CN103718802A - High-yield cotton cultivation method under condition of jujube-cotton intercropping - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method for cotton. The high-yield cultivation method for cotton comprises the following steps: the row spacing of jujube-cotton intercropping adopts a fixed value mode of 1.5m×4m and 3m×4m; In the middle and late ten days, fruit trees are topdressed and irrigated for the first time, and autumn plowing and winter irrigation are implemented. Fertilization, land acquisition, and weeding are carried out before autumn plowing; high-quality varieties are selected, and sowing starts from April 1st to April 5th, with a depth of 2-3cm and a sowing rate of 60 -75kg/hm ² , plant 2-3 grains in each hole, and cover with soil 1.0-1.5cm; when a true leaf appears, start to settle the seedlings, intertill in time, use mepipebine 9 to control the plant height at 65-70cm, and topdress cotton, Irrigation, topping and flower harvesting; pest control of spider mites, aphids, thrips and cotton bollworms in jujube intercropped cotton fields. The invention fully improves the utilization rate of land, reduces the adverse effect of jujube trees on intercropping cotton, maintains and improves the yield of intercropping cotton, finally obtains high yield and high efficiency of farmland, and promotes the increase of farmers' income.

Description

A kind of cotton high-yield cultivation method under jujube-cotton intercropping condition

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and in particular relates to a high-yield cultivation method for cotton.

Background technique

Xinjiang has unique light and heat resources. Since ancient times, all kinds of fruits in Xinjiang have been well-known at home and abroad. Since entering the 21st century, especially after the autonomous region’s work conference on accelerating rural economic development in southern Xinjiang was held in 2003, the party committee of the autonomous region clearly proposed to insist on forestry The "four modernizations" principles of standardization of fruit products, standardized production, industrialization of management methods, and knowledge (specialization) of producers have built the fruit industry into a pillar industry for rural economic development. Incrementally, the main fruit-producing areas of red dates, walnuts, apricots, pears, and apples have been formed in the Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang, and grapes, red dates, wolfberry, seasonal fruits, and facilities High-efficiency forest and fruit bases based on forests and fruits. The whole Xinjiang has realized the rapid expansion of the construction scale of forests and fruits. In 2012, the total planting area of forests and fruits in Xinjiang reached 1.333 million hectares, of which the planting area of red dates reached 350,000 hectares, ranking first in the country. 3, the apricot tree area ranks first in the country, and initially formed the dominant forest and fruit production area in the Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang, the high-quality and efficient forest and fruit base in the Turpan-Hami Basin, the Yili River Valley and the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains. The total output exceeds 6.7 million tons, and the total output value exceeds 24 billion yuan. With the rapid development of the autonomous region's characteristic forest and fruit industry, the three-dimensional intercropping mode of fruit farmers has also emerged. Among them, the intercropping mode of fruit and cotton has become an important one in Aksu, Kashgar, Hotan and other regions. One of the planting modes.

Jujube trees have developed rapidly in the fruit industry in the dominant forests around the Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang. In 2009, the planting area reached 287,000 hectares. Under the non-dense planting conditions of jujube trees, the jujube-cotton intercropping planting model has become one of the important models for the development of local jujubes. Jujube In the first three years of jujube tree planting, the canopy of jujube trees was small, and the area of bare land was large, so intercropping cotton was less affected by the shading of jujube trees.

With the increase of jujube age, the adverse effect of jujube on intercropping cotton is also increasing, which affects the growth of cotton and is not conducive to maintaining and improving the yield of intercropping cotton.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a high-yield cultivation method for cotton, which aims to solve the problem that the growth of cotton is affected by the age of jujube trees, which is not conducive to maintaining and improving the yield of intercropping cotton.

The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in this way, a high-yield cultivation method of cotton, the high-yield cultivation method of cotton comprises the following steps:

Step 1, the row spacing of fruit trees in jujube-cotton intercropping adopts the fixed value mode of 1.5m×4m and 3m×4m;

Step 2. Before cotton sowing, in the middle and late March, the fruit trees were fertilized and irrigated for the first time, and autumn plowing and winter irrigation were implemented, and fertilization, land acquisition, and weeding were carried out before autumn plowing;

Step 3: Select high-quality seeds, start sowing from April 1st to April 5th, sowing depth 2-3cm, sowing rate 60-75kg/hm ² , plant 2-3 seeds in each hole, cover soil 1.0-1.5cm;

Step 4: When a true leaf appears, seedlings start to be settled, intertilled in time, and the plant height is controlled at 65-70 cm by using mepipebine 9, and the cotton is topdressed, irrigated, topped and flower harvested;

Step 5, preventing and controlling pests and diseases of spider mites, aphids, thrips and cotton bollworms in the jujube tree intercropping cotton farmland.

Further, in step 1, the row spacing of jujube-cotton intercropping basically adopts the fixed value mode of 1.5m×4m and 3m×4m, and ditches are opened on both sides of jujube tree rows to form low ridges, the width of jujube tree ditch is 80cm-100cm, and the height of ridge is 15cm , the distance between the jujube tree and the cotton in the side row is 80-100cm, the cotton between the jujube tree rows is 1.4m film, and 4 rows of cotton are planted in each film, and the cotton width and narrow row configuration [(30+40+30)+50cm]×12cm, the jujube tree Two sheets of film can be laid between the rows, and 8 rows of cotton can be planted, and the number of plants per hectare is 222,000.

