CN100418400C - Standard planting method of medicinal lycoris radiata - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a normalized planting method of medicinal Lycoris radiate, which comprises the following steps: (1) breeding seed and sprout: reserving seed, (2) planting: selecting ground, grading, planting bed, sowing, breeding, managing sprout, (3) managing field: loosing ground, fertilizing, watering, draining, racking, trimming to remove bud, sealing soil to hibernate, (4) harvesting, grading to satisfy the standard number: GB/T18247.6-2000.

Description

A kind of normalized planting method of medicinal lycoris radiata

Technical field

The present invention relates to the medicinal plant cultivation field, relate in particular to a kind of normalized planting method of medicinal lycoris radiata.

Background technology

Short-tube lycoris claims Lycoris radiata again, is the perennial herb flowering bulb, is one of precious flowers of China, kind is numerous, and safflower, american sage herb, chrysanthemum, light red purple, lily type, long cartridge type etc. are in vain arranged, and its leaf phase is as orchid, the flower type has good ornamental value like golden lamp.Belong to Amaryllidaceae (Anaryllidaceae), Lycoris (Lycoris.herb) on Plant Taxonomy, the Latin implication of its generic name is Greek mythology sea-goddess's a name.Short-tube lycoris originates in China.

A large amount of work was done to the research of lycoris plants by China, mainly focused on and introduced a fine variety, crossbreeding and the clinical medicinal research of its alkaloid.Lycoris plants distributes about 20 kinds in the world, main product China, Japan, minority are produced Burma and Korea.China has 15 kinds, has comparative advantage, and 12 provinces distribute, all there is wild distribution in the Qinling Mountains to reach the Yangtze river basin and southwest in the south, concentrate to be distributed in area, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, wherein Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang San Sheng plant resources distribute the abundantest, the reserves maximum.The bulb of short-tube lycoris contains multiple alkaloid, mainly contain homolycorine (Homolycorine), LYCORENINE (Lycorenine), ungernine (Tazettine), lycoramine alkali (Lycoramine), lycorine (Lycorine), Pseudolycorine (Pseudolycorine) and galantamine (galanthamine, Galanthamine), also has pluvivine (Pluriine), norpluviin (Norpluriine), demethyl homolycorine (Demethylhomolycorine), hippeastrine (Hippeastrine), epigalanthamine (2-Epigalanthamine), vittatine (Hippeastrine), and haemanthidine alkaloids such as (Haemanthidine).In addition, starch-containing about 20%; Contain two kinds again composition lycoricidinol (Lycoricidinol), the lycoricidine (Lycoricidine) that suppresses plant growing and antitumaous effect arranged.Contain carbohydrate and glucoside in leaf and the petal.The pale reddish brown short-tube lycoris Lycoris of congener squamigera Waxivu, alkaloid component and this product in the bulb are basic identical, and other contains pale reddish brown short-tube lycoris (Squamigerinye).

Warm in nature, the bitter of bulb, that major function has is emetic, eliminate the phlegm, diuresis, detoxifcation, detumescence.Can be used for the treatment of food poisoning, scrofula, rheumatic arthritis, tumor in digestive tract, cancer of the stomach, liver cancer, cancer of the esophagus, cutaneum carcinoma, oophoroma, lymph cancer, lung cancer etc.The galanthamine and the lycoramine that extract then are the specific drugs of treatment sequelae of infantile paralysis.

Simultaneously, because its toxicity such as lycorine that contain is bigger, biopesticide is made in its extraction, can be used for killing mouse, maggot etc., reach other crop pests of control, and can not cause the resistance environmental pollution.

The abundant starch composition can be used for the thickener of processing alcohol and papermaking in the lycoris plants, and the natural plant gum of extraction can replace gum Arabic, also can be processed into the short-tube lycoris powder, is used for building coating.

In recent years, research to short-tube lycoris both at home and abroad strengthens gradually, the market value of short-tube lycoris is also in continuous lifting, wild short-tube lycoris can not be satisfied people's demand far away, and weak point is arranged also on its composition, human factor causes natural resources in continuous minimizing, and utilization of resources day is becoming tight, and develops demand, human beings'health demand, ecotope growth requirement that short-tube lycoris becomes market energetically.

In the new existence theory of the mankind, new life style promotes down, the status of medicine in prevention from suffering from the diseases, treatment, health care that with natural resources is raw material all the more paid attention to, and the Chinese medicine industry of integrate green, safety, prevention, health care, treating is becoming the important component part of world's medicinal industry.Country payes attention to the industry development of Chinese medicine, actively pushes forward the modernization of Chinese medicine and industrialization, and important industry will become the strategic industry of 21 century Chinese Economy Development.Short-tube lycoris is with the double characteristic of economic plants and ecological vegetable, so, greatly develop the short-tube lycoris industry, have good economic benefit and ecological benefits.

What solve that the approach of existing problem usually adopts is the implant mass method that wild short-tube lycoris is become industrialized standardization.But owing to lack the standardized planting technology, make that the planting scale of short-tube lycoris is little, planting cost is high, quality is unstable at present, be difficult to reach State Food and Drug Administration's " traditional Chinese medicine quality of production management regulation " (trying) requirement.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, and provide a kind of quality safety, effective, high-quality, stable, controlled, the establishing in large scale that can standardize, plantation small investment, the normalized planting method of the short-tube lycoris of high efficiency.

The normalized planting method of lycoris plants of the present invention may further comprise the steps:

(1) sapling multiplication

Reserve seed for planting: the bulb kind of from the short-tube lycoris of results, selecting and remain.Establish seed selection target (, promptly selecting high-class product to breed), purification and rejuvenation breeding original seed by the kind of selecting I, II, III, IV level in the grade scale as far as possible.

Store and keeping: planting the storage of ball, spends the night in the place that bulb is deposited in shady and cool ventilation, is beneficial to low temperature cooling at night.Make it to dry, with white clay charcoal and the peat composed of rotten mosses or veneer bits, water content＜35% is laid in the black plastic frame, and thick approximately 5～6cm in layer places napiform root then, separates with the veneer bits between layer and the layer, also needs the thick veneer bits of lid layer 5～6cm in the superiors.The bulb number that is loaded for one case is superfine 150,200 of one-levels, and 300 of secondarys, three grades 500, labelled at last, pack, deposit, can't run into moisture this moment again.According to label, each case bulb is stored classifiedly in the greenhouse greenhouse experiment: 1. cover the sunshade net of 90% shading rate, printing opacity 10%.2. require D/N-20/15 ℃ in the greenhouse, i.e. 20 ℃ of daytimes, in 15 ℃ of evenings, humidity＜50% is made regular check on the vanning situation, and that whether bulb has is rotten, become phenomenon such as tide, so that in time take measures.

All toxic, adsorptivity, aromaticity, saccharic is tough should preserve respectively, and it is rotten to avoid mixing taint of odour.To regularly check often airing at duration of storage.Especially to guard against damp especially at plum rain season, find to make moist, in time dry.Discovery insect pest, the plague of rats are prevented and treated early, but forbid to use the sterilization agricultural chemicals.To avoid phytotoxicity accident.

(2) cultivation

Choosing ground: the kind difference of lycoris plants, requirement to soil is also different, but all belong to dark and damp plant among the overwhelming majority, also can normal growth in thin soil of ridge and crack of stone, the appropriate to the occasion soil layer that selects in choosing ground is deep, the well-formed, fertile, loose, draining is good, is neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam; Minority varies in different localities.

Whole ground: before the cultivation short-tube lycoris, soil must be turned over, the period on whole ground with autumn and winter season for well, also to engage wholely and use sufficient base manure and carry out soil disinfection.After soil leveling rake is thin, should be according to the gentle time condition in area different bedding or ridges in addition.The form of furrow can be divided into three kinds:

1. high furrow: refer to the furrow that the furrow face is above the ground level.Common area of heavy rainfull and cultivation root and the high furrow of underground bulb more options.2. flat furrow: refer to the furrow that the furrow face is equal substantially with pavement, only make the little low bank of earth between fields all around.Usually low in subterranean water level, flat furrow are made in the deep well-drained area of soil layer.3. low furrow: refer to that the furrow face is lower than the furrow of pavement.Usually at the subterranean water level height, area, nonirrigated farmland and like moistening plant and should make to hang down furrow;

Plant bed: the seedbed that seeding and seedling raising is used can be divided into outdoor bed and plastic foil seedbed.In the warm south of weather, also can adopt the outdoor bed.The plastic mulching seedbed should be adopted in the cold north, and the place at more smooth, sunny, the close water source of physical features generally should be selected in the seedbed.Soil requires loose, fertile, well-drained sandy loam, nutrition soil.After choosing, require fully to put in order carefully to rake with growing seedlings, use sufficient base manure, remake sowing then;

The plantation of basin alms bowl: short-tube lycoris also can do the training of basin pot culture, and the kind of basin alms bowl is a lot, and biscuiting and pottery pot, plastic basin are arranged, and also has cucurbit shell, conch shell or the like all can select for use.It is that 5.8～7.8 soil is advisable that short-tube lycoris requires at PH, and potted plant soil needs draining good, not ponding.Bulb needs open country to survive the winter.Early October sowing, this moment, the maximum air temperature was no more than 30 ℃, 24 ℃ of mean of dekan temperature, suitable spider lily growth sow 10 days, and root growth is vigorous, and blade needs to keep ground moistening during prior to back green sprouting young leaves, and 5～June, blade should water after withering less.To apply phosphorus potash fertilizer once before florescence in 7～August;

Sowing:

1. autumn sowing: the area on the south 27 ° of the north latitude, winter average lowest temperature, generally more than 6 ℃, short-tube lycoris can survive the winter at open country, mostly is planted in fall, gathers in the crops cut-flower early summer in next year, the autumn sowing district mainly comprises the most of area of southwestern three provinces.Though but the short-tube lycoris producing region latitude that has is lower, height above sea level is higher, weather cold, and open country is survived the winter and is had any problem, and Shi Hang not sow in spring, and for example mean temperature of air is increased to about 5 ℃ and just can sows;

2. sow in spring: the area to the north of 35 ° of the north latitude, winter mean minimum temperature generally below-1 ℃, short-tube lycoris can not safe overwintering at open country, carry out sowed in spring more, sows in spring generally in East China or province, northeast one band.

The autumn sowing short-tube lycoris growth of seedlings phase is long, have to hang down the needs that thermoperiod can satisfy bud and bulbil differentiation fully, and before the arriving of high temperature long-day, seedling can fully grow.Be the nutrition of the growth accumulating and enriching of short-tube lycoris bulb and scape, so take out Roripa rate height, bud is full.The spring sowing short-tube lycoris is because seedling stage is short, and the hypothermic phase of downpayment experience is also short, often can not normally take out Roripa, and it is higher partly to take out the Roripa rate.The scape amount is low, but bulb is generally bigger;

3. indefinite season is broadcast: mainly refer under various ecotopes, not according to requiring season at any time culture transferring to go into various landscape site, allow its growth;

4. type of seeding: short-tube lycoris is adopted seed or plants the ball propagating materials and carry out live.Distance between rows and hills according to plantation when live requires to dig cave (line-spacing is 30-40cm, and spacing in the rows is 4-5cm), and disposable sowing success is no longer transplanted after emerging.Some kind need as seedling Cheng Miao in various growth substrate, when length arrives certain altitude, be carried out field planting, i.e. " seedling raising and transplanting " again through growing seedlings the stage;

5. seeding quantity: effective strain number of every mu is 4-6 ten thousand strains, and run-of-the-mill is poor, the thickness of sowing height, and second-rate seed kind ball, seeding quantity is big slightly;

6. sowing depth: general thickness of earth covering gets final product for 2～3 times (about 10cm) of kind of bulb diameter, and sandy loam is darker than cement loam.The arid area is darker than the wetland of manying district.Easily seeds germinated is darker than difficult seeds germinated.Onesize seed, darker than the seed of dicotyledon as monocotyledonous seed, the ratio that does not cover grass behind the planting seed covers the darker of grass.

