CN109328894B - Space layout and cultivation method of forage grass for sheep - Google Patents
Space layout and cultivation method of forage grass for sheep Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a space layout and cultivation method of sheep pasture, which comprises the following steps: (1) pasture varieties and methods planted on sloping fields: planting pasture in sloping field, wherein the pasture is verbena, A, preparing land and applying base fertilizer; B. transplanting; C. field management and harvesting; (2) the method for planting the pasture in the dry land comprises the following steps: the soil is fertile, mulberry for feeding, ramie for high protein feeding, clover and honeysuckle are planted, and the mulberry is planted in northwest Hunan China; a method for planting high-protein feeding ramie in northwest Hunan province; a planting method of clovers in northwest Hunan province; a method for planting honeysuckle in northwest Hunan province; (3) the method for planting the pasture in the paddy field comprises the following steps: low-lying in paddy field, fertile soil, planting perennial Taiwan sweet elephant grass and perennial Guimu No. 1; a planting method of Taiwan sweet grassiness in northwest of Hunan province; guimu No. 1 planting method in northwest of Xiang. The method is simple, convenient to operate and capable of efficiently obtaining high forage grass yield and quantity. Is easy to be accepted and used by vast farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pasture cultivation, in particular to a space layout and cultivation method of pasture for sheep.
Background
The northern mountainous area of Hunan West is rich in water and heat resources, and most areas are better matched (high temperature and raininess in summer, and rain and heat in the same period), and the agricultural production potential brought by the climate is larger, so that the method is suitable for planting pasture. Taking Changde mountain area as an example, the annual average temperature is 16 ℃, the annual precipitation is 1440mm, the effective accumulated temperature is 5000 ℃ at the temperature of >10 ℃, and the annual sunshine hours are 1500 h.
The typical topography of the small watershed in the northern mountainous area of Hunan province is characterized by high mountains, gentle slopes, dry lands and paddy fields. At present, as the green and strong labor moves to cities, previously reclaimed wasteland, dry land and most paddy fields in hills are abandoned, and weeds and trees are clustered. If the artificial pasture can be established according to the characteristics of different terrain lands, the land utilization efficiency can be improved, sufficient forage is provided for sheep raising in the northern mountainous area of West Hunan province, and the development of sheep raising industry in the area is facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a space layout and cultivation method of sheep pasture, which is simple and convenient to operate, and can efficiently obtain higher pasture yield and quantity by utilizing the method to develop production. Is easy to be accepted and used by vast farmers.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:
a space layout and cultivation method of sheep pasture comprises the following steps:
(1) pasture varieties and methods planted on sloping fields: the sloping field is high in terrain (in a small watershed range of a hilly land, often the sloping field-dry land-paddy field-wetland distribution, the types of small watersheds are different in altitude (elevation), and the height is determined according to the field condition without specific height), and the drainage is convenient. The pasture variety planted in the sloping field is the bullwhip.
A method for planting verbena in northwest Hunan province comprises the following steps:
1. soil preparation and base fertilizer application. Before and after october, after the slope land is leveled with fine soil, equal height ditches (similar to terrace repairing, the height of the same field is consistent, the height of the same ditch is consistent) with the depth of 20-30 cm are opened, the plant spacing is 2-3 cm, the row spacing is 30 (cm), decomposed base fertilizer is applied to the ditches, 22500 plus 30000 kg/ha, 450 plus 600 kg/ha of compound fertilizer, and 15 kg/ha of boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are applied simultaneously.
2. And (5) transplanting. Cutting before rainfall, wherein the length of a cutting stock plant is 20-30 cm and the cutting stock plant contains 2-3 knots.
3. Field management and harvesting: when the seedling emergence of the seed stem enters the jointing stage, 75 kilograms of urea is used for spreading additional fertilizer per hectare, and when the seed stem grows to 55-65 centimeters high, the seed stem is cut in a flush manner to promote tillering. The fermented sheep biogas slurry is applied to every 150000 kg/hectare per mowing, so that the growth and development are promoted. When the verbena is used as green feed, the verbena is mowed at the early stage from the jointing to the booting, the hay is prepared from the jointing to the heading stage, and the silage is from the heading stage to the fructification stage.
(2) The method for planting the pasture in the dry land comprises the following steps: the dry land has high topography (generally higher than 30-50 cm), good drainage effect and fertile soil, and is planted with mulberry for feeding, ramie for high protein feeding, clover and honeysuckle.
The mulberry planting method in northwest Hunan province comprises the following steps:
1. soil preparation and base fertilizer application. After the fine soil is evenly distributed on the dry land, ridges with the height of 30 cm and the width of 50 cm are formed. Digging 30 cm deep holes with the distance of 70-90 cm, applying thoroughly decomposed base fertilizer in the holes, 10000-.
2. And (5) transplanting. Planting 1-2 year old rooted seedlings before rainfall.
3. Field management and harvesting: and when the plants survive, the trunk with the height of 20-30 cm is reserved, and the lateral buds are promoted to form branches. After young shoots on the trunk grow out, removing weak shoots and keeping strong shoots, deleting dense shoots and keeping sparse shoots, selecting and keeping 3 young shoots uniformly distributed, pinching the selected and kept young shoots at a position 40-45cm away from the ground when the selected and kept young shoots grow to 30-35cm, culturing into a first branch, and harvesting a small amount of young shoots for eating without trimming in the same year. Cutting off old branch strips extracted last year before the sprout of the new sprout in the second year, selecting 3-4 strong tips which are dislocated with the first branch and are uniformly distributed for culturing after the new tip is extracted, cutting off the selected strong tips at a position 65-70cm away from the ground when the selected strong tips grow to be about 1m away from the ground, culturing into a second branch, and cutting off the base part of the branch strips on the second branch every year to culture into a fist-type low-stem tree shape with two layers of branches. After the mulberry leaves are cultured and shaped in a tree form, new shoots are cultivated on the second branch every year for harvesting, the specific harvesting method is to wipe off the dense and weak young shoots, and when the young shoots grow to about 15cm, the young shoots are removed from the base parts of the young shoots, and 3-4 leaves are left.
