CN104686159B

CN104686159B - A method of planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits in farmland

Info

Publication number: CN104686159B
Application number: CN201510106824.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王寿南; 胡刘满
Original assignee: Taizhou Wobo Import And Export Co Ltd
Current assignee: Foshan lvjingyuan agricultural and sideline products Co., Ltd
Priority date: 2015-03-11
Filing date: 2015-03-11
Publication date: 2019-01-15
Anticipated expiration: 2035-03-11
Also published as: CN104686159A

Abstract

The method that the present invention relates to a kind of to plant selenium-rich vegetables and fruits in farmland, refer to the method in farmland planting common vetch dish, including by 3~June of agricultural drain dry field, crop is not sowed during dry field and is digged 2~3 times, ridging is with forming the first ridge of strip and second ridge in farmland, first and second ridge in arrangement shape it is interval-staggered, the second ridge for dry land soil constitute, the first ridge using improvement soil fill out whole form；The plant of common vetch dish, fig, the training seedling of fig pruned with common vetch dish, fertilising, irrigation, the cultivation of common vetch dish, rye grass are broadcasted sowing.Above-mentioned technical proposal can significantly improve the yield and quality of common vetch dish, and can pick every year to common vetch dish after third year, and the single plant yield of fig will be significantly larger than the large stretch of yield individually planted of tradition, and Se content is high in common vetch dish and fig.

Description

A method of planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits in farmland

Technical field

The present invention relates to agricultural productions, and in particular to a method of selenium-rich vegetables and fruits are planted in farmland.

Background technique

Common vetch dish, scientific name purple dustpan, belongs to perennial pteridophyte, has extensive presence in Dabie Mountain mountain area.Containing rich in common vetch dish Various trace elements, the common vetch dishes such as rich protein, vitamin and potassium, calcium, squama not only can be made into delicious dish, with more anti- Cancer, heat-clearing, removing toxic substances, weight-reducing, beauty and other effects, while the viruses such as influenza, encephalitis B are significantly inhibited, it is long Phase outlet, be in great demand overseas vegetables, is especially exported to Japan.

Currently, common vetch dish is field acquisition mostly, and although also there is place experiment artificial growth, its low output, acquisition Common vetch dish stem is thin, poor quality, and common vetch dish will withered or no longer bract bud after picking one, two year.

Summary of the invention

The method that it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of to plant selenium-rich vegetables and fruits in farmland, can effectively solve above-mentioned ask The yield of topic, common vetch dish is high, and common vetch dish is sturdy, and quality is good, can pick for a long time, will not the underproduction.

To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

A method of it planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits in farmland, refers to the method for improvement farmland interplanting common vetch dish, fig, specifically Including following operating procedure:

Step 1: by 3~June of agricultural drain dry field, not sowing crop during dry field and dig 2~3 times, risen in farmland Ridge is in the first and second ridge that arrangement shape is interval-staggered with forming the first ridge of strip with the second ridge, the height on the second ridge ground Greater than the height on the first ridge ground, constituted for dry land soil to the second ridge, the first ridge using improvement soil fill out it is whole form, improve soil Match for dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich mixing and fiery loam according to the weight ratio mixing of 1:1:0.4:0.2~1.2:1:0.8:0.4 It is made, dry land soil is not sowed crop during dry field and digged 2~3 by the paddy soils that takes after 3~June of agricultural drain dry field It is secondary, fiery loam be stalk, tree branches and leaves, weeds firing fire ash obtained with forest land soil according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2~3； Selenium-rich mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5~10g sodium selenite through compost maturity It obtains；First ridge side bracket is set, the sparge pipe of horizontal shape arrangement is set on bracket, is arranged at intervals on the pipe shaft of sparge pipe Bidirectional spray head, two water discharging directions of Bidirectional spray head with being directed toward the first and second ridge obliquely respectively；

Step 2: First Year late April is spaced the planting pit for digging 50~55cm depth on the second ridge on the ground, in planting pit Fig cuttage seeding with soil is transplanted in planting pit, is watered with root water, fig spacing in the rows is by the decomposed fertilizer for applying 5~8kg 1.5~2.0m cuts fig along 20~22cm of cuttage seeding height, using three major branch natural open centre shapes/Y shape training type Shaping is carried out to fig, decomposed fertilizer is 150~155 parts by weight green manure, the poultry muck of 30~35 parts by weight, 5~8 parts by weight The decomposed processing of dry land soil of lime and 10~15 parts by weight obtain, 20d, which is poured, after cuttage applies primary dilute rich water, contains in dilute rich water Artificial propagation/wild common vetch vegetable seedling was spaced on the ground on the first ridge and is transplanted in the autumn in the same year by 5% ammonium sulfate, and on ridge It pours water in ditch, the water surface elevation in furrow is lower than the ground level at least 18cm on the first ridge ground, stops irrigating and the after the Frost's Descent One layer of leaf of earth's surface bedding on one ridge ground；