Propagation method:

1. sexual propagation: have only ovule to develop into seed, grow and the process of the independent plant that survives, be seminal propagation by sowing.But reproduction coefficient is not high, generally without this method;

2. vegetative propagation: refer to utilize certain a part of nutrition organs of short-tube lycoris, as cut bulb etc., just under suitable condition the output whole plant similar to parent.Advantage is the merit that keeps original parent, and shortcoming is that continuous many bands carry out vegetative propagation, deterioration of variety, and reproduction coefficient is little, and transportation is difficult with storage, and the method that adopts in the production has separation, plant division, bulb separation etc.;

3. change places and change kind: the short-tube lycoris producing region was changed kind every 1～2 year to the name producing region approximately;

4. detoxic seedling breeding:

I. breaking dormancy phase: the fresh bulb of freshly harvested placed under 5～10 ℃ the temperature 30～45 days, and, be convenient in time carry out Shoot Tip Culture with breaking dormancy;

Ii. pre-detoxification: place 36～38 ℃ of temperature to make viral passivation in following about 30 days on the bulb behind the breaking dormancy.Can improve virus elimination rate, produce more healthy seedling;

Iii. surface sterilization: with the short-tube lycoris brown is membranous peel off after, be placed among 2% the liquor natrii hypochloritis sterilization 15 minutes, and with aseptic water washing for several times, dropped into again in 75% alcohol and soaked 20 seconds, take out the back and on alcolhol burner, burn, in superclean bench, dissect the stem apex that cuts long 0.6～1mm;

Iv. induce and sprout: medium is formulated with B5+6-benzyl purine 3mg/l+ naa 0.1mg/l, be divided in some triangular flasks, and under 121 ℃ of temperature, autoclaving 15～20 minutes, the cooling back is standby.The stem apex that downcuts is inoculated on the medium immediately, and rearmounted illumination box of seal or group are trained on the indoor culturing rack.Condition of culture is: fluorescent lamp, artificial light source 2500～3000 were reined in (Ke Si) 16 hours, dark 8 hours phases, 23～25 ℃; (main feature of B5 medium is to contain lower ammonium, and this is because ammonium may have inhibitory action to the growth of many cultures.Its collocation method is: KNO ₃2500mg/l; FeSO ₄7H ₂O 27.8mg/l; CaCl ₂2H ₂O 150mg/l; CuSO ₄5H ₂O0.025mg/l; MgSO ₄7H ₂O 250mg/l; Sucrose 40mg/l; (NH ₄) ₂SO ₄134mg/l; KI 0.75mg/l; Inositol 100mg/l; H ₃BO ₄3.0mg/l; Nicotinic acid 1.0mg/l; MnSO ₄4H ₂O10mg/l; Puridoxine hydrochloride 1.0mg/l; ZnSO ₄7H ₂O 2.0mg/l; Kinetin 0.1mg/l; Na ₂MoO ₄2H ₂O 0.25mg/l; 2,4-D0.1-1.0mg/l; CoCl ₂6H ₂O 0.025mg/l; Hydrochloric acid sulphur ammonium 10mg/l; Na ₂-EDTA37.3mg/l; PH5.5)

V. root induction: be transferred on the root induction medium of B5+ naa 0.053mg/l when seedling length is high to 2～3cm, cultivation is taken root the seedling base portion under same condition of culture;

Vi. transplant test-tube plantlet, breed the former seed of detoxification;

Vii. solarium's expanding propagation detoxification generation and two generation original seed;

Viii. seed is produced with expanding propagation and is planted;

5. tissue culture: utilize biological cell engineering technology, promptly utilize tissue or the cell of plant,, produce callus, induce differentiation to finish the new technology of complete new plant by artificial aseptic cultured in vitro.This method is not subjected to condition restriction, can realize batch production production;

6. seedling raising and transplanting: generally in late July, late August finishes, and is lower or seedling raise period is later as ground temperature then, can be at the back covering with plastic film of growing seedlings;

7. seed sowing: the seed treatment of live short-tube lycoris bulb and live time are to " " roughly similar, also in late July, late August finishes seedling raising and transplanting, but live line-spacing is 30～40cm, and spacing in the rows is 4～5cm; Mu effectively strain number is 4～60,000 strains.The quantity of required seed or kind ball during the unit are upper seeding wheel, according to seeding method, thousand grain weigth is planted the ball germination rate, the decision of situations such as thickness of sowing.Run-of-the-mill is poor, the thickness of sowing height, and the seed of cleanliness difference, seeding quantity is big slightly;

Seedling management:

1. grow seedlings in land, should little arch film.Raise seedling in greenhouse also should note keeping the humidity (about 75%) and the temperature in seedbed in the canopy;

2. temperature: keep the bulb germination temperature at 12～18 ℃;

3. topdress: growth of seedling mainly is by the nutrient of preserving in the napiform root, thus in time avoid " moving back mother " or phenomenons such as " mashed female ", so will water " moving back mother " preceding in time topdressing.(type of topdressing is: microorganism quick-acting fertilizer, NPK 〉=6% wherein, organic matter 〉=30%, living bacteria count 〉=2,000,000/gram, middle trace element 〉=10%, 2-4mm particle.)

4. fill the gaps with seedlings: in time now examine after rice shoot is planted, some can be floated by wind water, immediately replanting or fill the gaps with seedlings.

(3) field management

Loose ground: planting seed is successfully emerged the back to field planting; comprise a series of control measures such as thinning, final singling, covering, intertillage, rich water; the several intertill and clean tillage will be carried out in the field; behind perennial Lycoris intertill and clean tillage; the harmony squama (i.e. ridging protection short-tube lycoris bulb) of also will earthing up, protection plant safety is got over the summer.Simultaneously can strengthen tenability, prevent the plant lodging;

Topdress: generally adopt microbiology class quick-acting fertilizer.Apply soil or be sprayed directly on the plant blade face.The period of topdressing is generally before the period of seedling establishment or rudiment after field planting, take out Roripa bloom preceding or seed collection after or before bulb expands.Topdressing method is different different because of kind, planting type.Generally can be divided into and spread fertilizer over the fields, row replacement, circulating application, spread manuer in holes.Top dressing is meant fertilizer dilution back directly is sprayed onto on the base of leaf of plant with sprayer.Absorb the method that satisfies the plant nutrition needs by base of leaf.Can be equipped with trace element, microorganism fertilizer etc. in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio.Time should select fine day or cloudy day to carry out, and the rainy day easily causes the loss of fertilizer;

Water, draining: when natural water is not enough, can influence the normal physiological activity of plant, so want manual priming's supply; When natural precipitation is too much, just should in time fails ditch and discharge surplus water.The Lycoris plant need be preserved moisture for a long time, and temp. and humidity is about 75% relatively.Take out scape that should to keep humidity for a long time be about 85%.Can not water in flowering stage, can only spray, because the how mashed root of water;

Cool canopy support: when lycoris plants grows into certain altitude after field planting, must set up frame or set up a hurdle,, but will ventilate, reduce the harm of disease worm to reduce humidity in order to increase degree of shading;

Bud is taken in training: the blade that has when 4～5 reach 40cm, can form false stem long, influences its normal development, so when plantation, can cut short false stem; Can suitably peel off the hoop stratiform or scratch, to eliminate or to reduce adverse effect the fan-catcher leaf with blade;

Seal soil to hibernate: cultivation perennial herb short-tube lycoris, some fashion prematurity before frost arrives should be taked winter protection, antifreezing measures.Its method mainly contains: regulate sowing time, avoid severe cold, freezeup period; The water smoking cigarette is frozen in embedding; Cover, wrap up, earth up; Enrich phosphorus, potash fertilizer; Measure such as pinching and training makes it safe overwintering;

(4) gather and process

Collecting time-kind of ball is gathered: all can gather throughout the year, but best collecting time is spring or autumn the i.e. withered and scape of leaf when extraction and blossom fall and leaf do not grow, the bulb that gather this moment best in quality, the easiest preservation.The kind ball of gathering should be removed deadwood, withered stem, undesirable root.When gathering, generally be chosen at finely, reveal the morning disappeared morning and carry out, so that take post processing;

Collecting method-kind of ball is gathered: hand digging.When taking, the not serious root that leans on of excavation that at first loosens the soil around the short-tube lycoris bulb directly digs down, in order to avoid dig branch, the bulb of being completely cured, and adopt less than complete bulb.Be also noted that the epidermis that does not hurt napiform root when gathering, will classify when gathering that safflower should separate with chrysanthemum, be sure not to obscure,, can keep the scape about 10 centimetres for the flower that has ended, the colored all risk insurance of not opening stays scape, adopts the back napiform root and does not clean, and ball and soil are taken back together;

Processing method: excavate bulb after autumn, remove earth, clean, dry, section, abrasive dust;

Grade scale: in flowering bulb, normally come classification, determine the standard of specification ball with kind of a ball girth diameter size.Standard No. is: GB/T 18247.6-2000

Kind of ball quality points 3 grades.Index divided rank with girth diameter, plumpness, damage by disease and insect.When each correlation technique index of grade does not belong to one-level, with single index low decide grade.Technical stipulation is as follows: the I grade standard: girth diameter 〉=11, plumpness are excellent; The II grade standard: girth diameter 9～11, plumpness are excellent; The III grade standard: girth diameter 7～9, plumpness are excellent; The IV grade standard: girth diameter 5～7, plumpness are excellent; The V grade standard: girth diameter≤5, plumpness is undefined.

Wherein, girth diameter: with the girth of girth diameter dimensional measurement bulb, reading is accurate to 1cm.Plumpness: undertaken by GB 2772-1999 the 7th chapter.Damage by disease and insect: undertaken by GB 2772-1999 the 8th chapter.Sampling: undertaken by GB 2772-1999 the 3rd chapter.

The normalized planting method of described short-tube lycoris is characterized in that aspect fertilising, because of short-tube lycoris reacts good to the fertilizer that is rich in humus, and increase yield significantly.The nitrogen that absorb breeding time is maximum, and potassium takes second place, and phosphorus is minimum.Every according to the study 667m ²The place of production needs absorbed nitrogen 15kg, phosphorus 5kg, potassium 15kg.The nitrogen phosphorus potassium amount that the nutrient that the growth of germination period and seedling phase is mainly preserved by bulb absorbs from soil seldom, so on the basis of using base manure, do not need to execute again seed manure, particularly with carbonic hydroammonium, ammonium nitrate, when urea is made seed manure, root system is had corrosiveness.Enter scape after elongating stage, absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium increase sharply.Fertile kind is based on nitrogenous fertilizer.Expand the later stage at bulb, absorptive amount reduces, and generally no longer topdresses.

The normalized planting method of described short-tube lycoris, its feature also can comprise following extermination of disease and insect pest step:

The control of I, rot: soaked 30 minutes with 0.3% copper sulfate solution before 1. bulb is planted, wash, dry the back plantation.2. plant after 30 minutes with 500 times of liquid of carbendazim or 1000 times of liquid immersions of 50% carbendazim of 25%.3. note removing diseased plant at any time, the sanitation and hygiene in land for growing field crops reduce cause of disease and contaminate probability.

The control of II, anthracnose: 1. wipe out the disease leaf, remove invalid body, concentrate and burn.2. planting density is not overstocked, keeps ventilation and penetrating light, avoids directly watering plant.3. select disease-resistant variety for use, cultivate healthy and strong plant, improve resistance against diseases.Can spray the special 2500 times of circulation liquid of 50% benzene Lay when 4. plant falls ill, 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, 70% holds in the palm not 1000 times of liquid in Tianjin.

The control of III, brown spot: 1. collect susceptible leaf spring and burn minimizing dip-dye source.2. the measure of strengthening management, applying organic manure and P.K fertilizer are in time taked precautions against drought into ponding, to strengthen resistance.3. 500 times of liquid of disease early spray zineb or Baume 3～5 degree stone sulphur add up to 1: 100～200 times bordeaux mixture, 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim etc.

The control of IV, aphid: 1. wipe out the disease leaf, residual branch is concentrated and is burnt.2. spray 1059 or 1605 of 1000～1500 times of liquid.Spray 1500 times Rogor, the florescence should be used bromine chrysanthemum fat or remove middle center or the chrysanthemum control, in order to avoid the injury petal.

The control of V, shell insects: 1. when introducing a fine variety and far transfer nursery stock, must strengthen quarantine.2. secateurs deinsectization branch is concentrated to be burnt in conjunction with dredging.3. in the larva incubation period or spray 1000 times of liquid of 50% phoxim, 1500 times of liquid of 40% flolimat, 1000 times of liquid of 25% phosmet.

The control of VI, nocturnal moth class: 1. eliminate the worm attitude of surviving the winter in conjunction with digging winter.2. utilize the phototaxis of adult, establish black light and catch the center of following closely into.3. larva harm can be sprayed 50% the phase and killed 1000 times of liquid of snout moth's larva powder, the degree of depth 100,000,000/milliliter table entomogenous fungi liquid, and bacillus thuringensis, bacillus thruingensis, every gram contains 500～700 times of liquid of the bacterium powder of spore more than 10,000,000,000 sprays, and effect is all good.4. manual catching and killing's pieces of an egg and the not newly hatched larvae of diffusion.5. use acetate solution (sugar: vinegar: water=3: 1: 6) add a small amount of chlorophos stomach poison trapping adult.

The control of VII, mite class: 1. 1000 times of liquid roots of 20% dicofol are irritated.2. thermal treatment napiform root is gone into 43 ℃ of emerge in worm water foam plastics hour, and certain control efficiency is arranged.3. soil disinfection and crop rotation.

In a word, along with modern agriculture and development of biology, for the control of damage by disease and insect, on the whole, the main method of using of preventing and treating have following some:

I, plant quarantine

Determine internal and external quarantine object, carry out place of production quarantine, allocation and transportation quarantine and plant experimentally quarantine, guarantee the safety of introducing a fine variety.

