CN113892409A - High-yield cultivation method of cyperus esculentus suitable for sandy loam in arid region - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method of cyperus esculentus suitable for sandy loam in arid region Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method of cyperus esculentus suitable for sandy loam in arid regions, belonging to the technical field of high-yield cultivation methods of cyperus esculentus, and comprising the following steps: selecting seeds, airing, storing in winter, preparing soil, sowing, irrigating, managing in field and harvesting; the tuber yield of the cyperus esculentus planted in sandy soil in the arid region is improved by comprehensive measures such as seed selection, sowing density regulation, field management in arid sandy land and the like, tuber reservation is performed through seed selection, the water content of the tubers is enabled to be below 10% through airing, the tuber activity of the cyperus esculentus stored at normal temperature is effectively maintained, the sowing germination rate is increased, and the tuber yield of the cyperus esculentus is maximally improved by adjusting the sowing density to 20-40cm row spacing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-yield cultivation methods of cyperus esculentus, and particularly relates to a high-yield cultivation method of cyperus esculentus suitable for sandy loam in arid regions.
Background
Cyperus esculentus L belongs to perennial herbaceous plants of Cyperus genus of Cyperaceae family, also called tiger nut, Cyperus esculentus, black currant and iron water chestnut, etc., the main harvest is underground nuclear tuber, the Cyperus esculentus is nutritious, is a novel economic crop with high quality, high yield and high comprehensive utilization value for oil, grain, feed and medicine, has the characteristics of wide adaptability, short growth period, large biomass, high oil content, high added value and the like, and is widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of Africa, Europe, Asia, North America and the like. In the 50 th century, the cyperus esculentus in China was introduced from the Soviet Union at the earliest and successfully tested in the Beijing plantations; in the 70 s, China again raises the climax of planting cyperus esculentus, but a plurality of problems are successively exposed, such as over-high planting cost, narrow market sale and the like, so that the enthusiasm of farmers for planting cyperus esculentus is rapidly declined. After the 21 st century, along with the deep understanding of the values of the cyperus esculentus, such as oil, grain, feed, medicine and the like, and the increasing improvement and improvement of cyperus esculentus cultivation and deep processing technology, small-scale cyperus esculentus cultivation is started in parts of China including Xinjiang, inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Hebei, Beijing, Jilin and the like, and then 11 months and 6 months in 2016, the Ministry of agriculture sends guidance opinions about the adjustment of maize structures in the "sickle bend" region and adjustment planning of structures in the national planting industry (2016-2020) respectively, and proposes the popularization of cyperus esculentus cultivation in suitable demonstration regions to adjust the planting structures and increase new edible oil sources. According to incomplete statistics, the planting area of the cyperus esculentus in the country in 2018 is about 10 ten thousand mu, and the planting area of the cyperus esculentus in 2019 is about 15 ten thousand mu.
The cyperus esculentus is drought-resistant and barren, is particularly suitable for growing on sandy soil, the area of desertified land in Xinjiang accounts for 43.41 percent of the area of desertified land in China, is the province with the largest area of desertified land in China, the photothermal condition in Xinjiang is similar to the original place (northern African river basin) of the cyperus esculentus, the sandy soil which can meet the growth and development of the cyperus esculentus has wide regions, and the cyperus esculentus has great potential for planting. Meanwhile, the cyperus esculentus grows rapidly, can cover sandy land quickly after being planted in sandy soil, and has the natural wind prevention and sand fixation effects, so that the cyperus esculentus planting industry is developed moderately on the premise that water sources are guaranteed, a cyperus esculentus high-yield cultivation method is innovated, the win-win target of ecological management, ecological industry and ecological wealth-of-people is realized, and the method is a basic approach for solving the high-quality development of the cyperus esculentus industry.
