CN109122129A - A kind of winter wheat convex-concave implantation methods - Google Patents
A kind of winter wheat convex-concave implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN109122129A CN109122129A CN201810987383.4A CN201810987383A CN109122129A CN 109122129 A CN109122129 A CN 109122129A CN 201810987383 A CN201810987383 A CN 201810987383A CN 109122129 A CN109122129 A CN 109122129A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The present invention relates to crop planting technical fields, more particularly to a kind of winter wheat convex-concave implantation methods, in preceding stubble harvesting wheat latter week, interval subsoiling is carried out to soil, ridging, subsoiling area trench digging and nurse crop stalk in non-subsoiling area, convex-concave earth's surface and rustic barrier interface are formed, rainwater is promoted to harvest into soil；Summer not busy season herbicide weed control；Dressed seed before wheat cultivation with fungicide or/and insecticide, using etc. the sown scopes such as line-spacings sow, fertilising, rotary tillage, sowing, suppression integration operation realize that wheat convex-concave is planted；Chemical weed control is carried out in early period in winter；Turn green, jointing stage spray plant growth regulator, top dressing；In heading-florescence, foliar fertilizer is sprayed in conjunction with a spray three proofings.This method is collected the rain moisture by transformation soil, improving straw mulching and coerces the negative effect to dry land wheat growth and development with convex-concave plantation, root zone located fertilization, reduction liquid manure, improve physical capacity and liquid manure utilization efficiency, improve the stable yield of wheat.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop planting technical fields, and in particular to a kind of winter wheat convex-concave implantation methods.
Background technique
Winter wheat is the staple food crop of China Dryland, due to nonirrigated farmland little precipitation, shortage supplementary irrigation and soil depletion, is chased after
Fertile difficulty, causes dry land wheat low output and shakiness, liquid manure utilization efficiency are low.Therefore, it explores to cooperate with and promotes yield and water
The moisture-holding cultivation of fertile utilization efficiency and nutrient management measure to Wheat indurstry sustainable development and ensure national food security to pass
It is important.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of winter wheat convex-concave implantation methods to be improved small with improving nonirrigated farmland water and fertilizer utilization rate
Wheat yield.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention and its design are:
A kind of winter wheat convex-concave implantation methods, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: carrying out interval subsoiling in preceding stubble harvesting wheat latter week to soil, in non-subsoiling area ridging, forming non-subsoiling
Band, at the convex-concave earth's surface of ditch, promotes rainfall to harvest into soil at ridge, subsoiling band, and the nurse crop stalk in ditch is formed rustic
Interface is obstructed, soil water evaporation is prevented, rainfall is improved and stores up efficiency；
Step 2: in season spare time in summer, prevent and kill off broad-leaved with herbicide in mid-July (high temperature and rainy, weed growth are vigorous and do not set seeds)
Weeds or/and gramineae weed (broadleaf weeds and gramineae weed take union)；
Step 3: dressed seed before wheat cultivation with fungicide or/and insecticide, using etc. the sown scopes such as line-spacings sow, fertilising, item rotation
It ploughs, sowing, suppression integration operation, realizes the plantation of crop convex-concave；It is efficiently fast using side method of sowing of ploughing in fertilising
Victory, and located fertilization and soil testing and fertilizer recommendation technology are used, meet the needs of nutrient needed for wheat growth, efficiently utilizes the soil water
Point, improve wheat yield and liquid manure utilization efficiency；
Step 4: selecting fine day of the noon maximum temperature at 10 DEG C or more in late November, spraying tribenuron-methyl and isoproturon removes
Grass, the dosage of two kinds of herbicides are the recommendation dosage of product；
Step 5: being chased after in winter wheat period of seedling establishment or/and jointing stage spray plant growth regulator, and according to rain fall to soil
Nitrogen fertilizer application；The plant growth regulator includes cycocel, gibberellin and plant cytokinin；In winter wheat period of seedling establishment or
Jointing stage, when odd-numbered day rainfall for the first time more than 15mm or more when Nitrogen Top Dressing it is primary, nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is calculated as 2 with pure N~
3kg/ mus；
Step 6: in winter wheat heading-florescence, in conjunction with spray three proofings (preventing disease and pest, hot dry wind, lodging) spray insecticide,
Fungicide and foliar fertilizer；When flowering stage of wheat sprays, pollination time should be avoided, is generally sprayed after the morning 10: 00, is sprayed
Meeting rain after medicine in 6h should fill spray；
Step 7: being harvested in dough stage to winter wheat.
