CN113575322A - Efficient cultivation mode of waxy corn, winter rape, garlic and waxy corn - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency cultivation mode of waxy corn, winter rape, garlic and waxy corn, wherein the first crop of waxy corn is harvested in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, and after urea is applied by a topdressing gun in the planting ditch of an in-situ film in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, winter rape is sown without uncovering the film and ploughing; or, seeding purple garlic on a large ridge of the mulching film in the middle 10 th of the month, seeding waxy corns in the seeding ditch in the middle 4 th of the next year, sealing the ridge of the purple garlic on the large ridge, marketing garlic bolts in the middle 5 th of the month, and harvesting the purple garlic when the waxy corns enter the jointing stage in the early 6 months. The invention makes full use of limited photo-thermal resources and precipitation resources in loess plateau areas, changes one-year-one-harvest into two-year-three-harvest, spreads mulching film once for two years, and plants three crops, thereby not only reducing the labor intensity of mulching film mulching and the amount of mulching film, reducing the production cost, but also achieving the purpose of crop rotation and stubble rotation, improving the land productivity and obtaining obvious economic, ecological and social benefits.

Description

Efficient cultivation mode of waxy corn, winter rape, garlic and waxy corn

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a high-efficiency cultivation mode of waxy corn, winter rape, garlic and waxy corn.

Background

At present, the demand of the domestic market for fresh waxy corn is on a trend of increasing year by year, the domestic demand is predicted to reach 60-70 ten thousand tons in the next decade, and the market space is very large. In addition, demand for fresh corn is increasing abroad. Only japan imports 5 million tons of fresh corn each year. Therefore, the development prospect of the fresh corn industry in China is wide.

With the increase of the demonstration planting area of waxy corn varieties year by year, a large number of fresh sticks are matured and come into the market at the same time, so that the market of the waxy corn fresh sticks is saturated, the price is reduced, and the benefits of farmers are damaged. The overstocked fresh sticks exceed 24 hours, and the nutrition quality is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to sow waxy corn in a proper growing period and in stages to prolong the time of marketing waxy corn and solve the problem of short-term overstock of raw materials for processing enterprises.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a high-efficiency cultivation mode of waxy corn, winter rape, garlic and waxy corn, which passes through agricultural comprehensive high-yield measures such as mulching film mulching, crop rotation and stubble rotation, less and no tillage, dual purposes of one film, combination of use and cultivation, grain and oil consideration and the like, greatly promotes the healthy development of agricultural production, improves the land utilization rate and increases the income of farmers.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

the method is characterized in that a waxy corn-winter rape/garlic-waxy corn high-efficiency cultivation mode is adopted, the first crop of waxy corn is harvested in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, and after urea is applied by a topdressing gun in the planting ditch of an in-situ film in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, winter rape is sowed without uncovering the film and ploughing;

or, seeding purple garlic on a large ridge of the mulching film in the middle 10 th of the month, seeding waxy corns in the seeding ditch in the middle 4 th of the next year, sealing the ridge of the purple garlic on the large ridge, marketing garlic bolts in the middle 5 th of the month, and harvesting the purple garlic when the waxy corns enter the jointing stage in the early 6 months.

Furthermore, the winter rape variety Qin you No. 7 is selected in the waxy corn-winter rape crop rotation, when the third crop of waxy corn is planted, the waxy corn of the fresh stick is harvested and is directly sown stage by stage after the winter rape is harvested, so as to prolong the time of the fresh stick to market; the waxy corns for harvesting seeds are grown in a nutrition pot in the last 4 th ten days, and the winter rape is transplanted and fixed after being harvested.

Further, the efficient cultivation mode of interplanting the waxy corns and the purple garlic is to coat a film in the late middle ten days of October in autumn, sow garlic on a large ridge of the mulching film, dibble seeding the waxy corns in furrows in 4 middle ten days of the next year, harvesting garlic shoots in the early 5 months, harvesting garlic bulbs in the last 6 days of the month, dibbling the corns or raising seedlings in nutrition pots, transplanting and planting.

According to the scheme, limited photothermal resources and precipitation resources in the loess plateau area are fully utilized, one-year-one-harvest is changed into two-year-three-harvest, the mulching film is paved once and used for two years, three crops are planted, the labor intensity of mulching film mulching and the amount of the mulching film are reduced, the production cost is reduced, the purpose of crop rotation and stubble rotation is achieved, the land productivity is improved, and obvious economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits are obtained.

