CN108157069B - High and cold mountain area slope is greater than 15°Method for planting pasture on sunny side of sloping field - Google Patents
High and cold mountain area slope is greater than 15°Method for planting pasture on sunny side of sloping field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for planting pasture on the sunny side of a sloping field with a slope larger than 15 degrees in a high and cold mountain area with an elevation of 2000-2500 m in the southeast of Yunnan province of China adopts a rotation land for pasture planting, the rotation land selects the slope of the sunny side, the slope is larger than 15 degrees, and pasture planting is carried out after previous crops are harvested; the pasture planting adopts 9-11% of annual ryegrass seeds, 18-22% of perennial ryegrass seeds, 9-11% of hybrid ryegrass seeds, 28-32% of cocksfoot seeds and 28-32% of white clover seeds to be mixed sowed with base fertilizer, and pasture can be grazed after the pasture grows to a grass layer height of more than 5 cm; when the forage grass is excessive, the forage grass is cut and then aired into green hay or made into silage, and the height of the stubble is 5 cm when the forage grass is cut. The invention provides a forage grass planting method in alpine mountainous areas, which is suitable for being implemented in southeast of Yunnan province of China, has fast forage grass breeding, good growth and obvious ecological restoration effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pasture planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting pasture on the sunny side of a sloping field with a slope of more than 15 degrees in a high and cold mountain area.
Background
In the sea level area with the grain size of more than 2000-2500 meters in the southeast part of Yunnan province of China, the climate is cold, the temperature is low, the soil humidity is high, the annual precipitation is low, the rain is heavy in summer, and the drought is heavy in winter. Most natural grasslands are all barren lands, poor lands, alternate cultivation and wide seed harvest, grassland plants mainly comprise artemisias and ferns with low economic value, and grassland vegetation coverage is low. In recent years, due to excessive grazing and unreasonable development and utilization, natural grassland is seriously degraded, grassland resources are seriously damaged, large-area stony desertification occurs, ecology is continuously worsened, livestock forage is seriously lacked for herdsmen, and the contradiction between grassland and livestock is increasingly prominent. To solve the contradiction between ecological degeneration and poor herdsman in alpine regions, the most effective method is to carry out ecological restoration by planting pasture. However, the pasture planting is greatly influenced by the sea level, the air temperature, the soil, the precipitation and the like, the planting mode is unscientific, and the variety of the pasture used is unreasonable, so that the growth and ecological restoration effects of the pasture can be influenced to a great extent. Because the precedent and experience of planting the pasture grass in large area are not existed in the alpine mountain area of the southeast part of Yunnan province, but the existing planting method and pasture grass variety test planting in the northern part of China are directly adopted, the inadaptability is generated, and the ideal effect is not obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for planting pasture in alpine mountain areas, which is suitable for being implemented in southeast of Yunnan province in China, has the advantages of fast pasture breeding, good growth and obvious ecological restoration effect.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for planting pasture on the sunny side of a sloping field with a slope larger than 15 degrees in a cold highland area is characterized in that pasture is planted in a wheel-lying place in the cold highland area with an altitude of 2000-2500 m in the southeast of Yunnan province of China, the slope of the sunny side of the wheel-lying place is selected, the slope is larger than 15 degrees, and pasture planting is carried out after previous crops are harvested, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) ground arrangement of the seedbed: according to the remaining moisture of the planted previous crops, only the surface of the seedbed is treated, rotary tillage is carried out for 9-11 cm, the residual roots of the previous crops are removed, and the seeding bed is harrowed flat;
(2) preparing for sowing; preparing a base fertilizer by using 4.5-5.5 kg/mu of urea as an application standard; preparing mixed sowing seeds according to the sowing quantity of the seeds of 2.4-2.6 kg/mu; the mixed sowing proportion of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: 9-11% of annual ryegrass seeds, 18-22% of perennial ryegrass seeds, 9-11% of hybrid ryegrass seeds, 28-32% of orchard grass seeds and 28-32% of white clover seeds;
wherein, the trifolium repens seeds are processed by rhizobium inoculation coating before sowing, and the processing procedure is as follows: dissolving carboxymethyl cellulose in warm water to prepare a colloidal solution, cooling to room temperature, pouring rhizobia into the colloidal solution, uniformly stirring, pouring trifoliate repens seeds into the colloidal solution, uniformly stirring to enable each seed to be fully adhered with the rhizobia, then pouring calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer into the colloidal solution, uniformly coating a layer of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on each seed fully adhered with the rhizobia, and drying in the shade and in a ventilated place;
(3) sowing, covering soil and compacting: arranging the sowing rows with the row spacing of 14-16 cm and the sowing row depth of 9-11 cm, and sowing the five mixed-sowing grass seeds with the base fertilizer at the same time; or the base fertilizer is used for sequentially sowing five seeds, and the sowing sequence of the five seeds is selected randomly; covering seeds with thin soil and treading to be solid after sowing;
(4) seedling stage management: after seedling emergence, when three true leaves of annual ryegrass appear, combining the specified density and plant spacing to carry out first thinning, and final thinning, namely when the last thinning is not later than 6 leaves of the white clover; timely reseeding is carried out on the places with the seedling shortage rate exceeding 10%;
(5) topdressing: topdressing is carried out when the pasture grows to 3-4 leaves;
(6) grassland utilization: grazing the pasture when the height of the pasture layer exceeds 5 cm; when the forage grass is excessive, the forage grass is cut and then aired into green hay or made into silage, and the height of the stubble is 5 cm when the forage grass is cut.
