CN102511333B - Root-limiting direct-sowing tobacco seedling tray and root-limiting direct-sowing tobacco seedling raising method - Google Patents
Root-limiting direct-sowing tobacco seedling tray and root-limiting direct-sowing tobacco seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102511333B CN102511333B CN 201110422528 CN201110422528A CN102511333B CN 102511333 B CN102511333 B CN 102511333B CN 201110422528 CN201110422528 CN 201110422528 CN 201110422528 A CN201110422528 A CN 201110422528A CN 102511333 B CN102511333 B CN 102511333B
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Abstract
A root-limiting direct-sowing tobacco seedling tray and a root-limiting direct-sowing tobacco seedling raising method belong to the field of plant cultivation. The seedling tray comprises a tray body, a plurality of seedling cells are evenly distributed on the tray body, each seedling cell is in the shape of an inverted cone, and a water control hole is reserved on the lower middle of the lateral conical side of each seedling cell. The root-limiting direct-sowing tobacco seedling raising method includes direct sowing with the tray, separating the seedling tray from seedbed soil, applying controlled release fertilizer once, and supply atomized water to the upper portion of the seedling tray. The method used with chemical and intermittent water supply and seedling exercising techniques has the advantages that leaf trimming frequency in seedling raising is reduced, down-penetration of root systems is controlled, the length of main roots is increased, amount of adventitious roots is reduced, damage of tobacco seedlings in transplant is reduced, possibility of invasion of rhizome pathogens is lowered, intone resultant of the transplanted tobacco is lowered, and production quality and harmony of internal chemical compositions of tobacco leaves are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to grow tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling dish and a seedling-cultivating method, belong to the plant cultivation field.
Background technology
In recent years, the multiple tobacco rhizome class disease morbidities such as most of cigarette district bacterial wilt, balck shank, the black corruption of root are heavier, and on the rise; Simultaneously, former cigarette after part cigarette district is roasting, particularly the upper leaf nicotine content is too high, and sugared alkali is than inharmonious, and the cigarette compatibility is relatively poor, and the industrial utilization rate is lower.Studies show that, group invaded between an early stage most of tubers pathogen transplanting extremely, and infection way is most of to be that wound is invaded; Nicotine mainly synthesizes the root cap in root system, and nicotine content is directly proportional with the quantity of adventive root, and adventive root quantity is more, and nicotine is synthetic more.
Comprise disk body such as Fig. 2, common live seedling-cultivating tray, be evenly equipped with a plurality of caves of growing seedlings on this disk body, be provided with bottom outlet in the bottom in the cave of growing seedlings.Common tray seedling growth is subjected to the factor affecting such as female bed, water supply, fertilizer, prick in grow seedlings furrow soil or floating pool under the most of axial root system of cigarette seedling, root system is less in the seedling-cultivating tray, and the outer axial root system of seedling-cultivating tray fractures during transplanting, and the root system damage is serious, cigarette seedling self disease resistance is poor after transplanting, various tubers pathogen root systems are invaded through wound, and the tubers disease was concentrated outburst after environmental condition was fit to, simultaneously, cigarette seedling main root will produce a large amount of adventive root after cutting off, and increase the nicotine synthetic amount.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists and grow tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling dish and a seedling-cultivating method is provided, this seedling-cultivating tray and seedling-cultivating method combination, can control under the root system and prick, increase main root length, reduce adventive root quantity, reduce cigarette seedling damage when transplanting, reduce tubers pathogen infection chance, and improve quality of tobacco.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical problem takes: this tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling dish, comprise disk body, and be evenly equipped with a plurality of caves of growing seedlings on the described disk body, it is characterized in that, the described cave of growing seedlings is back taper, the upper water control hole that is provided with on the lower side of the sidepiece conical surface.
Described seedling-cultivating tray is that polystyrene processes.