Further, the cotton between the rows of jujube trees can also use a 2.3m wide film, and a film of cotton is planted between the fruit trees, with 8 rows per film, and the configuration is: [(15+45+15+50+15+45+15)+ 30] cm × 10 cm, the number of plants per hectare is 30.8.

Further, in step 2, the depth of autumn plowing should be greater than 20cm, and timely winter irrigation after plowing, and winter irrigation must be completed before October 20; before plowing, apply more than 45 tons of farmyard manure and 750kg of oil residue per hectare, and fertilize according to the soil test formula : 50%-60% of the total available nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and all potassium fertilizers, namely urea 300-450kg, diamine phosphate 300-375kg, potassium sulfate 75-120kg, used as base fertilizer for deep plowing, full layer fertilization, before plowing Sprinkle it evenly into the ground, turn it deep mechanically, or apply it evenly with a deep fertilizer applicator or seed drill, and then turn it deeper than 20cm.

Further, in step 2, before sowing the cotton, use 33% Shitianbu 2250-2700g/hm ² or 48% trifluralin 1200-1800g/hm ² , 50% acetochlor 1500-1800g/hm ² , Mix 600-750kg of water and spray evenly, rake and mix it into the soil surface in time, sow the soil treated with trifluralin after 48 hours, and sow after other spraying. When spraying various chemicals, try to avoid fruit tree ditches and fruit trees Dry to prevent phytotoxicity to fruit trees.

Further, in step 3, high-quality and improved seeds are selected, and the quality requirements of the seeds are bags with a purity of not less than 97%, a clarity of not less than 99%, a germination rate of not less than 85%, a moisture content of less than 12%, and a healthy seed rate of not less than 95%. Cotton seeds, choose Zhongmian 49 or Xinluzhong 26; the soil temperature 5cm below the film can be sown when the soil temperature is stable and exceeds 12°C, the best sowing period is April 5th to April 15th, and the alkali shell should be broken in time after the rain to help seedlings When unearthed, when the cotyledons turn from yellow to green after emergence, the membrane should be broken in time according to the established spacing, and the opening of the stem of the cotton plant should be sealed tightly with soil, and the soaked cotton seeds should be replenished in time for rotten seed plots and 50cm missing seedlings and broken ridges. kind.

Further, in step 4, intertill three times at the seedling stage, the first time at the cotyledon stage, shallow plowing of 5-8cm; the second intertillage combined with seedling stabilization, the depth can reach 10cm; the third intertillage is before budding, the depth reaches 15cm;

When the cotton seedlings have 4 leaves and one center, lightly adjust them with 7.5-15g/ ^hm2 of mepipebine; before watering, use 15-22.5g/ ^hm2 of mepipebine for chemical control to ensure the steady growth of cotton plants and reduce shedding and empty fruit branches; Before and after dihydration, use 45-75g/hm ² of metropic amine for chemical control, and immediately manually top when the number ^of fruit sets reaches 8-10. Chemical control, control the plant height at 65-70cm;

Topdressing, in late May, when the fruit trees are in the early stage of flowering, the second topdressing irrigation should be carried out, combined with fruit tree fertilization, spray foliar fertilizer 2-3 times, from mid-July to mid-August, spray on the foliage depending on the growth of cotton Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3-4 times, each time the dosage is 3-4kg/hm ² ; for the first time topdressing in the field, urea 150kg/hm ² can be applied before the head water, combined with deep irrigation with ditch irrigation, the second topdressing can be Depending on the growth of cotton, combine dihydration or trihydration, apply urea 75-120kg/hm ² , and the time shall not exceed July 15;

For irrigation, the first water of cotton is after mid-June, the second water of cotton is carried out separately 10 days after the first water, and the time of third water of cotton can be combined with the jujube tree at the same time according to the soil texture, weather, and the specific conditions of cotton growth, or it can be appropriately postponed and irrigated separately , from late August to early September according to the moisture content of cotton, increase irrigation 1-2 times, but the water must be stopped before the end of September;

The topping time is from July 5th to July 15th. After topping to the first ten days of August, the branches are pruned manually in time, old leaves are removed, and empty fruit branches are cut off;

Harvest the flowers in late September or early October. When harvesting, they must be picked, dried, transported, tied, and stored separately; the film is removed before the water is taken, and the residual film in the field is cleaned up after the flowers are collected. For disposal, do not place the residual film beside the canal to prevent secondary pollution.

Further, in step five, the method of pest control is:

Scrape the bark in winter, scrape off all the cracked and warped bark on the trunk and backbone branches, and reduce the overwintering population density of red spider pests;

When the current cotyledons of cotton are unfolded, immediately use omethoate 1000 times liquid 450-600kg per hectare to spray to prevent cotton thrips;

Cotton aphid control: one is autumn plowing and winter irrigation; the other is intensive control of flowers and greenhouses in winter to eliminate the source of overwintering aphids and reduce the number of overwintering bases. The greenhouses are fumigated with dichlorvos preparations and aerosols, and flowers are buried with iron. Gram, carbofuran granule preparations, outdoor hosts such as pomegranate trees, Zanthoxylum bungeanum plants sprayed with omethoate, and aphid net agent control. The third is to investigate early, do a good job in the control of central plants and central tablets, and use omethoate in time if aphid plants are found. Apply the fruit systemic insecticide 1:5-10 times liquid to the stem. If a plant is found to have cotton aphid, it should be applied to the center of 1-2m ² . Aphids are controlled at the spotting stage;