And (4) utilizing the grassland in the step (6), and performing topdressing on the grassland after each utilization.
The pasture planting method of the invention also needs to control the biological disasters of the grassland, and the control method is to artificially remove the toxic and harmful weeds; for mild insect pests, cutting or grazing removal is adopted; low toxic medicine is applied to prevent and treat serious insect pests and diseases.
The annual ryegrass is binded, perennial ryegrass is Maydi, hybrid ryegrass is hacker, Daratha grass is Denatta, and Trifolium pratense is Rescandens.
Annual ryegrass has fast seedling emergence and growth, can quickly form a lawn to cover the ground surface, reduce water evaporation and shade weed growth. Perennial ryegrass has strong tillering capacity, high growth speed, quick covering and forming, can produce fresh grass in early winter and early spring, can reach the most prosperous period after beginning to spring, is difficult to invade weeds, has high nutritive value and better palatability, and is favored by livestock. The hybrid ryegrass is formed by hybridizing perennial ryegrass and annual ryegrass, has annual and perennial characteristics, can complement short plates of annual and perennial growth vigor in different seasons, has high rust and powdery mildew resistance, balanced yield and good grass quality. The orchard grass has strong adaptability, low requirements on physical and chemical properties of soil, barren resistance, waterlogging resistance, acid and alkali resistance, high yield, high nutritional value, strong disease resistance, easy cultivation and easy management, and can effectively adjust the biological yield dynamic balance of the artificial grassland. The white clover is mown leguminous pasture with strong heat resistance and cold resistance, and is an indispensable protein source for nutrition balance of artificial grassland communities.
According to the invention, through long-term monitoring and analysis of geographical and climatic conditions of a alpine mountain area with the altitude of 2000-2500 m in the southeast of Yunnan province, according to the slope, illumination and soil conditions of a built land, annual ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, hybrid ryegrass, dactylicao and trifolium pratense which have different biological characteristics and botanical characteristics and are complementary but not antagonistic are scientifically and reasonably combined and mixed sowed, and the sunny slope ground with the angle of more than 15 degrees is selected for alternate sowing, so that the condition suitable for mixed-crossing growth of pasture is created, the advantage complementation of various pastures is realized, an artificial grassland community effectively resists the severe conditions of cold and humid in winter and dry and hot rain in summer in the alpine mountain area, and a mowing artificial grassland with evergreen and high quality and luxuriant is successfully planted in the alpine and barren area, the lawn is fast in lawn formation, the yield is high, the vegetation coverage rate is high, and sufficient pasture is provided for local herdsists, the forage grass is basically balanced and stable in feeding all the year round, and has strong capability of resisting abnormal weather conditions and plant diseases and insect pests. Meanwhile, the ecology is restored, and very remarkable planting and ecological restoration effects are achieved. Solves the technical problems of high grass planting cost, low survival rate and poor ecological restoration effect in the same area for years.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for planting pasture on the sunny side of a sloping field with the gradient larger than 15 degrees in a cold highland area adopts a rotation land after planting grains to plant artificial pasture in the cold highland area with the altitude of 2000-2500 m in the Kaiyuan city area of the red river of Yunnan province of China. The selected ground is sunny with a slope greater than 15 deg.. The method comprises the following steps of (1) planting the grass after harvesting buckwheat (usually 5-6 months per year) by using a previous crop species of buckwheat, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) ground arrangement of the seedbed: because the previous crops of the land for planting are buckwheat, the reserved soil moisture, the peripheral boundary and the soil moisture content are better, the land surface is only needed to be treated by a seedbed when the land is prepared, the specific method is to fully carry out rotary tillage on the land surface of the land to be sowed by a rotary cultivator, the tillage depth is 9-11 cm, the residual roots of the previous crops are removed, and the land is raked up for sowing.