Step 3: second year starts to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and 4~May, common vetch dish started bract bud, night opening spray daily after bract bud Head carries out the mist spray of 3~5min, and bract bud First Year is not picked common vetch dish；The major branch of fig is trimmed, master is kept Branch 50~55cm of length, retain above each major branch 3~4 it is new slightly, the prosperous growth phase of young sprout growth applies a compounding fertilizers, compounding The applied amount of fertilizer is that 90~100kg, compounding fertilizer are 20 parts by weight nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 30 parts by weight poultry mucks and 5 weights per acre The urea mixed configuration of amount part obtains, and as a result carries out fruit thinning afterwards；Second year early August broadcasts sowing rye grass on the ground on the first and second ridge, Every 1kg seed adds 4~4.5h of 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution and 1.5g pak-chor before ryegrass seed is sowed, withered Careless bacillus GB03 bacterium solution is that 10 times of bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor dilution is formulated, bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor Middle OD₆₀₀It is 0.8~1.0, ryegrass seed is mixed thoroughly and broadcasted sowing with 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate, 10kg fire loam after seed soaking, rye grass The mu amount of broadcasting sowing of seed is 0.8kg, and harvesting for the first time is carried out when Ryegrass Growth is to 40~45cm of plant height and is used as farming animals herbage, the 5~8cm of toothing when primary harvesting promotes rye grass tiller and regeneration, rye grass to regrow to plant height 35~40cm when progress Aftercrop and earth's surface by the herbage of harvesting and leaf bedding on the first and second ridge ground, 1~3cm of toothing when aftercrop, Stop irrigating after the Frost's Descent；Since second year, selenium-rich clay fertilizer, selenium-rich soil are spread fertilizer over the fields on the ground on the first ridge before rye grass and leaf bedding The amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of fertilizer is to spread fertilizer over the fields to the first ridge 120~150kg per acre, and selenium-rich clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry Muck, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3~5g sodium selenite are obtained through compost maturity；

Step 4: since third year, repeating to operate as follows every year: starting to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and in 3, April to common vetch dish Application once helps bud fertile, and night opens hole for water spraying/3~5min of spray head progress and spreads spray/mist spray, 4~May pair daily after bract bud Common vetch dish is picked 3~4 times；Fig side shoot is trimmed, is made the length is 30~35cm, 1~2 is retained on each side shoot newly Slightly, trimming is so that new of length no more than 20cm slightly, wipes out the less branch of young sprout result out, choosing on side shoot every year after the 4th year It stays the young sprout of 1~2 growing way stalwartness, applies a compounding fertilizer respectively before prosperous growth phase of young sprout growth, fruit expanding period, fallen leaves, The each applied amount of compounding fertilizer is that 70~75kg, the initial stage application fruit tree punching of fruit expanding period are applied fertilizer per acre, fruit expanding period Latter stage sprays organic selenium fertilizer；Annual early August broadcasts sowing rye grass, every 1kg kind before ryegrass seed is sowed on the first and second ridge on the ground Son plus 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution and 1.5g 4~4.5h of pak-chor, bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution are withered grass Bacillus GB03 mother liquor dilutes 10 times and is formulated, OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor₆₀₀It is 0.8~1.0, after seed soaking Ryegrass seed is mixed thoroughly and is broadcasted sowing with 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate, 10kg fire loam, and the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, black Wheat straw carries out harvesting for the first time as farming animals herbage when growing to 40~45cm of plant height, 5~8cm of toothing when gathering in for the first time promotees Aftercrop is carried out into rye grass tiller and regeneration, when rye grass regrows to 35~40cm of plant height and by the herbage of harvesting Earth's surface with leaf bedding on the first and second ridge ground, 1~3cm of toothing when aftercrop stopped irrigating after the Frost's Descent, helped the bud fertilizer to be Fiery loam and people's retention of urine liquid/urea mixed preparing obtain；

Poultry muck obtains with the following method: being pulverized and mixed sorghum, wheat, soybean according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and matches Fermentation substrate is made, yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:5, add water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C, The product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.

The height on the first ridge ground is 25~30cm, and the width on the first ridge ground is 40~50cm, and the height on the second ridge ground is 45 ~50cm, the width on the second ridge ground are 1.4~2m.

The plantation of common vetch dish, most important is exactly the control of liquid manure, and the happiness of common vetch dish happiness water is negative, but also flood afraid of water, and to life Long soil is extremely harsh.The irrigation system that the present invention is made up of the transformation in above-mentioned farmland, furrow, enables to uniform fluid flow Entire farmland is irrigated, while lower than the first ridge 12~17cm of earth's surface of the water level control in furrow, guarantees that the happiness water of common vetch dish fills It irrigates and is not in waterlogging；Spray head sprays in short-term at night, Simulated rainwater day, so that rainwater sparse spray in part is in common vetch dish bud On, promote the growth of common vetch dish bud, so that common vetch dish bud is more sturdy；The improvement soil of above-mentioned preparation simultaneously is supported in acidity and fertilizer It more matches with the best demand of common vetch dish growth, so that common vetch dish is more sturdy, in addition rye grass can be in the soil on the first and second ridge ground It vegetating in matter, the herbage that the rye grass gathered in for the first time can be used as herding is overwintering for herding, and aftercrop Rye grass and leaf are covered on the first and second ridge on the ground, enable common vetch dish preferably overwintering, guarantee common vetch dish coming year germination spore, black Wheat straw, leaf rot as green manure and help the application of bud fertilizer to can be good at supplementing the fertility on the first ridge ground and adjust acidity, So that common vetch dish can be picked every year.Certainly, above-mentioned only simply to illustrate the main function that each factor is individually played, lead to The mutually coordinated effect for crossing each factor enables common vetch dish all to carry out the picking of high yield every year, and the common vetch dish picked is sturdy, product Matter is good.