For the control of cotton spider mites, remove weeds in cotton fields before winter, plow and prepare the land, and irrigate in winter to reduce the number of overwintering insects. Early spring control canals, forest belts, and fields can be used to control cotton fields when cotton spider mites occur. Coordinate the use of integrated methods of agricultural control, biological control and chemical control to eliminate cotton spider mites before the end of June and avoid cotton damage;

Cotton bollworm control is based on prevention, comprehensive prevention and control in a timely manner, implementing autumn plowing and winter irrigation, shoveling ridges to remove pupae, reducing the population base of overwintering insects, and planting 4-6 rows of corn trapping belts in cotton fields to lure cotton bollworms to lay eggs on corn , and carry out drug treatment in time to reduce the harm of cotton fields. Place frequency-vibrating insecticidal lamps in cotton fields. According to the forecast, turn on the lights at the early stage of moths to kill moths. According to the degree of harm of cotton bollworms, BT emulsion and Saidan can be used in rotation 2000 times Liquid and chrysanthemum chemicals are sprayed for control.

The high-yield cultivation method of cotton provided by the invention adopts the fixed value mode of 1.5m × 4m and 3m × 4m by the row spacing of fruit trees intercropped with jujube and cotton; Autumn plowing and winter irrigation, fertilization, land acquisition, and weeding before autumn plowing; select high-quality varieties, start sowing from April 1st to April 5th, sowing depth 2-3cm, sowing rate 60-75kg/hm ² , plant 2 per hole -3 grains, cover with soil 1.0-1.5cm; when a true leaf appears, start to set the seedlings, intertill in time, use mepipebine 9 to control the plant height at 65-70cm, topdress cotton, irrigate, top and harvest flowers; jujube The spider mites, aphids, thrips, and cotton bollworms in the farmland of intercropping cotton carry out the prevention and control of disease and insect pests; the present invention fully improves the land utilization rate, reduces the adverse effect of jujube on intercropping cotton, maintains and improves the yield of intercropping cotton, and finally Obtain high-yield and high-efficiency farmland and increase farmers' income, based on recent research results and local production practices. The invention forms a high-yield cultivation technique suitable for three-dimensional planting of jujube-cotton intercropping cotton, and provides a technical basis for obtaining high-yield and high-efficiency cotton under the condition of jujube-cotton intercropping three-dimensional cultivation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a high-yield cultivation method for cotton provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.

Fig. 1 shows the high-yield cultivation method process flow of cotton provided by the present invention. For ease of illustration, only the parts relevant to the present invention are shown.

The cotton high-yield cultivation method of the embodiment of the present invention, the cotton high-yield cultivation method comprises the following steps:

Step 1, the row spacing of fruit trees in jujube-cotton intercropping adopts the fixed value mode of 1.5m×4m and 3m×4m;

Step 2. Before cotton sowing, in the middle and late March, the fruit trees were fertilized and irrigated for the first time, and autumn plowing and winter irrigation were implemented, and fertilization, land acquisition, and weeding were carried out before autumn plowing;

Step 3: Select high-quality seeds, start sowing from April 1st to April 5th, sowing depth 2-3cm, sowing rate 60-75kg/hm ² , plant 2-3 seeds in each hole, cover soil 1.0-1.5cm;

Step 4: When a true leaf appears, seedlings start to be settled, intertilled in time, and the plant height is controlled at 65-70 cm by using mepipebine 9, and the cotton is topdressed, irrigated, topped and flower harvested;

Step 5, preventing and controlling pests and diseases of spider mites, aphids, thrips and cotton bollworms in the jujube tree intercropping cotton farmland.

As an optimization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, the row spacing of fruit trees in jujube-cotton intercropping basically adopts the fixed value mode of 1.5m * 4m, 3m * 4m, and the jujube row both sides ditch and play the low ridge, and the jujube tree ditch The width is 80cm-100cm, the height of the ridge is 15cm, the distance between the jujube tree and the cotton in the side row is 80-100cm, the cotton between the jujube tree rows is 1.4m film, and 4 rows of cotton are planted in each film, and the cotton width and narrow row configuration [(30+40+30) +50cm]×12cm, two sheets of film can be laid between rows of jujube trees, 8 rows of cotton can be planted, and the number of plants per hectare is 222,000.

As an optimization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, the cotton between the rows of jujube trees can also adopt a wide film of 2.3m, and the cotton of a film is planted between the fruit trees, and one film has 8 rows, and the configuration is: [(15+45+15+50 +15+45+15)+30]cm×10cm, the number of plants per hectare is 30.8.

As an optimization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, in step 2, the depth of autumn plowing should be greater than 20cm, and winter irrigation should be done in time after plowing, and winter irrigation must be completed before October 20 for fruit trees; before plowing, apply more than 45 tons of farmyard manure, oil 750kg of slag, fertilization according to the soil test formula: 50%-60% of the total nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and all potassium fertilizer, that is, 300-450kg of urea, 300-375kg of diamine phosphate, and 75-120kg of potassium sulfate are used as base fertilizer for deep plowing. Fertilize the whole layer, spread the fertilizer evenly into the ground before plowing, and plow the soil deep mechanically, or apply it evenly with a deep fertilizer applicator or seed drill, and then plow more than 20cm deep.

