CN104782379A - Simplified cultivation method for planting autumn soybeans by means of autumn vacant field - Google Patents
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simplified cultivation method for planting autumn soybeans by means of an autumn vacant field, and belongs to the technical field of crop tillage and cultivation. The simplified cultivation method includes the steps that field soil is in a moist state before rice harvesting, and soybean seeds are sown in the paddy field within two hours before rice harvesting; rice is harvested through a harvester, the seeds in the field are evenly covered with minced rice straw, and ploughing and soil preparation are not needed; field management is carried out when the seeds sprout and grow. Surrounding trenches and middle trenches are dug in field parcels where sowing work is completed to prevent field waterlogging on rainy days, and disease, insect and grass disaster prevention, topdressing, harvesting and other field management work are well done. By means of the method, the planting mode achieved by planting one-season early season rice and leaving land uncultivated is changed into the double-cropping paddy-upland rotation planting mode achieved by planting the one-season early season rice and planting the autumn soybeans. Sowing is carried out as soon as possible, the land does not need to be tilled, water resources are effectively used, the cropping index is increased, and the method is simple and easy to understand, convenient to use, and capable of saving labor, reducing cost, improving benefits and meeting technical requirements of current rural situations.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop farming and technical field of cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of light simple cultivation method utilizing autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean.
Background technology
Jiangxi Province and Poyanghu Plain rice workspace, because of cause influences such as water source, labor stringency, means of agricultural production cost increases, after the harvesting of many rice fields early rice, can not plant Two searons late rice, let a piece of farmland go to waste in a large number and form autumn vacant field.Utilize type of seeding mainly traditional no-tillage program request and the drilling or broadcast sowing two kinds of methods of turning over of autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean, but these two kinds of methods are not suitable for the situation of current rural area working condition and manpower shortage.So current this autumn vacant field is all in the state of letting a piece of farmland go to waste, waste land resources.
The no-tillage bunch plating method for planting of tradition: after early rice results, do not turn in face, field, manually at the other program request soya seeds of the standing grain root and stem of certain plants, emerges for soybean to make full use of the other moisture of the field standing grain root and stem of certain plants, usually cries " standing grain root beans ", be commonly called as " plate field kind beans ".This method is the custom planting patterns on peasant convention, the once establishing in large scale mistake when labour's abundance, but along with the fast development of society, the strong labour of rural area green grass or young crops goes down town and works in recent years, the shortcomings such as labour intensity large, cost of labor is high, the deficiency in economic performance of the no-tillage bunch plating method for planting of tradition highlight day by day, peasant not wish use the method to plant soybean.
To turn over drilling or broadcast sowing implantation methods: real tillage after rice harves, the bedding of face, field, artificial trench digging drilling or broadcast sowing soya seeds.This type of seeding still also exists the shortcomings such as input cost is high, deficiency in economic performance, and because the fine heat of weather in autumn is short of rain, the soil water evaporation caused because of real tillage is too fast, affects soybean to emerge, and has been not suitable for the technical need of Current Farmers plantation autumn soybean.
Chinese patent document (CN 103181294 A) discloses a kind of paddy rice and Soybean Intercropping implantation methods, in same paddy field except winter and early spring, carry out boiled water rice intercropping season in spring and autumn two morning and evening two soybean, or ripe single cropping rice intercropping season in spring and autumn two soybean; In the winter time or early spring, the parallel ridging of plantation row along paddy rice is capable as soybean planting, and ridge is high 30 centimetres ~ and 40 centimetres, trapezoidal cross-section; The width ratio that the width that Rice Cropping is capable is capable with soybean planting is 2:1 or 3:1; Spring soybean was sowed or is transplanted on ridge at the beginning of 4 months, and early send out with plastic mulching is short, the planting density of spring soybean is 6 strains/m
2~ 8 strains/m
2, July, early and middle ten days was gathered in the crops; Autumn soybean no-tillage seeding mid-July, by the end of October early November are ripe, and the planting density of autumn soybean is identical with the planting density of spring soybean; Sooner or later during two boiled water rice intercropping season soybean in spring and autumn two: early rice rice transplanting at the beginning of by the end of April ~ 5 months, late July gather in the crops; Late rice is in rice transplanting in the last ten-days period in July, and the last ten-days period in October gather in, during a ripe single cropping rice intercropping season soybean in spring and autumn two: Single Late Rice late May ~ live or mid-June at the beginning of 6 months inserts kind.This method is the method for double cropping paddy rice and the Soybean Intercropping of having abundant water resources, and is not suitable for letting a piece of farmland go to waste in a large number because of the reason such as water source, labor stringency forming the situation of autumn vacant field, does not belong to rice field-upland field rotation cropping pattern.And the method still also exists, and input cost is high, labour intensity large, can not solve the shortcomings such as the technical need of rural area reality production.