And the plant of common vetch colza is carried out using above-mentioned improvement soil and selenium-rich clay fertilizer, organic selenium can effectively be absorbed by common vetch dish, The Se content in common vetch dish can be effectively improved, Se content about improves 3~4 times in the dry common vetch dish of harvest, and compost maturity is exactly that agricultural is raw The means of common green manure compost maturity in production.

In addition, the ripe obtained selenium-rich fertilizer of feces of livestock and poultry and weeds, lime, cake fertilizer mixed compaction heap rich in organic selenium and The application of fruit expanding period organic selenium fertilizer, organic selenium can effectively be absorbed by fig, so that the Se content in fig is general More than the three times of logical fig, become health fruit.Fruit tree punching fertilising should be compared with using before organic selenium fertilizer, and fruit tree punching fertilising can be effective Promote absorption of the fruit tree to organic selenium fertilizer, in addition may also function as it is hyperchromic it is sweetened, premunition is strong, anti-fruit-cracking, mature early, fruit circle Profit, resistance to storage and other effects.

Detailed scheme are as follows:

Tea tree can be planted on the ground on the second ridge after second year, tea tree is interval-staggered with fig tree.The bud fertilizer is helped to be 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid are prepared to obtain.Biggish tea seedling should be planted, tea tree happiness yin can be good at growing, more Crop interplanting, improves entire economic benefit.Moreover, fig, common vetch dish are all the crops that insect pest will not occur, it, can by interplanting To eliminate the phenomenon that large stretch of Tea planting is easy to happen pest and disease damage, the economic benefit of entire agricultural is improved.

Fig can be interplanted with common vetch dish very well, improve the yield of single plant fig, and the resistance to fertilizer of fig will not generate Pest and disease damage can carry out drawing branch to fig during plantation, avoid fig fruit tree excessively high.

Above-mentioned technical proposal can significantly improve the yield and quality of common vetch dish, and after third year every year can to common vetch dish into Row picking.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram after the site preparation of farmland；

Fig. 2 is the schematic cross-section in farmland.

Specific embodiment

In order to which objects and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood, the present invention is carried out specifically with reference to embodiments It is bright.It should be appreciated that following text is only used to describe one or more of specific embodiments of the invention, not to the present invention The protection scope specifically requested carries out considered critical.

Following Examples 1 to 2 are in my company (ten thousand grass of Anqing, thousand wooden agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd) and Wuhu perseverance promise energy Technology Co., Ltd., Yuexi County Hong Sheng agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd joint development cool breeze farm (Yuexi County lotus flower village cool breeze group) Middle progress, gemma, which refers to, issues tender white gemma on the common vetch dish root and stem of certain plants, gemma is picked after growing up to common vetch dish, and loose stool water is people's retention of urine Liquid and 2 times of water mixed preparings obtain, and urea water is that 100~200g urea and 1L water are prepared to obtain, unknown in following embodiments 1,2 The specific amount of application of the fertilizer really illustrated, those skilled in the art can be made in right amount according to the effect of fertilizer and use age With guaranteeing the reliable plant of crops, in addition, in entire planting process, require to carry out weeding every year, loosen the soil, the behaviour such as desinsection Make.In the present invention unless otherwise instructed, the percentage of component is mass concentration.

Improvement soil used in embodiment 1,2 is to be made in embodiment 3~6, and selenium-rich clay fertilizer is to make in embodiment 7~9 , the improvement in farmland is specifically as shown in Figure 1, 2.

The fruit tree punching fertilising that fruit expanding period initial stage applies is that the cloud of Zhengzhou Yun Geng agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd production ploughs board Fruit tree punching fertilising, application method are that trickle irrigation is applied in 800-1200 times of punching of dilution, and dropper punching per acre applies 1.2 kilograms；Fruit expanding period The organic selenium fertilizer of latter stage sprinkling is that the source board fruit tailored version of the selenium of the carefree modern agriculture Science and Technology Ltd. production of Anhui selenium has Machine selenium fertilizer, application method are 500 times of liquid of dilution, are uniformly sprayed on crop leaf, interval sprays twice, every minor tick 7 days；Spray The amount of applying is tree-like, the age of tree is big depending on the tree-like and age of tree, and the amount of spraying increases accordingly, generally per acre 1L~1.3L.Certainly it can also adopt The fruit tree punching fertilising produced with other companies and organic selenium fertilizer are carried out using having obtained same effect.Poultry muck is raising poultry The excrement that fowl is collected；Sorghum, wheat, soybean are crushed according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and are hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to 1:5 Mass ratio yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed, add water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C, by the product of fermentation and feed into Row is mixed for raising livestock and poultry, is collected to the excrement of livestock and poultry.