(2) Preparing for sowing; preparing a base fertilizer by using 5 kg/mu of urea as an application standard; preparing mixed sowing seeds according to the sowing quantity of the seeds of 2.6 kg/mu; the mixed sowing proportion of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: 10% of annual ryegrass seeds, 20% of perennial ryegrass seeds, 10% of hybrid ryegrass seeds, 30% of cocksfoot seeds and 30% of white clover seeds; the dosage of annual ryegrass is not suitable to be increased, otherwise the growth of perennial mixed-sowing pasture is influenced. The annual ryegrass seed is fast to establish, strong in disease resistance and outstanding in soil improvement effect, the perennial ryegrass seed is used for tetraploid medium-maturing variety maidi (Mathilde), the hybrid ryegrass seed is used for hacker (Hykor) with strong drought resistance, high yield and strong durability, the orchard grass seed is used for late-maturing type danta (Donata), the white clover seed is used for medium-large leaf type variety Leersing (Riesling);
wherein, the trifolium repens seeds are processed by rhizobium inoculation coating before sowing, and the processing procedure is as follows: dissolving carboxymethyl cellulose in warm water to prepare a colloidal solution, cooling to room temperature, pouring rhizobia into the colloidal solution, uniformly stirring, pouring trifoliate repens seeds into the colloidal solution, uniformly stirring to enable each seed to be fully adhered with the rhizobia, then pouring calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer into the colloidal solution, uniformly coating a layer of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on each seed fully adhered with the rhizobia, and drying in the shade and in a ventilated place for later use. The inoculation of the legume with rhizobia not only helps the growth of the legume but also the growth of perennial ryegrass.
(3) Sowing, covering soil and compacting: arranging sowing rows at a row spacing of 14-16 cm and a sowing depth of 9-11 cm, sowing the five mixed-sowing grass seeds with the base fertilizer at the same time, and after sowing, covering the seeds with thin soil and treading the seeds tightly.
(4) Seedling stage management: after seedling emergence, when three true leaves of annual ryegrass appear, combining the specified density and plant spacing to carry out first thinning, and final thinning, namely when the last thinning is not later than 6 leaves of the white clover; and (5) timely reseeding the seedlings in the places with the seedling shortage rate of more than 10%.
(5) Topdressing: topdressing is carried out when the pasture grows to 3-4 leaves; urea or other fertilizers may be used.
(6) Grassland utilization: grazing the pasture when the height of the pasture layer exceeds 5 cm; when the forage grass is excessive, the forage grass is cut and then aired into green hay or made into silage, and the height of the stubble is 5 cm when the forage grass is cut. After each use, the grassland is topdressed. Can apply nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, boron fertilizer and the like according to the grassland condition.
In the process of establishing a grassland, the method of the invention is to control the grassland biological disasters, and the control method is to adopt artificial weeding to poisonous and harmful weeds; for mild insect pests, cutting or grazing removal is adopted; low toxic medicine is applied to prevent and treat serious insect pests and diseases.
The seeds of annual ryegrass bunde, perennial ryegrass medil, hybrid ryegrass hacker, dactylena dactylata and trilobate rehmanning can be purchased in the market and can be bred by self.