Summary of the invention
For this reason, the present invention is in order to make full use of a large amount of autumn vacant field, solve overcome in prior art adopt traditional no-tillage program request, turn over drilling or broadcast sowing method plantation soybean exist labour intensity large, cost of labor is high, the shortcoming of deficiency in economic performance, insufficient water sources, provide a kind of saving of labor simple to operation, light, cost-saving synergistic utilize the autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean light simple cultivation method.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
Utilize a light simple cultivation method for autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean, described method comprises:
(1) before paddy rice harvesting, allow field soil be in moisture state, soya seeds, within first 2 hours, broadcasts sowing in rice field by paddy rice harvesting;
(2) start to gather in paddy rice with grain header, and by the rice straw full field uniform fold seed of chopping, do not need to turn over wholely;
(3) treat that seed sprouting grows, carry out field management.
Above-mentionedly utilize in the light simple cultivation method of autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean, described in allow field soil be in moisture state method be: from the rice milking stage ripe later stage to paddy rice harvesting, keep field soil water content 30 ~ 45%.Step down on face, field with people do not sag, footwear print edge has little water to ooze out to be advisable.
The above-mentioned autumn vacant field that utilizes is planted in the light simple cultivation method of autumn soybean, the method of described soya seeds sowing is: the soya seeds of selected germination rate more than 85%, seeding quantity is: 100-grain weight broadcasts 8-12kg in the seed kind every mu of 18 ~ 25g, 100-grain weight broadcasts 12-15kg 25 ~ 32g grain kind every mu, manually by seed uniform broadcasting in rice field.
The above-mentioned autumn vacant field that utilizes is planted in the light simple cultivation method of autumn soybean, and close mowing rice stub during grain header results paddy rice, rice stub height is not higher than 10 centimetres.
The above-mentioned autumn vacant field that utilizes is planted in the light simple cultivation method of autumn soybean, determines soybean mu planting density according to field soil fertility and breediness.
The above-mentioned autumn vacant field that utilizes is planted in the light simple cultivation method of autumn soybean, and rice straw is outputed irrigation and drainage ditch, comprised the waist ditch enclosing ditch and field of surrounding, in case rainy day field accumulated water after covering seed.
The above-mentioned autumn vacant field that utilizes is planted in the light simple cultivation method of autumn soybean, the 2-7 leaf phase after soybean emerges, every mu of use 10.8% Quizalotop-ethyl missible oil 40ml or haloxyfop-r-methyl (haloxyfop-r-methyl) missible oil 30ml is watered 50 kilograms, in the afternoon even spraying dispenser of fine day, the spray pesticide 1 time again every 7-10 days.
The above-mentioned autumn vacant field that utilizes is planted in the light simple cultivation method of autumn soybean, soybean seedling, and phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 800 times of liquid 100ml of every mu of use 50% are watered 50 kilograms and add 50% carbendazol wettable powder 100g spray pesticide 1-2 time; Soybean seedling is watered 50 kilograms to the flower pod phase with 0.3% Avermectin 40 grams or 20% pyridine worm miaow 20 grams, sprays 1-3 time.
