CN101107909A - Furrow drilling cultural technique of corps - Google Patents

Furrow drilling cultural technique of corps Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101107909A
CN101107909A CNA2007101451041A CN200710145104A CN101107909A CN 101107909 A CN101107909 A CN 101107909A CN A2007101451041 A CNA2007101451041 A CN A2007101451041A CN 200710145104 A CN200710145104 A CN 200710145104A CN 101107909 A CN101107909 A CN 101107909A
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China
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furrow
ridge
corps
cultural technique
planting
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李凤民
金胜利
周丽敏
张光全
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Lanzhou University
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Lanzhou University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

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Abstract

The invention relates to a crop planting technology, in particular to the planting technology for planting big rear crops in semiarid rain-fed agricultural region with high altitude but small annual rainfall. The technology of the invention is that: ditching and ploughing ridge in the leveled field, sowing seeds in side the ridge ditch after covering the ridge ditch and a ridgr platform with a mulching film. The invention, for forming the ridge platform covered by the mulching film outside the sewing ditch, can function as a water collecting surface to fully collect the rainwater and enable it flow into the ditch, thus can effectively collect rainwater and protection moisture in the soil, namely can largely reduce water loss and soil erosion as well as vaporization of moisture and sufficiently utilize the limit rainwater resource at the same time.