A method for planting high-protein feeding ramie in northwest Hunan province comprises the following steps:
1. soil preparation and base fertilizer application. Transplanting in the last ten days of 4 months, and selecting sunny days when transplanting. Before planting the ramie, furrows with the width of 1 meter are drilled, two lines are planted in each furrow, the plant-row spacing is 50 multiplied by 80 centimeters, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, 15000-.
2. And (5) transplanting. And (5) planting the seedlings with the bags before rainfall.
3. Field management and harvesting: in 5-6 months, cultivating and weeding the ramie field, wherein the harvesting height is generally about 70cm for harvesting the tender seedlings, and the annual harvesting times are 5-6. The newly planted ramie breaks the stalk in the last or middle ten days of 7 months, and the harvesting time in the current year is controlled within 4 times, so that the underground part can grow and store nutrients, and the regeneration capacity is improved. 15000 kg/hectare of sheep biogas slurry is applied after each harvest.
A method for planting clovers in northwest Hunan province comprises the following steps:
1. soil preparation and base fertilizer application. Before sowing, furrows with the width of about 1 meter are dug, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, 10000-.
2. And (5) broadcasting. Clover adopts a broadcast sowing mode. Soaking seeds before sowing, adding 1.5kg of water into each 1kg of seeds, adding 1g of ammonium molybdate to soak the seeds for 10-14 hours, adding 5-10kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer into fine soil (common) or 5-10kg of yellow sand, uniformly stirring and sowing. 667m2 sowing 0.4-0.5kg, the sowing quantity per mu in wet area is small (0.3-0.4kg), and the sowing quantity per mu in dry area is large (0.5-0.8 kg). The sowing depth is 0.5-2.0 cm. The seedling is not easy to emerge when the seeds are sowed deeply, and the soil quality (the depth of clay is 0.5-1.0cm, loam is 1-1.5cm, sandy soil is 1.5-2.0cm) is properly controlled.
3. And (5) field management and harvesting. After sowing, weeds are removed in time. Sowing in 9 months, blooming in 4 months in the next year, and blooming in 5 middle ten days, wherein the height of the grass layer in the flowering period is 15-20cm, which is the optimum period for mowing and utilizing. The regeneration capability after cutting is strong, and two grass layers can be quickly formed to cover the grassland.
A method for planting honeysuckle in northwest of Hunan province comprises the following steps:
1. soil preparation and base fertilizer application. Transplanting, namely digging furrows with the width of 1 meter, applying enough base fertilizer, 10000-.
2. And (5) transplanting. The honeysuckle seedlings are usually transplanted in about 4 months. Ditching is carried out on the furrow according to the line spacing of 21-22 cm, and 1 cm of soil is covered.
3. And (5) field management and harvesting. Timely pruning: the pruning is carried out from the falling of leaves in autumn to the germination in spring, the strong branches are generally slightly cut, the weak branches are strongly cut, the branches are all cut, and the ventilation and the light transmission are facilitated after the new branches grow out during the pruning. The method is characterized in that weak branches, withered and old branches, basal branches and the like are all cut off, the pruning of the land with poor fertilizer and water conditions is important, the old branches are cut off after the plant ages are aged, and new branches are promoted. The young plants (1-2 years old) are mainly cultured, and are slightly cut, 1-2 main branches are remained in plain land, and top tips of the main branches are cut off to increase the thickness and stand. Reasonably shaping: the shaping is carried out in combination with pruning, and is based on fertilizer and water management in principle, so that the shaping is integrally promoted, the space is fully utilized, the quantity of branches and leaves is increased, the plant type is more reasonable, and the flower yield and the yield can be obviously increased. The flowering time after pruning is relatively concentrated, the harvesting and processing are convenient, the branches can be erected after general pruning, and the removal of the weak branches and the basal branches is favorable for the formation of new flowers. The flowers are picked and then cut, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied once after the flowers are cut, 5-6 kilograms of urea is applied to each mu of land, and water (0.1 kilogram of each plant) is applied once to promote the early germination of the next batch of flowers, so that the flowers can be harvested 4 times in one year, and 150-200 kilograms of dry flowers can be produced per mu of land on average. Ridging and weeding: the honeysuckle is planted for 3 times each year, the first time is carried out when new leaves emerge, the second time is carried out before the second flowering phase, and the last time is carried out before frost in late autumn and early winter. The purpose of the ridging is to prevent the roots of the flowers from exposing the ground. Weeding starts from the periphery of flowers, and the roots are prevented from being damaged by taking care of the distance from the first to the next. Reasonable topdressing: in the first 1-2 years after planting honeysuckle, the plant is in the plant development and shaping period, and fertilizers such as human and animal manure, plant ash, urea, potassium sulfate and the like are applied. And applying fertilizers such as animal manure, cake fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and the like at the beginning of spring every year after 2-3 years of planting. After the first batch of flowers are harvested, a proper amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is added to provide sufficient nutrients for the next batch of flowers. After the early spring sprouts and the first batch of flowers are harvested every year, human excrement, chemical fertilizer and the like are applied in open-loop ditches.