In step 1, Subsoiler is interval 60cm subsoiling 35~40cm of subsoiling, and Subsoiler while has carried out ridge culture
Industry, row spacing 30cm, high 10cm, furrow width 30cm.
In step 1, the agricultural crop straw is preceding stubble wheat stalk.
In step 2, the herbicide is tribenuron-methyl and isoproturon, and the dosage of two kinds of herbicides is that the recommendation of product is used
Amount.
In step 3, fungicide used of dressing seed is the triadimefon wettable powder or have that effective component mass fraction is 15%
The olefin conversion wettable powder that composition quality score is 12.5% is imitated, the effective ingredient consumption of triadimefon is wheat seeds weight
0.04%, the effective ingredient consumption of olefin conversion is the 0.2% of wheat seeds weight；Insecticide used of dressing seed is that effective component mass fraction is
The Phoxim emulsion that 64% imidacloprid suspoemulsion or effective component mass fraction is 53%, insecticide active ingredient dosage are wheat seeds
The 0.1% of weight.
In step 3, sowing line-spacing is 20cm, 4~6cm of sown scope, 3~5cm of depth of planting；Applied fertilizer material includes when sowing
Nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the nitrogenous fertilizer are one of urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and ammonium chloride or a variety of, and the phosphate fertilizer is phosphoric acid
One of diammonium, calcium superphosphate or double superhosphate are a variety of, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride, and row application is in kind
The amount of application of the position of side 5cm, depth 10cm, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer determines by the following method: according to broadcasting preceding soil water-containing
Condition predicting target output is measured, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and K Amounts are recommended with the N P and K demand of target output, wherein hundred is public
Jin seed is to N, P2O5And K2O demand is respectively in terms of 2.8kg, 1.1kg and 2.7kg.
In step 5, the mu dosage of each plant growth regulator is respectively as follows: 13~15mL of cycocel and is watered 40~55kg；
55~60kg of 40ppm gibberellin hydrojet；Plant cytokinin 53g is watered 185~285kg；It sprays and strong element is helped to can inhibit internode
Elongation, prevents the later period from lodging, and improves yield；Water spray gibberellin can increase grain number per spike, improve yield；Spray on plants cell division
Element can promote the formation of chlorophyll and the synthesis of protein, enhance photosynthesis and anti-adversity ability, be conducive to precocious, high yield.
In step 6, the fungicide and its mu dosage are: the triazolone wettable powder that effective component mass fraction is 15%
Agent 80g；The insecticide and its mu dosage are: the imidacloprid wettable powder 20g that effective component mass fraction is 10%；It is described
The composition and mu dosage of foliar fertilizer are: urea 200g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g.
The utility model has the advantages that
1, the present invention by not busy season in summer to soil carry out ridging operation formed convex-concave earth's surface rush catchment, subsoiling improve the soil rush infiltrate,
Limited precipitation is harvested in soil, guarantees or extend the supply of Soil Moisture on Wheat growth and development by improving straw mulching vaporization prevention
Time mitigates influence of the water deficit to the normal growth of wheat, stablizes the yield of wheat and water use efficiency and improves.
2, the present invention on the basis of fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, sow after positioning row replacement by fertilizer by rotary tillage, realizes root zone
Fertilising, more traditional broadcast application are more advantageous to the supply of nutrient needed for during guaranteeing Growth of Wheat, keep wheat healthy and strong
Growth, and can be guaranteed while improving nutrientuse efficiency according to the appropriate Nitrogen Top Dressing of rain fall in wheat during jointing stage
Wheat utmostly high yield.
3, the present invention by etc. the sowing of line-spacings wide cut, more traditional furrow plantation increase sowing effective area, solve
Traditional ridge cover ditch broadcast cultivation in because cultivated area reduce caused by spike number reduce the problem of；It is raw in wheat by equal line-spacings sowing
Educate the Plantlet formation male and female face of phase, increase ventilation and penetrating light, effective photosynthetic area and light radiation intercepting and capturing rate, improve potential photosynthesis and
Dry Matter Production ability, to improve yield.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is field schematic diagram of the winter wheat convex-concave implantation methods in different phase；Wherein, A is that the field in not busy season in summer shows
It is intended to；B is the field schematic diagram in sowing time；C is florescence field schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, and non-detailed portion is existing below
Technology uses the prior art can be realized.