As an optimization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, in step 2, 2250-2700 g/hm ² of Shitianbu or 48% trifluralin 1200-1800 g/hm ² with a content of 33% of cotton, and 50% Aceto Amine 1500-1800g/hm ² , mixed with 600-750kg of water and sprayed evenly, raked in time and mixed into the soil surface, sow the soil treated with trifluralin after 48 hours, and sow after other spraying, when spraying various chemicals Try to avoid fruit tree ditches and fruit tree trunks to prevent phytotoxicity to fruit trees.

As an optimization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, in step 3, high-quality fine seeds are selected, and the quality requirements of the seeds are that the purity is not less than 97%, the cleanliness is not less than 99%, the germination rate is not less than 85%, the moisture is less than 12%, healthy Coated seeds with a seed rate of not less than 95%, choose Zhongmian 49 or Xinlu Zhong 26; the soil temperature 5cm below the film can be sown when the soil temperature is stable and exceeds 12°C, the best sowing period is April 5-15, rain Finally, it is necessary to break the alkali shell in time to help the seedlings unearth. After the emergence of the seedlings, when the cotyledons turn from yellow to green, the seedlings should be broken in time according to the established spacing, and the stem openings of the cotton plants should be sealed tightly with soil. Replant in time with soaked cotton seeds.

As an optimization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, in step 4, intertill three times at the seedling stage, for the first time at the cotyledon stage, shallow plowing of 5-8cm; the second intertillage combined with fixed seedlings, the depth can reach 10cm; the third intertillage at the cotyledon stage Before budding, the depth reaches 15cm;

When the cotton seedlings have 4 leaves and one center, lightly adjust them with 7.5-15g/ ^hm2 of mepipebine; before watering, use 15-22.5g/ ^hm2 of mepipebine for chemical control to ensure the steady growth of cotton plants and reduce shedding and empty fruit branches; Before and after dihydration, use 45-75g/hm ² of metropic amine for chemical control, and immediately manually top when the number ^of fruit sets reaches 8-10. Chemical control, control the plant height at 65-70cm;

Topdressing, in late May, when the fruit trees are in the early stage of flowering, the second topdressing irrigation should be carried out, combined with fruit tree fertilization, spray foliar fertilizer 2-3 times, from mid-July to mid-August, spray on the foliage depending on the growth of cotton Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3-4 times, each time the dosage is 3-4kg/hm ² ; for the first time topdressing in the field, urea 150kg/hm ² can be applied before the head water, combined with deep irrigation with ditch irrigation, the second topdressing can be Depending on the growth of cotton, combine dihydration or trihydration, apply urea 75-120kg/hm ² , and the time shall not exceed July 15;

For irrigation, the first water of cotton is after mid-June, the second water of cotton is carried out separately 10 days after the first water, and the time of third water of cotton can be combined with the jujube tree at the same time according to the soil texture, weather, and the specific conditions of cotton growth, or it can be appropriately postponed and irrigated separately , from late August to early September according to the moisture content of cotton, increase irrigation 1-2 times, but the water must be stopped before the end of September;

The topping time is from July 5th to July 15th. After topping to the first ten days of August, the branches are pruned manually in time, old leaves are removed, and empty fruit branches are cut off;

Harvest the flowers in late September or early October. When harvesting, they must be picked, dried, transported, tied, and stored separately; the film is removed before the water is taken, and the residual film in the field is cleaned up after the flowers are collected. For disposal, do not place the residual film beside the canal to prevent secondary pollution.

As an optimization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, in step 5, the method of pest control is:

Scrape the bark in winter, scrape off all the cracked and warped bark on the trunk and backbone branches, and reduce the overwintering population density of red spider pests;

When the current cotyledons of cotton are unfolded, immediately use omethoate 1000 times liquid 450-600kg per hectare to spray to prevent cotton thrips;

Cotton aphid control: one is autumn plowing and winter irrigation; the other is intensive control of flowers and greenhouses in winter to eliminate the source of overwintering aphids and reduce the number of overwintering bases. The greenhouses are fumigated with dichlorvos preparations and aerosols, and flowers are buried with iron. Gram, carbofuran granule preparations, outdoor hosts such as pomegranate trees, Zanthoxylum bungeanum plants sprayed with omethoate, and aphid net agent control. The third is to investigate early, do a good job in the control of central plants and central tablets, and use omethoate in time if aphid plants are found. Apply the fruit systemic insecticide 1:5-10 times liquid to the stem. If a plant is found to have cotton aphid, it should be applied to the center of 1-2m ² . Aphids are controlled at the spotting stage;

For the control of cotton spider mites, remove weeds in cotton fields before winter, plow and prepare the land, and irrigate in winter to reduce the number of overwintering insects. Early spring control canals, forest belts, and fields can be used to control cotton fields when cotton spider mites occur. Coordinate the use of integrated methods of agricultural control, biological control and chemical control to eliminate cotton spider mites before the end of June and avoid cotton damage;

Cotton bollworm control is based on prevention, comprehensive prevention and control in a timely manner, implementing autumn plowing and winter irrigation, shoveling ridges to remove pupae, reducing the population base of overwintering insects, and planting 4-6 rows of corn trapping belts in cotton fields to lure cotton bollworms to lay eggs on corn , and carry out drug treatment in time to reduce the harm of cotton fields. Place frequency-vibrating insecticidal lamps in cotton fields. According to the forecast, turn on the lights at the early stage of moths to kill moths. According to the degree of harm of cotton bollworms, BT emulsion and Saidan can be used in rotation 2000 times Liquid and chrysanthemum chemicals are sprayed for control.

