CN110199797A - A kind of strong strain cultural method of the expansion row of wheat - Google Patents
A kind of strong strain cultural method of the expansion row of wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN110199797A CN110199797A CN201910545782.XA CN201910545782A CN110199797A CN 110199797 A CN110199797 A CN 110199797A CN 201910545782 A CN201910545782 A CN 201910545782A CN 110199797 A CN110199797 A CN 110199797A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of expansion rows of wheat to strengthen strain cultural method, after ploughing soil, site preparation makes Qi Long, flat furrow alternating, the ridge includes high ridge and low ridge, and the two is arranged alternately, and the difference in height between high ridge, low ridge and flat furrow is respectively 25~30cm, 15~20cm, a seed furrow is respectively opened in the middle position of high ridge, low ridge, flat furrow, wheat, field management, until mature harvest are sowed according to 29~31cm of line-spacing.The present invention selects that resistance is strong, Multi spike cultivar of wide adaptability, appropriate to expand wheat line-spacing, gives full play to Dominance in border row, constructs structurally reasonable, individual healthy and strong, high-output stress-resistance wheat population.Compared with traditional seeding technique, base portion 1-3 3~5cm of shortened internodes, straw stiffness and lodging tolerance are significantly increased;Group's ventilation and penetrating light condition significantly improves, and the leaves and stems disease such as banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew is substantially reduced;Grain number per spike is more, and mass of 1000 kernel is high, and per mu yield is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wheat growing technique fields, strengthen strain cultural method more particularly to a kind of expansion row of wheat.
Background technique
Wheat is a kind of tall graminaceous plant planted extensively all over the world, be the crops cultivated earliest in the world it
One, it can be used for making steamed bun, bread, wine etc., there is extensive edible value.But wheat planting has disease how (banded sclerotial blight, white
Powder disease etc.), low output the problems such as, and during the growth process meet with wind and rain weather easily lodge, cause the significantly underproduction even it is exhausted
It produces, these problems make current wheat planting be unable to satisfy people's lives demand.
Especially easy lodging problem is to restrict one of the key factor of wheat yield, and basal internode length length partially is to cause
The principal element of lodging makes wheat resistant to lodging therewith this is because the partially long stem wall circularity that will lead to of basal internode length is poor
It is less able.Root growth is undeveloped, takes root not deeply, also results in wheat plant and is easy lodging.In addition, wheat sharp eyespot, white
Powder disease etc. will also result in that base portion elasticity is poor, and stem tissue is destroyed, and fracture resistence force decline causes to lodge.
Patent CN103636399B discloses a kind of implantation methods of wheat, dependent on the sprinkling for preventing and treating pesticide and accordingly
Cultivate administration realizes the raising of wheat yield and the raising of Drought-resistance in Wheat, lodging tolerance, but average yield per mu is only 450 kilograms,
Still there is ample room for improvement for wheat yield.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to provide a kind of expansion row of wheat to strengthen strain cultural method, cauline leaf disease is substantially reduced, stem
Stalk intensity and lodging tolerance significantly increase, and wheat yield is high.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following scheme:
A kind of strong strain cultural method of the expansion row of wheat, after ploughing soil, site preparation makes Qi Long, flat furrow alternating, the ridge packet
High ridge and low ridge are included, the two is arranged alternately, and the difference in height between high ridge, low ridge and flat furrow is respectively 25~30cm, 15~20cm,
Respectively open a seed furrow in the middle position of high ridge, low ridge, flat furrow, according to 29~31cm of line-spacing sow wheat, field management, directly
It is harvested to maturation.
One of as a preferred technical scheme, select that resistance is strong, Multi spike cultivar of wide adaptability is sowed, into one
Step is preferably Shan 229, western agriculture 9871.
One of as a preferred technical scheme, the bottom width of high ridge or low ridge is 40cm, and top width is 20cm, the depth of seed furrow
Degree is 10cm.
As further preferred one of technical solution, ploughing soil includes applying fertilizer to the subsoil and rotary tillage, wherein the tool to apply fertilizer to the subsoil
Body method is: per acre apply 12~15kg of urea, 15~20kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 8~10kg of potassium oxide, rotary tillage depth be 30~
40cm。
It as further preferred one of technical solution, is irrigated before ploughing soil, so that soil relative water content
It is 70~80%.