II, the anti-anti-sick worm kind of utilization

From introducing a fine variety good disease-resistant worm kind both at home and abroad, in the process of introducing a fine variety, must plant experimentally, understand the adaptability of introduced variety to local cause of disease biological strain and insect, in addition, should also be noted that: the kind rational deployment, avoid the kind unification; Kind by turns; The purification and rejuvenation of kind are wiped out the disease leaf or dial to be removed the heavier plant of pathology, to reduce the dip-dye source; Avoid continuous cropping or plant non-Lycoris kind in the Lycoris garden; Avoid short-tube lycoris that the field gathers and in spite of illness or non-plant of disinfecting bring in the garden, avoid cross-infection;

III, cultural control

Purpose is to create the good condition of growing for plant, improves its resistant to diseases and insects, and suppresses the generation of damage by disease and insect, makes its healthy growth, and method commonly used has: 1., with selecting suitable garden; 2., strict control ground threshing sanitary condition; 3., rich water quality management; 4., select healthy anosis propagating materials for use; 5., reinforcement is to the tending management of plant; 6., regulate temperature and humidity in the nursery or the like, when introducing a fine variety, avoid producing wound, breaking with the short-tube lycoris bulb as far as possible, and before plantation necessary removal of contamination, remove unnecessary rete.Bulb was immersed 1% formalin 0.5～1.0 hour again, or 500 times of liquid of 5% carbendazim 12 hours, or 0.1% liter of yellow solution soaked 0.5～1.0 hour, reduce primary infection;

IV, physico mechanical control

Refer to utilize simple tool and light, temperature, humidity, heat, electricity, radiant to wait the method for prevention and elimination of disease and pests;

[1], the insect pest method of preventing and treating commonly used:

1. catch and kill; 2. trapping; 3. resistance is killed; 4. high temperature desinsection; 5. steriliation by irradiation

[2], the disease method of preventing and treating commonly used

1. the hot water treatment of seedling: ill nursery stock can be handled with hot blast, and temperature is 35-40 ℃, processing time 1-4 week; Also available 40-50 ℃ warm water is handled, and soak time is 10 minutes to 3 hours, and the plant after the processing is used cold water drip washing.Thermal treatment will experimentize in advance, will slowly heat up during processing, must guard against rapid rising, should make plant that a warm exercise of adaptation is arranged, and generally since 25 ℃, raises 2 ℃ every day, and temperature reaches 37 ± 1 ℃ treatment temperature after 6-7 days.

2. the thermal treatment of soil: the thermal treatment of modern greenhouse soil is to use heat steam (90-100 ℃), and the processing time is 30 minutes; Utilizing solar heat to handle soil also is effective measures, in 7-8 month soil is shakeout and to do the ridge, the ridge is to being the north-south, back covered with plastic film (25um is thick to be advisable) waters, during covering, maintain 10-15 days fine day, 60-70 ℃ of topsoil temperature high speed killed the pathogen in the soil basically.

3. mechanical iris action: overlay film is propagated pathogen and has been played mechanical iris action, and soil temperature, humidity improve behind the coverlay, quickens rotting of invalid body, has reduced source of infection.

V, biological control

Biological control is a method of utilizing biological or its metabolite Pest Control and disease.It comprises and utilizes pest natural enemy as virus, bacterium, fungi, protozoa and rickettsia-like organism and nematode, spider, insectivore etc., the parasite of the antagonistic microbe of the phytopathy original such as bacterium, fungi, nematode, antibiotic etc.The biological control of insect pests method promptly comprises with worm and controls worm, controls worm with bacterium, controls worm with bird, controls worm and other useful animals are controlled worm etc. with hormone.There was modern age the people that sterile technology, genetic control and hormone are controlled the category that worm etc. is all listed biological control in.

VI, chemical control

Be meant a kind of method with pesticide control pest, germ, nematode, mite class, weeds and other noxious animals.

[1], the chemical pesticide of preventing and treating disease mainly comprises

1. inorganic fungicide: bordeaux mixture, lime sulfur etc.Available 1% bordeaux mixture or 500 times of liquid of 75% tpn, 1000 times of liquid of 70% first holder, 800 times of liquid of zineb spray between period of disease;

2. organic bactericide: charcoal Trane, Shibaoling, polysulfide barium, encyclopaedia, procymidone, can kill, can prevent and treat anthracnose, leaf blight, eqpidemic disease, red rust, gray mold, rot etc.Sodium-o-phenyl phenolate is prevented the storage period disease.

3. farm antibiotics: have efficient free from environmental pollution to advantages such as person poultry safeties.Streptomycin, terramycin, antimycoin 120, kasugarnycin, jinggangmycin, neiliaosu etc.

4. nematocide: gram line pellet, ammoniacal liquor, lime.

[2], pest control will note in good time medication, common pesticides is as follows:

1. organophosphorus insecticide; 2. carbamate insecticide, organonitrogenous insecticide, pyrethroid insecticides, benzoylphenyl urea compound, fumigant (aluminum phosphate) etc.; 3. vegetable insecticide: nicotine preparation, rotenone etc.; 4. microorganism insecticide: BT preparation, white muscardine fungi preparation etc.; 5. other class: resin soap emulsifiable concentrate; 6. miticide: acetamiprid, methamidophos, fenisobromolate etc.

[3]., plant growth regulator

Be to have a phytohormone activity, growth and development of plants is played the chemical substance of the synthetic of important regulating action, as phytocytomine, brassin lactones, paclobutrazol, 920, IDALL receive etc.

[4], weed killer herbicide

Be to be used for the medicament of controlling weeds and noxious plant, weed killer herbicide by the purposes and the mode of action can be divided into selectivity, the natural disposition of going out, tagging property, systemic herbicide four classes.As Acetochlor, superstar's (broad-leaved is clean), smart quizalofopethyl, prestige despot etc.

At last, the extermination of disease and insect pest should be emphasized the policy of " putting prevention first; the comprehensive regulation ", implement " based on agrotechnical measures, making full use of plant biological ecotone in blocks interdependence, the objective law of mutual restriction; coordinate the various methods of preventing and treating such as biology, physics, chemistry; " with suiting measures to local conditions, the short-tube lycoris high yield is increased income, realize our set objective to reach economic, safety, the Pest Control purpose of not causing disaster effectively.

The normalized planting method of described short-tube lycoris, its feature also can comprise following existing problems and solution route:

(1) it is bad to take out Roripa

Short-tube lycoris take out the inheritance that Roripa depends primarily on kind, have and take out Roripa fully, not exclusively take out the branch of Roripa.But be originally the kind of taking out Roripa fully sometimes, the phenomenon of not taking out Roripa or not exclusively taking out Roripa in a large number but occurred.This is owing to the environmental condition discomfort or cultivation step is improper causes.Storage period is to the bulb of breaking dormancy phase, or budding period after planting and seedling phase, just can break up bud and bulbil under 0～10 ℃ of low temperature after 30～40 days.Under high temperature and long-day condition, just can develop into the bulb of normally taking out Roripa then.Just run into high temperature and long-day condition if experience the deficiency of time of low temperature, bud and bulb can not normal differentiation, will produce the plant of not taking out Roripa or not exclusively taking out Roripa, and the bulb head diminish weight reduction.

(2) split a mashed squama

The outer coversheet of bulb is tightly to be wrapped in by the multilayer sepia is membranous, if wrap few by the blade film of bulb, bulb diaphragm can be burst when loose or the leaf sheath breakage, rot, the bulb external pressure reduces, or bulb is mouldy rotten, phenomenons such as living maggot, the reason that produces this phenomenon has the following aspects: the kind relation; Subterranean water level height, soil property are glued heavy; Date of seeding, is improper; Field management measure is improper; Collecting time and method are improper, after the bulb results, connect and meet wet weather; Storage practice is improper.

(3) onion garlic

The bulb base portion does not expand, and does not form real bulb likeness in form shallot, so name " onion garlic ".One of major reason that produces the onion garlic is because bulb bud or after planting not experience the low temperature and the cultivation management of enough fates extensive.Seedling is when growth is thin and weak, and bulbil can not break up, and can not form bulb, also can produce " onion garlic ".In addition, bulb is loose especially, and when diauxic growth takes place, also easily produces " onion garlic ".Obviously this is because nutrient focuses in the mitogenetic bulb, has suppressed the cause that bulb is grown.

(4) blade tip is withered and yellow

The short-tube lycoris leaf is withered and yellow except may taking place in the mashed squama phase, also may take place in other periods.Its reason mainly contains: vegetative period the nutrient supply deficiency; Winter antecedent soil moisture, the water supply deficiency; Soil drainage is bad, and root system respiration is obstructed; Soil is sticking heavy and cultivated soil layer is shallow, and Root Distribution is shallow, is subject to the wet excessively influence of soil overdrying, and when spring temperature rose, performance obviously.

(5) the withered and yellow degree difference of blade tip

Preventing or alleviating the withered and yellow fundamental way of blade tip is to select lower, the well-drained sandy loam plantation of subterranean water level, carries out high bedding cultivation and preserves moisture, and adds the deep ploughing soil layer, promotes well developed root system.Keep more stable soil moisture.Avoiding neglecting doing neglects wet and the required nutrient supply of assurance bulb.

(6) " paralysed seedling "

Short-tube lycoris does not reach the false cauline leaf deliquescing of plant harvest time, and blade is withered and yellow, thin and weak, paralysis volt early ageing phenomenon on the ground, can have a strong impact on the yield and quality of short-tube lycoris, and the reason that produces paralysis is: the kind relation; Underground damage by disease and insect is serious, and the soil insect root system bulb of causing harm weakens the plant water absorbing capacity; Rich water quality management is improper, and young plant malnutrition or excessive applied nitrogen make seedling long suddenly.

(7) hoop leaf

The short-tube lycoris leaf is that nature is upheld when growing.The blade that has when 4～5 reach 40cm, has a shape as the brown scapus film of " hoop " the blade portion of closing to be waled long in the blade stage casing.Make blade can not normal development due to.When plantation, can cut short scape; Can suitably peel off the hoop stratiform, or scratch, to eliminate or the adverse effect of fan-catcher leaf with blade.

The normalized planting method of described short-tube lycoris, its feature also can comprise following content:

Temperature condition: because short-tube lycoris is the plant that the dark and damp cold air of hobby is waited, the bulb by resting stage at 12～25 ℃, high temperature more than 30 ℃ to having sprouted inhibitory action, so planted in fall too early or cross when late, is emerged slowly.The preference temperature of seedling phase is 12～16 ℃, low temperature that can anti-short time-10 ℃, and winter, per day lowest temperature was in the area more than-6 ℃.The autumn sowing short-tube lycoris can be crossed in open country safety.The differentiation of short-tube lycoris bud and bulbil all needs low temperature, after bulb duration of storage or plantation, stands the low temperature 1～2 month below 10 ℃, except very little bulb, can break up bud and bulbil.The growth thermophilic of scape and bulb is 15～25 ℃, and when temperature surpassed 25 ℃, cauline leaf was withered and yellow gradually, bulb increases and to slow down to stopping, thus no matter be autumn sowing or sow in spring, even differ sowing time bigger, and that the maturing stage of bulb all differs is very little, sows to cause bulb output to be fallen greatly late;

Illumination condition: scape and bulb are grown except being subjected to Temperature Influence, also relevant with the length of light application time, the different ecological kind is incomplete same to the reaction of the length of illumination, low-temp reaction responsive type kind, light application time length is little to the influence that scape grows, and the growth of bulb is advisable with illumination in 12 hours, under illumination in 8 hours, it is poor slightly that bulb is grown, the low-temp reaction intermediate variety, under illumination in 12 hours, scape physically well develops, under illumination in 8 hours, and the scape depauperation, bulb is grown not too good under illumination in 13～14 hours, the blunt type kind of low-temp reaction, scape grows the illumination of wanting more than 13 hours, under illumination in 12 hours, generally also do not form bulb, bulb is grown needs certain illumination;

Moisture condition: the root system of short-tube lycoris has to be had shallowly deeply, and the root hair is more, and the root hair plays water sorption, and the suction scope varies, and the kind that has is also more drought-resistant, but different growing to soil moisture require variant.The soil moisture of after planting having relatively high expectations promotes root of hair and germination.The seedling phase will suitably be reduced soil moisture, prevents that young plant is long suddenly, promotes that root system develops in depth, and avoids the short-tube lycoris bulb to cross under the wet condition at soil and rots, and growth of seedling is caused adverse effect.But, the normal spring drought of meeting in the area of sowing in spring, soil water evaporation is fast, the easy accumulation of salt in the surface soil in ground, the corrosion bulb, if at this moment the humidity of soil is low, growth of seedling is slow, and blade can produce yellow sharp phenomenon.So will grasp flexibly according to climatic condition then, move back after female the end, the short-tube lycoris leaf growth is accelerated the consumption of moisture.Keep soil with high humidity, promote the growth of plant, for the differentiation of bud, bulbil with grow and lay foundation, scape elongation and bulb expanding stage are vigorous day by day periods of spider lily growth, the soil moisture of having relatively high expectations, when bulb fully expands, root system flavescence gradually is withered, and the several layers of leaf sheath in bulb outside dry out gradually, when becoming membranous brown shape, soil moisture be should reduce, rotten blackening of bulb crust and insect pest prevented;

Soil condition: short-tube lycoris is because the strong and weak difference of root system absorptivity, requirement to soil fertility is also different, but generally suit be rich in organic good permeability, water conservation, sandy loam that drainage performance is good or loam matrix soil, cultivations such as medium soil, in addition, also should be noted that and select high-land or the lower location cultivation short-tube lycoris of subterranean water level, as on the soil of subterranean water level height and impeded drainage, planting bulb, might rot ball, simultaneously the bulb expanding stage is short, and output reduces, and plants in the low and well-drained soil in subterranean water level, the expanding stage of bulb is longer, and output is higher.Short-tube lycoris happiness subacidity soil.Suitable soil hydrogen ion concentration is about 1000～2000 and receives and rub/liter (pH value is 5.8～7.8).Plant short-tube lycoris in the big soil of alkalescence, bulb rots easily, and plant strain growth is bad, and bulb diminishes;

Biotic factor: short-tube lycoris plant and biotic habitat on every side have confidential relation; some microorganism such as fungi, virus, nematode and insect etc.; harmful to short-tube lycoris; subject to infect,, may cause that No kernels or seeds are gathered, as in a year of scarcity as untimely control; but some biotic factor; as useful fungi and insects such as armillaria mellea, white muscardine fungi, bacillus thuringiensis,Bt and honeybee, coccinella septempunctatas, be favourable to the cultivation short-tube lycoris, should be protected and be utilized.

