted to carry out root pulping on the tea seedlings, so that the nutrient components required by the tea seedlings can be ensured, and the planting survival rate is improved. In addition, after the root of the tea seedling is compressed by soil, black agricultural film or black gardening ground cloth can be covered for grass prevention.
Fifthly, in the step 7 of the invention, the method of 'topping and cultivating the fleabane' is adopted, so that the leaf area index can be increased, and the efficient planting purposes of fast garden formation, next-year mining and third-year production can be achieved. The topping canopy cultivation, also called topping harvesting, is to harvest the bud and leaf at the top of the branch, so as to cultivate the tea canopy and make the crown shaped.
The method for quickly building the tea garden in the alpine mountain area has the advantages that:
1. by the method, the transplanting survival rate of the tea seedlings can be improved, the rapid growth of the tea seedlings is guaranteed, the tea seedlings enter a production tea garden in advance, and the purpose of rapidly forming the tea garden in the alpine mountain area is achieved.
2. The method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate, low in cost, wide in market prospect and suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, in the step 1, the variety of the tea seedling is any one or more of Guilv No. 1, Yao shan XiuLv and Wuniu Zao.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the tea tree variety has early bud advantage in the early ten days of the germination period from 2 months to 3 months.
Further, in the step 3, the depth of the planting furrows is 40cm-50 cm.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the planting ditch adopts the parameters, is beneficial to the root of the follow-up tea seedling in a deeper soft soil layer, can keep constant temperature and sufficient moisture throughout the year, and reduces or avoids the damage of low temperature and freeze injury of surface soil to the root system.
Further, in the step 3, the organic fertilizer is any one or a mixture of more than two of sheep manure, biological bacterial manure, peanut bran fertilizer, rapeseed bran fertilizer and tung seed bran fertilizer, and the application amount is 2.8 t/mu-3.2 t/mu; the slow release fertilizer is any one or a mixture of more than two of slow release mixed compound fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, slow release nitrogen fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the application amount is 140 kg/mu-160 kg/mu.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the fertilizing mode, the nutrient requirement of the subsequent tea seedlings can be met.
Further, in the step 5, the root pulp adopts yellow mud with the mass percentage of 50-60%.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the yellow mud with the parameters ensures the root-pulping effect of the tea seedlings.
Further, in the step 6, the fertilizer solution is a mixture of peanut bran fertilizer, compound fertilizer, urea and water, wherein the mass percentage of the peanut bran is 0.8-1.2%, the mass percentage of the compound fertilizer is 0.2-0.4%, and the mass percentage of the urea is 0.2-0.4%.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the parameters, the growth requirement of tea seedling growth can be met.
Furthermore, the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the compound fertilizer is 15%.
The compound fertilizer can be purchased from China-Arabic chemical fertilizers, Inc., and the specification is 50 kg/bag; or from Strobilanthes chemical, Inc. with a specification of 50 kg/bag; or can be purchased from Hubei Yangfeng group with the specification of 50 kg/bag.
Further, in the step 6, the base fertilizer is a mixture of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 45 kg/mu-55 kg/mu, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 18 kg/mu-22 kg/mu.
Furthermore, the organic fertilizer is any one or a mixture of more than two of sheep manure, biological bacterial fertilizer, peanut bran fertilizer, rapeseed bran fertilizer and tung seed bran fertilizer.
Furthermore, the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the compound fertilizer is 15%.
Further, in the step 7, the first pruning is carried out at a position 35cm-45cm away from the root of the tea seedling, the second pruning is carried out at a position 40cm-55cm away from the root of the tea seedling, and the third pruning is carried out at a position 45cm-65cm away from the root of the tea seedling.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the trimming mode, better trimming effect can be obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a quincunx five-point planting method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following detailed drawings, which are given by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The method for quickly building the tea garden in the alpine mountain area comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting tea seedling
In 2018 for 3 months, selecting a Guilv No. 1 tea seedling which grows for more than two years and has a seedling height of 25cm-35 cm.
Step 2: tea garden selection
Selecting mountain land with elevation of 600-800 m, gradient of 15-20 °, soil pH of 5.5-6.5 and fertile soil.
And step 3: reclamation of planting furrows
Digging a planting ditch with the depth of 40cm-50cm on a hilly land according to contour lines, removing weeds, turning surface soil to a bottom layer, applying sheep manure and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizers, wherein the application amount of the sheep manure is 2.8 t/mu, and the application amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 140 kg/mu, and covering the base soil on the base fertilizers.
And 4, step 4: determination of planting specifications
As shown in figure 1, the plum blossom type five-point planting method is adopted, namely three rows and two plants are planted in staggered strips, the small row spacing is 18cm, the plant spacing is 28cm, the large row spacing is 98cm, 2 plants are planted in each hole, and 5000 plants are planted per mu.