Description

A kind of furrow drilling cultural technique of corps
Technical field
The present invention relates to the crop planting technology, especially for being used to plant the planting technology of strain thin planting crop greatly such as similar corn, potato, broad bean, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers in high semiarid rain-fed agriculture region above sea level, annual precipitation 250-550mm.
Background technology
The semiarid rain-fed agriculture region of 2100-2400m, annual precipitation 250-550mm above sea level does not have any available surface water and groundwater resources, and crop growth relies on natural rainfall fully, and arid is the principal element of the local agricultural production of restriction.Semiarid zone precipitation rareness, arid takes place frequently, and spatial and temporal distributions is very inhomogeneous, and its precipitation major part concentrated on 7-9 three months, with the need water key period dislocation of crop.The semiarid zone because of spring arid often cause crop to be difficult to sow even lose kind, loss is serious, basic conditions for agricultural production weakness, grain yield is low and unstable.
Since film-mulching technique was promoted from the 1980s, with its significantly heat soil moisture conservation, the effect of increasing income is widely used on various crop.But, non-irrigated condition higher, rely on the semiarid rain-fed agriculture region of natural rainfall to apply comparatively slow fully in elevation.Its reason mainly is: traditional plastic mulching mode mulch film just part covers ground, and the field still has 1/3 to 1/2 ground to expose, and it is limited to heat effect, and the part crop is difficult to normal mature; Traditional in addition plastic mulching be with crop-planting on the ridge, this can prevent and treat the long-time ponding of crop root in the area that irrigation conditions is arranged, alleviate the generation of damage by disease and insect, but the semiarid rain-fed agriculture region at non-irrigated condition is used, the most of suitable ridge of rainwater surface current is to open ground, can't enter into crop root fully, cause the sow local local soil drought of plant of ridge to increase the weight of on the contrary, its collection rain soil moisture conservation DeGrain, invalid evaporation but increases, the easier disconnected ridge that is short of seedling of causing, the availability of the precipitation especially availability less than 10mm precipitation are very low, and effect of increasing production is not obvious.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the planting technology that a kind of semiarid rain-fed agriculture region at 2100-2400m above sea level, annual precipitation 250-550mm is applicable to big strain thin planting crop, this technology can overcome the deficiency of traditional film-mulching technique, increases the output of crop.
Furrow drilling cultural technique of the present invention is that trench digging is built the ridge in smooth field, uses plastic mulching ridge face and furrow again, during crop-planting with dibbler at the furrow open interior and broadcast into the seed kind.
According to relevant test, preferably ditch by minimum interval 70cm and 40cm in smooth field, so form the alternate ridge face of width, the ridge is tall and big in 5 centimetres, use plastic mulching ridge face and furrow again, during crop-planting with dibbler at the furrow open interior and broadcast into the seed kind.
Furrow drilling cultural technique of the present invention can also be to build the ridge at smooth field trench digging, broadcasts in furrow into the seed kind earlier, and then with plastic mulching ridge face and furrow, and reserves hole sowing the cave.
According to relevant test, preferably minimum interval 70cm and 40cm trench digging in smooth field forms the alternate ridge face of width, and the ridge is tall and big in 5 centimetres, broadcasts in furrow into the seed kind, uses plastic mulching ridge face and furrow again, and reserves hole in the sowing cave.
Test shows when furrow drilling cultural technique of corps of the present invention is implemented, and uses sufficient base fertilizer when leveling land in the field, perhaps covers a little donkey or horsehit, perhaps a little ash more at seeding time in the sowing cave or when putting seedling around plant.
Adopt technology of the present invention because of form ridge platform in seed furrow (promptly the planting ditch) outside by plastic mulching, it can play the effect of gathering surface, make rainwater fully be collected and flow in the plantation ditch, so just can effectively collect the rain soil moisture conservation, can significantly reduce the evaporation of water and soil loss and moisture content, simultaneously can make full use of the limited precipitation resource, particularly increase validity, fully improve efficiency of water application less than the invalid precipitation of 10mm.
Relevant test is also found, can effectively improve ground temperature in seedling stage behind employing the present invention, promotes to grow, and improves the maturing stage, enlarges planting area; And can increase the yield per unit area by a relatively large margin.The present invention can adjust the crop-planting structure, expands the autumn and presses the summer, makes full use of western China, and particularly rainwater summer and autumn more advantage in the Northwest's reaches the purpose that drought resisting increases.
Adopt when of the present invention, the row spacing degree determine the worry of taking an examination: the crop situation of being planted; Ventilation and penetrating light situation between plant, and personnel are convenient to carry out field management and are carried out relevant operation.Exactly because this reason has adopted the alternate furrow of width in the preferred forms of the present invention, wide furrow is convenient to personnel and is carried out field management, operation, and both can suitably make the plant dense planting with narrow relatively furrow, improves land utilization rate.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is provided with schematic diagram for furrow of the present invention and ridge platform.
Embodiment
The present invention is first with land readjustment, uses sufficient base fertilizer simultaneously in the field.Get bandwidth 120cm then, ditch respectively along 40cm, 80cm place, form the ridge face of two different width of 40cm and 80cm, its ridge is tall and big in 5 centimetres.Make each ridge smooth through finishing, form situation as shown in Figure 1.Use plastic mulching ridge face and furrow then.Carry out seeding operation again.
A specific embodiment of the present invention is: be 40 centimetres of little row with tooth pitch earlier, the marker that big row is 80 centimetres paddles, again with walking plough along little row to the little arc ridge of having turned over, centre, the ridge height is 10~15cm, it between two little arc ridges 80 centimetres big ridge, the ditch dug with a plow that forms during with extra small ridge along on scrape to big ridge and form big arc ridge, the ridge height is 5 centimetres, between the arc ridge of size, just be seed furrow between the width ridge, and then, should note during covering with plastic film with plastic mulching ridge face and furrow, preferably the limit of mulch film is arranged in the middle of the ridge face on wide ridge, and the Bian Yuqi that makes another width of cloth mulch film is folded mutually, is embedded in two folded mutually places of ground film edges with soil pressure again, with fixing mulch film.Like this each the seed furrow both sides that forms two collection rain faces that limit, big or small ridge forms of all serving as reasons.Water on the ridge of seed furrow both sides will flow into through ridge face and limit, ridge from film when rainfall like this, makes the interior plant of seed furrow fully obtain the irrigation of rainwater.
Is example in test of the present invention with the maize planting, when leveling land, apply fertilizer to the subsoil: execute 2500~5000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manures for every mu, 15 kilograms in 40 kilograms of carbon ammoniums or urea are used plastic mulching ridge face and furrow again.During sowing every mu with planting 2~2.5 kilograms, at the furrow open interior and broadcast, around plant, cover a small amount of donkey horsehit or ash with dibbler simultaneously into the seed kind, so both can help preserving soil moisture, more can keep soil from packing together.Watering nest water spot kind during sowing emerges with assurance.The typhon mouth phase imposes 25 kilograms in urea in conjunction with rainfall, and being in the milk, it takes the circumstances into consideration to topdress.Take out male to flowering stage with decis or Isofenphos methyl control mythimna separata, and be affixed by potassium dihydrogen phosphate and carry out foliage spray.Ripe after adjust on the spot, improve a lot than the prior art harvest.Test statistics shows, adopt behind the present invention time of infertility topsoil soils accumulated temperature to cover than the bar film and improve 187.2 ℃, improve 355.2 ℃ than open country, cover ahead of time 10-15 days than the bar film breeding time, do sth. in advance 25-30 days than open country, emergence rate average out to 95% improves 20 and 15 percentage points than bar film and open country respectively; Corn yield reaches 4500-7500kg/hm 2, average 6253.5kg/hm 2, cover volume increase 2323.5kg/hm than the bar film 2, rate of growth 59.1%.And the open country maize planting can not be ripe in the locality.
Output reaches 18750-22500kg/hm after using the present invention on the plantation potato 2, average 21760.5kg/hm 2, cover volume increase 9010.5kg/hm than the bar film 2, rate of growth 70.7% is than open country volume increase 9760.5kg/hm 2, rate of growth 81.3%.The present invention is used to plant on the crops such as broad bean, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers also tangible effect of increasing production.
Adopt under maize planting of the present invention, potato and the relative similarity condition adopt prior art plant actual measurement the related parameter that has see the following form:
Project The full film in two ridges covers trench sowing Bar film (half film) covers The open country plantation
Moisture Soil moisture content (%) On average 9.91 7.79 8.10
Improve 2.12 1.81
Corn moisture utilization ratio (kg/ side) On average 3.05 1.90
Improve 1.15
Ground temperature Improve seedling stage (℃/day) 2.20 4.20
Improve the time of infertility (℃/day) 1.17 2.22
The time of infertility, accumulated temperature improved (℃/day) 187.2 355.2
Emergence rate (%) On average 95 75 80
Improve 20 15
Do sth. in advance breeding time (my god) 10-15 25-30
Corn Per unit area yield (kg/ mu) Amplitude 300-500 200-300 Can not normal mature
On average 416.9 262
Volume increase Kg/ mu 154.9
59.1
Potato Per unit area yield (kg/ mu) Amplitude 1250-1500 750-1000 750-1000
On average 1450.7 850 800
Volume increase Kg/ mu 600.7 650.7
70.7 81.3
According to relevant test, when the contour bar crop of maize planting, its wide row spacing degree also can be made as 70 centimetres, and the narrow ridge width can be 50; If during the short crop of plantation potato etc., its wide row spacing degree also can be made as 80 centimetres, and the narrow ridge width can be 40.