One of as a preferred technical scheme, select 1.2~1.25g/cm of the soil weight3, the content of organic matter 3~4%, always
It is sowed in the soil of porosity 60~65%.
One of as a preferred technical scheme, the sowing time is annual mid-October, and application rate is 6~10kg/ mus.
One of as a preferred technical scheme, field management includes irrigating, and specific method is: winter without irrigating, the
Spring wheat basal internode extends 1~2cm within 2 years, is irrigated, and irrigation volume is 50~60m3/ mu;Heading is carried out to blooming stage
It irrigates, irrigation volume is 25~30m3/ mu.
One of as a preferred technical scheme, sowing harvests after 220~230 days.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention establishes the expansion row based on soil fertility level and strengthens strain technology.Its technological core is that selection resistance is strong, adapts to
Property wide Multi spike cultivar, it is appropriate to expand wheat line-spacing, give full play to Dominance in border row, construct structurally reasonable, individual healthy and strong, degeneration-resistant
The strong wheat population of ability.Compared with traditional seeding technique, base portion 1-3 3~5cm of shortened internodes, straw stiffness and energy resistant to lodging
Power significantly increases;Group's ventilation and penetrating light condition significantly improves, and the leaves and stems disease such as banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew is substantially reduced;Grain number per spike
More, mass of 1000 kernel is high, and per mu yield is high.
Replaced in site preparation using ridge furrow, ridge includes high ridge and low ridge, and the two is arranged alternately, that is to say, that whole to present
" high ridge, flat furrow, low ridge, flat furrow, high ridge, flat furrow, low ridge ... " are such to put in order, and has the advantage that
1, after wheat growth, group surface forms wavy surface, and daylighting and ventilation are good, is conducive to Growth of Wheat;
2, after irrigating or rain, high ridge and low ridge help to preserve soil moisture, and flat furrow help to drain, and avoid drought and waterlogging, improve
Moisture and utilization rate of fertilizer reduce irrigation water and fertilizer amount;
If 3, there is the external forces such as wind and rain that wheat is caused to tilt, since adjacent rows always have high or low wheat plant,
It can play a supporting role, avoid lodging;Moreover, forming air duct between high ridge, flat furrow, low ridge, facilitate walking for wind, weakens wind
To the active force of wheat plant;
4, biggish line-spacing makes the influence between adjacent wheat smaller, and root system Free Development takes root depth, improves plant
Lodging resistance.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described implementation
Example is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is common
Technical staff's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
To select western agriculture 9871 to be sowed convenient for comparing, in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of strong strain cultural method of the expansion row of wheat, after ploughing soil, site preparation makes Qi Long, flat furrow alternating, the ridge packet
Include high ridge and low ridge, the two is arranged alternately, and the difference in height between high ridge, low ridge and flat furrow is respectively 25cm, 15cm, high ridge,
Low ridge, flat furrow middle position respectively open a seed furrow, sow wheat, field management, until mature harvest according to line-spacing 29cm.
The bottom width of high ridge or low ridge is 40cm, and top width is 20cm, and the depth of seed furrow is 10cm.
After ploughing soil, if furrow, the long 8m of furrow, the wide 4.7m of furrow face, the wide 38cm in the furrow ridge, furrow are interior to plant wheat.
Ploughing soil includes applying fertilizer to the subsoil and rotary tillage, wherein the specific method to apply fertilizer to the subsoil is: applying urea 12kg, phosphorus per acre
Acid dihydride potassium 15kg, potassium oxide 8kg, rotary tillage depth is 30cm.It is irrigated before ploughing soil, so that soil relative water content
It is 70%.
Select soil weight 1.2g/cm3, the soil of the content of organic matter 3%, total porosity 60% is sowed.
Sowing time is annual mid-October, and application rate is 6kg/ mus.
Field management includes irrigating, and specific method is: winter is without irrigation, the next spring wheat base portion internode elongation
1cm is irrigated, irrigation volume 50m3/ mu;Heading is irrigated, irrigation volume 25m to blooming stage3/ mu.
Sowing harvests after 220 days.
Embodiment 2
A kind of strong strain cultural method of the expansion row of wheat, after ploughing soil, site preparation makes Qi Long, flat furrow alternating, the ridge packet
Include high ridge and low ridge, the two is arranged alternately, and the difference in height between high ridge, low ridge and flat furrow is respectively 30cm, 20cm, high ridge,
Low ridge, flat furrow middle position respectively open a seed furrow, sow wheat, field management, until mature harvest according to line-spacing 31cm.