Embodiment 1

By 3~June of agricultural drain dry field, crop is not sowed during dry field and is digged 2~3 times, ridging is formed in farmland First ridge of strip 111 and second ridge 112, the first and second ridge it is interval-staggered in arrangement shape, the second ridge 112 Height greater than the first ridge 111 height, the second ridge 112 for dry land soil constitute, the first ridge 111 using improve soil fill out it is whole It forms, improvement soil is dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich mixing and fiery loam according to 1:1:0.4:0.2~1.2:1:0.8:0.4's Weight ratio mixed preparing obtains, and for dry land soil by the paddy soils taken after 3~June of agricultural drain dry field, fiery loam is stalk, branch Leaf, the fire ash of weeds firing and forest land are native (forest land soil is preferably the woods soil of Dabie Mountain Yuexi area pine forests or the slope soil on hillside) It is obtained according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2~3；Selenium-rich mixing be 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5~10g sodium selenite are obtained through compost maturity；First ridge 111 sides bracket Z1 is set, set on bracket Z1 The sparge pipe 114 of horizontal shape arrangement is set, is arranged at intervals with Bidirectional spray head, two water sides of Bidirectional spray head on the pipe shaft of sparge pipe 114 To with being directed toward the first and second ridge obliquely respectively；The height on the first ridge ground is 25~30cm, the width on the first ridge ground is 40~ 50cm, the height on the second ridge ground are 45~50cm, and the width on the second ridge ground is 1.4~2m, and the width of furrow L1 is 15~20cm.

First Year late April, on the second ridge interval dug the planting pit of 50~55cm depth on 112, applied in planting pit The decomposed fertilizer of 5~8kg, decomposed fertilizer are 150 parts by weight green manure, the poultry muck of 35 parts by weight, the lime of 5 parts by weight and 15 weight The decomposed processing of dry land soil of part obtains.Fig cuttage seeding (nursery station is commercially available) with soil is transplanted in planting pit, is poured Sufficient root water, fig spacing in the rows are 1.5~2.0m, are cut fig along 20~22cm of cuttage seeding height, using three major branches Natural open centre shape/Y shape training type carries out shaping to fig, and 20d, which is poured, after cuttage applies primary dilute rich water, contains in dilute rich water 5% ammonium sulfate.The same year autumn by the common vetch vegetable seedling 11a of artificial propagation on the first ridge 111 close between at 12 bottom of the dam ridge Every being transplanted, the width for planting plant hole is 20~25 centimetres, and size is 20 × 20cm, by spacing in the rows 15cm plant, when transplanting, common vetch dish Seedling 11a answers transplantation with soil, does not hurt root system, and root water is poured after cultivation, and pours water that (heretofore described pouring water and filling in furrow L1 It irrigates and refers both in furrow intercycle water storage/pour water, that is, pour water last for another ten days every time, each 5~8cm of the depth of water pours water every time After discharge water and drain 4~5 days, circulate operation repeatedly).Water surface elevation in furrow lower than the first ridge 111 ground level At least 18cm stops irrigation and on the first ridge 111 earth's surface bedding, one layer of leaf, the leaf that optional miscellaneous tree descends slowly and lightly after the Frost's Descent Bedding is carried out with pine needle；

Second year started to irrigate (pouring water) after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and 4~May, common vetch dish started bract bud, night opening spray daily after bract bud What water hole carried out 3~5min spreads spray, before gemma with carry out top dressing with loose stool water or urea water after gemma and mention seedling, bract bud First Year is not Common vetch dish is picked；The major branch of fig is trimmed, 50~55cm of major branch length is kept, retains 3 above each major branch ~4 new compounding fertilizers of prosperous growth phase application that slightly, young sprout is grown, the applied amount of compounding fertilizer is 100kg per acre, compounding fertilizer 20 The urea mixed configuration of parts by weight nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 30 parts by weight poultry mucks and 5 parts by weight obtains, and is as a result dredged afterwards Fruit；Second year early August broadcasts sowing rye grass on the first and second ridge on the ground, and every 1kg seed adds 2kg withered grass before ryegrass seed is sowed Bacillus GB03 bacterium solution and 1.5g 4~4.5h of pak-chor, bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution are bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor dilutes 10 times and is formulated, OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor₆₀₀It is 0.8~1.0, rye grass seeds after seed soaking Son is mixed thoroughly and is broadcasted sowing with 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate, 10kg fire loam, and the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, Ryegrass Growth Harvesting for the first time is carried out when to 40~45cm of plant height and is used as farming animals herbage, and 5~8cm of toothing when gathering in for the first time promotes rye grass Tiller and regeneration carry out aftercrop and spread the herbage of harvesting and leaf when rye grass regrows to 35~40cm of plant height Cover the earth's surface on the first and second ridge ground, 1~3cm of toothing when aftercrop stopped irrigating after the Frost's Descent.Since second year, herbage Selenium-rich clay fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields on the ground on the first ridge before (i.e. rye grass) and leaf bedding, and the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of selenium-rich clay fertilizer is for the first ridge per acre Spread fertilizer over the fields 120~150kg.

It since third year, repeats to operate as follows every year: starting to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and one is applied to common vetch dish in 3, April It is secondary to help bud fertile, before gemma or top dressing is carried out with loose stool water or urea water after gemma and mentions seedling, and daily night opens hole for water spraying after bract bud Carry out 3~5min spreads spray, and 4~May picks common vetch dish 3~4 times, and when picking does not injure root, applies loose stool after picking every time Water is primary, trims to fig side shoot, makes the length is 30~35cm, 1~2 is retained on each side shoot newly slightly, trimming So that new of length no more than 20cm slightly, wipes out branch, (each branch of less young sprout result out on side shoot every year after the 4th year On) select and remain the young sprout of 1~2 growing way stalwartness, apply respectively before prosperous growth phase of young sprout growth, fruit expanding period, fallen leaves primary multiple With fertilizer, each applied amount of compounding fertilizer is that 70~75kg, the initial stage application fruit tree punching of fig fruit expanding stage are applied fertilizer per acre, fruit The latter stage of real expanding stage sprays organic selenium fertilizer；Early August in third year broadcasts sowing rye grass, ryegrass seed on the first and second ridge on the ground Every 1kg seed adds 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution and 1.5g 4~4.5h of pak-chor, bacillus subtilis before sowing GB03 bacterium solution is that 10 times of bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor dilution is formulated, OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor₆₀₀For 0.8~1.0, ryegrass seed is mixed thoroughly and is broadcasted sowing with 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate, 10kg fire loam after seed soaking, the mu of ryegrass seed The amount of broadcasting sowing is 0.8kg, and harvesting for the first time is carried out when Ryegrass Growth is to 40~45cm of plant height and is used as farming animals herbage, is gathered in for the first time When 5~8cm of toothing, promote rye grass tiller and regeneration, rye grass carries out second when regrowing to 35~40cm of plant height and receives It cuts and the earth's surface by the herbage of harvesting and leaf bedding on the first and second ridge ground, 1~3cm of toothing when aftercrop stops after the Frost's Descent It only irrigates, helping bud fertilizer is that 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid are prepared to obtain.