Utilize above-mentioned seedling-cultivating tray to carry out tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling method, the steps include:
1, the grow seedlings selection in place
The place of growing seedlings should be chosen in that leeward on the sunny side physical features is smooth, has a good transport service, and near source of clean water, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and subterranean water level is low, and is pollution-free all around; The site requirements of growing seedlings is not planted the place of growing seedlings of Solanaceae and crop in cruciferae more than 2 years;
Seedling raising greenhouse and female nursery bed disinfection: harrow loose seedbed table soil, about soil moisture 60%-70%, evenly water beauteously with this of 60 times and to spill in the soil table, medication is 50ml/ ㎡, and 10 days loose medicines of rear venting of airtight booth will be harrowed the pine table native 2 times-3 times simultaneously;
2, the grow seedlings preparation of goods and materials
The preparation of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating goods and materials mainly comprises seedling medium, seedling-cultivating tray, plastic film, shed, coating controlled-release fertilizer and seed;
(1) seedling-cultivating tray is that polystyrene processes, and certain mechanical strength is arranged; Specification is 60cm * 33cm, and 100 hole/dishes are back taper, and bore is 4.5cm approximately, high 5cm, the upper water control hole that is provided with on the lower side of the sidepiece conical surface;
(2) seedling medium, it is to be mixed by a certain percentage by commodity seedling medium and fresh pollution-free cinnamon soil or loess to form, bright soil is with after the sieve of aperture 1-1.5 millimeter bright native and commodity seedling medium being mixed in 3～4:6～7 ratios;
The thick matrix of every 5cm, with 80 times this beauteously solution evenly water more than the 30cm, sealing is stifling more than 10 days, loose poison is dried in scarifying;
(3) coating controlled-release fertilizer, for the controlled release time is individual month resin coated controlled release fertilizer of 3-5, wherein, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 13:13:13, all executes in each cave according to every dish 20-40 gram consumption;
(4) water must use untainted running water or edible well water as water for larval nursing, bans use of swag water;
(5) seed adopts the tobacco Pelleted Germinating Seeds of buying then;
3, sowing: sowing time was than early 5-7 days conventional seedbed system sowing time; After the seedling dish installed matrix and Controlled Release Fertilizer, 1-2 grain seed was broadcast with pressing the cave device to press 0.3-0.5 centimetre kind cave in the cave of growing seedlings in each seedling-cultivating tray in each cave, need not to cover matrix above the seed;
4, plastic film mulch, balance: lay one deck mulch film or two layers of mulch film at the smooth furrow face of arrangement, the balance while laying, lay the requirement of front ground smooth, without native stone;
5, water: after balance is finished, supply water with spraying facility, open fire occurs the cave planted agent that grows seedlings, guarantee the capsuled seed cracking, improve emergence rate;
6, epiphragma, take off film: after the complete cracking of capsuled seed, seedling-cultivating tray top covers one deck mulch film, wants compacting around the mulch film; After planting 7-10 days seeds rear film of in time taking off that sprouts will in time be sprayed water after taking off film, guarantees that matrix has adequate water to guarantee that the cigarette seedling stretches root and emerge, and takes off the film choose opportunities and will determine according to seedling disk base material water content;
7, water management
Emerge to the little cross phase: when fine, sprayed once in 1-2 days, but spraying in overcast and rainy 2-3 days once;
Little cross is to cigarette seedling envelope dish: when fine, supply water once every day, can use this period the lower water injector of fogging degree to water;
The envelope dish is to becoming seedling stage: want intermittent water application this period, and upper-controlling-lower-promoting promotes the growth of cigarette shoot root system, forms flourishing root system, sprays water once in general 2-3 days, and the degree of control water noon slight the wilting occurs with the cigarette seedling, and the morning and evening can revert to suitable;
8, temperature treatment
Temperature of shed is controlled at 20 ℃～28 ℃; Emerge to the little cross phase, take insulation as main;
Temperature of shed is lower than 15 ℃, should in time take Insulation; And be higher than 30 ℃, should be in time aeration-cooling; Afternoon timely epiphragma;
From the little cross phase to seedling, temperature is higher than 35 ℃, then should in time adopt cooling measure;
9, thinning and final singling: seedling, final singling during the little cross, guarantee every cave one seedling, the cigarette seedling is even;
10, control seedling and hardening: every 9-12, spray 1000 times of 5% uniconazole P wetting powder behind the cigarette seedling envelope dish, the longitudinal growth of control cigarette seedling promotes the cane cross growth; Transplant and began to take hardening in front 7 days-10 days;
11, strong sprout standard: height of seedling 9-12 centimetre, the high 5-8 of stem centimetre, cane is sturdy, is rich in toughness, not frangibility; The leaf look just green, without damage by disease and insect, and true leaf 6-9 sheet, lateral root is flourishing, the population growth neat and consistent, seedling age is about 55～65 days, and the single-deck planting percent reaches more than 95%.