The above-mentioned autumn vacant field that utilizes is planted in the light simple cultivation method of autumn soybean, and according to soybeans they grow situation, if soil fertility is better, soybean does not need fertilising whole breeding time; If soil fertility is poor, urea 3-7kg/ mu, potassium chloride 5-7.5kg/ mu to be imposed at the soybean blossoming initial stage; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution foliage-spray 1-2 blade face of pod bearing period 0.2%-0.3%; Whole soybean growth period, in case of arid is irrigated 1-2 time by irrigation and drainage ditch.
The above-mentioned autumn vacant field that utilizes is planted in the light simple cultivation method of autumn soybean, during harvesting, selects to carry out hand harvest or grain header harvesting at fine day.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the light simple cultivation method utilizing autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean of the present invention, be applicable to the area cannot planting late rice because of insufficient water sources, after taking full advantage of the many rice fields early rice harvesting caused because of the reason such as water source, labor stringency, Two searons late rice can not be planted, let a piece of farmland go to waste in a large number formed autumn vacant field, add peasant one season income, " season early rice-autumn soybean " double-cropped rice field-upland field rotation cropping pattern can be changed into by " season early rice-let a piece of farmland go to waste " cropping pattern, sufficiently and reasonably utilize land resources, improve cropping index.
2, the light simple cultivation method utilizing autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean of the present invention, then the plantation of broadcasting sowing carrying out autumn soybean before paddy rice harvesting carries out rice machine receipts, under, double rush for harvesting and sowing (rob results, rob sowing) seasonal conditions it is pressed for time inadequate labour, in conjunction with the actual conditions that rural area produces, the work that soybean planting and rice machine are received is carried out simultaneously, saves time and cost of labor; Before paddy rice harvesting, keep field soil water content 30 ~ 45%, when carrying out paddy rice harvesting, by the rice straw full field uniform fold seed of chopping, do not need to turn over wholely; Decreasing soil water evaporation, is the more sufficient moisture that seed sprouting provides.Sow when the method can not only be robbed, no-tillage effective use of land water source, and be easily understood, light saving of labor, cost-saving synergistic, be applicable to the technical need of Rural Areas at Present present situation.
3, the light simple cultivation method utilizing autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean of the present invention, close mowing rice stub when paddy rice received by machine, rice stub height, not higher than 10 centimetres, prevents ratoon rice from growing, and allows more rice straw also field.The irrigation and drainage ditch outputed, the rainy day can pass through irrigation and drainage ditch water discharge, in case field accumulated water; During soybeans they grow, in case of arid can be irrigated by irrigation and drainage ditch, ensure the rich water demand of soybeans they grow key period, for high yield lays the first stone.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
For No. 7, autumn soybean new varieties Jiangxi beans, illustrate and utilize the light simplified cultivation method of autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean:
On July 17th, 2014, in the area cannot planting late rice because of insufficient water sources in Quan Gang town, Fengcheng City, Jiangxi Province, experimental cultivation area 20 mu, in the early rice ripe later stage, keep paddy soil moistening, water content is 30 ~ 45%, step down on face, field with people do not sag, footwear print edge has little water to ooze out to be advisable, at paddy rice harvesting first 1 hour, artificial by Jiangxi beans seventh-seeded uniform broadcasting in rice field, because No. 7, Jiangxi beans are large seed kind (100-grain weight are about 31 grams), seeding quantity is 15,000 grams/acre.Then grain header starts to gather in paddy rice, and close mowing rice stub, is highly no more than 10cm, prevents ratoon rice from growing, and allows more rice straw also field, and will the rice straw full field uniform fold seed of chopping, then outputs in the field completing sowing work and encloses ditch and Yao Gou.After soybean emerges, bean seedlings excessive for density are carried out thinning, every mu stay seedling 2.5 ten thousand strain about.In the large bean seedlings 3 leaf phase, every mu of use 10.8% Quizalotop-ethyl missible oil 40ml is watered 15 liters, in the afternoon even spraying dispenser of fine day, and the spray pesticide 1 time again every 10 days, the seedlings of cereal crops in control field, ratoon rice and grassy weed growth.Soybean seedling, phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 800 times of liquid 100ml of every mu of use 50% are watered 50 kilograms and add 50% carbendazol wettable powder 100g spray pesticide 1 time.Soybean seedling and flower pod phase every mu of use 0.3% Avermectin 40 grams are watered 50 kilograms, spray 2 times, control To Leaf-feeding Insects, soybean aphid and two spotted spider mite etc.Whole soybean growth period, meets arid and irrigates 1 time by irrigation and drainage ditch.The soybean mature phase, survey through expert and produce per mu yield soybean 162.82kg, planting density 2.23 ten thousand plants/acre; 7-8 in November day hand harvest soybean, the paid 176kg/ mu in high-yield field, average per unit area yield is 160kg/ mu.Compared with the autumn vacant field that formed of letting a piece of farmland go to waste because insufficient water sources in autumn can not plant late rice, every mu increases income 800 yuan.