(3) The method for planting the pasture in the paddy field comprises the following steps: low-lying paddy fields (areas with low terrain in small watershed), fertile soil, and can be planted with perennial Taiwan sweet grassiness and perennial Guimu No. 1.
The planting method of Taiwan sweet grassiness in northwest Hunan province comprises the following steps:
1. soil preparation and base fertilizer application. After fine soil is evenly prepared in the paddy field and dry land, ridges with the height of 30 cm and the width of 50 cm are formed. Digging 30 cm deep holes with the distance between the holes being 70-90 cm, applying thoroughly decomposed base fertilizer in the holes, 10000-.
2. And (5) transplanting. Transplanting the seedlings with roots before rainfall.
3. Field management and harvesting: the Taiwan sweet weevil grows slowly in the early stage and is easily affected by weeds, and intertillage and weeding are carried out for 2 times before the ridge (row) is sealed by plants. Weeding in intertillage for the first time, after planting for 1 month, weeding and loosening the soil in sunny days or cloudy days, and applying 8-10 g of urea to each plant; the second weeding is carried out after 2 and a half months of planting, at the time of the most vigorous growth period of the grass, 30 g of ammonium bicarbonate or urea is applied to each plant, and if the weeding is used as a seedling for cultivating, the ridging is carried out around the plant stump for avoiding lodging. Intertillage and weeding are carried out in time after the plants are harvested every time so as to loosen the soil and reduce the harm and regeneration of weeds. After each cutting, additionally applying nitrogen fertilizer 150-.
The planting method of Guimu No. 1 in northwest of Hunan province comprises the following steps:
1. soil preparation and base fertilizer application. After fine soil is evenly prepared in the paddy field and dry land, ridges with the height of 30 cm and the width of 50 cm are formed. Digging 30 cm deep holes with the distance of 70-90 cm, applying thoroughly decomposed base fertilizer in the holes, 10000-.
2. And (5) transplanting. Transplanting the seedlings with roots before rainfall.
3. Field management and harvesting: guimu No. 1 grows slowly in the early stage and is easily affected by weeds, and intertillage weeding is carried out for 2 times before the plants are covered with ridges (rows). Weeding in intertillage for the first time, after planting for 1 month, weeding and loosening the soil in sunny days or cloudy days, and applying 8-10 g of urea to each plant; the second weeding is carried out after 2 and a half months of planting, at the time of the most vigorous growth period of the grass, 30 g of ammonium bicarbonate or urea is applied to each plant, and if the weeding is used as a seedling for cultivating, the ridging is carried out around the plant stump for avoiding lodging. Intertillage and weeding are carried out in time after the plants are harvested every time so as to loosen the soil and reduce the harm and regeneration of weeds. After each cutting, applying 150-225 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare or applying 15000-22500 kg of decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer per hectare.
In summary, the base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure, pig manure and compost prepared from crop straws.
In summary, the compound fertilizer is produced by the chemical industry Co., Ltd of the New City2O5-K2O19-19-6) urea formaldehyde double-film compound fertilizer.
The pasture species and method for slope planting, the pasture species and method for dry land planting and the pasture species and method for paddy field planting are as follows: the method is carried out according to the terrain, mainly the distribution condition of soil moisture and fertility, and the types of the pasture are prepared. This configuration can achieve several effects: 1, improving the grass yield of unit land area. And 2, reducing the additional investment in the grass planting process. 3, the forage grass of the family of Gramineae, the forage grass of the family of Leguminosae, the forage grass of the family of Moraceae and the forage grass of the family of nettle are reasonably matched with the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, so that the nutritional requirements of the goats can be better met.
For the northwest Hunan mountainous area, a small watershed of a closed agricultural ecosystem is typically constructed as a sloping field + a dry land + a paddy field. Under the current agricultural conditions in hilly areas (the rural left-behind population is mainly the old, the young, the sick and the disabled women), one of the small watershed efficient utilization modes of the agricultural ecosystem is to develop the grass growing sheep raising industry. And the development of grass planting and sheep raising must consider planting grass according to local conditions and scientifically planting grass. The scientific grass planting comprises the following aspects: 1, planting proper pasture varieties according to the terrain to ensure high yield and high efficiency. 2, selecting the pasture according to the season law of the pasture to ensure the perennial supply. And 3, selecting the pasture according to the nutritional characteristics of the pasture to ensure that the requirements of the goat on various nutrients are met.
According to the three aspects, the invention prepares various pasture varieties in different terrain areas, is beneficial to maximizing the pasture planting benefit and is also beneficial to providing the pasture for the goats all the year round.
A. Pasture variety and method for planting in sloping field. Because the water content of the sloping field is lower all the year round, the verbena with strong drought resistance is selected, which is beneficial to quickly building the turf on the sloping field on one hand, and on the other hand, because the verbena is low temperature resistant, the evergreen can be kept, and the forage grass in winter can be provided. Meanwhile, the water and soil loss of the sloping field can be effectively prevented.
B. Pasture grass species and methods are planted in dry land. The dry land has flat topography, more water than the sloping land and less water than the paddy field, and is suitable for planting crops with neutral water demand, such as mulberry for feeding, ramie for high protein feeding, clover and honeysuckle. The crops have rich protein content or medicinal value, and provide rich nutrients for goats. These crops have moderate water demand and are unsuitable for stage growth when the soil moisture is too high or too low.
C. Pasture species and method for planting in paddy field. The paddy field is suitable for planting gramineous pasture with large water demand and large biomass, such as Taiwan sweet grassiness and perennial Guimu No. 1, because of low terrain and rich water. The Taiwan sweet grass and Guimu No. 1 have large biomass, and can provide a large amount of fiber feed sources for goats in 4-11 months.
