CN112514744A

CN112514744A - Method for producing small overwintering plants of Chinese cabbage by small arch shed seedling culture

Info

Publication number: CN112514744A
Application number: CN202011422703.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李增武; 邹永洲; 丁健; 刘矿; 彭庆堂
Original assignee: Jinan Vegetable Technology Extension Service Center Jinan Freshwater Aquaculture Scientific Research Institute
Current assignee: Jinan Vegetable Technology Extension Service Center Jinan Freshwater Aquaculture Scientific Research Institute
Priority date: 2020-12-08
Filing date: 2020-12-08
Publication date: 2021-03-19

Abstract

The invention provides a method for producing small overwintering Chinese cabbage seedlings by small arch shed seedling culture. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a seed production field; sowing and raising seedlings; the sowing time is 10 months, 25 days to 11 months, 5 days; managing a seedbed; soil preparation and bed making; planting; preventing and controlling diseases and pests; and (6) harvesting. The method has the advantages of low cost, less labor, low risk, strong seedlings, developed root systems, high seed production yield, good seed quality and remarkably increased income of seed producers.

Description

Method for producing small overwintering plants of Chinese cabbage by small arch shed seedling culture

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural seedlings, in particular to a method for producing small overwintering Chinese cabbage seedlings by seedling culture in a small arch shed.

Background

Chinese cabbage native country, the cultivation history is long, the whole country especially has a large cultivation area in northern autumn vegetables, and the Chinese cabbage is an important vegetable variety in autumn, winter and spring for most urban and rural residents. Chinese cabbage has abundant resources, and hybrid seed production is mostly adopted, so that the production of hybrid seeds with high yield and good quality is particularly important.

The Chinese cabbage is sown in autumn, and protective measures are taken in winter to enable the Chinese cabbage to pass through a seedling stage at a proper temperature; transplanting the plant in a field in spring, and flowering and gradually maturing after low-temperature vernalization (the phenomenon that the plant seeds need to bear low temperature for a period of time to bloom and seed after sprouting to a seedling stage). The chinese cabbage starts at the stage of seed germination. The vernalization can be carried out after accumulating for a certain time and low temperature. The Chinese cabbage is a plant with same flowers and leaves, one flower has pistil and stamen, the pistil is in the center of the flower, the stamen is distributed around the pistil, however, the pollen of the same Chinese cabbage falls onto the stigma of the pistil, the stigma of the Chinese cabbage is not refined and does not sprout, and the self-incompatibility of the Chinese cabbage is shown. Even among the cabbages of the same line, the affinity is very poor. In production, the Chinese cabbage of two self-incompatible lines determined by breeding experts is generally adopted as a male parent and a female parent, and the ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: 1 quantity ratio for hybrid seed production.

The seed collection method generally comprises three methods, namely adult plant seed collection, semi-adult plant seed collection and small plant seed collection. The first two methods are mostly used for original seed production and seed purification and rejuvenation. The small plant seed collection is suitable for production seeds. The method is technically characterized in that sowing is carried out on the pre-drilled positive ridges in the middle ten days of 12 months, the soil temperature is generally improved by covering the film one week in advance, the grass mat is covered in the morning and evening about 2 months after sowing, and the grass mat is fixedly planted in the field in the last 3 months.

When the Chinese cabbage F1 generation is sown in cold field, the cold winter is positive, the air temperature and the ground temperature are low, the full-length seedlings can be sown only in 10-15 days after the original seeds are sown, the emergence time is too long, the emergence rate is easy to be reduced, the proportion of parents is disordered, and more manpower is needed to cover the grass mat for two months in the morning and evening. The seed production of the cold-ridge seedling in winter is always troubled by high cost, more labor, low rate of emergence, high risk, low yield of the seed production and unwilling farmers to breed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the existing Chinese cabbage seed production, through years of experimental research, according to the climate characteristics of Shandong province, the seed production modes of sowing in advance and small arch shed seedling culture overwintering are summarized. Through the change of the seedling raising and seeding date and the covering mode, the scientific mature method for raising strong seedlings without winter cold-bed seedling raising is adopted, the cost is low, the labor is less, the risk is low, the raised seedlings are strong, the root system is developed, the seed production yield is high, and the seed quality is good. Can be suitable for the northern Guangdong areas of Shandong areas of China

The invention provides a method for producing small overwintering Chinese cabbage seedlings by small arch shed seedling culture, which is realized by the following technical scheme:

1. selection of seed production field

A land block with water pouring condition and rich soil is selected to be used as a seed production field, and brassicaceous seed collection fields such as Chinese cabbage, rape, sedge and the like cannot be arranged in 2 ㎞ around the seed production field.