In addition, should also be noted that:
The seedling-cultivating tray sterilization: except new building, raising tray need be sterilized before use.Spray drenched seedling dish with the formalin solution of 1%-2% or 15% liquor natrii hypochloritis, the stifling 24h of sealing cleans with clear water.
Hand and equipment disinfection: in interior operating process, hand and instrument are with 5% suds washing and sterilizing 5min in sowing and thinning.
Do booth, field health well: no smoking in the seedling raising greenhouse and the idler comes in and goes out; Farming operates diseased plant behind the first healthy tree, thinning, heel in, cut root, leaf-cutting is carried out without dew the time, prevents cross-infection; The sick seedling in seedbed and on every side 10cm cigarette seedling taken out of destruction by thinning or fragment; Strengthen seedbed management, cut weeds, in time ventilate the control temperature.
The seedbed pest control:
The canopy both sides increase by 20 order fly nets, prevent that aphid from slipping into, the imidacloprid wp pulvis with 10% or 3000 times of solution reagent spray seedbeds and surrounding environment; Soil insect: with 90% trichlorphon period poison bait processed or 1000 times of solution sprays;
Damping off: mainly in " cross phase " front generation, the 25% metalaxyl solution that foliage-spray is 800 times-1000 times;
Anthracnose: whole seedbed phase, 800 times-1000 times of 50% mancozebs or 50% Tuzet solution, foliar spray 2 times-3 times;
Balck shank: approach into the generation in seedling stage; 500 times of solution foliar sprays of 72% metalaxyl-mn-zn 1 time-2 times.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, because the cave of growing seedlings is back taper, the upper water control hole that is provided with on the lower side of the sidepiece conical surface, by control required moisture in control seedling stage and seedling management thereof, prick under the control root system, increase main root length, reduce adventive root quantity, reduce cigarette seedling damage when transplanting, reduce tubers pathogen infection chance, simultaneously, reduce and plant rear nicotine synthetic amount, improve the harmony of tobacco production and value and inherent chemical composition.
2, the present invention is by the water supply that atomizes of live, the raising tray of pallet and nursery soil isolation, Controlled Release Fertilizer single fertilization, seedling-cultivating tray top, in conjunction with chemistry and intermittent water application hardening technology, reduce the leaf-cutting number of times, prick under the control root system, increase main root length, reduce adventive root quantity, reduce cigarette seedling damage when transplanting, reduce tubers pathogen infection chance, simultaneously, reduce and plant rear nicotine synthetic amount, improve the harmony of tobacco production and value and inherent chemical composition.
3, tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling technology is according to cigarette seedling geotropism, to fertilizer, hydrotropism's principle, plastic film is laid on top, seedbed, the coating Intelligent controlled release that uses release profiles and time and each vegetative stage of cigarette seedling in the tobacco seedling pallet and match breeding time is fertile, only need spray clear water whole seedling stage, need not to topdress, adopt seedling-cultivating tray top atomizing way of supplying water, guarantee to have in the pallet sufficient nutrition and moisture for seed germination and tobacco seedling growth, spray plant growth regulator and intermittent water application hardening technology behind the cigarette seedling envelope dish, upper-controlling-lower-promoting, reduce the leaf-cutting number of times, adjust root/shoot ratio, cultivate anosis nothing and hinder strong sprout.