The normalized planting method of short-tube lycoris of the present invention, compared with prior art, can guarantee to meet the requirement of State Food and Drug Administration's " traditional Chinese medicine quality of production management regulation " (trying), under normal time situation, the Amaryllidaceae Lycoris is the herbaceous plant of life in 1～4 year, the underground napiform root of tool, taking out Roripa in 1 year blooms once, common fruit is planted not yet done, also has fewer energy ripe, and the complete short-tube lycoris plant of a strain comprises bulb, blade, scape, petal, involucre and seed.But 1-4 crude drug short-tube lycoris per mu yield commodity short-tube lycoris bulb 2500～3500kg or drystone garlic commodity powder 800～1200g.Short-tube lycoris quality safety, effective, high-quality, stable, controlled, the establishing in large scale that can standardize, plantation small investment, high efficiency, from the input-output analysis of short-tube lycoris plant husbandry, short-tube lycoris plantation investment is little, cycle is short, and high efficiency can drive expanding economy, solves quite a few labor problem; Simultaneously, development short-tube lycoris industry improves peasant's quality and the culture of prosperity rural society and has very important facilitation for optimizing and revising the structure of agricultural production.The short-tube lycoris industry has characteristics such as industry chain (supply chain) is long, added value is high, growth is good, market prospects are wide, accelerate the short-tube lycoris industry development, it is cultivated into the pillar industry of local economy,, realize that the great-leap-forward development of regional economy has irreplaceable impetus growth regional economy strength.In a word, develop the short-tube lycoris industry energetically and not only can create considerable economic results in society, can also bring good ecological environment benefit.

Embodiment

(1) sapling multiplication

Reserve seed for planting: the bulb kind of from the short-tube lycoris of results, selecting and remain.Establish seed selection target (, promptly selecting high-class product to breed), purification and rejuvenation breeding original seed by the kind of selecting I, II, III, IV level in the grade scale as far as possible.

Store and keeping: planting the storage of ball, spends the night in the place that bulb is deposited in shady and cool ventilation, is beneficial to low temperature cooling at night.Make it to dry, with white clay charcoal and the peat composed of rotten mosses or veneer bits, water content＜35% is laid in the black plastic frame, and thick approximately 5～6cm in layer places napiform root then, separates with the veneer bits between layer and the layer, also needs the thick veneer bits of lid layer 5～6cm in the superiors.The bulb number that is loaded for one case is superfine 150,200 of one-levels, 300 of secondarys, three grades 500, labelled at last, pack, deposit, can't run into moisture this moment again, according to label, each case bulb is stored classifiedly in the greenhouse greenhouse experiment: 1. cover the sunshade net of 90% shading rate, printing opacity 10%.2. require D/N-20/15 ℃ in the greenhouse, i.e. 20 ℃ of daytimes, in 15 ℃ of evenings, humidity＜50% is made regular check on the vanning situation, and that whether bulb has is rotten, become phenomenon such as tide, so that in time take measures.

All toxic, adsorptivity, aromaticity, saccharic is tough should preserve respectively, and it is rotten to avoid mixing taint of odour.To regularly check often airing at duration of storage.Especially to guard against damp especially at plum rain season, find to make moist, in time dry.Discovery insect pest, the plague of rats are prevented and treated early, but forbid to use the sterilization agricultural chemicals.To avoid phytotoxicity accident.

(2) cultivation

Choosing ground: the kind difference of lycoris plants is also different to the requirement of soil.But all belong to dark and damp plant among the overwhelming majority, also can normal growth in thin soil of ridge and crack of stone.The appropriate to the occasion soil layer that selects in choosing ground is deep, the well-formed, fertile, loose, draining is good, is neutrality or slightly acidic sandy loam, minority varies in different localities.

Whole ground: before the cultivation short-tube lycoris, soil must be turned over, the period on whole ground with autumn and winter season for well, also to engage wholely and use sufficient base manure and carry out soil disinfection.After soil leveling rake is thin, should be according to short-tube lycoris kind different with growth characteristics and regional different bedding or ridge in addition with weather conditions.The form of furrow can be divided into three kinds:

1. high furrow: refer to the furrow that the furrow face is above the ground level.Common area of heavy rainfull and cultivation root and the high furrow of underground bulb more options.2. flat furrow: refer to the furrow that the furrow face is equal substantially with pavement, only make the little low bank of earth between fields all around.Usually low in subterranean water level, flat furrow are made in the deep well-drained area of soil layer.3. low furrow: refer to that the furrow face is lower than the furrow of pavement.Usually at the subterranean water level height, area, nonirrigated farmland and like moistening plant and should make to hang down furrow;

Plant bed: the seedbed that seeding and seedling raising is used can be divided into outdoor bed and plastic foil seedbed.In the warm south of weather.Also can adopt the outdoor bed.The plastic mulching seedbed should be adopted in the cold north, and the place at more smooth, sunny, the close water source of physical features generally should be selected in the seedbed.Soil requires loose, fertile, well-drained sandy loam, nutrition soil.After choosing, require fully to put in order carefully to rake with growing seedlings, use sufficient base manure, remake sowing then;

The plantation of basin alms bowl: short-tube lycoris also can do the training of basin pot culture, and the kind of basin alms bowl is a lot, and biscuiting and pottery pot, plastic basin are arranged, and also has cucurbit shell, conch shell or the like all can select for use.It is that 5.8～7.8 soil is advisable that short-tube lycoris requires at PH.Potted plant soil needs draining good, not ponding.Bulb needs open country to survive the winter.Early October sowing, this moment, the maximum air temperature was no more than 30 ℃, 24 ℃ of mean of dekan temperature, suitable spider lily growth sow 10 days, and root growth is vigorous, and blade needs to keep ground moistening during prior to back green sprouting young leaves, and 5～June, blade should water after withering less.To apply phosphorus potash fertilizer once before florescence in 7～August;

Sowing:

1. autumn sowing: the area on the south 27 ° of the north latitude, winter average lowest temperature, generally more than 6 ℃, short-tube lycoris can survive the winter at open country, mostly is planted in fall, gathers in the crops cut-flower early summer in next year, the autumn sowing district mainly comprises the most of area of southwestern three provinces.Though but the short-tube lycoris producing region latitude that has is lower, height above sea level is lower, weather cold, and open country is survived the winter and is had any problem, and then carries out and sows in spring, and for example mean temperature of air is increased to about 5 ℃ and just can sows;

2. sow in spring: the area to the north of 35 ° of the north latitude, winter mean minimum temperature generally below-1 ℃, short-tube lycoris can not safe overwintering at open country, carry out sowed in spring more, sows in spring generally in East China or province, northeast one band.The autumn sowing short-tube lycoris growth of seedlings phase is long, have to hang down the needs that thermoperiod can satisfy bud and bulbil differentiation fully, and before the arriving of high temperature long-day, seedling can fully grow.Be the nutrition of the growth accumulating and enriching of short-tube lycoris bulb and scape, so take out Roripa rate height, bud is full.The spring sowing short-tube lycoris is because seedling stage is short, and the hypothermic phase of downpayment experience is also short, often can not normally take out Roripa, and it is higher partly to take out the Roripa rate.The scape amount is low, but bulb is generally bigger;

3. indefinite season is broadcast: mainly refer under various ecotopes, not according to requiring season at any time culture transferring to go into various landscape site, allow its growth;

4. type of seeding: short-tube lycoris is adopted seed or plants the ball propagating materials and carry out live.Distance between rows and hills according to plantation when live requires to dig cave (line-spacing is 30-40cm, and spacing in the rows is 4-5cm), and disposable sowing success is no longer transplanted after emerging.The needs of some kind as seedling Cheng Miao in various growth substrate, when length arrives certain altitude, carry out field planting, i.e. " seedling raising and transplanting " through growing seedlings the stage again;

5. seeding quantity: effective strain number of every mu is 4-6 ten thousand strains, and run-of-the-mill is poor, the thickness of sowing height, and second-rate seed kind ball, seeding quantity is big slightly;

6. sowing depth: general thickness of earth covering gets final product for 2～3 times (about 10cm) of kind of bulb diameter.Sandy loam is darker than cement loam.The arid area is darker than the wetland of manying district.Easily seeds germinated is darker than difficult seeds germinated.Onesize seed, darker than the seed of dicotyledon as monocotyledonous seed, the ratio that does not cover grass behind the planting seed covers the darker of grass;

Propagation method:

1. sexual propagation: have only ovule to develop into seed, grow and the process of the independent plant that survives, be seminal propagation by sowing.But reproduction coefficient is not high, generally without this method;

2. vegetative propagation: refer to utilize certain a part of nutrition organs of short-tube lycoris, as cut bulb etc., just under suitable condition the output whole plant similar to parent.Advantage is the merit that keeps original parent, and shortcoming is that continuous many bands carry out vegetative propagation, deterioration of variety, and reproduction coefficient is little.Transportation is difficult with storage, and the employing method has separation, plant division, bulb separation etc. in the production;

3. change places and change kind: the short-tube lycoris producing region was changed kind every 1～2 year to the name producing region approximately;

4. detoxic seedling breeding:

I. breaking dormancy phase: the fresh bulb of freshly harvested placed under 5～10 ℃ the temperature 30～45 days, and, be convenient in time carry out Shoot Tip Culture with breaking dormancy;

Ii. pre-detoxification: place 36～38 ℃ of temperature to make viral passivation in following about 30 days on the bulb behind the breaking dormancy.Can improve virus elimination rate, produce more healthy seedling;

Iii. surface sterilization: with the short-tube lycoris brown is membranous peel off after, be placed among 2% the liquor natrii hypochloritis sterilization 15 minutes, and with aseptic water washing for several times, dropped into again in 75% alcohol and soaked 20 seconds, take out the back and on alcolhol burner, burn, in superclean bench, dissect the stem apex that cuts long 0.6～1mm;

Iv. induce and sprout: medium is formulated with B5+6-benzyl purine 3mg/l+ naa 0.1mg/l, be divided in some triangular flasks, and under 121 ℃ of temperature, autoclaving 15～20 minutes, the cooling back is standby.The stem apex that downcuts is inoculated on the medium immediately, and rearmounted illumination box of seal or group are trained on the indoor culturing rack.Condition of culture is: fluorescent lamp, artificial light source 2500～3000 were reined in (Ke Si) 16 hours, dark 8 hours phases, 23～25 ℃.(main feature of B5 medium is to contain lower ammonium, and this is because ammonium may have inhibitory action to the growth of many cultures.Its collocation method is: KNO ₃2500mg/l; FeSO ₄7H ₂O 27.8mg/l; CaCl ₂2H ₂O 150mg/l; CuSO ₄5H ₂O0.025mg/l; MgSO ₄7H ₂O 250mg/l; Sucrose 40mg/l; (NH ₄) ₂SO ₄134mg/l; KI 0.75mg/l; Inositol 100mg/l; H ₃BO ₄3.0mg/l; Nicotinic acid 1.0mg/l; MnSO ₄4H ₂O10mg/l; Puridoxine hydrochloride 1.0mg/l; ZnSO ₄7H ₂O 2.0mg/l; Kinetin 0.1mg/l; Na ₂MoO ₄2H ₂O 0.25mg/l; 2,4-D0.1-1.0mg/l; CoCl ₂6H ₂O 0.025mg/l; Hydrochloric acid sulphur ammonium 10mg/l; Na ₂-EDTA 37.3mg/l; PH5.5)

V. root induction: be transferred on the root induction medium of B5+ naa 0.053mg/l when seedling length is high to 2～3cm, cultivation is taken root the seedling base portion under same condition of culture;

Vi. transplant test-tube plantlet, breed the former seed of detoxification;

Vii. solarium's expanding propagation detoxification generation and two generation original seed;

Viii. seed is produced with expanding propagation and is planted;

5. tissue culture: utilize biological cell engineering technology, promptly utilize tissue or the cell of plant,, produce callus, induce differentiation to finish the new technology of complete new plant by artificial aseptic cultured in vitro.This method is not subjected to condition restriction, can realize batch production production;

6. seedling raising and transplanting: generally in late July, late August finishes, and is lower or seedling raise period is later as ground temperature then, can be at the back covering with plastic film of growing seedlings;

7. seed sowing: the seed treatment of live short-tube lycoris bulb and live time are to " " roughly similar, also in late July, late August finishes seedling raising and transplanting, but live line-spacing is 30～40cm, and spacing in the rows is 4～5cm; Mu effectively strain number is 4～60,000 strains, the quantity of required seed or kind ball during the unit are upper seeding wheel, and according to seeding method, thousand grain weigth is planted the ball germination rate, the decision of situations such as thickness of sowing.Run-of-the-mill is poor, the thickness of sowing height, and the seed of cleanliness difference, seeding quantity is big slightly;

Seedling management:

1. grow seedlings in land, should little arch film.Raise seedling in greenhouse also should note keeping the humidity (about 75%) and the temperature in seedbed in the canopy;

2. temperature: keep the bulb germination temperature at 12～18 ℃.