The bottom width of high ridge or low ridge is 40cm, and top width is 20cm, and the depth of seed furrow is 10cm.
After ploughing soil, if furrow, the long 8m of furrow, the wide 4.7m of furrow face, the wide 38cm in the furrow ridge, furrow are interior to plant wheat.
Ploughing soil includes applying fertilizer to the subsoil and rotary tillage, wherein the specific method to apply fertilizer to the subsoil is: applying urea 15kg, phosphorus per acre
Acid dihydride potassium 20kg, potassium oxide 10kg, rotary tillage depth is 40cm.It is irrigated before ploughing soil, so that soil relative hydration
Amount is 80%.
Select soil weight 1.25g/cm3, the soil of the content of organic matter 4%, total porosity 65% is sowed.
Sowing time is annual mid-October, and application rate is 10kg/ mus.
Field management includes irrigating, and specific method is: winter is without irrigation, the next spring wheat base portion internode elongation
2cm is irrigated, irrigation volume 60m3/ mu;Heading is irrigated, irrigation volume 30m to blooming stage3/ mu.
Sowing harvests after 230 days.
Embodiment 3
A kind of strong strain cultural method of the expansion row of wheat, after ploughing soil, site preparation makes Qi Long, flat furrow alternating, the ridge packet
Include high ridge and low ridge, the two is arranged alternately, and the difference in height between high ridge, low ridge and flat furrow is respectively 25cm, 20cm, high ridge,
Low ridge, flat furrow middle position respectively open a seed furrow, sow wheat, field management, until mature harvest according to line-spacing 29cm.
The bottom width of high ridge or low ridge is 40cm, and top width is 20cm, and the depth of seed furrow is 10cm.
Ploughing soil includes applying fertilizer to the subsoil and rotary tillage, wherein the specific method to apply fertilizer to the subsoil is: applying urea 15kg, phosphorus per acre
Acid dihydride potassium 15kg, potassium oxide 10kg, rotary tillage depth is 30cm.It is irrigated before ploughing soil, so that soil relative hydration
Amount is 80%.
Select soil weight 1.2g/cm3, the soil of the content of organic matter 4%, total porosity 60% is sowed.
Sowing time is annual mid-October, and application rate is 10kg/ mus.
Field management includes irrigating, and specific method is: winter is without irrigation, the next spring wheat base portion internode elongation
1cm is irrigated, irrigation volume 60m3/ mu;Heading is irrigated, irrigation volume 25m to blooming stage3/ mu.
Sowing harvests after 230 days.
Embodiment 4
A kind of strong strain cultural method of the expansion row of wheat, after ploughing soil, site preparation makes Qi Long, flat furrow alternating, the ridge packet
Include high ridge and low ridge, the two is arranged alternately, and the difference in height between high ridge, low ridge and flat furrow is respectively 30cm, 15cm, high ridge,
Low ridge, flat furrow middle position respectively open a seed furrow, sow wheat, field management, until mature harvest according to line-spacing 31cm.
The bottom width of high ridge or low ridge is 40cm, and top width is 20cm, and the depth of seed furrow is 10cm.
Ploughing soil includes applying fertilizer to the subsoil and rotary tillage, wherein the specific method to apply fertilizer to the subsoil is: applying urea 12kg, phosphorus per acre
Acid dihydride potassium 20kg, potassium oxide 8kg, rotary tillage depth is 40cm.It is irrigated before ploughing soil, so that soil relative water content
It is 70%.
Select soil weight 1.25g/cm3, the soil of the content of organic matter 3%, total porosity 65% is sowed.
Sowing time is annual mid-October, and application rate is 6kg/ mus.
Field management includes irrigating, and specific method is: winter is without irrigation, the next spring wheat base portion internode elongation
2cm is irrigated, irrigation volume 50m3/ mu;Heading is irrigated, irrigation volume 30m to blooming stage3/ mu.
Sowing harvests after 220 days.
Embodiment 5
A kind of strong strain cultural method of the expansion row of wheat, after ploughing soil, site preparation makes Qi Long, flat furrow alternating, the ridge packet
Include high ridge and low ridge, the two is arranged alternately, and the difference in height between high ridge, low ridge and flat furrow is respectively 27cm, 18cm, high ridge,
Low ridge, flat furrow middle position respectively open a seed furrow, sow wheat, field management, until mature harvest according to line-spacing 30cm.