A kind of winter wheat convex-concave implantation methods, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: carrying out interval subsoiling in preceding stubble harvesting wheat latter week to soil, in non-subsoiling area ridging, forming non-subsoiling
Band, at the convex-concave earth's surface of ditch, promotes rainfall to harvest into soil at ridge, subsoiling band, all stalks of stubble wheat before covering in ditch
And glume, rustic barrier interface is formed, soil water evaporation is prevented, rainfall is improved and stores up efficiency；Wherein, Subsoiler is interval
60cm subsoiling 35~40cm of subsoiling carries out ridging operation, row spacing 30cm, high 10cm, furrow width 30cm while Subsoiler；
Step 2: in season spare time in summer, prevent and kill off broad-leaved with herbicide in mid-July (high temperature and rainy, weed growth are vigorous and do not set seeds)
Weeds or/and gramineae weed (broadleaf weeds and gramineae weed take union)；The herbicide be tribenuron-methyl and isoproturon, two
The dosage of kind herbicide is the recommendation dosage of product；
Step 3: dressed seed before wheat cultivation with fungicide or/and insecticide, using etc. the sown scopes such as line-spacings sow, fertilising, item rotation
It ploughs, sowing, suppression integration operation, realizes the plantation of crop convex-concave；It is efficiently fast using side method of sowing of ploughing in fertilising
Victory, and located fertilization and soil testing and fertilizer recommendation technology are used, meet the needs of nutrient needed for wheat growth, efficiently utilizes the soil water
Point, improve wheat yield and liquid manure efficiency；
In the present embodiment, fungicide used of dressing seed is the triadimefon wettable powder or effective that effective component mass fraction is 15%
The olefin conversion wettable powder that composition quality score is 12.5%, the effective ingredient consumption of triadimefon are the 0.04% of wheat seeds weight,
The effective ingredient consumption of olefin conversion is the 0.2% of wheat seeds weight；It is 64% that insecticide used of dressing seed, which is effective component mass fraction,
The Phoxim emulsion that imidacloprid suspoemulsion or effective component mass fraction are 53%, insecticide active ingredient dosage are wheat seeds weight
1%；
In the present embodiment, sowing line-spacing is 20cm, 4~6cm of sown scope, 3~5cm of depth of planting；The material that applies fertilizer when sowing includes nitrogen
Fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the nitrogenous fertilizer are one of urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and ammonium chloride or a variety of, and the phosphate fertilizer is di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
One of ammonium, calcium superphosphate or double superhosphate are a variety of, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride, and row application is in kind of a side
The amount of application of the position of 5cm, depth 10cm, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer determines by the following method: according to broadcasting preceding soil moisture content
Condition predicting target output recommends nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and K Amounts with the N P and K demand of target output, wherein hundred kilograms
Seed is to N, P2O5And K2O demand is respectively in terms of 2.8kg, 1.1kg and 2.7kg
Step 4: selecting fine day of the noon maximum temperature at 10 DEG C or more in late November, spraying tribenuron-methyl and isoproturon removes
Grass, the dosage of two kinds of herbicides are the recommendation dosage of product；
Step 5: being imposed in winter wheat period of seedling establishment and jointing stage spray plant growth regulator, and according to rain fall to soil
Nitrogenous fertilizer；The plant growth regulator includes cycocel, gibberellin and plant cytokinin, each plant growth regulator
Mu dosage is respectively as follows: 13~15mL of cycocel and is watered 40~55kg；55~60kg of 40ppm gibberellin hydrojet；Plant cell division
Plain 53g is watered 185~285kg；In winter wheat period of seedling establishment and jointing stage, chased after when the odd-numbered day, rainfall first time was more than 15mm or more
Nitrogen fertilizer application is primary, and nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is calculated as 2~3kg/ mus with pure N；It sprays and strong element is helped to can inhibit internode elongation, prevent the later period from falling
Volt improves yield；Water spray gibberellin can increase grain number per spike, improve yield；The spray on plants basic element of cell division can promote chlorophyll
Formation and protein synthesis, enhance photosynthesis and anti-adversity ability, be conducive to precocious, high yield；
Step 6: in winter wheat heading-florescence, in conjunction with spray three proofings (preventing disease and pest, hot dry wind, lodging) spray insecticide,
Fungicide and foliar fertilizer；The fungicide and its mu dosage are: the trazodone wettable powder that effective component mass fraction is 15%
80g；The insecticide and its mu dosage are: the imidacloprid wettable powder 20g that effective component mass fraction is 10%；The leaf
The composition and mu dosage of leaven are: urea 200g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g；
Step 7: being harvested in dough stage to winter wheat.
