CN104041404A - Hybrid seed production and cultivation method for broccolis shaped like Chinese character 'Tian' - Google Patents
Hybrid seed production and cultivation method for broccolis shaped like Chinese character 'Tian' Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid seed production and cultivation method for broccolis shaped like Chinese character 'Tian'. The hybrid seed production and cultivation method comprises the following steps: sowing, raising seedlings, carrying out soil preparation, bedding, planting, managing fertilizers and water, and carrying out pollination assisted by bees. According to the hybrid seed production and cultivation method, a field planting manner of parents is changed so that planting strain number of female parents in the unit area can be increased as far as possible; the female parents are planted at the periphery of male parents, the pollination distance of the parents is shortened and the hybrid pollination possibility is obviously increased, so that the yield of hybrid seeds of the broccolis is obviously increased and the quality of the hybrid seeds of the broccolis is obviously improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of broccoli mating system, especially a kind of method that improves broccoli hybrid seed production yields and quality, belongs to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Broccoli (B rassica oleracea L.var.italica) has another name called broccoli, broccoli, stem cabbage etc., that Cruciferae rape belongs to one, the two raw herbaceous plant taking green bouquet as product organ in brassica specie, its green bouquet taking stem and the formation of side shoot top is as product, nutritious, color tool is good, is the international market special vegetables of a kind of name in very great demand.Broccoli is not long at China's cultivation history, but development is very fast, and particularly, along with the understanding of the raising of people's living standard and nutritive value, health-care efficacy etc. to broccoli, the demand of broccoli consumption market at home must be doubled and redoubled from now on.
Producing at present the upper good broccoli kind using is half-blood entirely, is mainly to utilize the male sterile line production of hybrid seeds and produce the broccoli first generation of hybrid.For improving broccoli hybrid seed quantity and quality, generally in the time of preparing hybrid kind, Parent is pressed 1:2-3 field planting, be that male parent is arranged in field planting one, field planting two arrange or 3 rows maternal (if paternal pollen amount is large, generally arrange with regard to field planting 3), increase so as far as possible maternal strain number, increase the yield per unit area.Meanwhile, people also sum up some comprehensive behaves by continuous research, mainly comprise: parents' florescence regulates, good water and fertilizer condition, standardized administration, florescence honeybee supplementary pollination and the florescence root outside foliar spray in field are executed phosphorus, potassium, boron, zinc fertilizer etc., improves broccoli hybrid seed production yields and quality.
For further improving broccoli hybrid seeding yield per unit area and quality, the author's research sums up this method, facts have proved, by the application of sphere of movements for the elephants type broccoli hybrid seeding cultivation method, not only realize the surrounding field planting female parent of male parent, the distance of pollinating between shortening Parent, and, increase the maternal field planting strain of unit are number, thereby reach further raising broccoli hybrid seed production yields and quality object.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: adopt an effective measure, not only realize the surrounding field planting female parent of male parent, the distance of pollinating between shortening Parent, and, increase the maternal field planting strain of unit are number, thereby propose a kind of simple, method that can significantly improve broccoli hybrid seed production yields and quality.
In order to reach above object, one of the present invention " field " font broccoli hybrid seeding cultivation method comprises following basic step:
Step 1, seeding and seedling raising: early September is coiled seeding and seedling raising by female parent and the male parent of cultivating broccoli crossbreed with cave;
Step 2, the bedding of whole ground: more than seed farm will exceed 1500m with the isolation distance of other cole vegetables seed farm.Apply base manure, after being mixed with soil, work connects the high furrow of 1.8 meters wide, ditch.
Step 3, field planting: early October, by maternal the broccoli that brings out and male parent Seeding planting to hybrid seeding Tanaka, every furrow field planting 3 row, middle row by Parent 1:1 every a field planting, furrow both sides each field planting a line female parent;
Step 4, late Febuary in next year be to early March, selects fine day to slice off in the middle of bouquet, stays bouquet periphery 2-3 little bouquet, and tangent plane will tilt, smooth, cuts to smear in time diseases prevention medicine afterwards, in case wound ponding rots;
Step 5, take out while growing to 20～30cm when spray, dredge and remove the sick and weak thin short branch of a part, the bad side shoot occurring with cauline leaf midaxilla of flower bud development also removes in time, and built fixes, to prevent lodging, to fracture;
Step 6, before blooming 4～10 days, impose foliage fertilizer one time, and described fertilizer is every mu and sprays 1% urea liquid and add 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and add 30～50 kilograms of 0.1% borax mixed liquors;
Step 7, treat blue and white colza strain flowering stage, foliage-spray (also contains 0.1～0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.1～0.3% borax 2-3 time containing the aqueous solution of 0.5%-1% honey in solution, be preferably 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.2% borax), in spontaneous pollination, put the auxiliary pollination of ten thousand of 2 casees 5-7 (approximately 30,000, every case) honeybee by every mu;
Step 8, after the blue and white colza strain florescence finishes, pull out the male parent in field, in the time of kind of a pod flavescence, seed browning, gather and in time airing threshing.