The bottom width of high ridge or low ridge is 40cm, and top width is 20cm, and the depth of seed furrow is 10cm.
Ploughing soil includes applying fertilizer to the subsoil and rotary tillage, wherein the specific method to apply fertilizer to the subsoil is: applying urea 14kg, phosphorus per acre
Acid dihydride potassium 18kg, potassium oxide 9kg, rotary tillage depth is 35cm.It is irrigated before ploughing soil, so that soil relative water content
It is 75%.
Select soil weight 1.22g/cm3, the soil of the content of organic matter 3.5%, total porosity 62% is sowed.
Sowing time is annual mid-October, and application rate is 8kg/ mus.
Field management includes irrigating, and specific method is: winter is without irrigation, the next spring wheat base portion internode elongation
1cm is irrigated, irrigation volume 55m3/ mu;Heading is irrigated, irrigation volume 28m to blooming stage3/ mu.
Sowing harvests after 225 days.
Comparative example 1
A kind of cultural method of wheat, after ploughing soil, site preparation make Qi Long, flat furrow alternating, the ridge include high ridge and
Low ridge, the two are arranged alternately, and the difference in height between high ridge, low ridge and flat furrow is respectively 27cm, 18cm, in high ridge, low ridge, flat furrow
Middle position respectively open a seed furrow, sow wheat, field management, until mature harvest according to line-spacing 25cm.High ridge is low
The bottom width on ridge is 40cm, and top width is 20cm, and the depth of seed furrow is 10cm.
Ploughing soil includes applying fertilizer to the subsoil and rotary tillage, wherein the specific method to apply fertilizer to the subsoil is: applying urea 14kg, phosphorus per acre
Acid dihydride potassium 18kg, potassium oxide 9kg, rotary tillage depth is 35cm.It is irrigated before ploughing soil, so that soil relative water content
It is 75%.
Select soil weight 1.22g/cm3, the soil of the content of organic matter 3.5%, total porosity 62% is sowed.
Sowing time is annual mid-October, and application rate is 8kg/ mus.
Field management includes irrigating, and specific method is: winter is without irrigation, the next spring wheat base portion internode elongation
1cm is irrigated, irrigation volume 55m3/ mu;Heading is irrigated, irrigation volume 28m to blooming stage3/ mu.
Sowing harvests after 225 days.
Comparative example 2
A kind of cultural method of wheat, after ploughing soil, site preparation make Qi Long, flat furrow alternating, the ridge include high ridge and
Low ridge, the two are arranged alternately, and the difference in height between high ridge, low ridge and flat furrow is respectively 27cm, 18cm, in high ridge, low ridge, flat furrow
Middle position respectively open a seed furrow, sow wheat, field management, until mature harvest according to line-spacing 28cm.High ridge is low
The bottom width on ridge is 40cm, and top width is 20cm, and the depth of seed furrow is 10cm.
Ploughing soil includes applying fertilizer to the subsoil and rotary tillage, wherein the specific method to apply fertilizer to the subsoil is: applying urea 14kg, phosphorus per acre
Acid dihydride potassium 18kg, potassium oxide 9kg, rotary tillage depth is 35cm.It is irrigated before ploughing soil, so that soil relative water content
It is 75%.
Select soil weight 1.22g/cm3, the soil of the content of organic matter 3.5%, total porosity 62% is sowed.
Sowing time is annual mid-October, and application rate is 8kg/ mus.
Field management includes irrigating, and specific method is: winter is without irrigation, the next spring wheat base portion internode elongation
1cm is irrigated, irrigation volume 55m3/ mu;Heading is irrigated, irrigation volume 28m to blooming stage3/ mu.
Sowing harvests after 225 days.
Comparative example 3
A kind of cultural method of wheat, after ploughing soil, site preparation make Qi Long, flat furrow alternating, the ridge include high ridge and
Low ridge, the two are arranged alternately, and the difference in height between high ridge, low ridge and flat furrow is respectively 27cm, 18cm, in high ridge, low ridge, flat furrow
Middle position respectively open a seed furrow, sow wheat, field management, until mature harvest according to line-spacing 32cm.High ridge is low
The bottom width on ridge is 40cm, and top width is 20cm, and the depth of seed furrow is 10cm.