The method is an effective mode for providing sufficient forage for farmers in the area by exploring the pasture with rich varieties planted in different agricultural small watershed units under the guidance of the theories of soil science and botany.
Compared with the common farmer, the technology has the following advantages and effects that the pasture is randomly planted in the agricultural small watershed: the technology scientifically lays the forage grass varieties according to the terrain conditions, and is favorable for improving the economic benefit of planting the forage grass. 2 the technology scientifically arranges the forage grass varieties according to the terrain conditions, is favorable for reducing the water and soil loss in the hilly area, and improves the utilization efficiency of water resources. 3, the technology scientifically arranges the forage varieties according to the terrain conditions, and is favorable for providing sufficient forage with balanced nutrition for goats.
The technology is selected according to the moisture status of soil when the compound fertilizer is used, the nitro compound fertilizer is used in the soil type with relatively less soil moisture in sloping fields and dry lands, and the urea-formaldehyde double-film compound fertilizer is used in the soil type with relatively high moisture content in paddy fields. This is because the soil with high water content has strong denitrification effect, and if the soil is applied with nitrate nitrogen compound fertilizer, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is low.
Through the specific technical measures, the problems that pasture resources in northern Hunan province are insufficient, and farmers cannot scientifically establish artificial pastures according to terrains are solved. By adopting the method, resources of hilly area sloping fields, dry land and paddy fields are efficiently utilized, and under the premise of ensuring the ecological environment of hilly and mountainous areas, the pasture is scientifically planted to develop rural economy and assist the hilly and mountainous areas to poverty collapse and enrich.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
at present, according to the local conditions of northern Hunan province, the grass planting technology in a sloping field-dry field-paddy field system is not reported. The artificial pasture is established according to the characteristics of different land types, so that the land utilization efficiency is greatly improved, sufficient forage is provided for sheep raising in northern Hunan province, and the development of sheep raising industry in the region is facilitated. Only a part of farmers plant Taiwan sweet grass in the field for feeding cattle and sheep. Compared with the common farmer, the technology has the following advantages and effects that the pasture is randomly planted in the agricultural small watershed: the technology scientifically lays the forage grass varieties according to the terrain conditions, and is favorable for improving the economic benefit of planting the forage grass. 2 the technology scientifically arranges the forage grass varieties according to the terrain conditions, is favorable for reducing the water and soil loss in the hilly area, and improves the utilization efficiency of water resources. 3 the technology scientifically arranges the forage grass varieties according to the terrain conditions,
is beneficial to providing sufficient forage with balanced nutrition for goats.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a pasture distribution diagram with different heights of a space layout and cultivation method of pasture for sheep.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
as can be seen from figure 1, the space layout and cultivation method of the forage grass for sheep comprises the following steps:
a space layout and cultivation method of sheep pasture comprises the following steps:
(1) pasture varieties and methods planted on sloping fields: the sloping field is high in terrain (in a small watershed range of a hilly land, often the sloping field-dry land-paddy field-wetland distribution, and the types of small watersheds have different altitudes (elevations), so that the sloping field does not have a specific height, and the appropriate height is selected according to specific conditions), and the drainage is convenient. The pasture variety planted in the sloping field is the bullwhip.
The method for planting the verbena in northwest Hunan province comprises the following steps:
1. soil preparation and base fertilizer application. Before and after october, after the sloping field is leveled with fine soil, equal height is opened for 20 or 30 cm deep ditches, the plant spacing is 2-3 cm, the row spacing is 30 (cm), decomposed base fertilizer is applied in the ditches, 22500 or 25000 or 28000 or 30000 kg/ha, compound fertilizer is 450 or 500 or 550 or 600 kg/ha, and simultaneously boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are respectively applied at 15 kg/ha.
2. And (5) transplanting. Cutting before rainfall, wherein the length of the cutting stock plant is 20 or 25 or 30 cm, and the cutting stock plant contains 2 or 3 nodes.
3. Field management and harvesting: when the seedling emergence of the seed stem enters the jointing stage, 75 kilograms of urea is used for spreading additional fertilizer per hectare, and when the seed stem grows to 55 cm, 58 cm, 62 cm or 65 cm, the seed stem is mowed in level to promote tillering. The fermented sheep biogas slurry is applied to every 150000 kg/hectare per mowing, so that the growth and development are promoted. When the verbena is used as green feed, the verbena is mowed at the early stage from the jointing to the booting, the hay is prepared from the jointing to the heading stage, and the silage is from the heading stage to the fructification stage.
The base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, the organic fertilizer comprises decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure, pig manure and compost prepared by crop straws.
The compound fertilizer is produced by Guizhou Kaishu group Limited company (N-P)2O5-K2O15-15-15) nitro compound fertilizer.
(2) The method for planting the pasture in the dry land has the advantages of high dry land topography (generally higher than 30 or 40 or 50 cm), good drainage effect and fertile soil, and is used for planting mulberry for feeding, ramie for high protein feeding, clover and honeysuckle.
The mulberry planting method in northwest Hunan province comprises the following steps:
1. soil preparation and base fertilizer application. After the fine soil is evenly distributed on the dry land, ridges with the height of 30 cm and the width of 50 cm are formed. Digging 30 cm deep holes with distance of 70-90 cm, applying thoroughly decomposed base fertilizer, 10000 or 14000 or 17000 or 20000 kg/hectare, compound fertilizer 350 or 380 or 410 or 450 kg/hectare, simultaneously applying boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer 15 kg/hectare respectively.