4, this Technology Integration floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco, flue-cured tobacco tray seedling growth heeling in technology and moistening seedling growing process, seedling plot of land surface evenness is required lower, only need spray clear water whole breeding time, need not to topdress, effectively avoid the seedling medium salt marsh, cigarette shoot root system is flourishing, cane is sturdy, plants rear without seedling-slowing stage.
5, the present invention is actual in conjunction with tobacco seedling, proposes first the tobacco seedling root-limiting cultivating theoretical, has certain frontier nature and novelty.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the implementation result schematic diagram in the present invention (the single cave of growing seedlings);
Fig. 2 is the implementation result schematic diagram in prior art (the single cave of growing seedlings).
Among the figure: 1 disk body, 2 caves of growing seedlings, 3 water control holes.
Fig. 3 is the inventive method and the conventional method root system relatively of growing seedlings;
Fig. 4 is the inventive method and the conventional method root system relatively two of growing seedlings.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1.This tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling dish comprises disk body 1, is evenly equipped with a plurality of caves 2 of growing seedlings on the described disk body 1, and the described cave of growing seedlings is back taper, the upper water control hole 3 that is provided with on the lower side of the sidepiece conical surface.
Fig. 1 compares with Fig. 2.The most of root system of Fig. 1 concentrates in the cave of growing seedlings, and well developed root system, is solid netted root system.Root system is less in Fig. 2 seedling-cultivating tray, pricks seedling bed under most of axial root system, and the outer axial root system of seedling-cultivating tray fractures during transplanting, and cutting off during transplanting increases tubers disease infection chance.
Utilize above-mentioned seedling-cultivating tray to carry out tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling method, the steps include:
1, the grow seedlings selection in place
The place of growing seedlings should be chosen in that leeward on the sunny side physical features is smooth, has a good transport service, and near source of clean water, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and subterranean water level is low, and is pollution-free all around.Power supply is sufficient, and landform is open, is convenient to the Criterion shed group that grows seedlings.The site requirements of growing seedlings is not planted Solanaceae and crop in cruciferae more than 2 years be the nursery place of growing seedlings of doing.
2, the grow seedlings preparation of goods and materials
The preparation of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating goods and materials mainly comprises the preparation of seedling medium, seedling-cultivating tray, plastic film, shed, coating controlled-release fertilizer, seed, manpower etc.
(1) seedling-cultivating tray is that polystyrene processes, and characteristics are that quality is light, and texture and cigarette seedling are corrosion-resistant, and certain mechanical strength is arranged.Specification is 60cm * 33cm, and 100 hole/dishes are back taper, and bore is 4.5cm approximately, high 5cm.
(2) seedling medium, it is to be mixed by a certain percentage by commodity seedling medium and local fresh pollution-free cinnamon soil or loess to form, wherein the commodity seedling medium requires that quality is light, easily suction, but not poor water, without putrefaction have no side effect.
(3) coated release-controlled fat, the controlled release time is 3-5 month resin coated controlled release fertilizer.Nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is about 13:13:13.
(4) water must use untainted running water or edible well water as water for larval nursing, bans use of swag water.
(5) seed, the unified tobacco Pelleted Germinating Seeds of buying then that adopts.
3, substrate preparation: get fresh clean yellow soil, with after the sieve of aperture 1-1.5 millimeter bright soil and commodity seedling medium being mixed by a certain percentage, mixed ratio is generally 3:7 or 4:6.
4, Controlled Release Fertilizer uses: according to every dish 20-40 gram (0.2-0.4 gram/cave) consumption, per 50 dishes mix with the matrix for preparing for the unit, and sabot gets final product.Requirement fully during sabot, even, tightness is moderate, and matrix is filled naturally in the cave, crosses the quantity of emerging that pine or tension all can affect the cigarette seedling.
5, sowing: according to weather conditions and rationally definite sowing time of transfer phase, sowing time was than early 5-7 days conventional seedbed system sowing time.After the seedling dish installed matrix and Controlled Release Fertilizer, 1-2 grain seed was broadcast with pressing the cave device to press 0.3-0.5 centimetre kind cave in the cave of growing seedlings in each seedling-cultivating tray in each cave, need not to cover matrix above the seed.