In order to verify the actual effect of technical solution of the present invention, in June, 2016 in June, 2017, in the Yellow River and Huai He River south and Huang
The Henan Province Luoning County township the little Jie village the Mei Yao (112.25E for the typical dry land wheat growing area that native plateau south crosses;34.36N)
Implement comparison scheme.
Experimental field soil is loamy soil, and main planting system is winter wheat/summer leisure.With 1954-2016 years mean value phases
Than, the few precipitation 93.5mm of leisure season (in June to September, 2016), wheat growing season (in October, 2016 in May, 2017) more rainfalls
35mm pertains generally to the inclined year of drought.
Test uses RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, and the flat work of setting tradition, deep water drilling pile, furrow plantation and convex-concave are planted at 4 altogether
Reason:
(1) tradition is turned over: according to local traditional habit, plough in 1 week after harvesting wheat, 25~30cm of depth, and 1 week prior to seeding
Fertilising and immediately rotary tillage 15cm, are then sowed.
(2) deep water drilling pile is within preceding stubble harvesting wheat latter week, and interval 60cm carries out 35~40cm of subsoiling, straw to soil
Then stalk uniform fold is sowed in earth's surface, prior to seeding fertilising in 1 week and immediately rotary tillage 15cm.
(3) furrow plantation be to plough in 1 week after harvesting wheat, 25~30cm of depth, prior to seeding 1 week apply fertilizer and immediately
Rotary tillage 15cm, then bedder- planter, row spacing 30cm, high 10cm, furrow width 30cm, sowing in ditch, line-spacing 20cm.
(4) technical solution that convex-concave plants embodiment according to the invention is implemented.
3 repetitions of each processing, totally 12 cells, plot area 180m2(60m × 3m).It is Lip river for examination wheat breed
Drought 6, sowing on October 15th, 2016, the amount of broadcasting are 150kg hm-2, harvest on May 29th, 2017.Radix heap 180kg hm-2、P2O5 135kg•hm-2、K2O 90kg•hm-2.It is not artificially irrigated during test, the same bumper harvest field of other field management.
Interpretation of result: 2m soil body reservoir storage before the present invention effectively increases summer fallow phase rainfall storage or saving efficiency, broadcasts has
Optimization of Wheat group, the effect for improving photosynthesis characteristics, anti-aging, significantly improve yield and water use efficiency.Test knot
Fruit shows, compared with the flat work of tradition, the present invention improves 23% in leisure season rainfall storage or saving efficiency, storage capacity raising before broadcasting
42mm, pustulation period Net Photosynthetic Rate improve 16%, and the maturity period postpones 3d, output increased 24%, and water use efficiency improves 18%；With
Deep water drilling pile is compared, and the present invention improves 18% in leisure season rainfall storage or saving efficiency, and storage capacity improves 33mm, pustulation period before broadcasting
Net Photosynthetic Rate improves 12%, and the maturity period postpones 2d, output increased 17%, and water use efficiency improves 13%；Phase is planted with furrow
Than the present invention improves 23% in leisure season rainfall storage or saving efficiency, and storage capacity improves 42mm, pustulation period Net Photosynthetic Rate before broadcasting
20% is improved, the maturity period postpones 3d, output increased 30%, and water use efficiency improves 25%.Therefore, technical solution of the present invention can
Rainfall is effectively harvested, yield and water use efficiency are improved.