2. And (5) transplanting. Planting 1-2 year old rooted seedlings before rainfall.
3. Field management and harvesting: when the plant survives, the trunk with the height of 20cm, 26 cm or 30 cm is reserved, and the lateral bud is promoted to form a branch. And after young shoots on the trunk grow out, removing weak shoots and keeping strong shoots, deleting dense shoots and keeping sparse shoots, selecting and keeping 3 young shoots uniformly distributed, pinching at a position 40 or 43 or 45cm away from the ground when the selected and kept young shoots grow to 30 or 33 or 35cm, culturing to form a first branch, and harvesting a small amount of young shoot leaves for eating without trimming in the same year. Cutting off old branch strips extracted last year before the sprout of the new sprout in the second year, selecting 3-4 strong tips which are dislocated with the first branch and are uniformly distributed for culturing after the new tip is extracted, cutting off the selected strong tips at a position 65 or 68 or 70cm away from the ground when the selected strong tips grow to be about 1m away from the ground to culture the strong tips into a second branch, and cutting off the base part of the branch strips on the second branch every year to culture the branch strips into a fist-type low-stem tree shape with two layers of branches. After the mulberry leaves are cultured and shaped in a tree form, new shoots are cultivated on the second branch every year for harvesting, the specific harvesting method is to wipe off the dense and weak young shoots, and when the young shoots grow to about 15cm, the young shoots are removed from the base parts of the young shoots, and 3-4 leaves are left.
The base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure, pig manure and compost prepared from crop straws.
The compound fertilizer is produced by Guizhou Kaishu group Limited company (N-P)2O5-K2O15-15-15) nitro compound fertilizer.
A method for planting high-protein feeding ramie in northwest Hunan province comprises the following steps:
1. soil preparation and base fertilizer application. Transplanting in the last ten days of 4 months, and selecting sunny days when transplanting. Before planting the ramie, firstly, making ridges with the width of 1 meter, planting two lines in each ridge, planting the seeds at the row spacing of 50 multiplied by 80 centimeters, applying enough base fertilizer, namely 15000 or 17000 or 18000 or-20000 kilograms per hectare, and applying 350 or 390 or 430 or 450 kilograms per hectare of compound fertilizer.
2. And (5) transplanting. And (5) planting the seedlings with the bags before rainfall.
3. Field management and harvesting: and cultivating and weeding the ramie fields by 5 or 6 months. The harvesting times are properly controlled according to the temperature and the rainfall, the harvesting height is generally suitable for harvesting about 70cm tender seedlings, and the annual harvesting times are 5 or 6. The newly planted ramie breaks the stalk in the last or middle ten days of 7 months, and the harvesting time in the current year is controlled within 4 times, so that the underground part can grow and store nutrients, and the regeneration capacity is improved. 15000 kg/hectare of sheep biogas slurry is applied after each harvest.
The base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure, pig manure and compost prepared from crop straws.
The compound fertilizer is produced by Guizhou Kaishu group Limited company (N-P)2O5-K2O15-15-15) nitro compound fertilizer.
The planting method of the clovers in northwest Hunan province comprises the following steps:
1. soil preparation and base fertilizer application. Before sowing, making ridges with width of 1m, applying enough base fertilizer, 10000 or 12000 or 13500 or 15000 kg/hectare, and 300 or 340 or 380 or 400 kg/hectare of compound fertilizer.
2. And (5) broadcasting. Clover adopts a broadcast sowing mode. Soaking seeds before sowing, adding 1.5kg of water into each 1kg of seeds, adding 1g of ammonium molybdate to soak the seeds for 10 or 14 hours, adding 5 or 8 or 10kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer into fine soil (common) or 5 or 7 or 10kg of yellow sand, uniformly stirring, and sowing. 667m20.4 or 0.5kg of seeds are sown, the seeding rate per mu in wet areas is small (0.3 or 0.4kg), and the seeding rate per mu in dry areas is large (0.5 or 0.8 kg). The sowing depth is 0.5 or 1 or 2.0 cm. When the seeds are sown deeply, the seedlings are difficult to emerge, and the quality of the seedlings is properly controlled according to the soil texture (the depth of clay is 0.5 or 1.0cm, the depth of loam is 1 or 1.2 or 1.5cm, and the depth of sandy soil is 1.5 or 1.7 or 2.0 cm).
3. And (5) field management and harvesting. After sowing, weeds are removed in time. Sowing in 9 months, blooming in 4 months in the next year, and blooming in 5 middle ten days, wherein the height of the grass layer in the flowering period is 15-20cm, which is the optimum period for mowing and utilizing. The regeneration capability after cutting is strong, and two grass layers can be quickly formed to cover the grassland.
The base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure, pig manure and compost prepared from crop straws.
The compound fertilizer is produced by Guizhou Kaishu group Limited company (N-P)2O5-K2O15-15-15) nitro compound fertilizer.
A method for planting honeysuckle in northwest of Hunan province comprises the following steps:
1. soil preparation and base fertilizer application. Transplanting, namely firstly making ridges with the width of 1 meter, applying enough base fertilizer, 10000 or 12000 or 13500 or 15000 kg/hectare, and applying 350 or 380 or 410 or 450 kg/hectare of compound fertilizer.
2. And (5) transplanting. The honeysuckle seedlings are usually transplanted in about 4 months. Ditching is carried out on the furrow according to the line spacing of 21 cm or 22 cm, and 1 cm of soil is covered.