Base manure described in above-mentioned steps (two) is every mu and applies Chicken dung or pig manure 2000～3500kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N:P:K is 15:15:15) 50～100kg; Be preferably every mu and apply Chicken dung 3000kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 70kg, the ratio of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N:P:K is 15:15:15.
Applicant finds through production practices, by changing Parent field mode of planting, not only increase as far as possible the maternal field planting strain of unit are number, and, the field planting of male parent surrounding female parent, shorten the distance of pollinating between Parent, significantly increase hybridization pollination probability, (if Parent is pressed 1:3 field planting, and the maternal Pollination Effect of a middle row is undesirable), thereby obviously improve broccoli hybrid seed production yields and quality.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, thereby so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier to be it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, protection scope of the present invention is made to more explicit defining.
Experimental group
Within 2012, carry out auspicious blue or green No. 8 hybrid seedings, auspicious blue or green be for No. 8 taking broccoli cytoplasmic male sterile line CMSO34 as maternal, the combination of preparing for male parent with good broccoli inbred line 038.Totally 5 mu, hybrid seeding field, exceedes 1500m with the isolation distance of other cole vegetables seed farm.The unified fertilising in 5 mu of fields, divide equally 3 after bedding, implement respectively experimental group and two control groups carry out field planting.
1) adopted 128 hole plastics cave dish sowings on September 5, the matrix of dress cave dish adopts the Dutch Pin Shi vegetables special nutrient soil of buying, first the cave dish that installs matrix is watered permeable, punch again, hole depth 0.5cm left and right, 1 seed is broadcast in every hole, cover again Nutrition Soil, and strike off, finally water in right amount, keep Nutrition Soil moistening.Qi Miaohou ventilates in time, prevents high pin seedling, waters in right amount, keeps ground moistening, makes growth of seedling consistent, strengthens the extermination of disease and insect pest.
2) September 20 turns over and suns the earth which has been ploughed up in field planting field, executes and amounts to 667m
2execute Chicken dung 3000kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N:P:K15:15:15) 70kg makes base manure.The furrow of the furrow width 1.8m of the company of making after cultivated flat rake is thin, ditch depth 20～30cm.Then build unregistered land film.
3) October 6, when 6 true leaf left and right of seedling tool, by two parents' Seeding planting, first in the middle of every furrow, be about to Parent by 1:1 every a field planting, and then at every furrow both sides each field planting a line female parent, spacing in the rows 45cm.After cultivation, connect and water water twice, guarantee plant work, it is tight that work has been covered pressure with soil by planting pit later, both kept humidity in mulch film, prevents that again strong wind from blowing mulch film open.
4) February 26 next year, select fine day scraper to slice off in the middle of bouquet, stay bouquet periphery 2-3 little bouquet, cut after ball with lime sulfur smear in time otch diseases prevention, anti-wound rots;
5) cut after ball, every 667 ㎡ can impose composite fertilizer's (N:P:K is 15:15:15) 15kg, burrow and spread manuer in holes.
6) when spray is taken out while growing to 20～30cm, dredge the sick and weak thin short branch of a part, the bad side shoot with the generation of cauline leaf midaxilla of flower bud development will remove in time, plant bottom Lao Ye, sick leaf are removed totally simultaneously, and add 700 times of liquid of 40% flolimat with 600 times of liquid of 80% mancozeb and spray prevention and elimination of disease and pests 1 time.A bamboo bar is inserted in every strain, to prevent lodging, to fracture;
7) in April 3, April 12 broccoli flowering stage, respectively carry out spray leaf fertilizer one time, wherein add 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2% borax and 0.8% honey.Every 667 ㎡ of florescence are put 2 casees honeybees (approximately 60,000) supplementary pollination, and the florescence is forbidden pesticide.
8) after blooming May 5 and finishing, pull out in time male parent, water water one time, and add 1000 times of prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 70% menazon wetting powder 1 time with 50% Sukeling wetting powder.May 11 and May 18 are carried out the field extermination of disease and insect pest once again.June 7, when the jaundice of Some Species pod, gathered in the crops when dew is not dry in morning in batches.The seed drying after threshing is placed on to the flat upper airing of bamboo simultaneously.