Embodiment 2

By 3~June of agricultural drain dry field, crop is not sowed during dry field and is digged 2~3 times, ridging is formed in farmland First ridge of strip 111 and second ridge 112, the first and second ridge it is interval-staggered in arrangement shape, the second ridge 112 Height greater than the first ridge 111 height, the second ridge 112 for dry land soil constitute, the first ridge 111 using improve soil fill out it is whole It forms, improvement soil is dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich mixing and fiery loam according to 1:1:0.4:0.2~1.2:1:0.8:0.4's Weight ratio mixed preparing obtains, and dry land soil does not sow work during dry field by the paddy soils that take after 3~June of agricultural drain dry field It object and digs 2~3 times, fiery loam is that stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash of weeds firing and forest land soil are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:2~3 It closes to prepare and obtain；Selenium-rich mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5~10g selenous acid Sodium is obtained through compost maturity；First ridge 111 sides bracket Z1 is set, the sparge pipe 114 of horizontal shape arrangement, spray are set on bracket Z1 Bidirectional spray head is arranged at intervals on the pipe shaft of water pipe 114, two water discharging directions of Bidirectional spray head are directed toward the first and second ridge obliquely respectively Ground；The height on the first ridge ground is 25~30cm, and the width on the first ridge ground is 40~50cm, the height on the second ridge ground is 45~ 50cm, the width on the second ridge ground are 1.4~2m, and the width of furrow L1 is 15~20cm.

First Year late April, on the second ridge interval dug the planting pit of 50~55cm depth on 112, applied in planting pit The decomposed fertilizer of 5~8kg, decomposed fertilizer are 155 parts by weight green manure, the poultry muck of 30 parts by weight, the lime of 8 parts by weight and 10 weight The decomposed processing of dry land soil of part obtains.Fig cuttage seeding (nursery station is commercially available) with soil is transplanted in planting pit, is poured Sufficient root water, fig spacing in the rows are 1.5~2.0m, are cut fig along 20~22cm of cuttage seeding height, using three major branches Natural open centre shape/Y shape training type carries out shaping to fig, and 20d, which is poured, after cuttage applies primary dilute rich water, contains in dilute rich water 5% ammonium sulfate.The same year autumn by the common vetch vegetable seedling 11a of artificial propagation on the first ridge 111 close between at 12 bottom of the dam ridge Every being transplanted, the width for planting plant hole is 20~25 centimetres, and size is 20 × 20cm, by spacing in the rows 15cm plant, when transplanting, common vetch dish Seedling 11a answers transplantation with soil, does not hurt root system, root water is poured after cultivation, and pour water in furrow, and the water surface elevation in furrow is lower than first Ridge 111 ground level at least 18cm, stop irrigating after the Frost's Descent and on the first ridge 111 earth's surface bedding, one layer of leaf, can The leaf and pine needle for selecting miscellaneous tree to descend slowly and lightly carry out bedding；

Second year starts to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and 4~May, common vetch dish started bract bud, after bract bud daily night open hole for water spraying into 3~5min's of row spreads spray, before gemma and carries out top dressing with loose stool water or urea water after gemma and mentions seedling, bract bud First Year is not to common vetch dish It is picked；The major branch of fig is trimmed, 50~55cm of major branch length is kept, 3~4 are retained above each major branch newly Slightly, the prosperous growth phase of young sprout growth applies a compounding fertilizer, and the applied amount of compounding fertilizer is that 90kg, compounding fertilizer are 20 parts by weight nitrogen per acre The urea mixed configuration of phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer, 30 parts by weight poultry mucks and 5 parts by weight obtains, and as a result carries out fruit thinning afterwards；Second year 8 The first tenday period of a month moon broadcast sowing rye grass on the first and second ridge on the ground, and every 1kg seed adds 2kg bacillus subtilis before ryegrass seed is sowed GB03 bacterium solution and 1.5g 4~4.5h of pak-chor, bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution are that bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor is dilute It releases 10 times to be formulated, OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor₆₀₀It is 0.8~1.0, ryegrass seed and 8kg calcium and magnesium after seed soaking Phosphate fertilizer, 10kg fire loam are mixed thoroughly and are broadcasted sowing, and the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, and Ryegrass Growth to plant height 40~ Harvesting for the first time is carried out when 45cm is used as farming animals herbage, 5~8cm of toothing when gathering in for the first time promotes rye grass tiller and regeneration, Aftercrop is carried out when rye grass regrows to 35~40cm of plant height and by the herbage of harvesting and leaf bedding first and second The earth's surface on ridge ground, 1~3cm of toothing when aftercrop stopped irrigating after the Frost's Descent.Since second year, herbage (i.e. rye grass) Spread fertilizer over the fields selenium-rich clay fertilizer on the ground on the first ridge with before leaf bedding, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of selenium-rich clay fertilizer be spread fertilizer over the fields to the first ridge 120 per acre~ 150kg。