6, plastic film mulch, balance: lay one deck mulch film or two films at the smooth furrow face of arrangement, the balance while laying, lay front ground require smooth, without native stone, prevent the plastic film damage.
7, water: after balance was finished, the special-purpose spraying facility high with fogging degree, that water yield is large supplied water, and open fire occurs in the cave of growing seedlings, and guarantees the capsuled seed cracking, improved emergence rate.
8, epiphragma, take off film: after watering sufficient water, the complete cracking of capsuled seed, raising tray top covers one deck mulch film, wants compacting around the mulch film, improves the moisture-heat preservation effect, shortens seedling-growing time, improves emergence rate and regularity; After planting 7-10 days seeds rear film of in time taking off that sprouts will in time be sprayed water after taking off film, guarantees that matrix has adequate water to guarantee that the cigarette seedling stretches root and emerge, and takes off the film choose opportunities and will rationally determine according to seedling disk base material water content.
9, water management
Emerge to the little cross phase: according to factors such as weather, Nutrition Soil water content, rationally determine watering time, when fine, sprayed once in 1-2 days, but spraying in overcast and rainy 2-3 days once, must use this period the high spraying apparatus of fogging degree to water.
Little cross is to cigarette seedling envelope dish: be that the cigarette seedling needs the water critical period this period, and when fine, supply water once every day, can use this period the lower water injector of fogging degree to water, but hydraulic pressure can not be excessive, prevents that the cigarette seedling from being gone out by water.
The envelope dish is to becoming seedling stage: be that the cigarette seedling is underground, grow the critical period in the ground this period, and moisture is controlled the high pin seedling of improper easy formation, is unfavorable for cultivating strong sprout.Want intermittent water application this period, and upper-controlling-lower-promoting promotes the growth of cigarette shoot root system, forms flourishing root system, sprays water once in general 2-3 days, and the degree of control water noon slight the wilting occurs with the cigarette seedling, and the morning and evening can revert to suitable.
10, temperature treatment: temperature of shed is controlled at 20 ℃～28 ℃.Emerge to the little cross phase, take insulation as main.Temperature of shed is lower than 15 ℃, should in time take Insulation.And be higher than 30 ℃, should be in time aeration-cooling; Afternoon timely epiphragma.From the little cross phase to seedling, temperature is higher than 35 ℃, then should in time adopt ventilation, takes a breath, shades, the method cooling such as water spray.
11, thinning and final singling: seedling, final singling during the little cross, guarantee every cave one seedling, the cigarette seedling is even.Note keeping the consistent of seedbed health and cigarette seedling during the thinning final singling.
12, control seedling and hardening: every 9-12, spray 1000 times of 5% uniconazole P wetting powder behind the cigarette seedling envelope dish, the longitudinal growth of control cigarette seedling promotes the cane cross growth.Transplant and began to take to control the measure hardenings such as water, round the clock ventilation in front 7 days-10 days.
13, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
13.1 seedling raising greenhouse and female nursery bed disinfection: harrow loose seedbed table soil, about soil moisture 60%-70%, evenly water beauteously with this of 60 times and to spill in the soil table, medication is 50ml/ ㎡, and 10 days loose medicines of rear venting of airtight booth will be harrowed the pine table native 2 times-3 times simultaneously.
13.2 the seedling-cultivating tray sterilization: except new building, raising tray need be sterilized before use.Spray drenched seedling dish with the formalin solution of 1%-2% or 15% liquor natrii hypochloritis, the stifling 24h of sealing cleans with clear water.
13.3 Nutritive cube sterilization: the thick Nutrition Soil of every 5cm, with 80 times this beauteously solution evenly water more than the 30cm, seal more than the stifling 10d, loose poison is dried in scarifying.
13.4 hand and equipment disinfection: in the operating process such as sowing, thinning, hand and instrument are with 5% suds washing and sterilizing 5min.