However, in the current arid desert area, the development of the cyperus esculentus industry is still slow, and the large-scale popularization and planting are limited, and due to the difference of planting regions and the difference of input levels, the quality and the yield of cyperus esculentus main products are low, so that the economic benefit of growers is directly influenced, and the problem of high-quality raw material supply of cyperus esculentus deep-processing enterprises is also indirectly influenced. The research, popularization and application of the high-yield cultivation technology of the cyperus esculentus in the sand area are the main tasks of cyperus esculentus production in the arid area so far, the current arid area has related methods for planting the cyperus esculentus, intercropping planting methods of the cyperus esculentus and other crops, planting methods in saline-alkali soil and the like, and no method related to the high-yield cultivation of the cyperus esculentus in the arid sand area is available.
The cyperus esculentus is a special economic crop which is known to be suitable for growing in sandy soil at present and can accumulate a large amount of grease in tuber organs, but tuber yield of the cyperus esculentus is greatly different due to different seed selection modes, soil conditions, sowing technologies and field management, so that the improvement of the tuber yield of the cyperus esculentus in the sandy soil in arid regions by innovating cultivation technologies is particularly urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-yield cultivation method of cyperus esculentus suitable for sandy soil in an arid region, and solves the problems of low direct seeding emergence rate and low yield of tubers during the cultivation of the cyperus esculentus in the sandy soil in the arid region.
The invention provides a cyperus esculentus high-yield cultivation method suitable for sandy loam in arid regions, which comprises seed selection, airing, winter storage, soil preparation, sowing, irrigation, field management and harvesting, wherein the airing is to enable the water content of cyperus esculentus tubers to be below 10%;
the seeding is that the seeding quantity is 8-15 kg/mu, the seeding depth is 4-5 cm, and the seeding row spacing is 20-40 cm.
Preferably, before planting, seed selection is carried out on the tuber, and healthy and excellent tubers with high germination rate are selected.
Preferably, the aired tubers are stored in winter, and the winter storage comprises the following steps:
(1) airing tubers, and bagging, wherein the weight of each bag is not more than 15 kg;
(2) selecting a ventilated and dried place which is disinfected and sterilized in advance for storage, and enabling the stacking distance of the seed stacks to be more than or equal to 50cm from the wall of the place, the stacking distance to be more than or equal to 60cm and the stack height to be less than 2 m; controlling the storage temperature to be 0-20 ℃ and the air humidity to be 20-35%;
preferably, the soil preparation is carried out in 3-4 months, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting land: the salt content of the soil surface layer of the selected soil is less than 2g/Kg, and the pH value of the soil surface layer is 6-7.5;
s2, soil preparation: soil preparation is carried out to level and weed the land, and the soil is finely crushed, loose and not hardened; ploughing for 20-30 cm; turning the soil and then airing for 1-2 days;
s3, base fertilizer application: uniformly spreading farmyard manure 1.5-2.5 tons/mu within the range of 20cm away from the two sides of the central line of the planting row;
s4, rotary tillage and compacting: and carrying out rotary tillage on the ground surface and then compacting for 1-2 times.
Preferably, the soil is sandy loam or pure sandy soil; and the pure sandy soil is ploughed into a soil layer of 20cm, and the sandy soil is intertillage into a soil layer of 25-30 cm; and applying 1.5-2.0 tons of decomposed farmyard manure to each mu of sandy loam, and applying 2.0-2.5 tons of decomposed farmyard manure to each mu of pure sandy soil.
Preferably, during the seedling emergence period, polyglutamic acid is mixed with water for drip irrigation, and the application amount of the drip irrigation is 25-50 g/mu; dripping water in good time after seedlings are discharged evenly, and the single irrigation quota is 15-20 m per mu3The penetration sand layer is 30-40 cm, and the total amount of drip irrigation is controlled at 450-550m3Left and right/(year mu).
Preferably, the field management comprises seedling searching and filling, topdressing, weeding, cutting and pest control;
the mowing is to mow the lodging area locally, leave the height of the plant height on the ground of 2/3 and mow the rest.