Detailed Description

In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The efficient cultivation mode of waxy corn-winter rape/garlic-waxy corn is characterized in that the first crop of waxy corn is harvested in the middle and late 8 months, and after urea is applied by a topdressing gun in the planting ditch of the original mulching film in the middle and late 9 months, the winter rape is sowed without uncovering the mulching film and ploughing, so that the time is saved, and the operation is easy. After the waxy corns are harvested, farmers have enough time to clear the straws of the previous crops, apply fertilizer and the like, and the time is enough. Or, seeding purple garlic on a large ridge of the mulching film in the middle 10 th of the month, seeding waxy corns in the seeding ditch in the middle 4 th of the next year, sealing the ridge of the purple garlic on the large ridge, marketing garlic bolts in the middle 5 th of the month, and harvesting the purple garlic when the waxy corns enter the jointing stage in the early 6 months. At the moment, although the mulching film is damaged when the garlic is harvested, the waxy corns enter a rapid growth period and are completely sealed, and precipitation is increased in the period, so that the influence on the growth of the waxy corns is not large.

In the embodiment, the Qin you No. 7 winter rape variety selected in the waxy corn-winter rape crop rotation is a double-low hybrid, and the content of erucic acid is 0.26-0.56%, the content of glucosinolate is 25.11-29.59 mu mol/g, and the oil content is 40.69-43.22%, which are determined by oil crop research institute in agriculture department, and belong to double-low high oil type variety. The damage to the mulching film covered during the harvest of the winter rape is small, and the waxy corn can be planted again. When the third crop of waxy corns is planted, the waxy corns harvested with the fresh sticks are directly sowed in stages after the winter rapes are harvested, so that the time of the fresh sticks to the market is prolonged; the waxy corns for harvesting seeds are grown in a nutrition pot in the last 4 th ten days, and the winter rape is transplanted and fixed after being harvested. The rotation production has higher economic benefit than the traditional corn cultivation mode, drives the large-area planting of the local hybrid winter rape, and obtains one more winter rape in the planting period of the sweet and waxy corns in two seasons, so that the limited photothermal resources and precipitation resources in the loess plateau area are fully utilized. Meanwhile, the winter rape and the corn are important field crops, the fallen flowers, the fallen leaves, the straws and the stubble return to the soil, so that the rich organic matters and N, P, K and other nutrient substances are provided for the soil, and meanwhile, the glucosinolates contained in the winter rape byproducts can be converted into thiocyanate in the soil, so that the natural soil fumigant can greatly reduce the pest and disease damage degree of the later crops. The two-year triple-cropping efficient cultivation mode not only reduces the labor intensity of mulching film mulching and the amount of mulching film, reduces the production cost, but also achieves the purpose of crop rotation and stubble rotation, and improves the land productivity.

In the embodiment, the efficient cultivation mode of interplanting waxy corns and purple garlic is to coat a film in autumn in the middle and late ten days of October, sow garlic on a large ridge of a mulching film, sow waxy corns in furrows in the middle and late 4 months of the next year, harvest young garlic shoots in the early 5 months, and harvest garlic bulbs in the upper 6 months. The mode has the annual growth benefit of 3900 yuan compared with a planting system which is mature one year, and is a new efficient cultivation mode.

Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) whole-film double-furrow cultivation technical specification for waxy corn

Land preparation and fertilization: the base fertilizer mainly comprises organic fertilizers, the chemical fertilizer is auxiliary, the organic fertilizers are about 10000 kg/mu, and the chemical fertilizer is a phosphate fertilizer (P)₂O₅)5-8 kg per mu, and 10-15kg per mu of N fertilizer are mixed and planted, shallow ploughing is carried out, and land leveling is carried out on the soil blocks for later use.

Film covering time: the method is divided into two periods of autumn mulching (from the late autumn farmland to the front of the earth surface frozen) and top-slush mulching (from the late spring to the period of the frightened earth surface daytime and night frozen) to facilitate the preservation of soil moisture and fertility and maximally preserve soil moisture, but the mulching film has long retention time in the field, and the management in winter needs to be enhanced, and the mulching film can be covered by straws in areas with rich straws to protect the mulching film.