3. topdress: growth of seedling mainly is by the nutrient of preserving in the napiform root, thus in time avoid " moving back mother " or phenomenons such as " mashed female ", so will water " moving back mother " preceding in time topdressing.(type of topdressing is: microorganism quick-acting fertilizer, NPK 〉=6% wherein, organic matter 〉=30%, living bacteria count 〉=2,000,000/gram, middle trace element 〉=10%, 2-4mm particle.) 4. fill the gaps with seedlings: plant the back at rice shoot and in time observe, some can be floated by wind water, should lead to be replanting or to fill the gaps with seedlings.

(3) field management

Loose ground: planting seed is successfully emerged the back to field planting, comprises a series of control measures such as thinning, final singling, covering, intertillage, rich water.The several intertill and clean tillage will be carried out in the field, behind perennial Lycoris intertill and clean tillage, and the harmony squama of also will earthing up (i.e. ridging protection short-tube lycoris bulb), protection plant safety is got over the summer.Simultaneously can strengthen tenability, prevent the plant lodging;

Topdress: generally adopt microbiology class quick-acting fertilizer.Apply soil or be sprayed directly on the plant blade face.The period of topdressing is generally before the period of seedling establishment or rudiment after field planting, take out Roripa bloom preceding or seed collection after or before bulb expands.Topdressing method is different different because of kind, planting type.Generally can be divided into and spread fertilizer over the fields, row replacement, circulating application, spread manuer in holes.Top dressing is meant fertilizer dilution back directly is sprayed onto on the base of leaf of plant with sprayer.Absorb the method that satisfies the plant nutrition needs by base of leaf.Can be equipped with trace element, microorganism fertilizer etc. in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio.Time should select fine day or cloudy day to carry out, and the rainy day easily causes the loss of fertilizer;

Water, draining: when natural water is not enough, can influence the normal physiological activity of plant, so want manual priming's supply; When natural precipitation is too much, just should in time fails ditch and discharge surplus water.The Lycoris plant need be preserved moisture for a long time, and temp. and humidity is about 75% relatively.Take out scape that should to keep humidity for a long time be about 85%.Can not water in flowering stage, can only spray, because the how mashed root of water;

Cool canopy support: when lycoris plants grows into certain altitude after field planting, must set up frame or set up a hurdle,, but will ventilate, reduce the harm of disease worm to reduce humidity in order to increase degree of shading;

Bud is taken in training: the blade that has when 4～5 reach 40cm, can form false stem long, influences its normal development, so when plantation, can cut short false stem; Can suitably peel off the hoop stratiform or scratch, to eliminate or to reduce adverse effect the fan-catcher leaf with blade;

Seal soil to hibernate: cultivation perennial herb short-tube lycoris, some fashion prematurity before frost arrives should be taked winter protection, antifreezing measures.Its method mainly contains: regulate sowing time, avoid severe cold, freezeup period; The water smoking cigarette is frozen in embedding; Cover, wrap up, earth up; Enrich phosphorus, potash fertilizer; Measure such as pinching and training makes it safe overwintering;

(4) gather and process

Collecting time-kind of ball is gathered: all can gather throughout the year, but best collecting time is spring or autumn the i.e. withered and scape of leaf when extraction and blossom fall and leaf do not grow, the bulb that gather this moment best in quality, the easiest preservation.The kind ball of gathering should be removed deadwood, withered stem, undesirable root.When gathering, generally be chosen at finely, reveal the morning disappeared morning and carry out, so that take post processing.

Collecting method-kind of ball is gathered: hand digging.When taking, the not serious root that leans on of excavation that at first loosens the soil around the short-tube lycoris bulb directly digs down, in order to avoid dig branch, the bulb of being completely cured, and adopt less than complete bulb.Be also noted that the epidermis that does not hurt napiform root when gathering, will classify when gathering that safflower separates with yellow CPTF, be sure not to obscure,, can keep the scape about 10 centimetres for the flower that has ended, the colored all risk insurance of not opening stays scape, adopts the back napiform root and does not clean, and ball and soil are taken back together;

Processing method: excavate bulb after autumn, remove earth, clean, dry, section, abrasive dust;

Grade scale: in flowering bulb, normally come classification, determine the standard of specification ball with kind of a ball girth diameter size.Standard No. is: GB/T 18247.6-2000

Kind of ball quality points 3 grades.Index divided rank with girth diameter, plumpness, damage by disease and insect.When each correlation technique index of grade does not belong to one-level, with single index low decide grade.Technical stipulation is as follows: the I grade standard: girth diameter 〉=11, plumpness are excellent; The II grade standard: girth diameter 9～11, plumpness are excellent; The III grade standard: girth diameter 7～9, plumpness are excellent; The IV grade standard: girth diameter 5～7, plumpness are excellent; The V grade standard: girth diameter≤5, plumpness is undefined.

Wherein, girth diameter: with the girth of girth diameter dimensional measurement bulb, reading is accurate to 1cm.Plumpness: undertaken by GB 2772-1999 the 7th chapter.Damage by disease and insect: undertaken by GB 2772-1999 the 8th chapter.Sampling: undertaken by GB 2772-1999 the 3rd chapter.

The normalized planting method of described short-tube lycoris is characterized in that aspect fertilising, and short-tube lycoris is good to the fertilizer reaction of being rich in humus, increase yield significantly.The nitrogen that absorb breeding time is maximum, and potassium takes second place, and phosphorus is minimum.Every according to the study 667m ²The place of production needs absorbed nitrogen 15kg, phosphorus 5kg, potassium 15kg.The nitrogen phosphorus potassium amount that the nutrient that the growth of germination period and seedling phase is mainly preserved by bulb absorbs from soil seldom, so on the basis of using base manure, do not need to execute again seed manure, particularly with carbonic hydroammonium, ammonium nitrate, when urea is made seed manure, root system is had corrosiveness.Enter scape after elongating stage, absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium increase sharply.Fertile kind is based on nitrogenous fertilizer.Expand the later stage at bulb, absorptive amount reduces, and generally no longer topdresses.

The normalized planting method of described short-tube lycoris, its feature also can comprise following extermination of disease and insect pest step:

The control of I, rot: soaked 30 minutes with 0.3% copper sulfate solution before 1. bulb is planted, wash, dry the back plantation.2. plant after 30 minutes with 500 times of liquid of carbendazim or 1000 times of liquid immersions of 50% carbendazim of 25%.3. note removing diseased plant at any time, the sanitation and hygiene in land for growing field crops reduce cause of disease and contaminate probability.

The control of II, anthracnose: 1. wipe out the disease leaf, remove invalid body, concentrate and burn.2. planting density is not overstocked, keeps ventilation and penetrating light, avoids directly watering plant.3. select disease-resistant variety for use, cultivate healthy and strong plant, improve resistance against diseases.Can spray the special 2500 times of circulation liquid of 50% benzene Lay when 4. plant falls ill, 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, 70% holds in the palm not 1000 times of liquid in Tianjin.

The control of III, brown spot: 1. collect susceptible leaf spring and burn minimizing dip-dye source.2. the measure of strengthening management, applying organic manure and P.K fertilizer are in time taked precautions against drought into ponding, to strengthen resistance.3. 500 times of liquid of disease early spray zineb or Baume 3～5 degree stone sulphur add up to 1: 100～200 times bordeaux mixture, 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim etc.

The control of IV, aphid: 1. wipe out the disease leaf, residual branch is concentrated and is burnt.2. spray 1059 or 1605 of 1000～1500 times of liquid.Spray 1500 times Rogor, the florescence should be used bromine chrysanthemum fat or remove middle center or the chrysanthemum control, in order to avoid the injury petal.

The control of V, shell insects: 1. when introducing a fine variety and far transfer nursery stock, must strengthen quarantine.2. secateurs deinsectization branch is concentrated to be burnt in conjunction with dredging.3. in the larva incubation period or spray 1000 times of liquid of 50% phoxim, 1500 times of liquid of 40% flolimat, 1000 times of liquid of 25% phosmet.

The control of VI, nocturnal moth class: 1. eliminate the worm attitude of surviving the winter in conjunction with digging winter.2. utilize the phototaxis of adult, establish black light and catch the center of following closely into.3. larva harm can be sprayed 50% the phase and killed 1000 times of liquid of snout moth's larva powder, the degree of depth 100,000,000/milliliter table entomogenous fungi liquid, and bacillus thuringensis, bacillus thruingensis, every gram contains 500～700 times of liquid of the bacterium powder of spore more than 10,000,000,000 sprays, and effect is all good.4. manual catching and killing's pieces of an egg and the not newly hatched larvae of diffusion.5. use acetate solution (sugar: vinegar: water=3: 1: 6) add a small amount of chlorophos stomach poison trapping adult.

The control of VII, mite class: 1. 1000 times of liquid roots of 20% dicofol are irritated.2. thermal treatment napiform root is gone into 43 ℃ of emerge in worm water foam plastics hour, and certain control efficiency is arranged.3. soil disinfection and crop rotation.

In a word, along with modern agriculture and development of biology, for the control of damage by disease and insect, on the whole, the main method of using of preventing and treating have following some:

I, plant quarantine

Determine internal and external quarantine object, carry out place of production quarantine, allocation and transportation quarantine and plant experimentally quarantine, guarantee the safety of introducing a fine variety.

II, the anti-anti-sick worm kind of utilization

From introducing a fine variety good disease-resistant worm kind both at home and abroad, in the process of introducing a fine variety, must plant experimentally, understand the adaptability of introduced variety to local cause of disease biological strain and insect, in addition, should also be noted that: the kind rational deployment, avoid the kind unification; Kind by turns; The purification and rejuvenation of kind are wiped out the disease leaf or dial to be removed the heavier plant of pathology, to reduce the dip-dye source; Avoid continuous cropping or plant non-Lycoris kind in the Lycoris garden; Avoid short-tube lycoris that the field gathers and in spite of illness or non-plant of disinfecting bring in the garden, avoid cross-infection;

IH, cultural control

Purpose is to create the good condition of growing for plant, improves its resistant to diseases and insects, and suppresses the generation of damage by disease and insect, makes its healthy growth.Method commonly used has: 1., with selecting suitable garden; 2., strict control ground threshing sanitary condition; 3., rich water quality management; 4., select healthy anosis propagating materials for use; 5., reinforcement is to the tending management of plant; 6., temperature and humidity in the adjusting nursery or the like.When introducing a fine variety with the short-tube lycoris bulb, avoid producing wound, breaking as far as possible, and must removal of contamination before plantation, remove unnecessary rete, bulb was immersed 1% formalin 0.5～1.0 hour again, or 500 times of liquid of 5% carbendazim 12 hours, or 0.1% liter of yellow solution soaked 0.5～1.0 hour, reduced primary infection.

IV, physico mechanical control

Refer to utilize simple tool and light, temperature, humidity, heat, electricity, radiant to wait the method for prevention and elimination of disease and pests.

[1], the insect pest method of preventing and treating commonly used:

1. catch and kill; 2. trapping; 3. resistance is killed; 4. high temperature desinsection; 5. steriliation by irradiation

[2], the disease method of preventing and treating commonly used

1. the hot water treatment of seedling: ill nursery stock can be handled with hot blast, and temperature is 35-40 ℃, processing time 1-4 week; Also available 40-50 ℃ warm water is handled, and soak time is 10 minutes to 3 hours, and the plant after the processing is used cold water drip washing.Thermal treatment will experimentize in advance, will slowly heat up during processing, must guard against rapid rising, should make plant that a warm exercise of adaptation is arranged, and generally since 25 ℃, raises 2 ℃ every day, and temperature reaches 37 ± 1 ℃ treatment temperature after 6-7 days.

2. the thermal treatment of soil: the thermal treatment of modern greenhouse soil is to use heat steam (90-100 ℃), and the processing time is 30 minutes; Utilizing solar heat to handle soil also is effective measures, in 7-8 month soil is shakeout and to do the ridge, the ridge is to being the north-south, back covered with plastic film (25um is thick to be advisable) waters, during covering, maintain 10-15 days fine day, the topsoil temperature is killed the pathogen in the soil basically up to 60-70 ℃;

3. mechanical iris action: overlay film is propagated pathogen and has been played mechanical iris action, and soil temperature, humidity improve behind the coverlay, quickens rotting of invalid body, has reduced source of infection;

V, biological control

Biological control is a method of utilizing biological or its metabolite Pest Control and disease.It comprises and utilizes pest natural enemy as virus, bacterium, fungi, protozoa and rickettsia-like organism and nematode, spider, insectivore etc., the parasite of the antagonistic microbe of the phytopathy original such as bacterium, fungi, nematode, antibiotic etc.The biological control of insect pests method promptly comprises with worm and controls worm, controls worm with bacterium, controls worm with bird, controls worm and other useful animals are controlled worm etc. with hormone.There was modern age the people that sterile technology, genetic control and hormone are controlled the category that worm etc. is all listed biological control in;

VI, chemical control

Be meant a kind of method with pesticide control pest, germ, nematode, mite class, weeds and other noxious animals.