Preferably, 15-20 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 20-25 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are dropwise applied after seedlings grow out completely; in the middle growth stage, 5-10 g/mu of polyglutamic acid is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and 1000 times of water is added for spraying; 15-20 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 20-25 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are dripped when the time is 80 +/-5 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method comprehensively considers factors such as manual and mechanical sowing modes, harvest in a harvest period, and tillering characteristics of tubers in dry sandy land, and maximizes the yield of the cyperus esculentus tubers by adjusting the sowing density to 20-40cm row spacing;
2. according to the method, tubers are selected preferably, and the water content of the tubers is reduced to below 10% by airing, so that the vitality of the tubers under the normal-temperature storage of the cyperus esculentus is effectively maintained, and the sowing germination rate is increased;
3. the method improves the tuber yield of the cyperus esculentus in sandy soil of the arid region by comprehensive measures such as seed selection, sowing density regulation and control, field management in arid sandy land and the like.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a cyperus esculentus high-yield cultivation method suitable for sandy loam in arid regions comprises the following steps: selecting seeds, airing, storing in winter, preparing soil, sowing, irrigating, managing in field and harvesting;
seed selection: (1) coarse screening: placing the harvested tuber in a mesh of 2cm2The root ball is kneaded by hands in the mesh screen until the tuber is separated from the root, fine soil and small stones are screened, and large stones, soil blocks and other impurities are picked up; (2) fine screening: selecting the tubers obtained by coarse screening, and screening out tubers which do not meet the seed requirements such as mildewed tubers, deteriorated tubers, damaged tubers, insect bites, broken tubers and other impurities such as weeds and mud cakes; (3) selecting: selecting healthy and excellent tubers with high germination rate;
and (3) airing: (1) site selection: selecting a place which is leeward and sunny, has a flat ground surface, is slightly high in terrain and is close to a storage place in autumn; (2) flattening: the highest temperature in the daytime is not more than 25 ℃, and the screened seed-reserving tubers are flattened to the thickness of not more than 5 cm; (3) turning and airing: lightly turning over the flattened tuber piles by using a fine tooth harrow to uniformly air the upper layer and the lower layer, turning over the piles for 3 times every day, airing for 7 days, and collecting piles for winter storage;
the size of the flattening area is flexibly determined according to the seed quantity, the field size, the easy pile turning operation degree and the like; the aired tubers do not need to be cleaned by water, a small amount of soil on the surface of the tubers has a protective effect on the surfaces of the tubers, and the tubers are easy to mildew if the tubers are not aired in time and are not ventilated well after being cleaned; 2 days before airing, 3 times of pile turning are carried out every day, 2 times of pile turning are carried out every 3-7 days, rain, dew soaking, animal gnawing and biting and the like are avoided during the airing period, before night, the tuber pile is covered by a rainproof awning cloth, the tuber is prevented from being soaked by morning dew twice, the tuber is aired until the tuber can be easily cracked by biting by teeth, or the tuber pile is stored in winter when the tuber can be scattered and cracked by light smashing by an iron hammer, the water content of the tuber is aired to be below 10 percent at the moment, the tuber can be favorably stored at room temperature for a long time, the oxidation resistance of the tuber is enhanced, the service life of seeds is effectively prolonged, and the germination rate is improved;
winter storage: storing the aired tubers into ventilated cloth bags, wherein the weight of each bag is 15kg, stacking the storage bags in a sterilized ventilated drying room, placing the storage bags on a goods shelf, wherein the distance between the goods shelf and a wall is 55cm, the distance between every two adjacent goods shelves is 65cm, the stack height is less than 2m, and neatly stacking the storage bags; the indoor is an electric floor heating, an 8 ℃ anti-freezing mode is set, the temperature is 5-10 ℃ in winter, the air humidity is stabilized at about 30% through measurement, and the storage time is from 10 late ten days of the current year to 4 months of the next year. During storage, drying, ventilating and regularly sampling, and turning over a warehouse for airing in time if the water content of tubers exceeds 10% or the temperature of a seed stack is increased so as to ensure the safe storage of the cyperus esculentus seeds;