Embodiment 2
For autumn soybean new varieties south agriculture 99-10, illustrate and utilize the light simple cultivation method of autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean:
On July 22nd, 2014, in the area cannot planting late rice because of insufficient water sources in Qian Fang town, Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province, experimental cultivation area 30 mu, in the early rice ripe later stage, keep paddy soil moistening, water content is 30 ~ 45%, step down on face, field with people do not sag, footwear print edge has little water to ooze out to be advisable, at paddy rice harvesting first 0.5 hour, artificial by soya seeds uniform broadcasting in rice field, because southern agriculture 99-10 is large seed kind (100-grain weight is about 30 grams), seeding quantity is 13,000 grams/acre.Then grain header starts to gather in paddy rice, and close mowing rice stub, is highly no more than 10cm, prevents ratoon rice from growing, and allows more rice straw also field, and will the rice straw full field uniform fold seed of chopping, then outputs in the field completing sowing work and encloses ditch and Yao Gou.After soybean emerges, bean seedlings excessive for density are carried out thinning.In the large bean seedlings 5 leaf phase, every mu of use 10.8% haloxyfop-r-methyl missible oil 30ml is watered 15 liters, in the afternoon even spraying dispenser of fine day, and the spray pesticide 1 time again every 7 days, the seedlings of cereal crops in control field, ratoon rice and grassy weed growth.Soybean seedling, phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 800 times of liquid 100ml of every mu of use 50% are watered 50 kilograms and add 50% carbendazol wettable powder 100g spray pesticide 2 times.Soybean seedling and flower pod phase every mu of use 0.3% Avermectin 40 grams are watered 50 kilograms, spray 2 times, control To Leaf-feeding Insects, soybean aphid and two spotted spider mite etc.Urea 5kg, potassium chloride 7.5kg is imposed soybean initial bloom stage every mu.Pod bearing period with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution foliage-spray 1-2 blade face.The soybean mature phase, October 22 hand harvest soybean, planting density 2.34 ten thousand plants/acre, average per unit area yield is 169kg/ mu.Compared with the autumn vacant field that formed of letting a piece of farmland go to waste because insufficient water sources in autumn can not plant late rice, every mu increases income 845 yuan.