[1], the chemical pesticide of preventing and treating disease mainly comprises

1. inorganic fungicide: bordeaux mixture, lime sulfur etc.Available 1% bordeaux mixture or 500 times of liquid of 75% tpn, 1000 times of liquid of 70% first holder, 800 times of liquid of zineb spray between period of disease;

2. organic bactericide: charcoal Trane, Shibaoling, polysulfide barium, encyclopaedia, procymidone, can kill, can prevent and treat anthracnose, leaf blight, eqpidemic disease, red rust, gray mold, rot etc.Sodium-o-phenyl phenolate is prevented the storage period disease;

3. farm antibiotics: have efficient free from environmental pollution to advantages such as person poultry safeties.Streptomycin, terramycin, antimycoin 120, kasugarnycin, jinggangmycin, neiliaosu etc.;

4. nematocide: gram line pellet, ammoniacal liquor, lime;

[2], pest control will note in good time medication, common pesticides is as follows:

1. organophosphorus insecticide; 2. carbamate insecticide, organonitrogenous insecticide, pyrethroid insecticides, benzoylphenyl urea compound, fumigant (aluminum phosphate) etc.; 3. vegetable insecticide: nicotine preparation, rotenone etc.; 4. microorganism insecticide: BT preparation, white muscardine fungi preparation etc.; 5. other class: resin soap emulsifiable concentrate; 6. miticide: acetamiprid, methamidophos, fenisobromolate etc.

[3]., plant growth regulator

Be to have a phytohormone activity, growth and development of plants is played the chemical substance of the synthetic of important regulating action, as phytocytomine, brassin lactones, paclobutrazol, 920, IDALL receive etc.

[4], weed killer herbicide

Be to be used for the medicament of controlling weeds and noxious plant, weed killer herbicide by the purposes and the mode of action can be divided into selectivity, the natural disposition of going out, tagging property, systemic herbicide four classes.As Acetochlor, superstar's (broad-leaved is clean), smart quizalofopethyl, prestige despot etc.

At last, the extermination of disease and insect pest should be emphasized the policy of " putting prevention first; the comprehensive regulation ", implement " based on agrotechnical measures, making full use of plant biological ecotone in blocks interdependence, the objective law of mutual restriction; coordinate the various methods of preventing and treating such as biology, physics, chemistry; " with suiting measures to local conditions, the short-tube lycoris high yield is increased income, realize our set objective to reach economic, safety, the Pest Control purpose of not causing disaster effectively.

The normalized planting method of described short-tube lycoris, its feature also can comprise following existing problems and solution route:

(1) it is bad to take out Roripa

Short-tube lycoris take out the inheritance that Roripa depends primarily on kind, have and take out Roripa fully, not exclusively take out the branch of Roripa.But be originally the kind of taking out Roripa fully sometimes, the phenomenon of not taking out Roripa or not exclusively taking out Roripa in a large number but occurred.This is owing to the environmental condition discomfort or cultivation step is improper causes.Storage period is to the bulb of breaking dormancy phase, or budding period after planting and seedling phase, just can break up bud and bulbil under 0～10 ℃ of low temperature after 30～40 days.Under high temperature and long-day condition, just can develop into the bulb of normally taking out Roripa then.Just run into high temperature and long-day condition if experience the deficiency of time of low temperature, bud and bulb can not normal differentiation, will produce the plant of not taking out Roripa or not exclusively taking out Roripa, and the bulb head diminish weight reduction.

(2) split a mashed squama

The outer coversheet of bulb is tightly to be wrapped in by the multilayer sepia is membranous, if wrap few by the blade film of bulb, bulb diaphragm can be burst when loose or the leaf sheath breakage, rot, the bulb external pressure reduces, or bulb is mouldy rotten, phenomenons such as living maggot, the reason that produces this phenomenon has the following aspects: the kind relation; Subterranean water level height, soil property are glued heavy; Date of seeding, is improper; Field management measure is improper; Collecting time and method are improper, after the bulb results, connect and meet wet weather; Storage practice is improper.

(3) onion garlic

The bulb base portion does not expand, and does not form real bulb likeness in form shallot, enemy's name " onion garlic ".One of major reason that produces the onion garlic is because bulb bud or after planting not experience the low temperature and the cultivation management of enough fates extensive.Seedling is when growth is thin and weak, and bulbil can not break up, and can not form bulb, also can produce " onion garlic ".In addition, bulb is loose especially, and when diauxic growth takes place, also easily produces " onion garlic ".Obviously this is because nutrient focuses in the mitogenetic bulb, has suppressed the cause that bulb is grown.

(4) blade tip is withered and yellow

The short-tube lycoris leaf is withered and yellow except may taking place in the mashed squama phase, also may take place in other periods.Its reason mainly contains: vegetative period the nutrient supply deficiency; Winter antecedent soil moisture, the water supply deficiency; Soil drainage is bad, and root system respiration is obstructed; Soil is sticking heavy and cultivated soil layer is shallow, and Root Distribution is shallow, is subject to the wet excessively influence of soil overdrying, and when spring temperature rose, performance obviously.

(5) the withered and yellow degree difference of blade tip

Preventing or alleviating the withered and yellow fundamental way of blade tip is to select lower, the well-drained sandy loam plantation of subterranean water level, carries out high bedding cultivation and preserves moisture, and adds the deep ploughing soil layer, promotes well developed root system.Keep more stable soil moisture.Avoiding neglecting doing neglects wet and the required nutrient supply of assurance bulb.

(6) " paralysed seedling "

Short-tube lycoris does not reach the false cauline leaf deliquescing of plant harvest time, and blade is withered and yellow, thin and weak, paralysis volt early ageing phenomenon on the ground, can have a strong impact on the yield and quality of short-tube lycoris, and the reason that produces paralysis is: the kind relation; Underground damage by disease and insect is serious, and the soil insect root system bulb of causing harm weakens the plant water absorbing capacity; Rich water quality management is improper, and young plant malnutrition or excessive applied nitrogen make seedling long suddenly.

(7) hoop leaf

The short-tube lycoris leaf is that nature is upheld when growing.The blade that has when 4～5 reach 40cm, has a shape as the brown scapus film of " hoop " the blade portion of closing to be waled long in the blade stage casing.Make blade can not normal development due to.When plantation, can cut short scape; Can suitably peel off the hoop stratiform, or scratch, to eliminate or the adverse effect of fan-catcher leaf with blade.

The normalized planting method of described short-tube lycoris also can comprise following content:

Temperature condition: because short-tube lycoris is the plant that the dark and damp cold air of hobby is waited.Bulb by resting stage at 12～25 ℃, high temperature more than 30 ℃ to having sprouted inhibitory action.So planted in fall too early or when spending evening, it is slow to emerge.The preference temperature of seedling phase is 12～16 ℃, low temperature that can anti-short time-10 ℃, and winter, per day lowest temperature was in the area more than-6 ℃.The autumn sowing short-tube lycoris can be crossed in open country safety.The differentiation of short-tube lycoris bud and bulbil all needs low temperature, after bulb duration of storage or plantation, stands the low temperature 1～2 month below 10 ℃, except very little bulb, can break up bud and bulbil.The growth thermophilic of scape and bulb is 15～25 ℃, and when temperature surpassed 25 ℃, cauline leaf was withered and yellow gradually, bulb increases and to slow down to stopping, thus no matter be autumn sowing or sow in spring, even differ sowing time bigger, and that the maturing stage of bulb all differs is very little, sows to cause bulb output to be fallen greatly late;

Illumination condition: scape and bulb are grown except being subjected to Temperature Influence, and be also relevant with the length of light application time.The different ecological kind is incomplete same to the reaction of the length of illumination.Low-temp reaction responsive type kind, light application time length is little to the influence that scape grows.And the growth of bulb is advisable with illumination in 12 hours, and under illumination in 8 hours, it is poor slightly that bulb is grown.The low-temp reaction intermediate variety, under illumination in 12 hours, scape physically well develops, under illumination in 8 hours, the scape depauperation, bulb is grown not too good under illumination in 13～14 hours.The blunt type kind of low-temp reaction, scape grows the illumination of wanting more than 13 hours, under illumination in 12 hours, does not generally also form bulb, and bulb is grown needs certain illumination;

Moisture condition: the root system of short-tube lycoris has to be had shallowly deeply, and the root hair is more.The root hair plays water sorption, and the suction scope varies, and the kind that has is also more drought-resistant, but during different growing soil moisture require variant.The soil moisture of after planting having relatively high expectations promotes root of hair and germination.The seedling phase will suitably be reduced soil moisture, prevents that young plant is long suddenly, promotes that root system develops in depth, and avoids the short-tube lycoris bulb to cross under the wet condition at soil and rots, and growth of seedling is caused adverse effect.But, the normal spring drought of meeting in the area of sowing in spring, soil water evaporation is fast, the easy accumulation of salt in the surface soil in ground, the corrosion bulb, if at this moment the humidity of soil is low, growth of seedling is slow, and blade can produce yellow sharp phenomenon.So will grasp flexibly according to climatic condition then.Move back after female the end, the short-tube lycoris leaf growth is accelerated the consumption of moisture.Keep soil with high humidity, promote the growth of plant, for the differentiation of bud, bulbil with grow and lay foundation.Scape elongation and bulb expanding stage are vigorous day by day periods of spider lily growth, the soil moisture of having relatively high expectations.When bulb fully expands, root system flavescence gradually is withered, and the several layers of leaf sheath in bulb outside dry out gradually, when becoming membranous brown shape, should reduce soil moisture, prevents bulb crust rot blackening and insect pest;

Soil condition: short-tube lycoris is because the power of root system absorptivity is different, and is also different to the requirement of soil fertility, but generally suits be rich in organic good permeability water conservation, sandy loam or cultivations such as loam matrix soil, medium soil that drainage performance is good.In addition, should be noted that also and select high-land or the lower location cultivation short-tube lycoris of subterranean water level that as plant bulb on the soil of subterranean water level height and impeded drainage, might rot ball, the bulb expanding stage is short simultaneously, output reduces.Plant in the low and well-drained soil in subterranean water level, the expanding stage of bulb is longer, and output is higher.Short-tube lycoris happiness subacidity soil.Suitable soil hydrogen ion concentration is about 1000～2000 and receives and rub/liter (pH value is 5.8～7.8).Plant short-tube lycoris in the big soil of alkalescence, bulb rots easily, and plant strain growth is bad, and bulb diminishes;

Biotic factor: short-tube lycoris plant and biotic habitat on every side have confidential relation.Some microorganism such as fungi, virus, nematode and insect etc., harmful to short-tube lycoris, subject to infect, as untimely control, may cause that No kernels or seeds are gathered, as in a year of scarcity.But some biotic factor as useful fungi and insects such as armillaria mellea, white muscardine fungi, bacillus thuringiensis,Bt and honeybee, coccinella septempunctatas, is favourable to the cultivation short-tube lycoris.Should be protected and be utilized.

Claims (6)

1. the normalized planting method of a medicinal lycoris radiata, its feature may further comprise the steps:

(1) sapling multiplication

Reserve seed for planting: the bulb kind of from the short-tube lycoris of results, selecting and remain, establish the seed selection target, select high-class product to breed, purification and rejuvenation breeding original seed;

Store and keeping: the storage of planting ball, spend the night in the place that bulb is deposited in shady and cool ventilation, make it to dry, with white clay charcoal, the peat composed of rotten mosses or veneer bits, water content＜35%, be laid in the frame of plastic, thick 5～6cm in layer places napiform root then, separate with the veneer bits between layer and the layer, also need the thick veneer of lid layer 5～6cm bits in the superiors, labelled, pack, deposit, can't run into moisture this moment again, according to label, each cabinet bulb is stored classifiedly in the greenhouse greenhouse experiment: 1. cover the sunshade net of 90% shading rate, printing opacity 10%; 2. on 20 ℃ of daytimes in the greenhouse, in 15 ℃ of evenings, humidity＜50% is made regular check on the situation of framing up, and that whether bulb has is rotten, become damp phenomenon, so that in time take measures;

(2) cultivation

Choosing ground: choosing selects soil layer deep during ground, the well-formed, fertile, loose, draining is good, is neutrality or slightly acidic sandy loam;

Whole ground: before the cultivation short-tube lycoris, soil must be turned over, the period on whole ground with autumn and winter season for well, whole ground also will be in conjunction with using sufficient base manure and carrying out soil disinfection, after soil leveling rake is thin, should be according to the gentle time condition in area different bedding or ridges in addition, the form of furrow can be divided into three kinds:

1. high furrow: refer to the furrow that the furrow face is above the ground level, area of heavy rainfull and cultivation root and the high furrow of underground bulb more options; 2. flat furrow: refer to the furrow that the furrow face is equal substantially with pavement, only make the little low bank of earth between fields all around, low in subterranean water level, flat furrow are made in the deep well-drained area of soil layer; 3. low furrow: refer to that the furrow face is lower than the furrow of pavement, at the subterranean water level height, area, nonirrigated farmland and like moistening plant and should make to hang down furrow;