land preparation: (1) selecting land: selecting a saline-alkali-free land with good sand property to prepare soil; (2) land preparation: the soil is finely crushed, loosened, not hardened and not ridged. Intertilling for 25cm, airing the ploughed land for 1 day, airing the overturned weed fibrous roots and seeds, and leveling the land with an agricultural machine; (3) applying a base fertilizer: and (3) uniformly spreading according to the range of 20cm on two sides of the central line of the planting row during spreading, applying 1.8 tons of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure per mu, carrying out rotary tillage on the ground surface by using a machine to fully and uniformly mix the base manure and the soil, and compacting for 1 time. The land preparation meets the requirements of fine soil, broken soil and fine hair of the land, the base fertilizer is spread according to the planting row spacing, the fertilizer cost is saved, and the use efficiency of the base fertilizer is improved;
sowing: (1) sowing time: sowing in the middle ten days of the month 5, wherein the sowing time is not later than 15 days of the month 6, otherwise, the requirement of 120 days of the growth period cannot be met; (2) seeding rate and row spacing: sowing 10 kg/mu, sowing depth 5cm, mechanically drilling, row spacing 20cm, immediately covering soil and pressing after sowing;
irrigation: laying drip irrigation belts and the like according to the general agricultural drip irrigation laying specification; laying drip irrigation belts according to the row spacing of 30cm, when carrying out drip irrigation for the first time, dripping enough moisture water, keeping the surface layer moist before emergence of seedlings, namely irrigating immediately after drying, in the period of emergence immediately after 10 days, for water retention, improving the utilization rate of active water and improving the rate of emergence, carrying out drip irrigation by adding water with polyglutamic acid, wherein the application amount of the drip irrigation belts is 30 g/mu, dripping water in time according to the weather condition, the dry and wet condition of soil and the withered and yellow state of leaf surfaces frequently after seedlings emerge uniformly, and the single irrigation quota is 18 m/mu3Penetrating sand layer 35cm, and controlling the total drip irrigation amount at 500m3V (year. mu.). Because the surface temperature of the sand is higher, the seeds are prevented from being burnt on the high-temperature surface for a long time, and the seeds are sown and dropped immediately;
field management: (1) seedling searching and gap filling: after seedlings are grown out completely for 10 days, checking and filling gaps, transplanting the seedlings from the holes with more seedlings for filling, and spraying root fixing water after filling to ensure that the seedlings survive and are aligned; (2) irrigation: the land parcel has good sandy components and strong water permeability, needs one-time irrigation for 3 days when the illumination is strong, and basically has no accumulated water in the field; (3) scientific topdressing: after seedlings are completely grown, 18 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 20 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are applied along with water drops; in the middle growth stage, 7 g/mu of polyglutamic acid is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the polyglutamic acid is uniformly sprayed by adding 1000 times of water; at 80 days, 20 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 25 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are dripped with water; (4) weeding: the height of a seedling is 10cm, the seedling is 2-3 leaves, the medicine is sprayed for weeding, after 80% of weeds die, the manual hoe is used for hoeing the weeds in rows for one time, the root systems of the weeds are turned out of the ground surface for airing, meanwhile, the soil is loosened, tillering and fruit expansion are promoted, and the yield is improved; when 70 days, carrying out artificial weeding once; after planting and irrigation, the row spacing is less than 40cm, so that the distance between the mechanical plowing and weeding and the root system of crops is difficult to control, and the combination effect of artificial weeding and herbicide is optimal; spraying a medicament for weeding when the height of seedlings is 10-15 cm or the seedlings have 2-3 leaves, wherein the sprayed medicament is a common agricultural pesticide for preventing and controlling weeds such as reed, barnyard grass, Chinese dodder and the like, and weeding is carried out again in the middle and later stages according to the method; (5) and (4) mowing: the height of the cyperus esculentus is less than 100cm generally, the cyperus esculentus does not need to be mowed, the tillering and the fruit expansion can be influenced by the mowed cutting, the tuber yield is further influenced, if the tillering is more, the lodging area is partially mowed, the height of the plant height on the ground is 2/3, and the rest parts are cut off;
when the seeds are fully mature in the beginning of 10 months, most of the overground stem leaves are withered and yellow, the underground tubers are orange yellow and light yellow, and most of the tubers are hard, namely, the tubers are marked to be mature.
Example 2
A method for cultivating cyperus esculentus with high yield suitable for sandy loam in arid area features that the blocks with poor soil fertility and high saline-alkali content are chosen and the sowing quantity of tuber is 15 kg/mu.