Claims (6)

1. furrow drilling cultural technique of corps is characterized in that trench digging is built the ridge in smooth field, uses plastic mulching ridge face and furrow again, during crop-planting with dibbler at the furrow open interior and broadcast into the seed kind.
2. furrow drilling cultural technique of corps according to claim 1, it is characterized in that minimum interval 70cm and 40cm trench digging in smooth field, form the alternate ridge face of width, the ridge is tall and big in 5 centimetres, use plastic mulching ridge face and furrow again, during crop-planting with dibbler at the furrow open interior and broadcast into the seed kind.
3. furrow drilling cultural technique of corps is characterized in that building the ridge at smooth field trench digging, broadcasts in furrow into the seed kind, and then with plastic mulching ridge face and furrow again, and reserves hole sowing the cave.
4. according to the described furrow drilling cultural technique of corps of claim 3, it is characterized in that minimum interval 70cm and 40cm trench digging in smooth field, form the alternate ridge face of width, the ridge is tall and big in 5 centimetres, in furrow, broadcast into the seed kind, use plastic mulching ridge face and furrow again, and reserve hole in the sowing cave.
5. according to the described arbitrary furrow drilling cultural technique of corps of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that when leveling land, in the field, using sufficient base fertilizer.
6. furrow drilling cultural technique of corps according to claim 5 covers a little donkey or horsehit, perhaps a little ash around plant in the sowing cave or when putting seedling when it is characterized in that sowing.
CNA2007101451041A 2007-08-21 2007-08-21 Furrow drilling cultural technique of corps Pending CN101107909A (en)