3. And (5) field management and harvesting. Timely pruning: the pruning is carried out from the falling of leaves in autumn to the germination in spring, the strong branches are generally slightly cut, the weak branches are strongly cut, the branches are all cut, and the ventilation and the light transmission are facilitated after the new branches grow out during the pruning. The method is characterized in that weak branches, withered and old branches, basal branches and the like are all cut off, the pruning of the land with poor fertilizer and water conditions is important, the old branches are cut off after the plant ages are aged, and new branches are promoted. The young plants (1-2 years old) are mainly cultured, and are slightly cut, 1-2 main branches are remained in plain land, and top tips of the main branches are cut off to increase the thickness and stand. Reasonably shaping: the shaping is carried out in combination with pruning, and is based on fertilizer and water management in principle, so that the shaping is integrally promoted, the space is fully utilized, the quantity of branches and leaves is increased, the plant type is more reasonable, and the flower yield and the yield can be obviously increased. The flowering time after pruning is relatively concentrated, the harvesting and processing are convenient, the branches can be erected after general pruning, and the removal of the weak branches and the basal branches is favorable for the formation of new flowers. Picking flowers and then shearing, dressing once quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer after shearing, wherein the amount of urea is about 5-6 kg per mu of land, and watering once (0.1 kg per plant) to promote the early germination of next-stubble flowers, so that the flowers can be harvested 4 times in one year, and 150 or 180 or 200 kg of dry flowers can be produced per mu on average. Ridging and weeding: the honeysuckle is planted for 3 or 4 times each year by earthing up and weeding, the 1 st time is carried out when new leaves emerge, the second time is carried out before the second flowering phase, and the last time is carried out before frost in late autumn and early winter. The purpose of the ridging is to prevent the roots of the flowers from exposing the ground. Weeding starts from the periphery of flowers, and the roots are prevented from being damaged by taking care of the distance from the first to the next. Reasonable topdressing: in the first 1-2 years after planting honeysuckle, the plant is in the plant development and shaping period, and fertilizers such as human and animal manure, plant ash, urea, potassium sulfate and the like are applied. And applying fertilizers such as animal manure, cake fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and the like at the beginning of spring every year after 2-3 years of planting. After the first batch of flowers are harvested, a proper amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is added to provide sufficient nutrients for the next batch of flowers. After the early spring sprouts and the first batch of flowers are harvested every year, human excrement, chemical fertilizer and the like are applied in open-loop ditches.
(3) The method for planting the pasture in the paddy field comprises the following steps: low-lying paddy fields (areas with low terrain in small watershed), fertile soil, and can be planted with perennial Taiwan sweet grassiness and perennial Guimu No. 1.
The planting method of Taiwan sweet grassiness in northwest Hunan province comprises the following steps:
1. soil preparation and base fertilizer application. After fine soil is evenly prepared in the paddy field and dry land, ridges with the height of 30 cm and the width of 50 cm are formed. Digging 30 cm deep holes with the distance between the holes being 70-90 cm, applying thoroughly decomposed base fertilizer in the holes, 10000 or 13000 or 16000 or 18000 or 20000 kilograms per hectare, and compound fertilizer 350 or 380 or 410 or 430 or 450 kilograms per hectare, and simultaneously applying boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer 15 kilograms per hectare respectively.
2. And (5) transplanting. Transplanting the seedlings with roots before rainfall.
3. Field management and harvesting: the Taiwan sweet weevil grows slowly in the early stage and is easily affected by weeds, and intertillage and weeding are carried out for 2 times before the ridge (row) is sealed by plants. Weeding in intertillage for the first time, after planting for 1 month, weeding and loosening the soil in sunny days or cloudy days, and applying 8 or 10 g of urea to each plant; the second weeding is carried out after 2 and a half months of planting, at the time of the most vigorous growth period of the grass, 30 g of ammonium bicarbonate or urea is applied to each plant, and if the weeding is used as a seedling for cultivating, the ridging is carried out around the plant stump for avoiding lodging. Intertillage and weeding are carried out in time after the plants are harvested every time so as to loosen the soil and reduce the harm and regeneration of weeds. After each mowing, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer 150 or 180 or 225 kg/hectare, or topdressing decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer 15000 or 17000 or 20000 or 22500 kg/hectare.
The base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure, pig manure and compost prepared from crop straws.
The compound fertilizer is a (N-P2O5-K2O 19-19-6) urea formaldehyde double-film compound fertilizer produced by chemical industries, Ltd.
The planting method of Guimu No. 1 in northwest of Hunan province comprises the following steps:
1. soil preparation and base fertilizer application. After fine soil is evenly prepared in the paddy field and dry land, ridges with the height of 30 cm and the width of 50 cm are formed. Digging 30 cm deep holes with distance of 70 or 80 or 90 cm, applying thoroughly decomposed base fertilizer, 10000 or 12000 or 15000 or 18000 or 20000 kg/hectare, compound fertilizer 350 or 360 or 390 or 420 or 450 kg/hectare, simultaneously applying boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer 15 kg/hectare respectively.
2. And (5) transplanting. Transplanting the seedlings with roots before rainfall.
3. Field management and harvesting: guimu No. 1 grows slowly in the early stage and is easily affected by weeds, and intertillage weeding is carried out for 2 times before the plants are covered with ridges (rows). Weeding in intertillage for the first time, after planting for 1 month, weeding and loosening the soil in sunny days or cloudy days, and applying 8 or 10 g of urea to each plant; the second weeding is carried out after 2 and a half months of planting, at the time of the most vigorous growth period of the grass, 30 g of ammonium bicarbonate or urea is applied to each plant, and if the weeding is used as a seedling for cultivating, the ridging is carried out around the plant stump for avoiding lodging. Intertillage and weeding are carried out in time after the plants are harvested every time so as to loosen the soil and reduce the harm and regeneration of weeds. After each mowing, applying 150 or 170 or 190 or 210 or 225 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare, or applying 15000 or 17000 or 19500 or 21000 or 22500 kilograms of decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer per hectare.