Embodiment 3
For autumn soybean new varieties south agriculture 99-6, illustrate and utilize the light simplified cultivation method of autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean:
On July 18th, 2014, in the area cannot planting late rice because of insufficient water sources in Jia Ling village, Zhenjiang, Poyang, Poyang County, Jiangxi Province, experimental cultivation area 56 mu, in the early rice ripe later stage, keep paddy soil moistening, water content is 30 ~ 45%, at paddy rice harvesting first 1 hour, artificial by soya seeds uniform broadcasting in rice field, because southern agriculture 99-6 is middle seed kind (100-grain weight is about 20 grams), seeding quantity is 10,000 grams/acre.Then grain header starts to gather in paddy rice, and close mowing rice stub, is highly no more than 10cm, prevents ratoon rice from growing, and allows more rice straw also field, and will the rice straw full field uniform fold seed of chopping, then outputs in the field completing sowing work and encloses ditch and Yao Gou.After soybean emerges, bean seedlings excessive for density are carried out thinning, every mu stay seedling 3.0 ten thousand strain about.In the large bean seedlings 5 leaf phase, every mu of use 10.8% Quizalotop-ethyl missible oil 40ml is watered 15 liters, in the afternoon even spraying dispenser of fine day, and the spray pesticide 1 time again every 8 days, the seedlings of cereal crops in control field, ratoon rice and grassy weed growth.Soybean seedling and flower pod phase every mu of use 0.3% Avermectin 40 grams are watered 50 kilograms, spray 1 time, control To Leaf-feeding Insects, soybean aphid and two spotted spider mite etc.5 kilograms, urea, 7.5 kilograms, potassium chloride is imposed soybean initial bloom stage every mu.The soybean mature phase, October 28 gathered in the crops with Kubo field grain header, planting density 3.05 ten thousand plants/acre, per mu yield soybean 186kg/ mu.Compared with the autumn vacant field that formed of letting a piece of farmland go to waste because insufficient water sources in autumn can not plant late rice, every mu increases income 930 yuan.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. utilize a light simple cultivation method for autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean, it is characterized in that, described method comprises:
(1) before paddy rice harvesting, allow field soil be in moisture state, soya seeds, within first 2 hours, broadcasts sowing in rice field by paddy rice harvesting;
(2) start to gather in paddy rice with grain header, and by the rice straw full field uniform fold seed of chopping, do not need to turn over wholely;
(3) treat that seed sprouting grows, carry out field management.
2. the light simple cultivation method utilizing autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described method allowing field soil be in moisture state is: from the rice milking stage ripe later stage to paddy rice harvesting, keep field soil water content 30 ~ 45%.
3. the light simple cultivation method utilizing autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method of described soya seeds sowing is: the soya seeds of selected germination rate more than 85%, seeding quantity is: 100-grain weight broadcasts 8-12kg in the seed kind every mu of 18 ~ 25g, 100-grain weight broadcasts 12-15kg 25 ~ 32g grain kind every mu, manually by seed uniform broadcasting in rice field.
4. the light simple cultivation method utilizing autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean according to claim 1, is characterized in that, close mowing rice stub during machine receipts paddy rice, rice stub height is not higher than 10 centimetres.
5. the light simple cultivation method utilizing autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, after rice straw covers seed, output irrigation and drainage ditch, irrigation and drainage ditch comprises the waist ditch enclosing ditch and field of surrounding.
6. the light simple cultivation method utilizing autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean according to claim 1, is characterized in that, determine soybean mu planting density according to field soil fertility and breediness.
7. the light simple cultivation method utilizing autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the 2-7 leaf phase after soybean emerges, every mu of use 10.8% Quizalotop-ethyl missible oil 40ml or haloxyfop-r-methyl missible oil 30ml is watered 50 kilograms, in the afternoon even spraying dispenser of fine day, the spray pesticide 1 time again every 7-10 days.
8. the light simple cultivation method utilizing autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, soybean seedling, phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 800 times of liquid 100ml of every mu of use 50% are watered 50 kilograms and add 50% carbendazol wettable powder 100g spray pesticide 1-2 time; Soybean seedling is watered 50 kilograms to the flower pod phase with 0.3% Avermectin 40 grams or 20% pyridine worm miaow 20 grams, sprays 1-3 time.
9. the light simple cultivation method utilizing autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean according to claim 1, is characterized in that, according to soybeans they grow situation, if soil fertility is better, soybean does not need fertilising whole breeding time; If soil fertility is poor, urea 3-7kg/ mu, potassium chloride 5-7.5kg/ mu to be imposed at the soybean blossoming initial stage; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution foliage-spray 1-2 blade face of pod bearing period 0.2%-0.3%; Whole soybean growth period, in case of arid is irrigated 1-2 time by irrigation and drainage ditch.
10. the light simple cultivation method utilizing autumn vacant field plantation autumn soybean according to claim 1, is characterized in that, during harvesting, selects to carry out hand harvest or grain header harvesting at fine day.
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| CN109588242A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-09 | 衢州市农业科学研究院 | The cultural method of rice beans crop rotation |
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| CN109588242A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-09 | 衢州市农业科学研究院 | The cultural method of rice beans crop rotation |
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