Ploughing soil includes applying fertilizer to the subsoil and rotary tillage, wherein the specific method to apply fertilizer to the subsoil is: applying urea 14kg, phosphorus per acre
Acid dihydride potassium 18kg, potassium oxide 9kg, rotary tillage depth is 35cm.It is irrigated before ploughing soil, so that soil relative water content
It is 75%.
Select soil weight 1.22g/cm3, the soil of the content of organic matter 3.5%, total porosity 62% is sowed.
Sowing time is annual mid-October, and application rate is 8kg/ mus.
Field management includes irrigating, and specific method is: winter is without irrigation, the next spring wheat base portion internode elongation
1cm is irrigated, irrigation volume 55m3/ mu;Heading is irrigated, irrigation volume 28m to blooming stage3/ mu.
Sowing harvests after 225 days.
Comparative example 4
A kind of expansion row of wheat strengthens strain cultural method, and after ploughing soil, if furrow, the long 8m of furrow, the wide 4.7m of furrow face, the furrow ridge is wide
38cm, furrow are interior to sow wheat, field management, until mature harvest according to line-spacing 30cm.
Ploughing soil includes applying fertilizer to the subsoil and rotary tillage, wherein the specific method to apply fertilizer to the subsoil is: applying urea 14kg, phosphorus per acre
Acid dihydride potassium 18kg, potassium oxide 9kg, rotary tillage depth is 35cm.It is irrigated before ploughing soil, so that soil relative water content
It is 75%.
Select soil weight 1.22g/cm3, the soil of the content of organic matter 3.5%, total porosity 62% is sowed.
Sowing time is annual mid-October, and application rate is 8kg/ mus.
Field management includes irrigating, and specific method is: winter is without irrigation, the next spring wheat base portion internode elongation
1cm is irrigated, irrigation volume 55m3/ mu;Heading is irrigated, irrigation volume 28m to blooming stage3/ mu.
Sowing harvests after 225 days.
Test example
The plantation for investigating Examples 1 to 5 and 1~3 wheat of comparative example harvests situation, the results are shown in Table 1.
1. wheat growth situation of table is investigated
As shown in Table 1, the Wheat lodging rate of Examples 1 to 5 is low, and yield is high, and average grain number per spike is more, and average mass of 1000 kernel is big,
Wherein, embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 directly adopt drill seeding kind, and growing state is slightly poor.1 line-spacing 25cm of comparative example, 2 line-spacing of comparative example
28cm, 3 line-spacing 32cm of comparative example, comparative example 4 directly adopt drill seeding kind, lodging rate, yield, average grain number per spike, average mass of 1000 kernel
Etc. indexs be obviously deteriorated.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case where without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Benefit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should
It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
The other embodiments being understood that.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of expansion row of wheat strengthens strain cultural method, which is characterized in that after ploughing soil, site preparation makes Qi Long, flat furrow alternating,
The ridge includes high ridge and low ridge, and the two is arranged alternately, the difference in height between high ridge, low ridge and flat furrow be respectively 25~30cm,
15~20cm respectively opens a seed furrow in the middle position of high ridge, low ridge, flat furrow, sows wheat, field according to 29~31cm of line-spacing
Between manage, until mature harvest.
2. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that select that resistance is strong, multi-spike-type product of wide adaptability
Kind is sowed.
3. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the bottom width of high ridge or low ridge is 40cm, and top width is
20cm, the depth of seed furrow are 10cm.
4. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that ploughing soil includes applying fertilizer to the subsoil and rotary tillage, wherein is applied
The specific method of base fertilizer is: applying 12~15kg of urea, 15~20kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 8~10kg of potassium oxide per acre, rotary tillage is deep
Degree is 30~40cm.
5. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that irrigated before ploughing soil, so that soil phase
It is 70~80% to water content.
6. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that selection 1.2~1.25g/cm of the soil weight3, organic matter
It is sowed in the soil of content 3~4%, total porosity 60~65%.
7. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sowing time is annual mid-October, application rate 6
~10kg/ mus.
8. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that field management includes irrigating, and specific method is: winter
Without irrigating, the next spring wheat base portion 1~2cm of internode elongation is irrigated, and irrigation volume is 50~60m3/ mu;Heading
It to blooming stage, is irrigated, irrigation volume is 25~30m3/ mu.
9. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that sowing harvests after 220~230 days.
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