Ditching while the soil is still wet, and tightly laminating: the width of each ridge is 110 cm, each ridge is divided into two large ridges and two small ridges, each large ridge is 70cm, each small ridge is 40cm, and a row marker (the tooth pitch of the large row is 70cm, the tooth pitch of the small row is 40 cm) made of wood or steel bars is used for marking one ridge at a time. When the ridge is scribed, firstly, a side line is scribed at a position 35 cm away from the edge of the field, then the field is completely scribed and ridged along the side line according to the sequence of a small ridge and a large ridge, and the ridge height is 10-15 cm. Two sowing trenches are arranged on a small ridge of 40cm, the trench depth is 15cm, and then a mulching film is covered on the whole ground. One film and one ridge, wherein an ultrathin film with the width of 140cm and the thickness of 0.005mm is selected, the film needs to be pressed and spread, and a soil belt is transversely pressed every 3m or so to prevent the mulching film from being uncovered by wind. And (3) digging seepage holes with the diameter of 3mm at the position of every 33 cm in the middle of the furrow when the mulching film is tightly attached to the ground after covering the mulching film for about one week so as to enable the collected rain of the furrow to infiltrate. After the mulching film is covered in the field, the livestock is strictly forbidden to trample into the ground to cause the damage of the mulching film. The film is often inspected line by line along the furrows, and once the damage is found, the film is covered tightly by fine soil in time to prevent the film from being uncovered by strong wind. The key of the full-film double-furrow planting technology is as follows: ridging a little, ditching deeply, laminating completely and reserving water holes.

Soil disinfection: the soil block with serious underground pest damage is formed, 0.5kg of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate is added with 30 kg of fine sandy soil per mu after ridging, and the mixture is mixed into toxic soil for broadcasting or is mixed with 50kg of water for spraying. In order to prevent weed harm, 100 g of 50% acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate is mixed with 50kg of water and sprayed on the whole ground after ridging, and a film is covered in time after one ridge is sprayed.

Timely sowing: when the temperature is stable and passes 10 ℃, the corn is suitable for sowing, and sowing time can be determined in various places by combining local climate characteristics, generally in the middle and last ten days of 4 months. Seeds are sowed in the water seepage holes punched in the last year by a dibbler, soil is covered in time, and the sowing holes are compacted. Waxy corns harvested as seeds can be sowed in a centralized way to shorten the harvesting time, waxy corns or sweet corns harvested as fresh sticks are sowed in stages, generally, the waxy corns are sowed once every 10 days, the harvesting and supplying time of the waxy corns is prolonged as much as possible, and the economic loss caused by difficulty in sale or processing due to centralized harvesting is prevented.

Isolation planting: waxy corn is controlled by a single recessive gene, the purity of the waxy corn needs to be controlled in the production process, the flavor and the quality of the waxy corn are seriously influenced once the waxy corn is polluted by other pollen, and the waxy corn is planted in a centralized and continuous way. There are two isolated planting methods: spatial isolation and temporal isolation are used. Space isolation generally requires that more than 300m of corn is not planted in other types, so that pollen outside an isolation area cannot invade, and the isolation method is safest. The time isolation is to advance or delay the sowing time of the corns in the isolation area so as to stagger the sowing time of the corns outside the isolation area.

Planting density: generally, 3800-4000 seedlings per mu are preferable, and single seedlings are preferable. It is best to sow in the perforated holes, after sowing, the hole mouth is compacted by the empty soil to prevent the mulching film from shifting or wind uncovering.

Thinning and final singling: on the basis of controlling weeds and preventing and controlling pests in a seedling stage, hardening-prevention full seedlings are needed to be made, put seedlings in time and carry out thinning and final singling. The waxy corn is grown to 4-leaf stage seedling, the seedling is fixed at 6-leaf stage, one strain is reserved in each hole during the seedling fixing, and the film hole is sealed once during the seedling fixing. When the seedlings are sowed to the emergence stage, the film holes are easy to form plate caking to influence the emergence of the seedlings, and the hardened parts are patted by a small shovel in time to play the dual roles of preserving the soil moisture and helping the seedlings to emerge. After emergence, if the membrane is empty and dislocated, the seedling is guided out of the hole and sealed.