It since third year, repeats to operate as follows every year: starting to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and one is applied to common vetch dish in 3, April It is secondary to help bud fertile, before gemma or top dressing is carried out with loose stool water or urea water after gemma and mentions seedling, and daily night opens hole for water spraying after bract bud Carry out 3~5min spreads spray, and 4~May picks common vetch dish 3~4 times, and when picking does not injure root, applies loose stool after picking every time Water is primary, trims to the dwarf branch item of thorn Chinese fir, so that its height is no more than 1.5m, trim to fig side shoot, make it Length is 30~35cm, retain on each side shoot 1~2 it is new slightly, trimming is so that new of length no more than 20cm slightly, after the 4th year The young sprout wiped out the less branch of young sprout result out on side shoot every year, select and remain 1~2 growing way stalwartness, the prosperous growth phase of young sprout growth, Apply a compounding fertilizer before fruit expanding period, fallen leaves respectively, each applied amount of compounding fertilizer is 70~75kg per acre, fig fruit The initial stage of real expanding stage applies fruit tree punching fertilising, and the latter stage of fruit expanding period sprays organic selenium fertilizer；Early August in third year is One, rye grass is broadcasted sowing on the ground in two ridges, before ryegrass seed is sowed every 1kg seed add 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution and 1.5g 4~4.5h of pak-chor, bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution are that bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor dilutes 10 times of preparations It forms, OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor₆₀₀It is 0.8~1.0, ryegrass seed and 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate, 10kg after seed soaking Fiery loam, which is mixed thoroughly, to be broadcasted sowing, and the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, is carried out when Ryegrass Growth is to 40~45cm of plant height Harvesting for the first time is used as farming animals herbage, and 5~8cm of toothing when gathering in for the first time promotes rye grass tiller and regeneration, and rye grass is again Carried out when growing to 35~40cm of plant height aftercrop and by the herbage of harvesting and leaf bedding the first and second ridge ground ground Table, 1~3cm of toothing when aftercrop stopped irrigating after the Frost's Descent, and helping bud fertilizer is that 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid are prepared It obtains.

In above-described embodiment 1,2, the plantation amount of common vetch dish is 1800~2000 plants per acre, and 325 kilograms or so of annual output is fresh per acre Common vetch dish, the length for picking fresh common vetch dish is 15~20cm, and the root diameter (RD) of fresh common vetch dish root is 0.8~1.2cm, the fiber of fresh common vetch dish Change degree is low, and the Se content in common vetch dish is high, and Se content is about 3~4 times of common common vetch dish in dry common vetch dish obtained.

Traditional level land plantation, the plantation amount of mu common vetch dish are 4500~6000 plants, produce 300 kilograms of fresh common vetch dishes, picking per year per acre The length of fresh common vetch dish is 15~20cm, and the root diameter (RD) of fresh common vetch dish root is 0.3~0.6cm, the fibrosis journey on fresh common vetch dish surface Degree is high, and cutting the black herbage of receipts for the first time, to can be used for herding overwintering, forms circular agriculture.

After third year, every plant of fig can 2.5~3.0kg of knot fig, individually plant nothing higher than large stretch of area The yield of 2.0~2.5kg of single plant of flowers and fruits, Se content is in common fig more than the three times of Se content in fig.In addition, It can be improved 4~5 times of agricultural planting economic benefit by interplanting.

Embodiment 3

Dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich mixing and fiery loam are changed according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:1:0.4:0.2 Good soil, dry land soil are not sowed crop during dry field and are digged 2 times by the paddy soils that takes after agricultural drain dry field June, fire fertilizer Soil is that (forest land soil is woods soil or the mountain of Dabie Mountain Yuexi area pine forests for stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash of weeds firing and forest land soil Slope slope soil, similarly hereinafter) obtained according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2；Selenium-rich mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg fowl Animal manure fertilizer, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5g sodium selenite are obtained through compost maturity, and poultry muck obtains with the following method: according to 6:3:1 Mass ratio sorghum, wheat, soybean crushed are hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, according to the mass ratio of 1:5 by yeast selenium and fermentation Substrate mixes, and adds water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C, and the product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, collected Feces of livestock and poultry be poultry muck.

Embodiment 4

Dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich mixing and fiery loam are obtained according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1.2:1:0.8:0.4 Improve soil, dry land soil is not sowed crop during dry field and digged 3 times for the paddy soils that takes after agricultural drain dry field March, fiery Loam be stalk, tree branches and leaves, weeds firing fire ash obtained with forest land soil according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:3；Selenium-rich mixing It is obtained for 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 10g sodium selenite through compost maturity, manure of livestock and poultry Fertilizer obtains with the following method: crushing sorghum, wheat, soybean according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and is hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, presses Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:5, add water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C, by the product of fermentation and feeding Material carries out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.