Plant bed: the seedbed that seeding and seedling raising is used, outdoor bed and plastic foil seedbed can be divided into,, also the outdoor bed can be adopted in the warm south of weather, the plastic mulching seedbed should be adopted in the cold north, the place at more smooth, sunny, the close water source of physical features generally should be selected in the seedbed, and soil requires loose, fertile, well-drained sandy loam, nutrition soil, after choosing with growing seedlings, require fully to put in order carefully to rake, use sufficient base manure, remake sowing then;

The plantation of basin alms bowl: short-tube lycoris also can do the training of basin pot culture, the kind of basin alms bowl is a lot, biscuiting and pottery pot are arranged, plastic basin, the cucurbit shell is also arranged, conch shell or the like all can be selected for use, and it is that 5.8～7.8 soil is advisable that short-tube lycoris requires at PH, and potted plant soil needs draining good, ponding not, bulb needs open country to survive the winter, the early October sowing, and this moment, the maximum air temperature was no more than 30 ℃, 24 ℃ of mean of dekan temperature, suitable spider lily growth is sowed 10 days, and root growth is vigorous, blade is during prior to back green sprouting young leaves, need to keep ground moistening, 5～June, blade should water after withering less, will apply phosphorus potash fertilizer once before the florescence in 7～August;

Sowing:

1. autumn sowing: the area on the south 27 ° of the north latitude, winter, average lowest temperature was generally more than 6 ℃, short-tube lycoris can survive the winter at open country, mostly is planted in fall, gathers in the crops cut-flower early summer in next year, the autumn sowing district mainly comprises the most of area of southwestern three provinces, though but the short-tube lycoris producing region latitude that has is lower, height above sea level is higher, weather cold, open country is survived the winter and is had any problem, and then carries out and sows in spring;

2. sow in spring: the area to the north of 35 ° of the north latitude, winter, mean minimum temperature was generally below-1 ℃, short-tube lycoris can not safe overwintering at open country, carry out sowed in spring more, sows in spring generally in East China or province, northeast one band, and the autumn sowing short-tube lycoris growth of seedlings phase is long, there is fully low thermoperiod can satisfy the needs of bud and bulbil differentiation, and before arriving in the high temperature long-day, seedling can fully grow, and is the nutrition of the growth accumulating and enriching of short-tube lycoris bulb and scape, so take out Roripa rate height, bud is full, and the spring sowing short-tube lycoris is because seedling stage is short, and the hypothermic phase of downpayment experience is also short, often can not normally take out Roripa, it is higher partly to take out the Roripa rate, and the scape amount is low, but bulb is generally bigger;

3. indefinite season is broadcast: mainly refer under various ecotopes, not according to requiring season at any time culture transferring to go into various landscape site, allow its growth;

4. type of seeding: it is live that short-tube lycoris adopts seed or kind ball propagating materials to carry out, and the distance between rows and hills according to plantation when live requires to dig the cave, and line-spacing is 30-40cm, and spacing in the rows is 4-5cm, and disposable sowing success is no longer transplanted after emerging.The needs of some kind as seedling Cheng Miao in various growth substrate, when length arrives certain altitude, carry out field planting through growing seedlings the stage again;

5. seeding quantity: effective strain number of every mu is 4-6 ten thousand strains, second-rate seed kind ball, and seeding quantity is big slightly;

6. sowing depth: general thickness of earth covering is 2～3 times of kind of bulb diameter, get final product about 10cm, sandy loam is darker than cement loam, the arid area is darker than the wetland of manying district, easily seeds germinated is darker than difficult seeds germinated, onesize seed, darker than the seed of dicotyledon as monocotyledonous seed, the ratio that does not cover grass behind the planting seed covers the darker of grass;

Propagation method:

1. sexual propagation: have only ovule to develop into seed, grow and the process of the independent plant that survives, be seminal propagation by sowing;

2. vegetative propagation: refer to utilize certain a part of nutrition organs of short-tube lycoris, as cut bulb, just under suitable condition the output whole plant similar to parent;

3. change places and change kind: the short-tube lycoris producing region was changed kind every 1～2 year to the name producing region approximately;

4. detoxic seedling breeding:

I. breaking dormancy phase: the fresh bulb of freshly harvested placed under 5～10 ℃ the temperature 30～45 days, and, be convenient in time carry out Shoot Tip Culture with breaking dormancy;

Ii. pre-detoxification: place 36～38 ℃ of temperature to make viral passivation in following about 30 days on the bulb behind the breaking dormancy, can improve virus elimination rate, produce more healthy seedling;

Iii. surface sterilization: with the short-tube lycoris brown is membranous peel off after, be placed among 2% the liquor natrii hypochloritis sterilization 15 minutes, and with aseptic water washing for several times, dropped into again in 75% alcohol and soaked 20 seconds, take out the back and on alcolhol burner, burn, in superclean bench, dissect the stem apex that cuts long 0.6～1mm;

Iv. induce and sprout: medium is formulated with B5+6-benzyl purine 3mg/l+ naa 0.1mg/l, be divided in some triangular flasks, under 121 ℃ of temperature, autoclaving 15～20 minutes, the cooling back is standby, is inoculated into the stem apex that downcuts on the medium immediately, rearmounted illumination box of seal or group are trained on the indoor culturing rack, condition of culture is: fluorescent lamp, artificial light source 2500～3000 luxs 16 hours, dark 8 hours phases, 23～25 ℃;

V. root induction: be transferred on the root induction medium of B5+ naa 0.053mg/l when seedling length is high to 2～3cm, cultivation is taken root the seedling base portion under same condition of culture;

Vi. transplant test-tube plantlet, breed the former seed of detoxification;

Vii. solarium's expanding propagation detoxification generation and two generation original seed;

Viii. seed is produced with expanding propagation and is planted;

5. tissue culture: utilize biological cell engineering technology, promptly utilize tissue or the cell of plant,, produce callus, induce differentiation to finish the new technology of complete new plant by artificial aseptic cultured in vitro;

6. seedling raising and transplanting: generally in late July, late August finishes;

7. seed sowing: the seed treatment of live short-tube lycoris bulb and live time are roughly similar to seedling raising and transplanting, and also in late July, late August finishes, but live line-spacing is 30～40cm, and spacing in the rows is 4～5cm; Mu effectively strain number is 4～60,000 strains, and run-of-the-mill is poor, the thickness of sowing height, and the seed of cleanliness difference, seeding quantity is big slightly;

Seedling management:

1. grow seedlings in land, should little arch film, and raise seedling in greenhouse also should note keeping the humidity about 75% and the temperature in seedbed in the canopy;

2. temperature: keep the bulb germination temperature at 12～18 ℃;

3. topdress: growth of seedling mainly is by the nutrient of preserving in the napiform root, so will in time avoid moving back phenomenons such as mother or mashed mother, waters so will in time topdress before moving back mother;

4. fill the gaps with seedlings: plant the back at rice shoot and in time observe, some can be floated by wind water, immediately replanting or fill the gaps with seedlings;

(3) field management

Loose ground: planting seed is successfully emerged the back to field planting, comprises thinning, final singling, covering, intertillage, a series of control measures of rich water, and the several intertill and clean tillage will be carried out in the field, behind perennial Lycoris intertill and clean tillage, and the harmony of earthing up squama;

Topdress: generally adopt microbiology class quick-acting fertilizer, apply soil or be sprayed directly on the plant blade face, the period of topdressing is generally before the period of seedling establishment or rudiment after field planting, take out Roripa bloom preceding or seed collection after or before bulb expands, can be equipped with trace element, microorganism fertilizer in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio, time should select fine day or cloudy day to carry out, and the rainy day easily causes the loss of fertilizer;

Water, draining: when natural water is not enough, can influence the normal physiological activity of plant, so want manual priming's supply; When natural precipitation is too much, just should in time fail ditch and discharge surplus water, the Lycoris plant need be preserved moisture for a long time, and relatively temp. and humidity takes out scape that should to keep humidity for a long time be about 85% about 75%, can not water in flowering stage, can only spray, because water rots root more;

The cool canopy support: when lycoris plants grows into certain altitude after field planting, must set up frame or set up a hurdle, in order to increase degree of shading, but the circulation that will note air reduces the harm of disease worm to reduce humidity;

Bud is taken in training: the blade that has when 4～5 reach 40cm, can form false stem long, influences its normal development, so when plantation, can cut short false stem; Can suitably peel off the hoop stratiform or scratch, to eliminate or to reduce adverse effect the fan-catcher leaf with blade;

Seal soil to hibernate: cultivation perennial herb short-tube lycoris, some fashion prematurity before frost arrives should be taked winter protection, antifreezing measures, and its method mainly contains: regulate sowing time, avoid severe cold, freezeup period; The water smoking cigarette is frozen in embedding; Cover, wrap up, earth up; Enrich phosphorus, potash fertilizer; Measure such as pinching and training makes it safe overwintering;

(4) gather

Plant the ball collecting time: all can gather throughout the year, but best collecting time is spring or autumn, be that the withered and scape of leaf is not when extraction and blossom fall and leaf grow, this moment the bulb of gathering best in quality, the easiest preservation, the kind ball of gathering should be removed deadwood, withered stem, undesirable root, when gathering, generally be chosen at finely, reveal the morning disappeared morning and carry out, so that take post processing;

Plant the ball collecting method: hand digging, when taking, at first loosening the soil around the short-tube lycoris bulb, excavation is not serious directly to be dug down by root, in order to avoid dig branch, the bulb of being completely cured, and adopt less than complete bulb, be also noted that the epidermis that does not hurt napiform root when gathering, to classify when gathering, safflower separates with yellow CPTF, is sure not to obscure, for the flower that has ended, can keep the scape about 10 centimetres, the colored all risk insurance of not opening stays scape, adopts the back napiform root and does not clean, and ball and soil are taken back together;

Grade scale: in flowering bulb, normally come classification with kind of a ball girth diameter size, determine the standard of specification ball, standard No. is: GB/T18247.6-2000

Kind of ball quality points 4 grades, with the index divided rank of girth diameter, plumpness, damage by disease and insect, when each correlation technique index of grade does not belong to one-level, with single index low decide grade, technical stipulation is as follows: I grade standard: girth diameter 〉=11Cm, plumpness is excellent; The II grade standard: girth diameter 9～11Cm, plumpness is excellent; The III grade standard: girth diameter 7～9Cm, plumpness is excellent; The IV grade standard: girth diameter 5～7Cm, plumpness is excellent;

Wherein, girth diameter: with the girth of girth diameter dimensional measurement bulb, reading is accurate to 1Cm, plumpness: carry out damage by disease and insect by GB 2772-1999 the 7th chapter: carry out sampling: undertaken by GB 2772-1999 the 3rd chapter by GB2772-1999 the 8th chapter.

2. the normalized planting method of medicinal lycoris radiata according to claim 1, it is characterized in that aspect fertilising, when whole ground, to use sufficient base manure, to in time topdress in seedling stage and intertillage phase, the type of topdressing is the microorganism quick-acting fertilizer, NPK 〉=6% wherein, organic matter 〉=30%, living bacteria count 〉=2,000,000/gram, middle trace element 〉=10%, the 2-4mm particle, fertilization mode can apply soil or root is executed outward, and it is directly to be sprayed onto on the plant base of leaf with sprayer after the fertilizer dilution, to apply the method for soil that root is executed outward, different and different according to planting type, generally can be divided into removing and execute, circulating application, spread manuer in holes, the time should be chosen in fine day or cloudy day, and fertilizing amount is executed nitrogen 15Kg by 667m2, phosphorus 5Kg, potassium 15Kg, because carbon ammonium, ammonium nitrate, urea has corrosiveness to root system, should not make seed manure.