2. Seeding and seedling raising

(1) And (5) preparing seedling beds. Seedling cultivation beds with the length of 25m and the width of 1.8m in the north-south direction are made, every 666.7 square meters for making the seed field needs 35-45 square meters (30 cm anti-freezing ridges are reserved on two sides of a greenhouse film), and after the seedling beds are made, the bed soil is leveled.

(2) And (4) sowing time. Generally, the time is 10 months, 25 days to 11 months, 5 days.

(3) A sowing method. During sowing, two parents are sown separately, each parent occupies half, two beds are best, and if one bed is spaced by more than 30 cm, the two beds are marked. Before sowing, the furrow is watered sufficiently, after the water is infiltrated, the seeds are mixed with fine soil or sand for broadcasting (when the quantity of original seeds is small, the seeds can be ordered according to the density of 10cm & 10 cm), the fine soil with the thickness of about 0.5 cm is covered after the sowing, an arched shed is inserted on the furrow after the sowing, a film is covered, and the periphery of the furrow is tightly sealed by the soil.

3. Seedbed management

(1) And (5) managing before winter. Ventilating properly after seedling emergence according to the temperature condition and growth condition, wherein the temperature is not more than 35 ℃ at most, and sealing the periphery of the film when sealing and freezing until spring festival.

(2) And (5) management before permanent planting. After the spring festival, the temperature is gradually increased, ventilation is needed in time, the film is gradually lifted up before field planting, and low-temperature exercise is carried out.

(3) Removing impurities from the seedbed. Before planting, the variant and the hybrid of the seedbed are removed to ensure the purity of the seed production.

4. Soil preparation and bed making

(1) And (7) land preparation and fertilization. And (3) leveling the land before planting, and applying enough base fertilizer, wherein 5000 kg of miscellaneous fertilizer, 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20 kg of urea and 15 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to every 666.7 square meters, or 50 kg of plant ash is applied.

(2) And (6) making high ridges. The border making specification is that the border height is 15 cm, and the border surface is 80 cm.

5. Planting

(1) And (5) planting time. The suitable planting time is 2 months and 25 days to 3 months and 5 days.

(2) A field planting method. During field planting, two lines are planted in one furrow, the father female parents occupy 1 line, the line spacing is 55 cm, the plant spacing is 40-45 cm, 2500 & lt & gt strain is planted in every 666.7 square meter, the holes are dug, watering is carried out, seedlings are planted, and then a mulching film with the width of 100-120 cm is covered.

6. Management of field

(1) Digging seedlings. After 5-7d of field planting for seedling-slowing, the seedlings are pulled out from the mulching film.

(2) And (5) watering. Watering is generally carried out for 2-3 times in the whole growth period according to the water shortage condition.

(3) And (6) topdressing. If the base fertilizer is not applied enough, urea or diammonium can be applied after seedling recovering.

(4) And (6) topping. And when the main moss grows to about 6 cm, knocking out the top center of the main moss.

(5) Regulating the flowering phase. If the male parent and the female parent can not flower at the same time, early blossoming flowers are picked off until the flowers of the male parent and the female parent open simultaneously, so that the pollination rate is increased cheaply and the yield is increased.

7. Preventing and treating diseases and pests

Spraying carbendazim or chlorothalonil to prevent and treat various leaf spot diseases after field planting and seedling slowing; the abamectin and thiamethoxam can be used for preventing and treating striped flea beetles, aphids and leaf miners, and early prevention and treatment needs to be observed in advance and found early.