The base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure, pig manure and compost prepared from crop straws.
The compound fertilizer is a (N-P2O5-K2O 19-19-6) urea formaldehyde double-film compound fertilizer produced by chemical industries, Ltd.
In 2016 + 2017, the applicant compares the planting effects of different pasture products in the same small watershed, three plots are designed in the same type of plots, the size of each plot is 4 meters multiplied by 6 meters to 24 square meters, and the planting mode, the fertilizing amount and the field management of the same type of plants in the three types of plots are consistent. The results are shown in Table 1. The results show that the verbena is suitable for being planted on the sloping field, and the yield of the verbena planted on the sloping field is increased by 3.5 percent and 7.6 percent respectively compared with that of dry land and paddy field.
The mulberry for feeding, the ramie for high protein feeding, the clover and the honeysuckle are suitable for being planted in dry land with moderate water condition. The yield of the forage mulberry planted on the dry land is increased by 12.9 percent and 26.3 percent compared with the yield of the forage mulberry planted on the sloping land and the paddy field, and the survival rate of the forage mulberry in the dry land is the highest and reaches 98 percent. The yield of the forage ramie planted on the dry land is increased by 28.3.9 percent and 26.1 percent compared with the yield of the sloping land and the paddy field. The yield of the clover planted on the dry land is increased by 41.6 percent and 85.3 percent compared with that of the sloping land and the paddy field. The yield of the honeysuckle planted on the dry land is increased by 12.5 percent and 9.1 percent compared with the yield of the honeysuckle planted on the sloping land and the paddy field, and the survival rate of the honeysuckle planted on the dry land is the highest and reaches 99 percent.
The Taiwan sweet elephant grass and Guimu No. 1 are suitable for being planted in paddy fields. The yield of the Taiwan sweet elephant grass planted in the paddy field is increased by 22.2 percent and 10.0 percent compared with the yield of the sloping field and the dry land. The yield of the Guimu No. 1 planted in the paddy field is increased by 12.7 percent and 7.4 percent compared with the yield of the sloping field and the dry field.
Table 1: survival rate and yield of pasture planted in same small watershed and different block types
And 1, clover sowing mode is seed broadcasting, and the survival rate cannot be counted.
Claims (1)
1. A space layout and cultivation method of sheep pasture is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pasture species and a method for planting pasture in sloping fields, the pasture species planted in the sloping fields is verbena, and the method for planting the verbena in northwest Hunan comprises the following steps:
A. land preparation and base fertilizer application: before and after october, after the slope is evenly and finely divided, equal height is opened for 20-30 cm ditches, the plant spacing is 2-3 cm, the row spacing is 30 cm, decomposed base fertilizer is applied in the ditches, 22500-30000 kg/ha, 450-600 kg/ha compound fertilizer is applied, and 15 kg/ha boron fertilizer and 15 kg/ha zinc fertilizer are applied simultaneously;
B. transplanting: cutting before rainfall, wherein the length of a cutting stock plant is 20-30 cm and the cutting stock plant contains 2-3 nodes;
C. field management and harvesting: when seedling emergence of seed stems enters a jointing stage, spreading 75 kilograms of urea per hectare for additional fertilization to 55-65 centimeters, cutting uniformly to promote tillering, applying 150000 kilograms of fermented sheep biogas slurry per hectare every time of cutting, cutting at the early stage of jointing to booting when the verbena is used for green feeding, modulating hay at the jointing to heading stage, and ensiling from heading stage to fructification stage;
(2) the method for planting the pasture in the dry land comprises the following steps: the method for planting mulberry trees in northwest Hunan province comprises the following steps:
A. preparing soil, applying base fertilizer, after leveling fine soil in a dry land, forming ridges with the height of 30 cm and the width of 50 cm, digging holes with the depth of 30 cm, wherein the distance between the holes is 70-90 cm, applying decomposed base fertilizer in the holes, 10000-;
B. transplanting: planting 1-2 year old rooted seedlings before rainfall;
C. field management and harvesting: after the plant survives, keeping the plant height of 20-30 cm, after new shoots on the trunk grow out, removing weak shoots, keeping strong shoots, deleting dense shoots and sparsely, uniformly distributing and selecting 3 new shoots, allowing the selected new shoots to grow to 30-35cm, pinching at a position 40-45cm away from the ground, culturing into a first branch, no trimming in the same year, harvesting young shoots and leaves for eating, before new shoots germinate in a second year, cutting off old shoots which are extracted from the first branch last year, selecting 3-4 strong shoots which are dislocated with the first branch and uniformly distributed after the new shoots are extracted, culturing into a second branch, cutting off the selected shoots at a position 65-70cm away from the ground, culturing into a fist-type low stem which is two-layer branch tree-shaped, after mulberry leaves are cultured and shaped, and new shoots are harvested on the second branch every year, the harvesting method comprises removing the dense and weak young shoots, growing the young shoots to 15cm, and removing the young shoots at the base part with 3-4 leaves;
a method for planting high-protein feeding ramie in northwest Hunan province comprises the following steps:
A. land preparation and base fertilizer application: transplanting in ten days of 4 months, selecting sunny days during transplanting, making furrows before planting ramie, wherein the furrows are 1 meter wide, planting two lines in each furrow, the plant row spacing is 50 multiplied by 80 cm, applying sufficient base fertilizer, 15000-;
B. transplanting: planting the seedlings with the bags in a fixed way before rainfall;