The application principle of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1, the high-yield cultivation method of cotton of the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

S101: The row spacing of fruit trees in jujube-cotton intercropping basically adopts the fixed value mode of 1.5m×4m and 3m×4m;

S102: Before cotton sowing, in the middle and late March, fruit trees are topdressed and irrigated for the first time, and autumn plowing and winter irrigation are implemented, and fertilization, land acquisition, and weeding are carried out before autumn plowing;

S103: Select high-quality seeds, start sowing from April 1st to April 5th, sowing depth 2-3cm, sowing rate 60-75kg/hm ² , plant 2-3 seeds in each hole, cover soil 1.0-1.5cm;

S104: When a true leaf appears, start to settle the seedlings, intertill in time, use mepipebine 9 to control the plant height at 65-70 cm, and perform topdressing, irrigation, topping and flower harvesting on cotton;

S105: Prevent and control pests and diseases of spider mites, aphids, thrips and cotton bollworms in jujube intercropped cotton fields.

Concrete steps of the present invention are:

In the first step, the row spacing of fruit trees for jujube-cotton intercropping basically adopts a fixed value model such as 1.5m×4m, 3m×4m, etc., ditching low ridges on both sides of jujube row, keeping the bottom of the ditch level, which is convenient for jujube tree irrigation, and jujube ditch is suitable The width is 80cm-100cm, the height of the ridge is 15cm, and the distance (spacing) between jujube trees and side row cotton is 80-100cm, which is beneficial to mechanical operation, does not affect the normal growth of jujube trees and cotton, and reduces the competition of roots for water and fertilizer. Films of different widths can be used, 1.4m film is used, and 4 rows of cotton are planted on each film. Cotton rows, the theoretical number of plants per hectare reaches 222,000, or a 2.3m wide film is used to plant a film of cotton between fruit trees, with 8 rows per film, and the configuration is: [(15+45+15+50+15+45 +15)+30]cm×10cm, the theoretical number of plants per hectare reaches 30.8;

The second step, pre-broadcast preparation

1. Autumn plowing and winter irrigation

The orchards of intercropping cotton need to implement autumn plowing and winter irrigation. The depth of autumn plowing should be more than 20cm. After plowing, winter irrigation must be completed in time. Fruit trees must complete winter irrigation before October 20. Prepare the land, do a good job of removing the residual film during the land preparation;

2. For the first irrigation of fruit trees in spring, in the middle and late March, the first topdressing irrigation (sprouting water) of fruit trees must be dug and irrigated along the ditch. It is not easy to perform too much spring irrigation, otherwise it will affect the subsequent cotton sowing. During the first irrigation of fruit trees, it is necessary to strictly prevent running water and flood irrigation, otherwise it will seriously affect the emergence and growth of cotton;

3. Apply enough base fertilizer

Apply more than 45 tons of farmyard manure and 750kg of oil residue per hectare before plowing, and fertilize according to the soil test formula: 50%-60% of the total available nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and all potassium fertilizers (ie urea 300-450kg, diamine phosphate 300-375kg , Potassium Sulfate 75-120kg) as base fertilizer for deep plowing, full-layer fertilization, before plowing, evenly sprinkle the fertilizer into the ground, mechanical deep plowing, or use a deep fertilizer applicator or drill machine to evenly apply it and then plow it deeply for more than 20cm. It is necessary not to harm the fruit trees, but also strive to improve the quality of soil preparation, so as to create conditions for one sowing of all seedlings;

4. Chemical weeding

Before sowing cotton, use 33% Shitianbu 2250-2700g/hm ² or 48% trifluralin 1200-1800g/hm ² , 50% acetochlor 1500-1800g/hm ² , mix 600-750kg of water and spray evenly , rake and mix it into the soil surface in time, sow the soil treated with trifluralin 48 hours later, and sow after other spraying. When spraying various chemicals, try to avoid fruit tree ditches and fruit tree trunks to prevent the production of pesticides on fruit trees. Harmful;

5. Soil preparation before sowing

Immediately harrow the plowed land to preserve moisture to prevent the evaporation of water in the plow layer, and the quality of land preparation before sowing reaches the standard of "moisture, broken, clean, loose, even, and flat";

The third step, sowing to emergence management

1. Seed selection and seed treatment

Select high-quality improved varieties, which are the basis for high yields. According to field experiments and production practices, you can choose compact, early-maturing, disease-resistant, shade-tolerant, high-yield varieties. The main suitable varieties are Zhongmian 49, Xinluzhong 26, and seed The quality requirements are coated seeds with purity ≥ 97%, clarity ≥ 99%, germination rate ≥ 85%, moisture content < 12%, and healthy seed rate ≥ 95%;

2. Sowing time

Seeds can be sown when the soil temperature of 5cm under the film is stable and passes 12°C. Generally, sowing starts from April 1st to April 5th. The best sowing period is from April 5th to April 15th. At this time, the fruit trees are in the budding stage. The weather conditions are suitable for sowing in advance to facilitate the early maturation of cotton, but attention should be paid to prevent disastrous weather in early spring;