13.5 do booth, field health well: no smoking in the seedling raising greenhouse and the idler comes in and goes out; Farming operates diseased plant behind the first healthy tree, thinning, heels in, cuts root, leaf-cutting etc. and carry out without dew the time, prevents cross-infection; The sick seedling in seedbed and on every side 10cm cigarette seedling taken out of destruction by thinning, fragment etc.; Strengthen seedbed management, cut weeds, in time ventilate the control temperature.
13.6 seedbed pest control
The canopy both sides increase by 20 order fly nets, prevent that aphid from slipping into, the imidacloprid wp pulvis with 10% 3000 times of reagent spray seedbed and surrounding environment such as solution; Soil insect: with 90% trichlorphon period poison bait processed or 1000 times of solution sprays; Damping off: mainly in " cross phase " front generation, the 25% metalaxyl solution that foliage-spray is 800 times-1000 times; Anthracnose: whole seedbed phase, 800 times-1000 times of 50% mancozebs or 50% Tuzet solution, foliar spray 2 times-3 times; Balck shank: approach into the generation in seedling stage.500 times of solution foliar sprays of 72% metalaxyl-mn-zn 1 time-2 times.
14, strong sprout standard
Height of seedling 9-12 centimetre, the high 6-8 of stem centimetre (NC89 is about 5 centimetres), cane is sturdy, is rich in toughness, not frangibility; The leaf look just green, without damage by disease and insect, and true leaf 6-9 sheet, lateral root is flourishing, the population growth neat and consistent, seedling age is about 55～65 days, and the single-deck planting percent reaches more than 95%.
Tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling technology is according to cigarette seedling geotropism, to fertilizer, hydrotropism's principle, plastic film is laid on top, seedbed, the coating Intelligent controlled release that uses release profiles and time and each vegetative stage of cigarette seedling in the tobacco seedling pallet and match breeding time is fertile, only need spray clear water whole seedling stage, need not to topdress, adopt seedling-cultivating tray top atomizing way of supplying water, guarantee to have in the pallet sufficient nutrition and moisture for seed germination and tobacco seedling growth, spray plant growth regulator and intermittent water application hardening technology behind the cigarette seedling envelope dish, upper-controlling-lower-promoting, reduce the leaf-cutting number of times, adjust root/shoot ratio, cultivate anosis nothing and hinder strong sprout.Fig. 3 is the inventive method and the conventional method root system relatively of growing seedlings; Fig. 4 is the inventive method and the conventional method root system relatively two of growing seedlings.Can find out that from Fig. 3, Fig. 4 root system of the present invention obviously is better than conventional method and grows seedlings, through practical proof, can produce huge economic benefit and social benefit:
(1) saving is grown seedlings the fertilising recruitment more than 50%
Tray seedling growth or floating seedlings adopt the nutrient solution fertilizer practice mostly now, between whole nursery stage, to add fertile 2～5 times, waste time and energy, increase cost, and the Controlled Release Fertilizer applied once just can satisfy the nutrient requirement of whole breeding time of cigarette seedling, therefore fertilising operation number of times and labor savings can be reduced, thereby the fertilising operating cost can be reduced.
(2) saving is grown seedlings fertilizer cost more than 40%
Nutrient solution fertilising availability is generally very low, and according to the study, this season availability is about 30%～35%, has a large portion not play a role in the visible fertilizer.Cigarette seedling Controlled Release Fertilizer can be controlled the release of nutrient, release and the cigarette seedling demand of nutrient are matched, and this season availability reaches more than 60%, and the nutrient that discharges can satisfy the needs that the cigarette strain absorbs, unlikely causing poisoned and waste again, saves fertilizer amount more than one times.
(3) Quality of Seedlings obviously improves
The nutrient solution fertilising, the lower bundle in female bed soil or the floating pool of most of cigarette shoot root system, most of root system damage during transplanting, be unfavorable for cultivating anosis strong sprout, this technique guarantee have sufficient nutrition and moisture to absorb for the cigarette seedling in the raising tray, and by spray plant growth regulator and intermittent water application technology, upper-controlling-lower-promoting, reduce the leaf-cutting number of times, adjust root/shoot ratio, hinder strong sprout thereby cultivate anosis nothing.