And (3) pest control: the control condition of soil insects is monitored after the corn seedlings emerge, and under the condition that the soil insects are confirmed to be controlled, because the seedling stage of the corn is drought-enduring, the squat seedling stage with lower soil moisture content in a certain period of time is beneficial to the formation of economic yield, so that water supply does not need to be supplemented in the seedling stage of the corn generally.

The pests in seedling stage mainly comprise black cutworms and mole crickets, and the seed coating agent special for 18 percent of gram and fortune or 20 percent of fortune and willow maize can be selected for seed dressing. And (4) removing yellow and white seedlings and diseased and weak seedlings in combination with final singling, and reserving the seedlings with the same sizes. And (4) carrying out intertillage weeding at proper time, and properly hilling by combining with the intertillage weeding. The waxy corn is easier to tillere than common corn, and tillering needs to be removed in time so as to avoid that the tillering consumes water and nutrients and influences the ventilation and light transmission in the field. And because the sweet waxy corn has unique flavor, the sweet waxy corn is very easy to be damaged by pests such as scarab beetle and the like during the pollination silking period, and the sweet waxy corn needs to be regularly removed to the field for manual catching every day. At this time, the insecticide cannot be used.

And (3) complementing additional fertilizer: topdressing from joint-pulling to horn mouth period. In the period, the corn is particularly sensitive to the reaction of water and fertilizer, the topdressing time is determined according to the soil moisture condition, and the topdressing is needed to ensure the high yield of the waxy corn and is timely supplemented in combination with the final singling in the six-leaf stage. Generally, 15-20 kg of urea is applied per mu. The top dressing method is to use a corn dibbler or a top dressing gun to punch and fertilize from the middle of two plants, or to dissolve the fertilizer in 150-200 kg of water and to punch and irrigate about 50ml of the fertilizer between the two plants by a pot. After the corn is sowed in the full-film double-ridge furrow, the water and fertilizer heat condition is good, the double-spike rate is high, the third spike often appears, and the third spike is broken off as early as possible, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced. The period is the peak period of water and fertilizer demand of the corn and the peak period of plant diseases and insect pests, and the water and fertilizer management is particularly important while the weeding and disease prevention monitoring and the prevention of aphids and armyworms are important.

Management during the period from emasculation to maturity: the management from the period from the male extraction to the maturity is the later period management, the premature senility is prevented, and the grain weight is the key point of the management work at the stage. In normal years, drought does not occur in this stage, and insect pest control and weed elimination are often taken as the key points of field management. The granulation fertilizer should be applied in time, and 5kg of urea should be applied to each mu.

Timely harvesting: timely harvest is a key link for ensuring the quality of commodities. Most sweet and waxy corn varieties are mature in live stalks, harvested seeds are harvested in a waxy stage by using corn, and the harvested seeds are immediately harvested after corn bracts are dried. The corn is generally premature by about 30 days compared with the common corn.

The suitable harvest time of the fresh sticks is judged according to the characteristics of the varieties, planting areas, purposes and the current climate characteristics. The taste of waxy corn is changed along with the growth process of grains. Early harvest, excessive water content of the seeds, too little dry matter, light taste, bad taste, low yield and unsuitable storage. After late harvest, sugar in the grains is converted into starch, the seed coats are thickened, the taste is not good, and the flavor is reduced. The most suitable harvesting period of the fresh waxy corn sticks is determined according to the days after pollination, the water content and the sugar content of seeds, the flavor and the taste are combined, the harvesting period is about 23-25 days after pollination, the water content is about 62%, the waxy and fragrant corn stick is eaten, and the flavor and the taste are optimal. The fresh ear of waxy corn is difficult to keep fresh, the quality of the fresh ear of waxy corn is easy to change with time after the picking, the fresh ear of waxy corn should appear on the market and be processed as soon as possible after the picking, and the picking and the processing must be finished within 10 hours.

In order to ensure the planting of winter rape in the next crop, special attention needs to be paid to the fact that the mulching film cannot be treaded when waxy corn is harvested.

(2) Double-low hybrid winter rape Qin you No. 7 full-film double-furrow cultivation technical regulation

Scale planting in a piece by piece: qin you No. 7 is a double low high quality hybrid, in order to prevent the quality reduction caused by mixing, the two low quality hybrids should be planted together, and should have a separation distance of 800m with the non high quality rape varieties, and the non double low rape varieties and other cruciferous crops cannot be planted in the planting area and the separation area.