8. Harvesting

Harvesting at the end of 5 months and at the beginning of 6 months when the seeds are yellow and ripe, wherein the harvesting is carried out by using a sickle without pulling up roots or drying the seeds on the land so as to avoid carrying soil, and the seeds can be stored in a warehouse after being dried, carefully selected and cleaned.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the production technology of breeding the small plants of the Chinese cabbage through winter in the small arch shed, the cost is low, the labor is less, the risk is low, the bred seedlings are strong, the root system is developed, the seed production yield is high, the seed quality is good, and the income of seed producers is obviously improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a small shed for overwintering and seedling raising of Chinese cabbage;

FIG. 2 is a photograph of a small shed for overwintering and raising seedlings of Chinese cabbage;

FIG. 3 is a photograph of Chinese cabbage in the small shed during overwintering period;

FIG. 4 is a photograph of Chinese cabbage overwintering seedling growing in small shed at flowering stage.

Detailed Description

Example 1 comparison test of overwintering sowing time for Chinese cabbage seedling raising in small arch shed

The project group covers the small shed for overwintering and divides the overwintering into 6 sowing periods which are respectively 10 months and 15 days, 10 months and 25 days, 11 months and 5 days, 11 months and 15 days, 11 months and 25 days and 12 months and 5 days. The width of the small arched shed is 1.8 meters. The length is 35 meters. Film coating (fig. 1-3). Two meters at two ends of the shed are used as protection lines. 100 seeds are respectively taken and sowed into a cell, and the cells are irregularly arranged. Three treatments were done.

TABLE 1 investigation Table of emergence Rate

Injecting; the test site is Ningjin county king village. The time period is 2012.

As can be seen from Table 1, the rate of emergence showed a marked decline with the delay in the sowing time. The last three sowing periods are not suitable for overwintering production in a small arched shed, and the first sowing period has the defects that seedlings grow on vain due to higher sowing temperature, leaves are damaged and aged seriously during overwintering, and the seedlings cannot be used for production. Tests show that the best sowing time of the overwintering method for raising the seedlings of the Chinese cabbages F1 generation in a small shed is 10 months and 25 days to 11 months and 5 days.

Example 2 Chinese cabbage small shed seedling and cold-bed seedling growth contrast test

The subject group carries out comparison test on two kinds of seeding period treatment in a proper seeding period of small arch shed seeding and large Chinese cabbage seeding in the same plot with positive ridges (seeding is carried out in 12-15 days, the excessive seeding causes the excessive growth of the large Chinese cabbage seeding), and the time is 3-1 month after overwintering and before fixed planting, and the seedling leaves and root systems are respectively investigated. Therefore, it was not investigated. And (4) remaining the sowing period, processing and taking 10 seedlings respectively, checking the number of leaves of the seedlings, measuring the length of a root system, and taking the average value of the number of leaves and the length of the root system. The results are shown in the following table.

TABLE 2 leaf number, root length questionnaire table

Injecting; the survey time is 2013, 3 months and 1 day

It can be seen from table 2 that the number of the seedling leaves cultivated by the small arch shed seedling cultivation is more than that of the cold-ridge seedling cultivation, and the root length is close to 2 times of that of the cold-ridge seedling cultivation. The quality of seedlings is superior to that of the seedlings grown in the cold frames, and the amount of labor is obviously reduced because the cold frame straw mat does not need to be uncovered every day.

Example 3 comparison test of the yield of overwintering seedling and cold-bed seedling in small shed

The yield comparison test of the two seedling raising methods is also carried out in 2012 and 2013. The same variety is planted in 1 mu of seed collecting field by three growers, and the planting area is 0.5 mu by two seedling raising methods. Under the condition of same row spacing and same planting technology, the plants are harvested simultaneously after being matured (figure 4). The yield statistics and thousand kernel weight survey are shown in the following table;

TABLE 3 comparison of yields

As can be seen from Table 3, the average yield per mu of the overwintering seedlings in the small arch shed is 144.5 kg, the average yield per mu of the male ridge seedlings is 106.6, and the yield is increased by 35.6%. The seed production cost is increased by 1137 yuan according to the seed production cost of 30 yuan per kg.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of this patent, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of this patent, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of this patent.