(4) flue-cured tobacco land for growing field crops tubers disease significantly reduces.
This technology effectively limits the lower bundle of cigarette shoot root system, wound quantity when reducing the cigarette transplantation of seedlings, and simultaneously, coating Intelligent controlled release fertilizer continues to discharge fertility after the cigarette transplantation of seedlings, and the promotion tobacco seedling growth shortens transplanting seedling time, and raising cigarette strain resistance reduces the chance that infects of tubers pathogen.
(5) can significantly reduce the upper tobacco leaf nicotine content
This technology can limit effectively that cigarette shoot root system is lower pricks, and increases cigarette seedling main root length, and axial root system fractures and plants rear adventive root quantity when reducing the cigarette transplantation of seedlings, reduces nicotine content.
Claims (4)
1. tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling dish comprises disk body, is evenly equipped with a plurality of grooves of growing seedlings on the described disk body, it is characterized in that, the described groove of growing seedlings is back taper, the upper water control hole that is provided with on the lower side of the sidepiece conical surface; Described seedling-cultivating tray is that polystyrene processes, and specification is 60cm * 33cm, and 100 hole/dishes are back taper, and bore is 4.5cm approximately, high 5cm.
2. utilize above-mentioned seedling-cultivating tray to carry out tobacco limit root direct sowing and seedling method, it is characterized in that, comprising:
1) the grow seedlings selection in place
The place of growing seedlings should be chosen in that leeward on the sunny side physical features is smooth, has a good transport service, and near source of clean water, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and subterranean water level is low, and is pollution-free all around; The site requirements of growing seedlings is not planted the place of growing seedlings of Solanaceae and crop in cruciferae more than 2 years;
Seedling raising greenhouse and female nursery bed disinfection: harrow loose seedbed table soil, soil moisture 60%-70% evenly waters beauteously with this of 60 times and to spill in the soil table, and medication is 50ml/ ㎡, and 10 days loose medicines of rear venting of airtight booth will be harrowed the pine table native 2 times-3 times simultaneously;
2) the grow seedlings preparation of goods and materials
The preparation of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating goods and materials mainly comprises seedling medium, seedling-cultivating tray, plastic film, shed, coating controlled-release fertilizer and seed;
(1) seedling-cultivating tray is that polystyrene processes, and certain mechanical strength is arranged; Specification is 60cm * 33cm, and 100 hole/dishes are back taper, and bore is 4.5cm approximately, high 5cm, the upper water control hole that is provided with on the lower side of the sidepiece conical surface;
(2) seedling medium, it is to be mixed by a certain percentage by commodity seedling medium and fresh pollution-free cinnamon soil or loess to form, bright soil is with after the sieve of aperture 1-1.5 millimeter bright native and commodity seedling medium being mixed in 3～4:6～7 ratios;
The thick matrix of every 5cm, with 80 times this beauteously solution evenly water more than the 30cm, sealing is stifling more than 10 days, loose poison is dried in scarifying;
(3) coating controlled-release fertilizer, for the controlled release time is individual month resin coated controlled release fertilizer of 3-5, wherein, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 13:13:13, all executes in each cave according to every dish 20-40 gram consumption;
(4) water must use untainted running water or edible well water as water for larval nursing, bans use of swag water;
(5) seed adopts the tobacco Pelleted Germinating Seeds of buying then;
3) sowing: sowing time was than early 5-7 days conventional seedbed system sowing time; After the seedling dish installed matrix and Controlled Release Fertilizer, 1-2 grain seed was broadcast with pressing the cave device to press 0.3-0.5 centimetre kind cave in the cave of growing seedlings in each seedling-cultivating tray in each cave, need not to cover matrix above the seed;
4) plastic film mulch, balance: lay one deck mulch film or two layers of mulch film at the smooth furrow face of arrangement, the balance while laying, lay the requirement of front ground smooth, without native stone;
5) water: after balance is finished, supply water with spraying facility, open fire occurs the cave planted agent that grows seedlings, guarantee the capsuled seed cracking, improve emergence rate;