3. Sowing quality

The sowing depth is 2-3cm, the sowing rate is 60-75kg/hm ² , 2-3 seeds are planted in each hole, and the covering soil is 1.0-1.5cm. The sowing depth must be consistent, the sowing row ends are straight, the row spacing is accurate, the seeds are evenly placed, and the covering soil is good. , The film is tightly pressed, and there is no missing sowing or hole leakage in the corners of the ground, and strive to achieve the goal of sowing all seedlings at once;

4. Help the seedlings unearthed, release the seedlings for replanting

After the rain, it is necessary to break the alkali shell in time to help the seedlings unearth. After the emergence of the cotyledons, when the cotyledons turn from yellow to green, the seedlings should be broken in time according to the established spacing, and the stem openings of the cotton plants should be sealed tightly with soil. When the seedlings are put out, check the germination and rotten seeds in time before the emergence of the seedlings. The rotten seed plots and 50cm lack of seedlings and broken ridges should be replanted with soaked cotton seeds in time to ensure full seedlings;

The fourth step, field management

1. Early seedling selection

Start seedlings when one true leaf appears, and end when there are two true leaves. Select large seedlings, strong seedlings, disease-free seedlings, and weak seedlings; cultivate the "neck protection soil" without leaving double plants, and the number of seedlings is 210,000-240,000 plants/ ^hm2 ;

2. Cultivation and weeding

Timely intertillage can increase temperature and moisture, promote early emergence of roots, improve seedling resistance, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Generally, intertillage should be performed more than three times at the seedling stage. up to 10cm; the third intertillage is before budding, and the depth reaches 15cm. At this time, the growth of the aboveground part is accelerated, and deep intertillage can promote rooting and control internodes;

3. Rationalized control

Under the condition of fruit-cotton intercropping, the internal ventilation of the cotton field is poor, the humidity is high, and the excessive growth of cotton is ^common . The whole process of chemical control should be carried out. , with 15-22.5g/ ^hm2 chemical control to ensure the steady growth of cotton plants, reduce shedding and empty fruit branches; before and after dihydration, use 45-75g/ ^hm2 chemical control, and the number of fruit sets will reach 8- When there are 10 sets, the topping is done manually immediately, and 8-10 days after topping, the chemical control is carried out with 90-120g/ ^hm2 of mepipebine. It is necessary to prevent the excessive dosage from affecting the elongation and boll formation of the top fruit branches, and the plant height is controlled at 65 -70cm;

4. Top dressing

The light and temperature conditions of the jujube-cotton intercropping field are worse than those of the single-cropping cotton field, and the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened accordingly. In late May, the fruit trees are in the early flowering stage, and the second topdressing irrigation (fertilization for flowering) should be carried out. At this time, the cotton is in the early budding stage. It can be combined with fruit tree fertilization and spray foliar fertilizer 2-3 times. For weaker cotton fields, the frequency can be increased appropriately. From mid-July to mid-August, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3-4 times on the leaves depending on the growth of cotton. , each dosage is 3-4kg/hm ² ;

For the first topdressing in the field, 150kg/hm ² of urea can be applied before the first water, combined with deep irrigation with furrow irrigation, and the second topdressing can be carried out depending on the growth of cotton and combined with di-water or three-water, urea 75-120kg/hm ² , time It is advisable not to exceed July 15;

5. Rational irrigation

Adhere to the principle of "no drought, no irrigation, small amount and multiple times, and keep the field moist". Intercropping cotton fields must take into account the water needs of jujube trees and cotton. Cotton head water is generally after mid-June, and jujube trees are in the blooming period. It has been irrigated twice, so the jujube trees should be irrigated in the jujube ditch before the cotton head is watered. The water is carried out alone about 10 days after the first water, and attention should be paid to prevent the water from running into the Zaoshu ditch. The time of cotton sanshui can be combined with the soil texture, weather, and the specific conditions of cotton growth at the same time as the jujube tree, or it can be appropriately postponed and watered separately. August From late to early September, increase irrigation 1-2 times according to the moisture content of cotton, but the water must be stopped before the end of September;

6. Topping

The topping time is from July 5th to July 15th, and the principle of "not waiting for the branches when the time comes, and not waiting for the branches to arrive" is to be followed. When the number of fruit sets reaches 8-10 sets, start topping immediately. Conditional Ineffective flower buds can also be removed. Before August 5th, the clusters of flowers are used as the boundary to reduce the useless flower buds. After topping to the first ten days of August, the branches are pruned manually in time, the old leaves are removed, and the empty fruit branches are cut off to promote ventilation and light transmission in the field to reduce the useless flower buds. Nutrient consumption ensures the nutritional needs for the growth of the middle and lower cotton bolls, increases boll weight, and promotes maturity;

7. Collect flowers

After the cotton bolls are fully cracked, the flowers are harvested in time. The flowers must be strictly graded. Harvesting begins in late September or early October.

Clear the residual film: Remove the film before taking the first water, clean up the residual film in the field after harvesting, and treat it centrally. Do not put the residual film beside the canal beside the field to prevent secondary pollution;

The fifth step, pest control

Some common pests and diseases in jujube tree intercropping cotton fields include spider mites, aphids, thrips, cotton bollworm, etc.