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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102239778A (en) * 2010-05-11 2011-11-16 吴跃宗 Rainwater-collecting soil-moisture preservation dry-farming agricultural technology
CN102369867A (en) * 2010-08-24 2012-03-14 甘肃农业大学 Water-saving cultivation method of Chinese wolfberry
CN102577836A (en) * 2012-03-29 2012-07-18 戴实忠 Planting method for using mulch on corn field to collect rainwater and perforator
CN102948318A (en) * 2012-10-29 2013-03-06 李小玲 High-altitude dry-farmed horsebean cultivation method
CN102986398A (en) * 2011-09-15 2013-03-27 李可夫 Method for planting full-film covering maize
CN103283439A (en) * 2013-05-13 2013-09-11 胡玲玲 Improved cultivation method for sunflowers
CN103518502A (en) * 2012-07-06 2014-01-22 山东登海种业股份有限公司西由种子分公司 Method for sowing corn in deep holes with films covered
CN104041275A (en) * 2014-06-12 2014-09-17 沧州市农林科学院 Spring corn planting method in rain-fed dry-farming area of Heilonggang area
CN104584725A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-05-06 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司烟草科学研究所 Rapid fertilization method for newly-prepared yellow soil tobacco field
CN104641839A (en) * 2013-11-21 2015-05-27 杨建太 Dibble method for planting film-mulched potatoes
CN105230257A (en) * 2014-06-19 2016-01-13 镇江市丹徒区澳源食用菌专业合作社 Greenhouse cultivation method for potatoes
CN105830735A (en) * 2016-04-26 2016-08-10 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 Coix lacryma-jobi L. cultivation method realizing soil moisture preservation in dry slope land, drought resistance and weed inhibition
CN106613182A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-05-10 河南科技大学 Planting method for dry land peanut
CN107148852A (en) * 2017-05-31 2017-09-12 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 Potato ecology makes hot high-yield early-maturing cultural method
CN107969302A (en) * 2017-12-28 2018-05-01 兰州大学 A kind of East African altiplano area corn ditch ridge cultivating method
CN108207512A (en) * 2018-01-08 2018-06-29 临汾经济技术开发区科润农业技术咨询中心 A kind of attached ditch implantation methods of vegetables
CN108243861A (en) * 2018-01-17 2018-07-06 和县德生农业发展有限公司 Make the implantation methods of capsicum between a kind of tomato
CN108934841A (en) * 2018-06-27 2018-12-07 贵州大学 A kind of corn collection rain film-covering planting method
CN109376902A (en) * 2018-09-07 2019-02-22 中国水利水电科学研究院 A kind of sloping upland furrow layout optimization method towards crop water process
CN111972240A (en) * 2020-09-03 2020-11-24 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 Flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow cultivation rainwater collection planting method

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102239778A (en) * 2010-05-11 2011-11-16 吴跃宗 Rainwater-collecting soil-moisture preservation dry-farming agricultural technology
CN102239778B (en) * 2010-05-11 2016-05-18 吴跃宗 Collect the rain moisture drought-resistant agriculture technology
CN102369867A (en) * 2010-08-24 2012-03-14 甘肃农业大学 Water-saving cultivation method of Chinese wolfberry
CN102986398A (en) * 2011-09-15 2013-03-27 李可夫 Method for planting full-film covering maize
CN102577836A (en) * 2012-03-29 2012-07-18 戴实忠 Planting method for using mulch on corn field to collect rainwater and perforator
CN103518502A (en) * 2012-07-06 2014-01-22 山东登海种业股份有限公司西由种子分公司 Method for sowing corn in deep holes with films covered
CN102948318A (en) * 2012-10-29 2013-03-06 李小玲 High-altitude dry-farmed horsebean cultivation method
CN103283439A (en) * 2013-05-13 2013-09-11 胡玲玲 Improved cultivation method for sunflowers
CN103283439B (en) * 2013-05-13 2014-08-13 胡玲玲 Improved cultivation method for sunflowers
CN104641839A (en) * 2013-11-21 2015-05-27 杨建太 Dibble method for planting film-mulched potatoes
CN104041275A (en) * 2014-06-12 2014-09-17 沧州市农林科学院 Spring corn planting method in rain-fed dry-farming area of Heilonggang area
CN105230257A (en) * 2014-06-19 2016-01-13 镇江市丹徒区澳源食用菌专业合作社 Greenhouse cultivation method for potatoes
CN104584725A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-05-06 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司烟草科学研究所 Rapid fertilization method for newly-prepared yellow soil tobacco field
CN105830735A (en) * 2016-04-26 2016-08-10 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 Coix lacryma-jobi L. cultivation method realizing soil moisture preservation in dry slope land, drought resistance and weed inhibition
CN106613182A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-05-10 河南科技大学 Planting method for dry land peanut
CN107148852A (en) * 2017-05-31 2017-09-12 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 Potato ecology makes hot high-yield early-maturing cultural method
CN107969302A (en) * 2017-12-28 2018-05-01 兰州大学 A kind of East African altiplano area corn ditch ridge cultivating method
CN108207512A (en) * 2018-01-08 2018-06-29 临汾经济技术开发区科润农业技术咨询中心 A kind of attached ditch implantation methods of vegetables
CN108243861A (en) * 2018-01-17 2018-07-06 和县德生农业发展有限公司 Make the implantation methods of capsicum between a kind of tomato
CN108934841A (en) * 2018-06-27 2018-12-07 贵州大学 A kind of corn collection rain film-covering planting method
CN109376902A (en) * 2018-09-07 2019-02-22 中国水利水电科学研究院 A kind of sloping upland furrow layout optimization method towards crop water process
CN111972240A (en) * 2020-09-03 2020-11-24 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 Flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow cultivation rainwater collection planting method

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Open date: 20080123