And 5: transplanting
And 3, in 2018, in 3-4 months, root pulping is carried out on the tea seedlings selected in the step 1 by adopting yellow mud with the mass percentage of 50%, then the tea seedlings are planted into the planting furrows dug in the step 3 according to the planting specification of the step 4, and the roots of the tea seedlings are tightly pressed.
Step 6: fertilizing
And in 9 months in 2018, spraying a fertilizer solution at the root, wherein the fertilizer solution is a mixture of peanut bran fertilizer, compound fertilizer, urea and water, the mass percentage of peanut bran is 0.8%, the mass percentage of compound fertilizer is 0.2%, the mass percentage of urea is 0.2%, and the spraying is performed once a month. The mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the compound fertilizer is 15%.
And applying a base fertilizer from 12 months in 2018 to 1 month in 2019, wherein the base fertilizer is a mixture of an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 45 kg/mu, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 18 kg/mu.
And 7: pruning
The first pruning is carried out in the autumn of 2018, and the pruning is carried out at the position 35cm-45cm away from the root of the tea seedling. And (4) pruning for the second time in 2019 in 6-7 months at a position 40-55 cm away from the root of the tea seedling, and performing topping and canopy cultivation in autumn. After spring tea is picked up in 2020, pruning is carried out for the third time at a position 45-65 cm away from the root of a tea seedling, and topping and raising are carried out in autumn. The tea garden is put into production at the beginning of 2020.
Example 2
The method for quickly building the tea garden in the alpine mountain area comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting tea seedling
And 3, in 2019, selecting a Yashan XiuLu tea seedling which is more than two years old and 25cm-35cm high.
Step 2: tea garden selection
Selecting mountain land with elevation of 600-800 m, gradient of 15-20 °, soil pH of 5.5-6.5 and fertile soil.
And step 3: reclamation of planting furrows
Digging planting furrows with the depth of 40cm-50cm on a hilly land according to contour lines, removing weeds, turning surface soil to a bottom layer, applying peanut bran fertilizer and slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the peanut bran fertilizer is 3.0 t/mu, the application amount of the slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer is 150 kg/mu, and covering the base soil on the base fertilizer.
And 4, step 4: determination of planting specifications
As shown in figure 1, the plum blossom type five-point planting method is adopted, namely three rows and two plants are planted in staggered strips, the small row spacing is 20cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, the large row spacing is 100cm, 2 plants are planted in each hole, and 5500 plants are planted in each mu.
And 5: transplanting
And 3, in 2019, in 3-4 months, root pulping is carried out on the tea seedlings selected in the step 1 by adopting yellow mud with the mass percentage of 55%, then the tea seedlings are planted in the planting ditches dug in the step 3 according to the planting specification of the step 4, and the roots of the tea seedlings are tightly pressed.
Step 6: fertilizing
And in 9 months in 2019, spraying a fertilizer solution at the root, wherein the fertilizer solution is a mixture of peanut bran fertilizer, compound fertilizer, urea and water, the mass percentage of the peanut bran is 1.0%, the mass percentage of the compound fertilizer is 0.3%, the mass percentage of the urea is 0.3%, and the spraying is performed once a month. The mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the compound fertilizer is 15%.
And applying a base fertilizer in 12 months in 2019 to 1 month in 2020, wherein the base fertilizer is a mixture of an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 50 kg/mu, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 20 kg/mu.
And 7: pruning
The first pruning is carried out in autumn of 2019, and the pruning is carried out at the position 35cm-45cm away from the root of the tea seedling. And performing second pruning in 6 months of 2020 at a distance of 40-55 cm from the root of the tea seedling. The tea garden can be harvested at the top in 6 months in 2020, and is put into production initially.
Example 3
The method for quickly building the tea garden in the alpine mountain area comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting tea seedling
3 months in 2015, selecting the black-ox morning tea seedlings which grow for more than two years and are 25cm-35cm high.
Step 2: tea garden selection
Selecting mountain land with elevation of 600-800 m, gradient of 15-20 °, soil pH of 5.5-6.5 and fertile soil.
And step 3: reclamation of planting furrows
Digging a planting ditch with the depth of 40-50 cm on a hilly land according to contour lines, removing weeds, turning surface soil to a bottom layer, applying rapeseed bran fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizers, wherein the application amount of the rapeseed bran fertilizer is 3.2 t/mu, the application amount of the monopotassium phosphate is 160 kg/mu, and covering the base soil on the base fertilizers.
And 4, step 4: determination of planting specifications
As shown in figure 1, the plum blossom type five-point planting method is adopted, namely three rows and two plants are planted in staggered strips, the small row spacing is 22cm, the plant spacing is 32cm, the large row spacing is 102cm, 2 plants are planted in each hole, and 6000 plants are planted per mu.
And 5: transplanting
And 3, in 2015, root pulping is carried out on the tea seedlings selected in the step 1 by adopting yellow mud with the mass percentage of 60%, then the tea seedlings are planted in the planting ditches dug in the step 3 according to the planting specification of the step 4, and the roots of the tea seedlings are tightly pressed.