1. Scrape the bark in winter, scrape off all the cracked and warped skins on the trunk and backbone branches, and reduce the overwintering population density of spider mites and other pests;

2. Control of cotton thrips:

When the current cotyledons of cotton are unfolded, immediately spray 450-600kg per hectare with 1000 times omethoate solution to prevent cotton thrips. Spraying is strictly prohibited after May 10 to avoid harming natural enemies;

3. Cotton aphid control:

The first is autumn plowing and winter irrigation; the second is to focus on large-scale control of flowers and greenhouses in winter to eliminate the source of overwintering aphids and reduce the number of overwintering bases. The greenhouses are fumigated with dichlorvos preparations and aerosols. Granular preparations, outdoor hosts such as pomegranate trees, Zanthoxylum bungeanum and other plants are sprayed with omethoate, aphids and other pesticides for prevention and control. The third is to investigate early, do a good job in the control of central plants and central tablets, and if aphids are found, use omethoate in time. Systemic insecticide 1: 5-10 times of liquid coating stems, found a plant with cotton aphid, should be applied to the center 1-2m ² , use the method of "find a plant to treat a circle, find a little to treat a piece" method to control the spread , to control the cotton aphid at the spotting stage;

4. Prevention and control of cotton spider mite (red spider mite)

Remove weeds in cotton fields before winter, plow and prepare the land, and irrigate in winter to reduce the number of overwintering insects. Early spring canals, forest belts, and field edges should be controlled early. When cotton spider mites occur, cotton field control points and plants can be implemented, and agricultural control can be coordinated. , biological control and chemical control and other comprehensive control methods, and strive to eliminate cotton spider mites before the end of June to avoid cotton damage;

5. Control of cotton bollworm

Prevention is the priority, comprehensive control is timely control, autumn plowing and winter irrigation are implemented, shoveling ridges removes pupae, and the population base of overwintering insects is reduced. Plant 4-6 rows of corn trapping belts in cotton fields, preferably early-maturing varieties, to lure cotton bollworms to produce on corn. eggs, and timely carry out drug treatment to reduce the harm of cotton fields. Place frequency-vibrating insecticidal lamps in a certain proportion in cotton fields. Saidan 2000 times solution and chrysanthemum lipid chemical agents were used for spraying control.

Yield structure of the present invention and main character index are as shown in the following table:

Yield structure and main traits

The invention fully improves the land utilization rate, reduces the adverse effect of jujube trees on intercropping cotton, maintains and improves the yield of intercropping cotton,

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.

Claims (8)

1. a cultivation method for cotton yield, is characterized in that, the cultivation method of this cotton yield comprises the following steps:

Step 1, the fruit tree seeding row spacing of the cotton intercropping of jujube adopts the deterministic model of 1.5m * 4m, 3m * 4m;

Step 2, before sowing cotton seed, mid or late March, fruit tree is topdressed and pours water for the first time, carries out autumn ploughing winter irrigation, implements fertilising, expropriation of land, weeding before autumn ploughing;

Step 3, chooses high-quality breeding, and start broadcasting 1-April 5 April, seed level 2-3cm, the amount of broadcasting 60-75kg/hm ², every cave 2-3 grain of sowing, earthing 1.0-1.5cm;

Step 4, starts final singling while there is a slice true leaf, intertillage is in time used mepiquat chloride 9 to control plant height at 65-70cm, and cotton is topdressed, irrigates, pinched and receives flower;

Step 5, carries out the control of damage by disease and insect to the tetranychid in the farmland of jujube tree intercropping cotton, aphid, thrips, cotton bollworm.

2. the cultivation method of cotton yield as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step 1, the fruit tree seeding row spacing of the cotton intercropping of jujube adopts the deterministic model of 1.5m * 4m, 3m * 4m, the jujube tree row both sides low ridge of having ditched, jujube tree ditch width 80cm-100cm, the high 15cm in ridge, the distance 80-100cm of jujube tree and limit row cotton, jujube tree in the ranks cotton adopts 1.4m film, and every film is planted 4 row cottons, cotton wide-and narrow-row configuration [(30+40+30)+50cm] * 12cm, jujube tree can be laid two width films in the ranks, plantation 8 row cottons, and per hectare strain number is 22.2 ten thousand strains.

3. the cultivation method of cotton yield as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, jujube tree in the ranks cotton can also adopt the wide film of 2.3m, between fruit tree, plant the cotton of a width film, one film 8 row, be configured to: [(15+45+15+50+15+45+15)+30] cm * 10cm, per hectare strain number is 30.8 strains.

4. the cultivation method of cotton yield as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 2, Autumn deep ploughing should be greater than 20cm, winter irrigation in time after ploughing, and fruit tree will complete winter irrigation before October 20; Before starting the year's ploughing per hectare execute that 45 tons of farmyard manures are above, dregs of fat 750kg, according to fertilization compositions based on earth measurement: the 50%-60% of available nitrogenous fertilizer total amount, phosphate fertilizer and all potash fertilizer, be urea 300-450kg, phosphoric acid diamines 300-375kg, potassium sulfate 75-120kg, as base manure, plough deeply, carry out whole layer placement of fertilizer, before plough, fertilizer is sprinkled in ground, machinery is ploughed deeply, or more than ploughing deeply 20cm after evenly applying with deep fertilizer spraying machine or drilling machine.