Fertilizing: after harvesting the previous waxy corn, 20-50 kg of urea, 10-15kg of diamine and 1-1.5kg of boric fertilizer are applied to each mu. After the fertilizers are mixed evenly, hole application is carried out in a planting ditch of an original mulching film by using a fertilizer applicator, the fertilizing depth is 10-20cm, and hole sealing and compaction are carried out by using vacant soil after application.

Sowing in proper time: after the waxy corns are harvested, when the average temperature is stabilized at 15-18 ℃, the sowing time of the mulching film winter rape is proper, namely the sowing time in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, which is 10-15 days later than the sowing time of the winter rape which is directly sowed in the local open field. The row spacing is consistent with the waxy corn cultivation when the winter rape is sowed, and the wide and narrow row spacing is unchanged. Dibbling is carried out among the waxy corn planting furrows, the plant spacing is 15cm, and 0.9-1 ten thousand plants are planted per mu. The seeding rate is 0.15 kg-0.2 kg per mu.

Insect prevention and disease prevention: when winter rape just emerges, 2kg of wheat bran and 2kg of oil residue are mixed per mu for making fragrance, then 750g of 90% crystal dipterex is used for dissolving and infiltrating to prepare poison bait which is sprayed among rows of plants for trapping and killing crickets and mole crickets, and paying attention to preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillars, flea beetles and the like.

Thinning and final singling: thinning timely after seedlings are aligned, removing cluster seedlings, fixing seedlings at 3-leaf 1-heart stage, removing weeds, mixed plants and weak seedlings, and reserving 120 plants per square meter. 8-10 kg of urea is additionally applied in the middle and the last ten days of 10 months after the seedlings are settled, and the additional fertilizer method comprises the steps of punching holes between the two plants by using a dibbler or an additional fertilizer gun for fertilization, or dissolving the fertilizer in 150-200 kg of water, and punching holes between the two plants by using a kettle for watering about 50 ml. So that the plant can grow rapidly before winter, strengthen the nutrient body and improve the cold resistance. After seedling alignment, 50kg of mancozeb solution with the concentration of 0.07 percent is sprayed per mu to prevent root rot and seedling death, and pests such as aphids, cabbage caterpillars and the like are prevented.

And (3) promoting and controlling combination: weeding is carried out for 2-3 times before winter, nutrient consumption in soil can be reduced, plant canopy closure is reduced, air permeability is improved, growth of winter rape is promoted, soil is sealed in time after weeding, and attention is paid to preventing soil moisture from leaking and damaging root systems. In the bare-grown field before winter, withered yellow leaves and a proper amount of green leaves can be removed to control vigorous growth, and a proper amount of fertilizer is applied to the runt seedlings and weak seedlings to promote growth.

Freeze-proofing and seedling protection:

(1) chemical regulation and control: when 6-7 true leaves are planted, 50kg of paclobutrazol of 150mg/kg is sprayed per mu to regulate the plant type, so that the frost resistance is enhanced.

(2) Early ridging: the first soil-covering is carried out in the upper and middle ten days of 11 months (namely when the rape grows to 8-10 true leaves), but only the roots are covered, and the leaves are not buried.

(3) And (4) well irrigating overwintering water: in the conditioned area, winter irrigation is carried out when the daily average temperature is reduced to 4-6 ℃, weak seedlings are firstly irrigated, strong seedlings are then irrigated, and soil is enclosed to preserve soil moisture after soil moisture is accumulated.

(4) Secondary soil covering: and (5) carrying out secondary ridging in the middle ten days of 12 months to tightly enclose the root and the neck and prevent the root and the neck from being exposed and frozen.

Managing the flowering phase of the moss: in spring, 1000 times of imidacloprid powder is sprayed before the stem weevil spawns (in the middle and last ten days of 2 months at the bud coating period of the rape), and the imidacloprid powder is sprayed once after 7 days. Simultaneously has the effect of treating aphids and leaf miner.