Example 3
A method for cultivating cyperus esculentus in sandy loam in arid area features that the tuber is sown at 40cm distance.
Example 4
A method for cultivating cyperus esculentus in sandy loam in arid area features that the tuber is sown at 30cm distance.
Example 5
The method for cultivating the cyperus esculentus with high yield is suitable for sandy loam in arid regions and is different from the embodiment 1 in that 20 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 25 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are dripped after seedlings grow out, 10 g/mu of polyglutamic acid is sprayed on leaf surfaces in the middle growth period, and the mixture is uniformly sprayed by adding 1000 times of water; 15 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 20 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are dripped when the time is about 80 days.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that: in the airing step, airing until the water content of the cyperus esculentus is about 30 percent; the rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that: in the airing step, airing is carried out until the water content of the cyperus esculentus is about 18 percent; the rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 in that: in the sowing step, the planting row spacing of the cyperus esculentus is 60 cm; the rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 differs from example 1 in that: in the sowing step, the planting row spacing of the cyperus esculentus is 90 cm; the rest is the same as in example 1.
Evaluation of Effect
The method takes 150 Tuo of the Xinjiang Mosuo Bay reclamation area as a test field, the south edge of the Guerbantonggute desert in the area belongs to the continental desert climate with warm temperature, the average annual temperature is 6.6 ℃, the average annual precipitation is 117 mm, the average annual evaporation is 1979.5 mm, the accumulated temperature is 4126 ℃ higher than 0 ℃, the accumulated temperature is 3752 ℃ higher than 10 ℃, and the sunshine hours are about 2774 hours. The area is newly reclaimed desert land, and the soil type is sandy loam.
Seed selection, airing and winter storage are respectively carried out according to the example 1 and the comparative examples 1-2, and after harvesting, the experimental results are counted, and the specific results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 influence of example 1 and comparative examples 1-2 on the germination rate of Cyperus esculentus
As can be seen from the records in table 1, under otherwise identical conditions, the moisture content of cyperus esculentus of example 1, in which the seeds were air-dried to a moisture content of 8 ± 1.9% before winter storage, was kept to a minimum and the tuber germination rate was maximized.
The planting area takes a Jiya county reunion new village in Xinjiang and Tian city as a test land, the planting land is a newly-reclaimed desert, the soil type is aeolian sandy soil, the area is located at the south edge of a Takrama dry desert and belongs to a continental desert climate in a warm temperature zone, the annual average temperature is 11.5 ℃, the annual drought and rainless, the annual precipitation is 35.1mm, the potential evaporation capacity is 2595.3mm, the dryness is 20.8, and the annual sunshine duration is 2662 h.
Taking example 4 as an example, and comparing with the planting method of comparative examples 3-4, statistics are carried out on experimental results after harvesting, and specific results are shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of example 4 and comparative examples 3 to 4 on the growth and yield of Cyperus esculentus
As can be seen from the table 2, the cyperus esculentus of example 4 with a line spacing of 30cm was produced in a higher amount under otherwise identical conditions.
It should be noted that when the following claims refer to numerical ranges, it should be understood that both ends of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two ends can be selected, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described for the purpose of avoiding redundancy.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. A method for cultivating cyperus esculentus with high yield suitable for sandy loam in arid regions comprises seed selection, airing, winter storage, land preparation, sowing, irrigation, field management and harvesting, and is characterized in that the airing is to enable the water content of cyperus esculentus tubers to be below 10%;
the seeding is that the seeding quantity is 8-15 kg/mu, the seeding depth is 4-5 cm, and the seeding row spacing is 20-40 cm.
2. The method for high-yield cultivation of cyperus esculentus applicable to sandy loam in arid regions as claimed in claim 1, wherein before planting, seed selection is carried out on tubers, and healthy and excellent tubers with high germination rate are selected.