Example 2
A method for planting pasture on the sunny side of a sloping field with the gradient larger than 15 degrees in a cold highland area adopts a rotation land after planting grains to plant artificial pasture in the cold highland area with the altitude of 2000-2500 m in the Kaiyuan city area of the red river of Yunnan province of China. The selected ground is sunny with a slope greater than 15 deg.. The method comprises the following steps of (1) planting the grass after harvesting buckwheat (usually 5-6 months per year) by using a previous crop species of buckwheat, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) ground arrangement of the seedbed: because the previous crops of the land for planting are buckwheat, the reserved soil moisture, the peripheral boundary and the soil moisture content are better, the land surface is only needed to be treated by a seedbed when the land is prepared, the specific method is to fully carry out rotary tillage on the land surface of the land to be sowed by a rotary cultivator, the tillage depth is 9-11 cm, the residual roots of the previous crops are removed, and the land is raked up for sowing.
(2) Preparing for sowing; preparing base fertilizer by using 4.5 kg/mu urea as application standard; preparing mixed sowing seeds according to the sowing quantity of the seeds of 2.5 kg/mu; the mixed sowing proportion of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: 9% of annual ryegrass seeds, 22% of perennial ryegrass seeds, 9% of hybrid ryegrass seeds, 32% of orchard grass seeds and 28% of white clover seeds. Bunge for annual ryegrass seed, Maydi for perennial ryegrass seed, hacker for hybrid ryegrass seed, Denatta for cocksfoot seed, and Riesling for Trifolium repens seed. Wherein, the trifolium repens seeds are processed by rhizobium inoculation and coating before sowing.
(3) Sowing, covering soil and compacting: sorting out sowing rows with a row spacing of 14-16 cm and a sowing depth of 9-11 cm, sowing five seeds in sequence with a base fertilizer, and randomly selecting the sowing sequence of the five seeds; after sowing, the sower uses feet to pull thin soil to cover the seeds and treads the seeds tightly.
(4) Seedling stage management: after seedling emergence, when three true leaves of annual ryegrass appear, combining the specified density and plant spacing to carry out first thinning, and final thinning, namely when the last thinning is not later than 6 leaves of the white clover; and (5) timely reseeding the seedlings in the places with the seedling shortage rate of more than 10%.
(5) Topdressing: topdressing is carried out when the pasture grows to 3-4 leaves; urea or other fertilizers may be used.
(6) Grassland utilization: grazing the pasture when the height of the pasture layer exceeds 5 cm; when the forage grass is excessive, the forage grass is cut and then aired into green hay or made into silage, and the height of the stubble is 5 cm when the forage grass is cut. After each use, the grassland is topdressed. Can apply nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, boron fertilizer and the like according to the grassland condition.
Example 3
The method is the same as the example 1, except that the seeding preparation in the step (2) is slightly different, specifically, 5.5 kg/mu urea is used as the application standard to prepare the base fertilizer; preparing mixed sowing seeds according to the sowing quantity of the seeds of 2.4 kg/mu; the mixed sowing proportion of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: 11% of annual ryegrass seeds, 18% of perennial ryegrass seeds, 11% of hybrid ryegrass seeds, 28% of cocksfoot seeds and 32% of white clover seeds; the dosage of annual ryegrass is not suitable to be increased, otherwise the growth of perennial mixed-sowing pasture is influenced. Annual ryegrass seeds are planted by using a fast-growing and strong-disease-resistant bund with outstanding soil improvement effect, perennial ryegrass seeds are planted by using a tetraploid medium-maturing variety of maidi, hybrid ryegrass seeds are used by using a hacker with strong drought resistance, high yield and strong durability, orchard grass seeds are used by using a late-maturing type of danta, and white clover seeds are used by using a medium-large leaf type of variety of reqiling. The trifolium repens seeds are processed by rhizobium inoculation and coating before sowing.
Example 4
The method is the same as the example 2, but the seeding preparation in the step (2) is slightly different, specifically, 5 kg/mu urea is used as the application standard to prepare the base fertilizer; preparing mixed sowing seeds according to the sowing quantity of the seeds of 2.5 kg/mu; the mixed sowing proportion of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: 10% of annual ryegrass seeds, 21% of perennial ryegrass seeds, 11% of hybrid ryegrass seeds, 29% of orchard grass seeds and 29% of white clover seeds; the dosage of annual ryegrass is not suitable to be increased, otherwise the growth of perennial mixed-sowing pasture is influenced. Annual ryegrass seeds are planted by using a fast-growing and strong-disease-resistant bund with outstanding soil improvement effect, perennial ryegrass seeds are planted by using a tetraploid medium-maturing variety of maidi, hybrid ryegrass seeds are used by using a hacker with strong drought resistance, high yield and strong durability, orchard grass seeds are used by using a late-maturing type of danta, and white clover seeds are used by using a medium-large leaf type of variety of reqiling. The trifolium repens seeds are processed by rhizobium inoculation and coating before sowing.