Reasonable rotation is adopted, nitrogen control and phosphorus increase are carried out, strong seedlings are cultivated, vigorous growth is prevented, lodging is prevented, withered yellow leaves and the like are removed in the flowering phase of the moss; or using bactericide, thiophanate methyl, dimethachlon or 40% polysulfide suspending agent, and prochloraz to prevent and cure sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

And (4) post management: auxiliary pollination: during the flowering period, bees are put or the artificial supplementary pollination is carried out by pulling with a rope or pulling with a rod from 10 am to 2 pm on fine or cloudy days. Secondly, spraying fertilizer outside the roots: and (3) controlling diseases and pests in the early flowering period, and spraying 50kg of mixed solution of 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2% of borax and 2.0% of urea per mu. Preventing lodging: measures such as reasonable fertilization, strong seedling cultivation, hilling and root heaping, reasonable close planting and the like are adopted to coordinate the growth of overground parts and underground parts, and the lodging resistance of stems is enhanced. And fourthly, disease and pest control: after the rape flowers are finally finished, attention is paid to control aphids, plutella xylostella and downy mildew, protect the pericarp of the kernel and improve the grain weight.

Harvesting in a proper period: the final flowering period of the whole-film winter rape is about 25-30 days, namely about 5 months and 20 days, and when more than 70% of rape pod peel turns yellow and green, the harvesting proper period is when the upper pod kernel in the main sequence is black brown. After harvesting, stacking for about 4 days, promoting after-ripening, spreading, drying in the sun, and grinding in sunny days. The product is prevented from mixing with other double-high varieties during airing and storage. In order to ensure the planting of the next crop of waxy corn, special attention needs to be paid to the fact that the mulching film cannot be treaded when the winter rape is harvested, and the purpose of one film and three purposes is achieved.

(3) Cultivation technical specification for multiple cropping waxy corn after winter rape harvest

After the winter rape is harvested, fertilizer is applied in holes in planting furrows of the original mulching film by a fertilizer applicator, 10-15kg of urea and 10kg of diamine phosphate are applied to each mu, soil is used for burying a fertilizer applying opening after the fertilizer is applied, and the holes are compacted. And preparing to seed the third crop of waxy corns.

The method is used for harvesting fresh waxy corn, and after winter rape is harvested in the last ten days of the month, the waxy corn seeds after germination acceleration are dibbled in a mulching film planting ditch where fertilizers are traced. The germination accelerating step is that the selected waxy corn seeds are soaked in warm water at the temperature of 30 ℃ to absorb enough water, and the seeds are immediately sown when the seeds begin to appear white. Dibbling 2 grains in each hole, sowing depth 3-5cm, sealing with soil immediately after sowing, and compacting. The subsequent cultivation management is the same as the cultivation technology of the first crop of waxy corn.

The waxy corns for harvesting seeds are grown in a nutrition pot with the length of 14cm multiplied by 16cm in the last 4 months in advance, and then transplanted into soil after harvest of winter rapes, so that the third crop of waxy corns can be guaranteed to have enough growth period to obtain high yield.

The formula of the nutrient soil comprises the following components: taking farmland plough layer soil with high fertility as nutrient soil, wherein the nutrient soil is 1m in each³Adding 30-50kg of organic fertilizer, 1-1.5kg of urea and 1kg of diamine phosphate into the farmland, uniformly stirring and sieving, spraying 500 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution and 800 times of 25% carbendazim wettable powder on the soil surface while turning, fully and uniformly stirring the fertilizer and the pesticide with the sieved fine soil, piling and sealing for 24 hours, and preparing to be filled into a pot.

Preparing a seedbed: selecting a flat-lying farmland, making a seedbed with the width of 1.5m and the length of 10-15m by using a shovel, ridging the periphery of the seedbed, making the ridge height of 20cm, and making the bed surface into a horizontal shape.

Filling soil in a nutrition pot: and uniformly filling the fully piled and stuffy nutrient soil into a nutrition pot, and compacting the edge of the nutrition pot by fingers while filling to ensure that the soil is fully contacted with the nutrition pot. The soil filled in each pot is about 3/4 of the height of the nutrition pot. The nutrition pot filled with soil is compactly placed in a seedbed.

Watering the seedbed: and inserting a water pipe into a gap between the two nutrition bowls on the seedbed, and slowly permeating water into the nutrition bowls from the bottoms of the nutrition bowls for full watering. And (4) paying attention to the fact that the water flow speed of the water outlet pipe is not too fast so as to avoid erosion of soil in the nutrition pot.