In summary, using technical solution of the present invention, efficiently storage or saving precipitation is realized, improves Growth of Wheat spy
Property, the yield and rich water utilization efficiency of wheat are also improved, there is good Social benefit and economic benefit.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention in any form, though
So the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment, and however, it is not intended to limit the invention, any technology people for being familiar with this profession
Member, without departing from the scope of the present invention, when the technology contents using the disclosure above are modified or are modified
It is right according to the technical essence of the invention for the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations, but without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention
Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made by above embodiments, all of which are still within the scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of winter wheat convex-concave implantation methods, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: carrying out interval subsoiling in preceding stubble harvesting wheat latter week to soil, in non-subsoiling area ridging, forming non-subsoiling
Convex-concave earth's surface of the band at ridge, subsoiling band at ditch, the nurse crop stalk in ditch form rustic barrier interface；
Step 2: in season spare time in summer, prevent and kill off broadleaf weeds or/and gramineae weed with herbicide in mid-July；
Step 3: dressed seed before wheat cultivation with fungicide or/and insecticide, using etc. the sown scopes such as line-spacings sow, fertilising, item rotation
It ploughs, sowing, suppression integration operation, realizes the plantation of crop convex-concave；
Step 4: selecting fine day of the noon maximum temperature at 10 DEG C or more in late November, spraying tribenuron-methyl and isoproturon removes
Grass；
Step 5: being chased after in winter wheat period of seedling establishment or/and jointing stage spray plant growth regulator, and according to rain fall to soil
Nitrogen fertilizer application；The plant growth regulator includes cycocel, gibberellin and plant cytokinin；In winter wheat period of seedling establishment or
Jointing stage, when odd-numbered day rainfall for the first time more than 15mm or more when Nitrogen Top Dressing it is primary, nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is calculated as 2 with pure N~
3kg/ mus；
Step 6: spraying insecticide, fungicide and foliar fertilizer in conjunction with a spray three proofings in winter wheat heading-florescence；
Step 7: being harvested in dough stage to winter wheat.
2. a kind of winter wheat convex-concave implantation methods as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 1, Subsoiler is
It is spaced 60cm subsoiling 35~40cm of subsoiling, ridging operation, row spacing 30cm, high 10cm, furrow width 30cm are carried out while Subsoiler.
3. a kind of winter wheat convex-concave implantation methods as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 1, the crops
Stalk is preceding stubble wheat stalk.
4. a kind of winter wheat convex-concave implantation methods as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 2, the herbicide
For tribenuron-methyl and isoproturon.
5. a kind of winter wheat convex-concave implantation methods as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 3, killed used in seed dressing
The alkene azoles that microbial inoculum is the triadimefon wettable powder that effective component mass fraction is 15% or effective component mass fraction is 12.5%
Alcohol wettable powder, the effective ingredient consumption of triadimefon are the 0.04% of wheat seeds weight, and the effective ingredient consumption of olefin conversion is wheat seeds
The 0.2% of weight；Insecticide used of dressing seed is the imidacloprid suspoemulsion or effective component quality that effective component mass fraction is 64%
The Phoxim emulsion that score is 53%, insecticide active ingredient dosage are the 0.1% of wheat seeds weight.
6. a kind of winter wheat convex-concave implantation methods as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 3, sowing line-spacing is
20cm, 4~6cm of sown scope, 3~5cm of depth of planting；The material that applies fertilizer when sowing includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and row application is in kind
The amount of application of the position of side 5cm, depth 10cm, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer determines by the following method: according to broadcasting preceding soil water-containing
Condition predicting target output is measured, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and K Amounts are recommended with the N P and K demand of target output, wherein hundred is public
Jin seed is to N, P2O5And K2O demand is respectively in terms of 2.8kg, 1.1kg and 2.7kg.
7. a kind of winter wheat convex-concave implantation methods as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 5, each plant growth
The mu dosage of regulator is respectively as follows: 13~15mL of cycocel and is watered 40~55kg；55~60kg of 40ppm gibberellin hydrojet；Plant
Basic element of cell division 53g is watered 185~285kg.
8. a kind of winter wheat convex-concave implantation methods as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 6,
The fungicide and its mu dosage are: the trazodone wettable powder 80g that effective component mass fraction is 15%；
The insecticide and its mu dosage are: the imidacloprid wettable powder 20g that effective component mass fraction is 10%；
The composition and mu dosage of the foliar fertilizer are: urea 200g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g.
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| CN109122129B (en) | 2021-04-30 |
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Application publication date: 20190104 Assignee: Henan Junpin Ecological Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: HENAN University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Contract record no.: X2022980028181 Denomination of invention: A convex and concave planting method for winter wheat Granted publication date: 20210430 License type: Common License Record date: 20230111 |