The method is particularly suitable for planting the artificial grassland in the alpine mountain area or the similar climate zone area with the altitude of 2000-2500 m in the southeast of Yunnan province.
Claims (4)
1. A method for planting pasture grass on the sunny side of a sloping field with the gradient larger than 15 degrees in a high and cold mountain area with the elevation of 2000-2500 m in the southeast of Yunnan province of China is characterized in that pasture grass is planted in a place where the sloping field on the sunny side is selected in a place where the pasture grass is planted in a place where the sloping field is located in a place where the pasture grass is located, the gradient is larger than 15 degrees, and the pasture grass planting is carried out after previous crops are harvested, and the method is concretely as follows:
(1) ground arrangement of the seedbed: according to the remaining moisture of the planted previous crops, only the surface of the seedbed is treated, rotary tillage is carried out for 9-11 cm, the residual roots of the previous crops are removed, and the seeding bed is harrowed flat;
(2) preparing for sowing; preparing a base fertilizer by using 4.5-5.5 kg/mu of urea as an application standard; preparing mixed sowing seeds according to the sowing quantity of the seeds of 2.4-2.6 kg/mu; the mixed sowing proportion of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: 9-11% of annual ryegrass seeds, 18-22% of perennial ryegrass seeds, 9-11% of hybrid ryegrass seeds, 28-32% of orchard grass seeds and 28-32% of white clover seeds;
wherein, the trifolium repens seeds are processed by rhizobium inoculation coating before sowing, and the processing procedure is as follows: dissolving carboxymethyl cellulose in warm water to prepare a colloidal solution, cooling to room temperature, pouring rhizobia into the colloidal solution, uniformly stirring, pouring trifoliate repens seeds into the colloidal solution, uniformly stirring to enable each seed to be fully adhered with the rhizobia, then pouring calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer into the colloidal solution, uniformly coating a layer of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on each seed fully adhered with the rhizobia, and drying in the shade and in a ventilated place;
(3) sowing, covering soil and compacting: arranging the sowing rows with the row spacing of 14-16 cm and the sowing row depth of 9-11 cm, and sowing the five mixed-sowing grass seeds with the base fertilizer at the same time; or the base fertilizer is used for sequentially sowing five seeds, and the sowing sequence of the five seeds is selected randomly; covering seeds with thin soil and treading to be solid after sowing;
(4) seedling stage management: after seedling emergence, when three true leaves of annual ryegrass appear, combining the specified density and plant spacing to carry out first thinning, and final thinning, namely when the last thinning is not later than 6 leaves of the white clover; timely reseeding is carried out on the places with the seedling shortage rate exceeding 10%;
(5) topdressing: topdressing is carried out when the pasture grows to 3-4 leaves;
(6) grassland utilization: grazing the pasture when the height of the pasture layer exceeds 5 cm; when the forage grass is excessive, the forage grass is cut and then aired into green hay or made into silage, and the height of the stubble is 5 cm when the forage grass is cut.
2. The method for planting the pasture grass on the sunny side of the sloping field with the slope of more than 15 degrees in the alpine mountain area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grassland in the step (6) is utilized and topdressing is carried out on the grassland after each utilization.
3. The method for planting the pasture grass on the sunny side of the sloping field with the slope larger than 15 degrees in the alpine mountain area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control method for the biological disasters of the grassland is to manually remove the toxic and harmful weeds; for mild insect pests, cutting or grazing removal is adopted; low toxic medicine is applied to prevent and treat serious insect pests and diseases.
4. The method for planting pasture grass on the sunny side of sloping fields with a slope of more than 15 degrees in alpine mountainous areas as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the annual ryegrass variety is Bunde, perennial ryegrass variety is Matdy, hybrid ryegrass variety is hacker, Daratha variety is Denatta, and Trifolium repens variety is Redselin.
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| CN109804862B (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2021-05-25 | 兰州大学 | Method for planting and managing grass-white clover field |
| CN110574522A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2019-12-17 | 云南省草地动物科学研究院 | Rhizobium pratense inoculation planting method |
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