C. field management and harvesting: cultivating and weeding the ramie field in 5-6 months, controlling the harvesting times according to the temperature and rainfall, harvesting tender seedlings at 70cm height, harvesting 5-6 times per year, breaking the stems of newly planted ramie in the last or middle ten days of 7 months, controlling the harvesting times in the current year within 4 times, and applying 15000 kg/hectare of the sheep biogas slurry after each harvesting;
a method for planting clovers in northwest Hunan province comprises the following steps:
A. land preparation and base fertilizer application: before sowing, furrows are drilled, the width of each furrow is 1 meter, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, 10000-;
B. broadcasting: sowing clover, soaking seeds before sowing, adding 1.5kg of water into each 1kg of seeds, adding 1g of ammonium molybdate to soak the seeds for 10-14 hours, uniformly mixing 5-10kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with 5-10kg of fine soil or yellow sand, sowing, 667m2 sowing 0.4-0.5kg, sowing quantity per mu in wet area 0.3-0.4kg, sowing quantity per mu in dry area 0.5-0.8kg, and sowing depth 0.5-2.0 cm;
C. field management and harvesting: after sowing, removing weeds, sowing in 9 months, enabling buds to bloom in 4 months in the next year, enabling the flowers to be full in 5 middle ten days, and enabling the height of a grass layer in the flowering period to be 15-20cm, so as to form a second grass layer to cover the grassland;
a method for planting honeysuckle in northwest of Hunan province comprises the following steps:
A. land preparation and base fertilizer application: transplanting, namely, firstly ridging, wherein the width of each ridging is 1 meter, applying enough base fertilizer, 10000-;
B. transplanting: transplanting the honeysuckle seedlings in 4 months, ditching on the furrows according to the row spacing of 21-22 cm, and covering soil with the furrows for 1 cm; C. field management and harvesting, pruning: pruning is carried out after leaves fall in autumn and before germination in spring, branches are all pruned, fine and weak branches, withered and old branches and basal branches are all pruned, young plants are 1-2 years old to cultivate the plant type, 1-2 main branches are left in plain land, top tips of the main branches are pruned to increase the thickness and erect the main branches, reshaping is carried out by combining pruning, flowering time after pruning is concentrated, harvesting and processing are carried out, branches can be erected after pruning, fine and weak branches and basal branches are removed, pruning is carried out after picking, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied once after pruning, and water is poured once: each plant is 0.1 kg, flowers are harvested 4 times a year, ridging and weeding are performed, 3 times of ridging and weeding are performed every year for honeysuckle planting, the 1 st time is performed when new leaves emerge, the second time is performed before the second flowering phase, the last time is performed before frost freezing in the late autumn and the early winter, the first time is far and the second time is near, and topdressing is performed: applying human and animal manure, plant ash, urea and potassium sulfate fertilizer in the plant development and shaping period within 1-2 years after the honeysuckle is planted, applying animal manure, stable manure, cake fertilizer and calcium superphosphate fertilizer in spring and early of each year after 2-3 years of planting, and applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer after the first crop of flowers are harvested;
(3) the method for planting the pasture in the paddy field comprises the following steps: planting Taiwan sweet elephant grass and Guimu No. 1 in low-lying paddy fields:
the planting method of Taiwan sweet grassiness in northwest Hunan province comprises the following steps:
A. land preparation and base fertilizer application: after the water is changed into the dry land, ridges with the height of 30 cm and the width of 50 cm are formed, holes with the depth of 30 cm are dug, the hole distance is 70-90 cm, decomposed base fertilizer is applied to the holes, 10000-;
B. transplanting: transplanting seedlings with roots before rainfall;
C. field management and harvesting: carrying out intertillage weeding for 2 times before the plants are sealed on ridges, carrying out first intertillage weeding, after planting for 1 month, weeding and loosening the soil in sunny days or cloudy days, and applying 8-10 g of urea to each plant; the second weeding is carried out 2 and a half months after the planting, 30 g of ammonium bicarbonate or urea is applied to each plant, the ridging is carried out around the plant roots, intertillage weeding is carried out in time after each plant is harvested, and after each cutting, the additional application of nitrogen fertilizer is 225 kg/ha, or the additional application of decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer is 15000-;
the planting method of Guimu No. 1 in northwest of Hunan province comprises the following steps:
A. land preparation and base fertilizer application: after the water is changed into the dry land, ridges with the height of 30 cm and the width of 50 cm are formed, holes with the depth of 30 cm are dug, the distance between the holes is 70-90 cm, thoroughly decomposed base fertilizer is applied to the holes, 10000-;
B. transplanting: transplanting seedlings with roots before rainfall;
C. field management and harvesting: carrying out intertillage weeding for 2 times before the plants are sealed on ridges, carrying out first intertillage weeding, after planting for 1 month, weeding and loosening the soil in sunny days or cloudy days, and applying 8-10 g of urea to each plant; the second weeding is carried out 2 and a half months after the planting, 30 g of ammonium bicarbonate or urea is applied to each plant, the ridging is carried out around the plant roots, intertillage weeding is carried out after each plant is harvested, and after each cutting, 150 and 225 kg of nitrogen fertilizer or 22500 kg of decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer or 15000 and 22500 kg of decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer are applied to each hectare;
the base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, the organic fertilizer comprises decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure, pig manure and compost prepared by crop straws;
the compound fertilizer is a nitro compound fertilizer.
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