5. the cultivation method of cotton yield as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 2,2250-2700g/hm is mended in the field of executing that is 33% with content before sowing cotton seed ²or 48% trefanocide 1200-1800g/hm ², 50% Acetochlor 1500-1800g/hm ², be watered 600-750kg spraying, harrow in time a kind of farm tools and sneak into upper soll layer, sow after during the soil 48h that processes with trefanocide.

6. the cultivation method of cotton yield as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step 3, select high-quality breeding, the quality requirement of seed is that purity is not less than 97%, cleanliness is not less than 99%, germination rate is not less than 85%, moisture is less than 12%, good seed rate is not less than 95% capsuled seed, choose middle cotton 49 or new land in 26; When under film, 5cm soil temperature is stablized by 12 ℃, can sow, best 5 days-April 15 April in sowing time, after rain, to break alkali shell and help seedling to be unearthed, after emerging when cotyledon turns green by Huang, cotton plant stem aperture is tight with grave, rotten kind of plot and 50cm is short of seedling, reseed in time with soaked cotton seed on disconnected ridge.

7. the cultivation method of cotton yield as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 4, intertill seedling stage three times, and for the first time at cotyledon period, shallow plowing 5-8cm; Intertill for the second time in conjunction with final singling degree of depth 10cm; Intertill for the third time before buddingging degree of depth 15cm;

Cotton seedling 4 leaves wholeheartedly time, are used mepiquat chloride 7.5-15g/hm ²light tune; Before water, use mepiquat chloride 15-22.5g/hm ²change control, assurance cotton plant is steadily and surely grown, and reduces and comes off and empty fruit branch; Before and after two water, use mepiquat chloride 45-75g/hm ²change control, when fruit number of units reaches 8-10 platform, manually pinch, 8-10 days after pinching, uses mepiquat chloride 90-120g/hm ²change control, plant height is controlled to 65-70cm;

Topdress, late May, fruit tree, in blooming early stage, should be topdressed and pour water for the second time, in conjunction with applying fruit trees with fertilizer simultaneously, sprays foliage fertilizer 2-3 time, and mid-July is to mid-August, visual Cotton growth foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3-4 time, and consumption is every 3-4kg/hm at every turn ²; Topdress and can before a water, execute urea 150kg/hm for the first time in field ², in conjunction with the deep placement of pouring water of ditching, secondary imposes visual Cotton growth to carry out in conjunction with two water or three water, executes urea 75-120kg/hm ², the time is no more than July 15;

Irrigate, a cotton water is after mid-June, cotton two water carry out separately for 10 days after a water, the three water times of cotton can carry out in conjunction with the soil texture, weather, Cotton growth concrete condition and jujube tree simultaneously, or delay separately and pour water, late August to early September increases and pours water for 1-2 time according to cotton soil moisture content, but must cut off the water by the end of September;

Topping Time is to finish before 5-July 15 July, and after pinching, to early August, artificial pruning in time, beats Lao Ye, wipes out sky fruit branch;

Receive flower and start to gather in late September or early October, the Shi Yaofen that gathers plucks, divides solarization, partite transport, minute bundle, minute storage; Take to take off film before a water, receipts are picked up clean residual film on the field after spending, and focus on, and residual film are not placed on by the lateral of field, prevent secondary pollution.

8. the cultivation method of cotton yield as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 5, the method for the extermination of disease and insect pest is:

Scrape bark winter, by the bark on trunk and skeleton branch, stick up skin and all wipe off, force down the insect density of surviving the winter of two spotted spider mite insect;

When the existing cotyledon of cotton launches, use immediately 1000 times of liquid per hectare 450-600kg of flolimat, spray medicine in case cotton thrips;

Cotten aphid control: the one, autumn ploughing winter irrigation; The 2nd, concentrate flowers, green house are prevented and treated on a large scale winter, the elimination aphid source of surviving the winter, reduce hibernating base, green house carries out medicament fumigating with dichlorvos preparation and aerosol, flowers buriing iron goes out gram, Furadan granular preparation, outdoor host is as pomegranate tree, Chinese pricklyash plant-spraying flolimat, the clean chemical control of aphid lice, the 3rd, early investigation, carry out center strain, centre slice control, find aphid strain, with 1:5-10 times of liquid stem brush of flolimat systemic insecticide, find that a strain has cotten aphid in time, be applied to center 1-2m ², with discovery one strain, control a circle, find a bit to control a slice control diffusion, cotten aphid is controlled to the spot film stage;

The control of cotton tetranychid, before winter, removed weed in cotton field, turn over wholely, irrigate winter, to reduce the worm amount of surviving the winter, early spring, channel, forest belt, edge of a field rand were were early prevented and treated, practicable cotton field control point, control strain when cotton tetranychid occurs, coordinate to use cultural control, biological control and chemical control method for integrated control, cotton spider mites is eliminated before by the end of June, avoid cotton to be injured;

Cotton bollworm control, to put prevention first, integrated control prevents and treats in time, carry out autumn ploughing winter irrigation, the insect population radix of surviving the winter, except pupa, is forced down in the shovel ridge, at the capable cotton field of cotton field plantation 4-6, lure collection cotton bollworm to lay eggs on corn, and carry out in time drug treating, to reduce cotton field harm, in cotton field, settle frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, according to prediction, the moth appearance initial stage moth of going out of regularly turning on light, according to the cotton bollworm extent of injury, can rotation use the control of spraying of BT emulsion, match red 2000 times of liquid, chrysanthemum lipid chemical agents.