Sowing: building a wood board with the length larger than 1.5m on two ridges of a seedbed, stepping on the wood board by a person, sowing the waxy corn seeds accelerating germination into a nutrition pot, sowing one seed in each hole, after the detailed examination, covering the seeds with nutrition soil until the nutrition pot is full, then covering the surface of the nutrition pot with a plastic film, preserving soil moisture, increasing temperature, and promoting early seedling emergence. And removing the plastic film in time after seedling emergence to prevent seedling burning.

Seedling stage management: the watering amount is strictly controlled, no watering is performed, and less watering is performed. Controlling the growth of the land, promoting the growth of the root system, and moving the nutrition pot once every 2 leaves grow after seedling emergence to prevent the waxy corn roots from being pricked into soil outside the pot.

Transplanting: after harvesting winter rape in late 5 months, digging pits slightly larger than the size of the nutrition pot at intervals of 30cm in a mulching film planting ditch with applied top dressing, transplanting the corn lumps with the nutrition pot removed into the pits, pouring 0.5kg of clear water into each pit, and filling gaps between the pits and the nutrient soil tightly with soil. And the other management is the same as the cultivation of the waxy corn in the field.

Four full-film double-furrow autumn-sowing garlic technical specification

Sowing: sowing in the middle and last ten days of October, selecting purple-skin garlic bulbs 10 days before sowing, peeling off garlic cloves, firstly airing for 2-3 days, and picking up garlic cloves for sowing. Sowing on ridges, dibbling according to the row spacing of 8-10 cm and the depth of 3-5cm, sowing two rows per ridge, generally every 667m²About 15000 seedlings are preserved, and about 100kg of dry garlic is needed.

Film covering: the film is coated while sowing, fine soil with the thickness of 1cm is pressed on the ridges after film coating (a small amount of fine soil can be scattered on the film in a flat film coating mode), the mulching film is properly pressed, and the garlic seedling emergence is facilitated. And (3) inspecting the seedling emergence condition in time 10-15 days after sowing, manually putting the garlic seedlings without automatically breaking the film to emerge in time, protecting the mulching film and the garlic seedlings during overwintering, and preventing livestock from trampling and gnawing the seedlings.

Field management: and (5) topdressing and watering. In 3 months of the next year, the mixed solution of 0.30 percent of urea and 0.50 percent of monopotassium phosphate is applied to the leaf surfaces of the garlic sprouts in the period of returning the garlic sprouts to the mother 1 time.

Preventing and treating diseases of cordyceps sinensis: in the last ten months, attention is paid to preventing and treating liriomyza sativae and thrips. The weeds under the film can be manually eradicated by a slender shovel.

Harvesting young garlic shoots: when the garlic shoots exceed the top leaves by 15-20 cm, the garlic shoots can be harvested in time (the garlic bolts are generally less in bolting quantity in pure dry land).

Harvesting garlic bulbs: the fresh garlic can be harvested about 20 days after the young shoots are picked, generally in about 6 middle ten days, and the harvesting is started when the garlic stems and leaves turn yellow.

Technical specification for interplanting corn in growth period of garlic

As the garlic is dibbled on the ridges, the third crop of corn is mainly sowed in the furrows by the corn, winter rape/garlic. When the garlic is harvested, the mulching film and the corn root system are prevented from being damaged, the treaded furrow soil is timely cleared up, weeds are eradicated, and water evaporation is reduced as much as possible.

Selecting improved varieties: the large ear variety with high yield, good fertilizer resistance, corn borer resistance and rough dwarf disease resistance is selected.

Early sowing at proper period, namely sowing seeds in the middle and last ten days of 4 months in the next year, sowing seeds one hole at a time, keeping the seed density at about 5000 per mu, and covering soil and sealing sowing holes in time after sowing to ensure the whole seedlings.

Timely seedling supplementing: checking the 1 plant in 1 cave for filling and fixing the seedling in time, removing small and big, and removing weak and strong.

And (4) strengthening management: watering in time according to soil moisture content to promote seedling growth. Because the residual quantity of the previous stubble of fertilizer is large, the seedling fertilizer is not applied generally, the ear fertilizer is applied again, and 15-20 kg of urea is additionally applied per mu in the large flare-out period. Spraying 25 ml of corn robust essence and water to the upper leaves 1-2 days before castration. The corn borers are carefully controlled in the large flare stage.