Claims

1. A method for producing small overwintering plants of Chinese cabbage by small arch shed seedling culture is characterized by comprising the following steps:

ST1 selection of seed production field

Selecting a land block with water pouring condition and fertile soil as a seed production field, wherein 2 ㎞ of the periphery of the seed production field is free of brassicaceous seed collection fields such as Chinese cabbage, rape, sedge and the like;

ST2 sowing and seedling raising

(1) Preparing seedling beds: making seedling beds with the length of 25m and the width of 1.8m in the north-south direction, and leveling the bed soil after the seedling beds are made;

(2) sowing time: 25 days in 10 months to 5 days in 11 months;

(3) the sowing method comprises the following steps: during sowing, two parents are sown separately, and each parent occupies half of the sowing time; before sowing, watering the furrow sufficiently, after the water seeps, doping fine soil or sand into the seeds for sowing, covering the fine soil with thickness of about 0.5 cm after sowing, inserting an arched shed on the furrow after sowing, covering a film, and tightly sealing the periphery with soil;

ST3 seedbed management

(1) Managing before winter; ventilating properly after seedling emergence according to the temperature condition and growth condition, wherein the temperature is not more than 35 ℃ at most, and sealing the periphery of the film when sealing and freezing until spring festival;

(2) managing before planting; gradually raising the temperature after spring festival, ventilating in time, gradually lifting the film before planting, and performing low-temperature exercise;

(3) removing impurities from the seedbed; before planting, pulling out variant plants and hybrid plants of a seedbed to ensure the seed production purity;

ST4 soil preparation and ridge making

(1) Land preparation and fertilization; leveling the land before planting, and applying enough base fertilizer, wherein 5000 kg of miscellaneous fertilizer, 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20 kg of urea and 15 kg of potassium sulfate or 50 kg of plant ash are applied to every 666.7 square meters;

(2) making high ridges; the border making specification is that the border height is 15 cm, and the border surface is 80 cm;

ST5 permanent planting

(1) The time of field planting; the suitable planting time is 2 months and 25 days to 3 months and 5 days;

(2) a field planting method; during planting, two lines are planted in one furrow, the father female parents occupy 1 line, the line spacing is 55 cm, the plant spacing is 40-45 cm, 2500 & lt & gt-2800 plants are planted in every 666.7 square meters, the holes are dug, watering and seedling planting are carried out, and then a mulching film with the width of 100-120 cm is covered;

ST6 field management

(1) Digging seedlings; after 5-7 days of field planting and seedling slowing, the seedlings are pulled out from the mulching film;

(2) watering; watering for 2-3 times in the whole growth period according to the water shortage condition;

(3) topdressing; if the base fertilizer is not applied enough, urea or diammonium can be applied after the seedlings are slow;

(4) topping; knocking out the top center of the main moss when the main moss grows to about 6 cm;

(5) adjusting the flowering phase; if the male parent and the female parent can not flower at the same time, early-bloomed flowers are picked off until the flowers of the male parent and the female parent open simultaneously, so that the pollination rate is improved, and the yield is increased;

ST7 preventive and insecticidal

Spraying carbendazim or chlorothalonil to prevent and treat various leaf spot diseases after field planting and seedling slowing; the abamectin, thiamethoxam and the like can be used for preventing and treating striped flea beetles, aphids and leaf miners, and early prevention and treatment needs to be observed in advance and found early;

ST8 harvesting

The method for producing the small overwintering plant of the Chinese cabbage cultivated in the small arch shed as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the seedling raising bed (1) in the ST2 is prepared, and 35-45 square meters are needed for each 666.7 square meters for seed production field.

2. The method for producing the small overwintering plant of the Chinese cabbage cultivated in the small arch shed as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) preparing the seedling raising bed (1) in the ST2, and reserving anti-freezing beds of 30 cm at two sides of the greenhouse film.

3. The method for producing the small overwintering plant of the Chinese cabbage cultivated in the small arch shed as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the sowing method (3) in the ST2, the male parent and the female parent are divided into two furrows, or the male parent and the female parent are sown in one furrow, the interval between the two furrows is more than 30 cm, and the male parent and the female parent are marked.

4. The method for producing the small overwintering plant of the Chinese cabbage cultivated in the small arch shed as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the sowing method (3) in the ST2 is used for dibbling at the density of 10cm by 10cm when the original seed number is small.