Control group
Equally with auspicious blue or green No. 8 at hybrid seeding in 2012.From sowing, to do furrow, field management etc. just the same with experimental group in fertilising, it is variant that difference is exactly Parent mode of planting, experimental group is pressed sphere of movements for the elephants type field planting Parent.Control group, presses Parent respectively 1:2 (control group 1) and 1:3 (control group 2) interlacing field planting.Finally after results, carry out surveying product relatively respectively.
Can find out from table one, experimental group is compared with control group 1 (Parent is pressed 1:2 field planting), although every strain is born pods, number and every pod are set seeds number less, and the maternal strain numbers of every 667 ㎡ are wanted many more than 340 strains, and therefore output is still apparently higher than control group 1, and volume increase reaches 19.2%.Experimental group is compared with control group 2 (Parent is pressed 1:3 field planting), and not only every strain number and every pod number of setting seeds that bears pods is slightly many, and the maternal strain numbers of every 667 ㎡ want many more than 180 strains, and therefore the comparable control group 2 of output increases production and reaches 10.3%.Therefore, adopt after method of the present invention, can obtain comparatively significant effect of increasing production, and method is simple, need not increase what cost, practical.
The hybrid seed quality that table one experimental group and control group are gathered and output comparison
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or conversion of equivalent flow process that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. " field " a font broccoli hybrid seeding cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprises following basic step:
(1) seeding and seedling raising: early September is coiled seeding and seedling raising by female parent and the male parent of cultivating broccoli crossbreed with cave;
(2) whole ground bedding: seed farm will exceed 1500m with the isolation distance of other cole vegetables seed farm, applies base manure, after being mixed with soil, work connects the high furrow of 1.8 meters wide, ditch;
(3) field planting: early October, by maternal the broccoli that brings out and male parent Seeding planting to hybrid seeding Tanaka, every furrow field planting 3 row, middle row by Parent 1:1 every a field planting, furrow both sides each field planting a line female parent;
(4) late Febuary in next year is to early March, selects fine day to slice off in the middle of bouquet, stays bouquet periphery 2-3 little bouquet, and tangent plane will tilt, smooth, cuts to smear in time diseases prevention medicine afterwards, in case wound ponding rots;
(5) take out while growing to 20～30cm when spray, dredge and remove the sick and weak thin short branch of a part, the bad side shoot occurring with cauline leaf midaxilla of flower bud development also removes in time, and built fixes, to prevent lodging, to fracture;
(6) before blooming 4～10 days, impose foliage fertilizer one time, described fertilizer is every mu and sprays containing 30～50 kilograms of the borax mixed liquors of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 1% urea liquid and 0.3% and 0.1%;
(7) treat blue and white colza strain flowering stage, foliage-spray, containing the aqueous solution of 0.5%-1% honey 2～3 times, is put the auxiliary pollination of 2 casees honeybees by every mu in spontaneous pollination;
(8) after the blue and white colza strain florescence finishes, pull out the male parent in field, in the time of kind of a pod flavescence, seed browning, gather and airing threshing in time.
2. " " font broccoli hybrid seeding cultivation method, is characterized in that one as claimed in claim 1, and the base manure described in step (two) is every mu and applies Chicken dung or pig manure 2000～3500kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50～100kg in field.
3. one as claimed in claim 1 or 2 " field " font broccoli hybrid seeding cultivation method, it is characterized in that, described base manure is every mu and applies Chicken dung 3000kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 70kg, and the ratio of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N:P:K is 15:15:15.
4. " " font broccoli hybrid seeding cultivation method, is characterized in that one as claimed in claim 1, also contains 0.1～0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.1～0.3% borax in the aqueous solution described in step (seven) in field.
5. " " font broccoli hybrid seeding cultivation method, is characterized in that the one as described in claim 1 or 4, also contains 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.2% borax in the aqueous solution described in step (seven) in field.
6. " " font broccoli hybrid seeding cultivation method, is characterized in that one as claimed in claim 1, and the honeybee described in step (seven) is that every case contains honeybee 2.5～3.5 ten thousand, and every mu of required honeybee is 5～70,000 in field.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN104885734A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-09-09 | 镇江鑫源达园艺科技有限公司 | Curd cutting method for reducing rotting of broccoli breeding plantlets |
| CN104885900A (en) * | 2014-03-08 | 2015-09-09 | 昆明亚约燊农业科技开发有限公司 | Cultivation method for hybrid improved-variety cauliflower |
| CN105052490A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-11-18 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for improving seed production setting rate of turnip cabbages |
| CN109122115A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2019-01-04 | 仁怀市凯浩种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods improving balling violet cabbage hybrid seed yield |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN105052490A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-11-18 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for improving seed production setting rate of turnip cabbages |
| CN109122115A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2019-01-04 | 仁怀市凯浩种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods improving balling violet cabbage hybrid seed yield |
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