Embodiment 5

Dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich mixing and fiery loam are changed according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:1:0.8:0.4 Good soil, dry land soil are not sowed crop during dry field and are digged 3 times by the paddy soils that takes after agricultural drain dry field April, fire fertilizer The native fire ash for stalk, tree branches and leaves, weeds firing is obtained with forest land soil according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2.5；Selenium-rich mixing It is obtained for 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 8g sodium selenite through compost maturity, manure of livestock and poultry Fertilizer obtains with the following method: crushing sorghum, wheat, soybean according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and is hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, presses Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:5, add water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C, by the product of fermentation and feeding Material carries out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.

Embodiment 6

Dry land soil, peat soil, selenium-rich mixing and fiery loam are obtained according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1.2:1:0.4:0.4 Improve soil, dry land soil is not sowed crop during dry field and digged 2 times for the paddy soils that takes after agricultural drain dry field April, fiery Loam be stalk, tree branches and leaves, weeds firing fire ash obtained with forest land soil according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2.5；Selenium-rich is mixed Material is that 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 8g sodium selenite are obtained through compost maturity, poultry Muck obtains with the following method: sorghum, wheat, soybean crushed according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and are hybridly prepared into fermentation substrate, Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:5, add water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C, by the product of fermentation and Feed carries out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.

The improvement soil produced in above-described embodiment 3~6, pH value and fertility are all particularly suitable for the production of common vetch dish, because This, the common vetch vegetable seedling high survival rate of transplanting, fertilizer efficiency persistently improves the yield of common vetch dish, and wherein organic selenium can effectively be inhaled by common vetch dish It receives, improves the organic selenium content in finished product common vetch dish.

Embodiment 7

Selenium-rich clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3~5g sodium selenite warp Compost maturity obtains；Poultry muck obtains with the following method: crushing sorghum, wheat, soybean according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and mixes Conjunction is configured to fermentation substrate, mixes yeast selenium and fermentation substrate according to the mass ratio of 1:5, adds water fermentation process 70 at 28 DEG C The product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry by it, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.

Embodiment 8

Selenium-rich clay fertilizer is 8kg green manure, 1.0kg lime, 4.0kg poultry muck, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3~5g sodium selenite warp Compost maturity obtains；Poultry muck obtains with the following method: crushing sorghum, wheat, soybean according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and mixes Conjunction is configured to fermentation substrate, mixes yeast selenium and fermentation substrate according to the mass ratio of 1:5, adds water fermentation process 70 at 28 DEG C The product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry by it, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.

Embodiment 9

Selenium-rich clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 1.2kg lime, 6.0kg poultry muck, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3~5g sodium selenite warp Compost maturity obtains；Poultry muck obtains with the following method: crushing sorghum, wheat, soybean according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 and mixes Conjunction is configured to fermentation substrate, mixes yeast selenium and fermentation substrate according to the mass ratio of 1:5, adds water fermentation process 70 at 28 DEG C The product of fermentation and feed are carried out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry by it, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.

Common vetch dish grow every year harvesting after, it is larger to the loss of soil, thus every year need to soil carry out fertility supplement and PH value is adjusted, and the selenium-rich clay fertilizer produced in above-described embodiment 7~9, pH value is higher than the normal growth conditions of common vetch dish, It uses, effectively the pH value of soil can be adjusted, while supplementing fertility and organic selenium before bedding herbage and leaf, guaranteed The annual high yield output of selenium-rich common vetch dish.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art For member, in knowing the present invention after contents, without departing from the principle of the present invention, it can also be made several Same transformation and substitution, these convert and substitute on an equal basis and also should be regarded as belonging to the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. a kind of method for planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits in farmland refers to the method for improvement farmland interplanting common vetch dish, fig, specific to wrap Include following operating procedure:

Step 1: by 3~June of agricultural drain dry field, crop is not sowed during dry field and is digged 2~3 times, the ridging shape in farmland The first ridge into strips and the second ridge, the first and second ridge it is interval-staggered in arrangement shape, the height on the second ridge ground is greater than The height on the first ridge ground, the second ridge for dry land soil constitute, the first ridge using improvement soil fill out it is whole form, improvement soil be drought Field soil, peat soil, selenium-rich mixing and fiery loam are obtained according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:1:0.4:0.2, the dry land soil By the paddy soils taken after 3~June of agricultural drain dry field, the fiery loam be stalk, tree branches and leaves, weeds firing fire ash with Forest land soil is obtained according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2~3；Selenium-rich mixing is 4kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg manure of livestock and poultry Fertilizer, 0.5kg cake fertilizer and 5~10g sodium selenite are obtained through compost maturity；First ridge side bracket is set, be arranged on bracket horizontal The sparge pipe of shape arrangement, is arranged at intervals with spray head on the pipe shaft of sparge pipe, the water discharging direction of spray head with being directed toward the first ridge obliquely；

Step 2: First Year late April is spaced the planting pit for digging 50~55cm depth on the second ridge on the ground, applies 5 in planting pit Fig cuttage seeding with soil is transplanted in planting pit, is watered with root water by the decomposed fertilizer of~8kg, and fig spacing in the rows is 1.5~ 2.0m cuts fig along 20~22cm of cuttage seeding height, using three major branch natural open centre shapes/Y shape training type to nothing Flowers and fruits carry out shaping, and decomposed fertilizer is the stone of 150~155 parts by weight green manure, the poultry muck of 30~35 parts by weight, 5~8 parts by weight The decomposed processing of dry land soil of ash and 10~15 parts by weight obtains, and 20d, which is poured, after cuttage applies primary dilute rich water, contains in dilute rich water There is 5% ammonium sulfate, artificial propagation/wild common vetch vegetable seedling is spaced on the ground on the first ridge and is transplanted in the autumn in the same year, and on ridge It pours water in ditch, the water surface elevation in furrow is lower than the ground level at least 18cm on the first ridge ground, stops irrigating and the after the Frost's Descent One layer of leaf of earth's surface bedding on one ridge ground；