Step 6: fertilizing
And in 9 months in 2015, spraying a fertilizer solution at the root, wherein the fertilizer solution is a mixture of peanut bran fertilizer, compound fertilizer, urea and water, the mass percentage of peanut bran is 1.2%, the mass percentage of compound fertilizer is 0.4%, the mass percentage of urea is 0.4%, and the spraying is performed once a month. The mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the compound fertilizer is 15%.
And applying a base fertilizer in 2015 year 12 months to 2016 years 1 months, wherein the base fertilizer is a mixture of an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 55 kg/mu, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 22 kg/mu.
And 7: pruning
The first pruning was done in autumn 2015 at a distance of 35-45 cm from the root of the tea seedling. And (4) carrying out second pruning in 2016 and 5-7 months at a position 40-55 cm away from the root of the tea seedling, and carrying out topping and canopy cultivation in autumn. After spring tea is picked up in 2017, pruning is carried out for the third time at a position 45-65 cm away from the root of a tea seedling, and topping and raising in autumn. The tea garden is put into production in 2017 in 3 months.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for quickly building a tea garden in a high and cold mountain area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: selecting tea seedling
Selecting tea seedlings which grow for more than two years and are 25cm-35cm high;
step 2: tea garden selection
Selecting mountain land with elevation of 600-800 m, gradient of 15-20 °, soil pH of 5.5-6.5 and fertile soil;
and step 3: reclamation of planting furrows
Digging planting furrows on a hilly land according to contour lines, removing weeds, turning surface soil to a bottom layer, applying an organic fertilizer and a slow release fertilizer as base fertilizers, and covering the base fertilizers with the base soil;
and 4, step 4: determination of planting specifications
Adopting a plum blossom type five-point planting method, namely three-row double-plant staggered strip planting, wherein the small row spacing is 18-22 cm, the plant spacing is 28-32 cm, the large row spacing is 98-102 cm, 2 plants are planted in each hole, and 5000-6000 plants are planted per mu;
and 5: transplanting
C, in months 4-5, carrying out root pulping on the tea seedlings selected in the step 1, then planting the tea seedlings into the dug planting furrows in the step 3 according to the planting specification of the step 4, and pressing the roots of the tea seedlings tightly;
step 6: fertilizing
Spraying fertilizer liquid at the root in 9 months, spraying once in one month, and applying base fertilizer from 12 months to next year in 1 month;
and 7: pruning
Carrying out first pruning in autumn of the current year of tea seedling transplantation; after the spring tea is picked in the second year and the third year of transplantation, the second pruning and the third pruning are respectively carried out, and the canopy is raised in autumn.
2. The method for rapidly building a tea garden in the alpine mountain area according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the variety of the tea seedling is any one or more of Guilv No. 1, Yao shan XiuLvLv and Wuniu Zao.
3. The method for rapidly building the tea garden in the alpine mountain area according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the depth of the planting furrows is 40cm-50 cm.
4. The method for quickly building a tea garden in the alpine mountain area according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the organic fertilizer is any one or a mixture of more than two of sheep manure, biological bacterial fertilizer, peanut bran fertilizer, rapeseed bran fertilizer and tung seed bran fertilizer, and the application amount is 2.8 t/mu-3.2 t/mu; the slow release fertilizer is any one or a mixture of more than two of slow release mixed compound fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, slow release nitrogen fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the application amount is 140 kg/mu-160 kg/mu.
5. The method for quickly building the tea garden in the alpine mountain area according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the root pulp adopts yellow mud with the mass percentage of 50% -60%.
6. The method for quickly building a tea garden in the alpine mountain area according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the fertilizer solution is a mixture of peanut bran fertilizer, compound fertilizer, urea and water, wherein the mass percentage of the peanut bran is 0.8% -1.2%, the mass percentage of the compound fertilizer is 0.2% -0.4%, and the mass percentage of the urea is 0.2% -0.4%.
7. The method for quickly building the tea garden in the alpine mountain area according to claim 6, wherein the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the compound fertilizer is 15%.
8. The method for quickly building a tea garden in the alpine mountain area according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the base fertilizer is a mixture of an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 45 kg/mu-55 kg/mu, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 18 kg/mu-22 kg/mu.
9. The method for quickly building a tea garden in the alpine mountain area according to claim 8, wherein the organic fertilizer is any one or a mixture of two or more of sheep manure, biological bacterial manure, peanut bran manure, rapeseed bran manure and tung seed bran manure; the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the compound fertilizer is 15%.
10. The method for rapidly building the alpine mountain tea garden according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein in the step 7, the first pruning is performed at a distance of 35cm to 45cm from the root of the tea seedling, the second pruning is performed at a distance of 40cm to 55cm from the root of the tea seedling, and the third pruning is performed at a distance of 45cm to 65cm from the root of the tea seedling.
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