6) epiphragma, take off film: after the complete cracking of capsuled seed, seedling-cultivating tray top covers one deck mulch film, wants compacting around the mulch film; After planting 7-10 days seeds rear film of in time taking off that sprouts will in time be sprayed water after taking off film, guarantees that matrix has adequate water to guarantee that the cigarette seedling stretches root and emerge, and takes off the film choose opportunities and will determine according to seedling disk base material water content;
7) water management
Emerge to the little cross phase: when fine, sprayed once in 1-2 days, but spraying in overcast and rainy 2-3 days once;
Little cross is to cigarette seedling envelope dish: when fine, supply water once every day, can use this period the lower water injector of fogging degree to water;
The envelope dish is to becoming seedling stage: want intermittent water application this period, and upper-controlling-lower-promoting promotes the growth of cigarette shoot root system, forms flourishing root system, sprays water once in general 2-3 days, and the degree of control water noon slight the wilting occurs with the cigarette seedling, and the morning and evening can revert to suitable;
8) temperature treatment
Temperature of shed is controlled at 20 ℃～28 ℃; Emerge to the little cross phase, take insulation as main;
Temperature of shed is lower than 15 ℃, should in time take Insulation; And be higher than 30 ℃, should be in time aeration-cooling; Afternoon timely epiphragma;
From the little cross phase to seedling, temperature is higher than 35 ℃, then should in time adopt cooling measure;
9) thinning and final singling: seedling, final singling during the little cross, guarantee every cave one seedling, the cigarette seedling is even;
10) control seedling and hardening: every 9-12, spray 1000 times of 5% uniconazole P wetting powder behind the cigarette seedling envelope dish, the longitudinal growth of control cigarette seedling promotes the cane cross growth; Transplant and began to take hardening in front 7 days-10 days;
11) strong sprout standard: height of seedling 9-12 centimetre, the high 5-8 of stem centimetre, cane is sturdy, is rich in toughness, not frangibility; The leaf look just green, without damage by disease and insect, and true leaf 6-9 sheet, lateral root is flourishing, the population growth neat and consistent, seedling age 55～65 days, the single-deck planting percent reaches more than 95%.
3. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, except new building, raising tray need be sterilized before use, sprays drenched seedling dish with the formalin solution of 1%-2% or 15% liquor natrii hypochloritis, and the stifling 24h of sealing cleans with clear water.
4. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in interior operating process, hand and instrument are with 5% suds washing and sterilizing 5min in sowing and thinning.
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| CN103918444A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-07-16 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Tobacco cultivation method |
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| CN103947431A (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2014-07-30 | 福建省烟草公司三明市公司 | Method for culturing seedlings with strong taproots in tobacco cultivation |
| CN104041353B (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2016-09-28 | 山东临沂烟草有限公司 | One grows tobacco limits the preparation method of root direct sowing and seedling dish |
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| CN112106582A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-12-22 | 广西壮族自治区蚕业技术推广站 | Method for raising mulberry seedlings in greenhouse |
| CN112166989A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-01-05 | 长沙稻银农业科技有限公司 | Tobacco sowing and seedling raising method |
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| CN113728905A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-12-03 | 山东临沂烟草有限公司 | Suspended water culture seedling method for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN114885706B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2023-05-26 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Three-dimensional seedling raising device for flue-cured tobacco and seedling raising method thereof |
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| CN2082530U (en) * | 1990-05-23 | 1991-08-14 | 宁海县白溪红岩橡胶塑料厂 | Growing seedlings plate |
| CN2216325Y (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1996-01-03 | 海林市科学技术委员会 | Transplanting disc for rice seedlings |
| CN1181725C (en) * | 2002-06-18 | 2004-12-29 | 贵州省烟草科学研究所 | Tobacco nursery sock growing method using tray water bed |
| CN1849867A (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2006-10-25 | 湖南烟草公司湘西自治州公司 | Tobacoo plate-overlapping seedling-cultivation technology and device |
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