Step 3: second year starts to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and 4~May, common vetch dish started bract bud, after bract bud daily night open spray head into The mist of 3~5min of row sprays, and bract bud First Year is not picked common vetch dish；The major branch of fig is trimmed, keeps major branch long 50~55cm is spent, 3~4 young sprouts are retained above each major branch, the prosperous growth phase of young sprout growth applies a compounding fertilizer, compounding fertilizer Applied amount is that 90~100kg, compounding fertilizer are 20 parts by weight nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 30 parts by weight poultry mucks and 5 parts by weight per acre Urea mixed configuration obtain, as a result carry out fruit thinning afterwards；Second year early August broadcasts sowing rye grass, rye on the first and second ridge on the ground Every 1kg seed adds 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution and 1.5g 4~4.5h of pak-chor, withered grass bud before grass seed is sowed Spore bacillus GB03 bacterium solution is that 10 times of bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor dilution is formulated, in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor OD₆₀₀It is 0.8~1.0, ryegrass seed is mixed thoroughly with fiery loam described in 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate, 10kg and broadcasted sowing after seed soaking, black The mu amount of broadcasting sowing of wheat straw seed is 0.8kg, and harvesting for the first time is carried out when Ryegrass Growth is to 40~45cm of plant height and is herded as farming animals Grass, 5~8cm of toothing when gathering in for the first time promote rye grass tiller and regeneration, when rye grass regrows to 35~40cm of plant height Carry out aftercrop and the earth's surface by the herbage of harvesting and leaf bedding on the first and second ridge ground, toothing 1 when aftercrop~ 3cm stopped irrigating after the Frost's Descent；Since second year, selenium-rich clay fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields on the ground on the first ridge before rye grass and leaf bedding, it is rich The amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of selenium clay fertilizer is to spread fertilizer over the fields to the first ridge 120~150kg per acre, and selenium-rich clay fertilizer is 6kg green manure, 0.8kg lime, 4.0kg Poultry muck, 3.5kg cake fertilizer and 3~5g sodium selenite are obtained through compost maturity；

Step 4: since third year, repeating to operate as follows every year: starting to irrigate after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), and common vetch dish is applied in 3, April Once help bud fertile, night opens the mist spray that spray head carries out 3~5min daily after bract bud, picks 3~4 times to common vetch dish for 4~May； Fig side shoot is trimmed, is made the length is 30~35cm, 1~2 young sprout is retained on each side shoot, is trimmed so that young sprout Of length no more than 20cm, wiped out every year after the 4th year on side shoot it is less go out young sprout result branch, to select and remain 1~2 growing way strong Strong young sprout, the prosperous growth phase of young sprout growth, apply a compounding fertilizer before fallen leaves at fruit expanding period respectively, and compounding fertilizer is each to be applied Dosage is that 70~75kg, the initial stage application fruit tree punching of fruit expanding period are applied fertilizer per acre, and the latter stage of fruit expanding period sprays organic selenium Fertilizer；Annual early August broadcasts sowing rye grass on the first and second ridge on the ground, and every 1kg seed adds 2kg withered grass bud before ryegrass seed is sowed Spore bacillus GB03 bacterium solution and 1.5g 4~4.5h of pak-chor, bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution are bacillus subtilis GB03 Mother liquor dilutes 10 times and is formulated, OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor₆₀₀Be 0.8~1.0, after seed soaking ryegrass seed with Fiery loam, which is mixed thoroughly, described in 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate, 10kg is broadcasted sowing, and the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, and rye grass is raw It is long to 40~45cm of plant height when carry out harvesting for the first time and be used as farming animals herbage, 5~8cm of toothing when gathering in for the first time promotes rye Careless tiller and regeneration carry out aftercrop and by the herbage of harvesting and leaf when rye grass regrows to 35~40cm of plant height Earth's surface of the bedding on the first and second ridge ground, 1~3cm of toothing when aftercrop stopped irrigating after the Frost's Descent, and it is described for helping bud fertilizer Fiery loam and people and animals' urine/urea mixed preparing obtain；

Poultry muck obtains with the following method: sorghum, wheat, soybean being crushed and be hybridly prepared into according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1 Yeast selenium and fermentation substrate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:5, add water fermentation process 70 days at 28 DEG C, will send out by fermentation substrate The product and feed of ferment carry out being mixed for raising livestock and poultry, and the feces of livestock and poultry of collection is poultry muck.

2. the method according to claim 1 for planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits in farmland, it is characterised in that: the height on the first ridge ground For 25~30cm, the width on the first ridge ground is 40~50cm, and the height on the second ridge ground is 45~50cm, and the width on the second ridge ground is 1.4~2m.

3. the method according to claim 1 for planting selenium-rich vegetables and fruits in farmland, it is characterised in that: help bud fertilizer for 50kg institute The fiery loam and 10L people and animals' urine stated are prepared to obtain.