And (3) field test results: the double low winter rape variety Qinyou No. 7 is bred with one more crop of waxy corn under the condition that the yield per mu is 250kg of winter rape, and 1350 kg of fresh sticks or 500kg of waxy corn seeds can be harvested. The high-yield cultivation mode is selected, the yield per mu of the first batch of waxy corn grains is 600 kg, the yield per mu is 1440 yuan (2.4 yuan/kg of waxy corn), the yield per mu of the second batch of winter rape is 250kg, the yield per mu is 1500 yuan, the yield per mu of the third batch of waxy corn is 3000, the yield per mu is 1500 yuan (the purchase price of the fresh corn is 0.50 yuan/mu), or the yield per mu is more than 500 kg. The two-year three-crop cumulative income is 4440 yuan, and the annual average income is 2220 yuan. Compared with the annual output value 1170 yuan of the planted common corns (the average yield per mu is 650kg, the market price is 1.80 yuan/kg), the income per mu is increased by 1050 yuan. In actual production, a considerable part of fresh sweet and waxy corn sticks are sold in local markets at 0.8 yuan per stick (10% of fresh sticks per mu, namely 320 yuan per 400 fresh sticks), and if the income is calculated, the income is increased to more than 1600 yuan per mu on average.

The waxy corns are harvested in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, the garlic is sowed in the last ten days of 10 months, the garlic is harvested in the last ten days of June, the garlic plants are small, the symbiotic period is short, the mutual influence is small, the operation is easy, the garlic can be planted on the mulching film ridges to ensure the safe overwintering, the waxy corns can be planted again once after the harvesting, and the purposes of one-time film mulching, two-year use and three-crop planting are achieved. Under the production mode, the yield per mu of the first batch of waxy corn grains is 610 kg, the yield per mu is 1464 yuan (2.4 yuan/kg of waxy corn), the yield per mu of the second batch of garlic can reach 500kg, the yield per mu is 2000 yuan (4.0 yuan/kg of garlic), the yield per mu of the third batch of waxy corn grains is more than 500kg, and the yield per mu is 1200 yuan. The cumulative income of three crops in two years is 4440 yuan, and the income of the crop is 2332 yuan. Compared with the annual output value 1170 yuan of the planted common corns (the average yield per mu is 650kg, the market price is 1.80 yuan/kg), the income per mu is increased by 1162 yuan. In actual production, if the sweet and waxy corns are sold in fresh sticks, the income per mu is increased by at least 500 yuan, and if the income is calculated, the income per mu is increased by more than 1700 yuan on average.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. The efficient cultivation mode of waxy corn-winter rape/garlic-waxy corn is characterized by comprising the following steps: harvesting the first crop of waxy corns in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, and sowing winter rape without uncovering the film and ploughing after topdressing urea in the planting ditch of the original film in the middle and last ten days of 9 months by using a topdressing gun;

or, seeding purple garlic on a large ridge of the mulching film in the middle 10 th of the month, seeding waxy corns in the seeding ditch in the middle 4 th of the next year, sealing the ridge of the purple garlic on the large ridge, marketing garlic bolts in the middle 5 th of the month, and harvesting the purple garlic when the waxy corns enter the jointing stage in the early 6 months.

2. The efficient cultivation mode of waxy corn, winter rape, garlic and waxy corn as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the method is characterized in that a winter rape variety Qin you No. 7 is selected in the waxy corn-winter rape crop rotation, when the third crop of waxy corn is planted, the waxy corn harvested on a fresh stick is directly sowed stage by stage after the winter rape is harvested, so that the time of the fresh stick to market is prolonged; the waxy corns for harvesting seeds are grown in a nutrition pot in the last 4 th ten days, and the winter rape is transplanted and fixed after being harvested.

3. The efficient cultivation mode of waxy corn, winter rape, garlic and waxy corn as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the efficient cultivation mode of interplanting the waxy corns and the purple garlic is to coat a film in autumn in the middle and the last ten days of October, sow garlic on a large ridge of a mulching film, dibble seeding the waxy corns in furrows in the middle and the 4 th days of the next year, harvesting young garlic shoots in the early 5 months, harvesting garlic heads in the last 6 th days of the month, and planting, dibbling or seedling raising in a nutrition pot and transplanting and planting the corns.