3. The method for high-yield cultivation of cyperus esculentus suitable for sandy loam in arid areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aired tubers are subjected to winter storage, said winter storage comprising the steps of:
(1) airing tubers, and bagging, wherein the weight of each bag is not more than 15 kg;
(2) selecting a ventilated and dried place which is disinfected and sterilized in advance for storage, and enabling the stacking distance of the seed stacks to be more than or equal to 50cm from the wall of the place, the stacking distance to be more than or equal to 60cm and the stack height to be less than 2 m; the storage temperature is controlled to be 0-20 ℃, and the air humidity is controlled to be 20-35%.
4. The method for cultivating cyperus esculentus in sandy soil of arid area according to claim 1, wherein the soil preparation is carried out in 3-4 months, and comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting land: the salt content of the soil surface layer of the selected soil is less than 2g/Kg, and the pH value of the soil surface layer is 6-7.5;
s2, soil preparation: soil preparation is carried out to level and weed the land, and the soil is finely crushed, loose and not hardened; ploughing for 20-30 cm; turning the soil and then airing for 1-2 days;
s3, base fertilizer application: uniformly spreading farmyard manure 1.5-2.5 tons/mu within the range of 20cm away from the two sides of the central line of the planting row;
s4, rotary tillage and compacting: and carrying out rotary tillage on the ground surface and then compacting for 1-2 times.
5. The method for high yield cultivation of cyperus esculentus applicable to sandy loam in arid areas as claimed in claim 4, wherein the soil is sandy or pure sandy soil; and the pure sandy soil is ploughed into a soil layer of 20cm, and the sandy soil is intertillage into a soil layer of 25-30 cm; and applying 1.5-2.0 tons of decomposed farmyard manure to each mu of sandy loam, and applying 2.0-2.5 tons of decomposed farmyard manure to each mu of pure sandy soil.
6. The method for cultivating cyperus esculentus with high yield suitable for sandy loam in arid area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the irrigation is carried out by adding polyglutamic acid into water for drip irrigation at the stage of emergence, and the application amount is 25-50 g/mu; dripping water in good time after seedlings are discharged evenly, and the single irrigation quota is 15-20 m per mu3The penetration sand layer is 30-40 cm, and the total amount of drip irrigation is controlled at 450-550m3V (year. mu.).
7. The method for high-yield cultivation of cyperus esculentus applicable to sandy loam in arid regions as claimed in claim 1, wherein said field management includes seedling detection and filling, top dressing, weeding, mowing, pest control;
the mowing is to mow the lodging area locally, leave the height of the plant height on the ground of 2/3 and mow the rest.
8. The method for high-yield cultivation of cyperus esculentus applicable to sandy loam in arid regions as claimed in claim 7, wherein said additional fertilizer is prepared by dropping 15-20 kg/mu diammonium phosphate and 20-25 kg/mu potassium sulfate compound fertilizer after seedlings emerge; in the middle growth stage, 5-10 g/mu of polyglutamic acid is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and 1000 times of water is added for spraying; 15-20 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 20-25 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are dripped when the time is 80 +/-5 days.
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| CN114586631A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-06-07 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Application of inositol in increasing yield of cyperus esculentus |
| CN114617036A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-06-14 | 石河子大学 | Planting method for increasing coarse fat content and diameter of tuber of cyperus esculentus |
| CN115005020A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-09-06 | 山东省农业科学院 | Efficient high-quality seed production and large-scale high-yield synergistic cultivation method for cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil |
| CN115039647A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-09-13 | 石河子大学 | Water and fertilizer management method for high-yield planting of cyperus esculentus in aeolian sandy soil |
| CN115119702A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-09-30 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Tigeria esculenta no-tillage fertilizing planting method in windy and sandy semi-arid region |
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| CN114586631A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-06-07 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Application of inositol in increasing yield of cyperus esculentus |
| CN114617036A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-06-14 | 石河子大学 | Planting method for increasing coarse fat content and diameter of tuber of cyperus esculentus |
| CN115039647A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-09-13 | 石河子大学 | Water and fertilizer management method for high-yield planting of cyperus esculentus in aeolian sandy soil |
| CN115005020A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-09-06 | 山东省农业科学院 | Efficient high-quality seed production and large-scale high-yield synergistic cultivation method for cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil |
| CN115119702A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-09-30 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Tigeria esculenta no-tillage fertilizing planting method in windy and sandy semi-arid region |
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