3. according to the normalized planting method of right 1 described medicinal lycoris radiata, its feature also comprises the method for preventing and treating of damage by disease and insect and the problem and the solution of vine growth and development stage existence: the extermination of disease and insect pest is to put prevention first, the comprehensive regulation, the problem that vine growth and development exists specifically solves as the case may be; So-called its principle of the comprehensive regulation is: " being suitable for the anti-anti-sick worm kind of local conditional based on plantation, is the center with crop rotation or soil removal and replacement and cultural controls such as health cultivation, nutrition adjusting, is aided with cost-effective chemical control ";

(1) prevention of damage by disease and insect

I, plant quarantine

The safety that assurance is introduced a fine variety is carried out place of production quarantine, allocation and transportation quarantine and is planted experimentally quarantine;

II, the anti-anti-sick worm kind of utilization

From introducing a fine variety good disease-resistant worm kind both at home and abroad, in the process of introducing a fine variety, must plant experimentally, understand the adaptability of introduced variety to local cause of disease biological strain and insect, in addition, should also be noted that: the kind rational deployment, avoid the kind unification; Kind by turns; The purification and rejuvenation of kind are wiped out the disease leaf or dial to be removed the heavier plant of pathology, to reduce the dip-dye source; Avoid continuous cropping or plant non-Lycoris kind in the Lycoris garden; Avoid short-tube lycoris that the field gathers and in spite of illness or non-plant of disinfecting bring in the garden, avoid cross-infection;

1., select ground, suitable garden III, create the good condition of growing for plant, improve its resistant to diseases and insects, method commonly used has:; 2., strict control ground threshing sanitary condition; 3., rich water quality management; 4., select healthy anosis propagating materials for use; 5., reinforcement is to the tending management of plant; 6., the temperature and humidity in the adjusting nursery, when introducing a fine variety with the short-tube lycoris bulb, avoid producing wound, breaking as far as possible, and must removal of contamination before plantation, remove unnecessary rete, bulb was immersed 1% formalin 0.5～1.0 hour again, or 500 times of liquid of 5% carbendazim 12 hours, or 0.1% liter of yellow solution soaked the minimizing primary infection 0.5～1.0 hour;

IV, physico mechanical control

Refer to utilize simple tool and light, temperature, humidity, heat, electricity, radiant to come the method for prevention and elimination of disease and pests to comprise:

1. the hot water of seedling, hot blast are handled: ill nursery stock can be handled with hot blast, and temperature is 35-40 ℃, processing time 1-4 week; Also available 40-50 ℃ warm water is handled, soak time is 10 minutes to 3 hours, plant after the processing is used cold water drip washing, thermal treatment will experimentize in advance, will slowly heat up during processing, must guard against rapid rising, should make plant that a warm exercise of adaptation is arranged, generally since 25 ℃, raise 2 ℃ every day, temperature reaches 37 ± 1 ℃ treatment temperature after 6-7 days;

2. the thermal treatment of soil: the thermal treatment of modern greenhouse soil is to use heat steam (90-100 ℃), and the processing time is 30 minutes; Utilizing solar heat to handle soil also is effective measures, in 7-8 month soil is shakeout and to do the ridge, the ridge is to being the north-south, back covered with plastic film (25um is thick to be advisable) waters, during covering, maintain 10-15 days fine day, the topsoil temperature is killed the pathogen in the soil basically up to 60-70 ℃;

3. mechanical iris action: overlay film is propagated pathogen and has been played mechanical iris action, and soil temperature, humidity improve behind the coverlay, quickens rotting of invalid body, has reduced source of infection;

V, biological control

Biological control is a method of utilizing biological or its metabolite Pest Control and disease, it comprises and utilizes pest natural enemy as virus, bacterium, fungi, protozoa and rickettsia-like organism and nematode, spider, insectivore, the parasite of the antagonistic microbe of the phytopathy original such as bacterium, fungi, nematode, antibiotic, the biological control of insect pests method, promptly comprise and control worm with worm, control worm with bacterium, control worm with bird, control worm and other useful animals are controlled worm with hormone, had modern age the people that sterile technology, genetic control and hormone are controlled the category that worm is all listed biological control in;

VI, chemical control

[1], agricultural chemicals prevention

The agricultural chemicals of pre-disease prevention:

1. inorganic fungicide: bordeaux mixture, lime sulfur, available 1% bordeaux mixture or 500 times of liquid of 75% tpn, 1000 times of liquid of 70% first holder, 800 times of liquid of zineb spray between period of disease;

2. organic bactericide: charcoal Trane, Shibaoling, polysulfide barium, encyclopaedia, procymidone, can kill, can prevent and treat anthracnose, leaf blight, eqpidemic disease, red rust, gray mold, rot, sodium-o-phenyl phenolate, anti-storage period disease;

3. farm antibiotics: have efficient free from environmental pollution to person poultry safety's advantage.Streptomycin, terramycin, antimycoin 120, kasugarnycin, jinggangmycin, neiliaosu;

4. nematocide: gram line pellet, ammoniacal liquor, lime;

The agricultural chemicals of pre-insect-pest:

1. organophosphorus insecticide; 2. carbamate insecticide, organonitrogenous insecticide, pyrethroid insecticides, benzoylphenyl urea compound, fumigant aluminum phosphate; 3. vegetable insecticide: nicotine preparation, rotenone; 4. microorganism insecticide: BT preparation, white muscardine fungi preparation; 5. other class: resin soap emulsifiable concentrate; 6. miticide: acetamiprid, methamidophos, fenisobromolate;

[2], plant growth regulator

Be to have a phytohormone activity, growth and development of plants is played the chemical substance of the synthetic of important regulating action, as phytocytomine, brassin lactones, paclobutrazol, 920, IDALL receive;

[3], weed killer herbicide

Be to be used for the medicament of controlling weeds and noxious plant, weed killer herbicide by the purposes and the mode of action can be divided into selectivity, the natural disposition of going out, tagging property, systemic herbicide four classes, as Acetochlor, superstar's (broad-leaved is clean), smart quizalofopethyl, prestige despot;

(2) improvement of concrete damage by disease and insect

The control of I, rot: soaked 30 minutes with 0.3% copper sulfate solution before 1. bulb is planted, wash, dry the back plantation; 2. plant after 30 minutes with 500 times of liquid of carbendazim or 1000 times of liquid immersions of 50% carbendazim of 25%; 3. note removing diseased plant at any time;

The control of II, anthracnose: 1. wipe out the disease leaf, remove invalid body, concentrate and burn; 2. planting density is not overstocked, keeps ventilation and penetrating light, avoids directly watering plant; 3. select disease-resistant variety for use, cultivate healthy and strong plant, improve resistance against diseases; Can spray the special 2500 times of circulation liquid of 50% benzene Lay when 4. plant falls ill, 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, 70% holds in the palm not 1000 times of liquid in Tianjin;

The control of III, brown spot: 1. collect susceptible leaf spring and burn minimizing dip-dye source; 2. the measure of strengthening management, applying organic manure and P.K fertilizer are in time taked precautions against drought into ponding, to strengthen resistance; 3. 500 times of liquid of disease early spray zineb or Baume 3～5 degree stone sulphur add up to 1: 100～200 times bordeaux mixture, 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim;

The control of IV, aphid: 1. wipe out the disease leaf, residual branch is concentrated and is burnt; 2. spray 1059 or 1605 of 1000～1500 times of liquid, spray 1500 times Rogor, the florescence should be used bromine chrysanthemum fat or remove middle center or the chrysanthemum control, in order to avoid the injury petal;

The control of V, shell insects: 1. when introducing a fine variety and far transfer nursery stock, must strengthen quarantine; 2. secateurs deinsectization branch is concentrated to be burnt in conjunction with dredging; 3. in the larva incubation period or spray 1000 times of liquid of 50% phoxim, 1500 times of liquid of 40% flolimat, 1000 times of liquid of 25% phosmet;

The control of VI, nocturnal moth class: 1. eliminate the worm attitude of surviving the winter in conjunction with digging winter; 2. utilize the phototaxis of adult, establish black light and catch the center of following closely into; 3. larva harm can be sprayed 50% the phase and killed 1000 times of liquid of snout moth's larva powder, the degree of depth 100,000,000/milliliter table entomogenous fungi liquid, and bacillus thuringensis, bacillus thruingensis, every gram contains 500～700 times of liquid of the bacterium powder of spore more than 10,000,000,000 sprays, and effect is all good; 4. manual catching and killing's pieces of an egg and the not newly hatched larvae of diffusion; 5. use acetate solution (sugar: vinegar: water=3: 1: 6) add a small amount of chlorophos stomach poison trapping adult;

The control of VII, mite class: 1. 1000 times of liquid roots of 20% dicofol are irritated; 2. thermal treatment napiform root is gone into 43 ℃ of emerge in worm water foam plastics hour, and certain control efficiency is arranged; 3. soil disinfection and crop rotation;

(3) problem and the solution of vine growth and development existence

(1) it is bad to take out Roripa

Short-tube lycoris take out the inheritance that Roripa depends primarily on kind, have and take out Roripa fully, not exclusively take out the branch of Roripa, but be originally the kind of taking out Roripa fully sometimes, the phenomenon of not taking out Roripa or not exclusively taking out Roripa has in a large number but appearred, this is owing to the environmental condition discomfort or cultivation step is improper causes, storage period is to the bulb of breaking dormancy phase, or budding period after planting and seedling phase, under 0～10 ℃ of low temperature, after 30～40 days, just can break up bud and bulbil, under high temperature and long-day condition, just can develop into the bulb of normally taking out Roripa then, just run into high temperature and long-day condition if experience the deficiency of time of low temperature, bud and bulb can not normal differentiation, will produce the plant of not taking out Roripa or not exclusively taking out Roripa, and the bulb head diminishes weight reduction;

(2) split a mashed squama

The outer coversheet of bulb is tightly to be wrapped in by the multilayer sepia is membranous, if wrap few by the blade film of bulb, bulb diaphragm can be burst when loose or the leaf sheath breakage, rot, the bulb external pressure reduces, or bulb is mouldy rotten, living maggot phenomenon, the reason that produces this phenomenon has the following aspects: the kind relation; Subterranean water level height, soil property are glued heavy; Date of seeding, is improper; Field management measure is improper; Collecting time and method are improper, after the bulb results, connect and meet wet weather; Storage practice is improper;

(3) onion garlic

The bulb base portion does not expand, do not form real bulb likeness in form shallot, so name " onion garlic ", one of major reason that produces the onion garlic is because bulb bud or the low temperature and the cultivation management that after planting do not experience enough fates store, seedling is when growth is thin and weak, bulbil can not break up, can not form bulb, also can produce " onion garlic ", in addition, bulb is loose especially, and when diauxic growth takes place, also easily produce " onion garlic ", obviously this is because nutrient focuses in the mitogenetic bulb, has suppressed the cause that bulb is grown;

(4) blade tip is withered and yellow

The short-tube lycoris leaf is withered and yellow also may to be taken place in other periods except may taking place in mashed squama phase, and its reason mainly contains: vegetative period the nutrient supply deficiency; Winter antecedent soil moisture, the water supply deficiency; Soil drainage is bad, and root system respiration is obstructed; Soil is sticking heavy and cultivated soil layer is shallow, and Root Distribution is shallow, is subject to the wet excessively influence of soil overdrying, and when spring temperature rose, performance obviously;

(5) the withered and yellow degree difference of blade tip

Preventing or alleviating the withered and yellow fundamental way of blade tip is to select lower, the well-drained sandy loam plantation of subterranean water level, carrying out high bedding cultivation preserves moisture, add the deep ploughing soil layer, the promotion well developed root system is kept more stable soil moisture and is avoided neglecting the dried wet suddenly and required nutrient supply of assurance bulb;

(6) " paralysed seedling "

Short-tube lycoris does not reach the false cauline leaf deliquescing of plant harvest time, and blade is withered and yellow, thin and weak, paralysis volt early ageing phenomenon on the ground, can have a strong impact on the yield and quality of short-tube lycoris, and the reason that produces paralysis is: the kind relation; Underground damage by disease and insect is serious, and the soil insect root system bulb of causing harm weakens the plant water absorbing capacity; Rich water quality management is improper, and young plant malnutrition or excessive applied nitrogen make seedling long suddenly;

(7) hoop leaf

The short-tube lycoris leaf is that nature is upheld when growing, and the blade that has when 4～5 reach 40cm, has a shape as the brown scapus film of " hoop " the blade portion of closing to be waled long in the blade stage casing, make blade can not normal development due to, when planting, can cut short scape; Can suitably peel off the hoop stratiform, or scratch, to eliminate or the adverse effect of fan-catcher leaf with blade.

4. the normalized planting method of medicinal lycoris radiata according to claim 1, its feature also comprises following content:

Temperature condition: the preference temperature of seedling phase is 12～16 ℃, after bulb duration of storage or plantation, can stand 10 ℃～-6 ℃ low temperature 1～2 month, and the growth thermophilic of scape and bulb is 15～25 ℃, and temperature can not be above 25 ℃;

Illumination condition: scape is relevant with the length of light application time with the bulb growth, low-temp reaction responsive type kind, and light application time length is little to the influence that scape grows, and the growth of bulb is advisable with illumination in 12 hours, and under illumination in 8 hours, it is poor slightly that bulb is grown; The low-temp reaction intermediate variety, under illumination in 12 hours, scape physically well develops, under illumination in 8 hours, the scape depauperation, bulb is grown not too good under illumination in 13～14 hours; The blunt type kind of low-temp reaction, scape grows the illumination of wanting more than 13 hours, under illumination in 12 hours, does not generally also form bulb, and bulb is grown needs certain illumination;

Moisture condition: the soil moisture that short-tube lycoris is after planting had relatively high expectations, promote root of hair and germination, the seedling phase will suitably be reduced soil moisture, prevent that young plant is long suddenly, promote that root system develops in depth, avoid the short-tube lycoris bulb to cross under the wet condition and rot, growth of seedling is caused adverse effect at soil; Move back after female the end, the short-tube lycoris leaf growth is accelerated the consumption of moisture, keep soil with high humidity, promote the growth of plant, for the differentiation of bud, bulbil with grow and lay foundation, scape elongation and bulb expanding stage are vigorous day by day periods of spider lily growth, the soil moisture of having relatively high expectations, when bulb fully expands, root system flavescence gradually is withered, and the several layers of leaf sheath in bulb outside dry out gradually, when becoming membranous brown shape, soil moisture be should reduce, rotten blackening of bulb crust and insect pest prevented;

Soil condition: short-tube lycoris generally suits be rich in organic good permeability, water conservation, sandy loam that drainage performance is good or loam matrix soil, cultivations such as medium soil, in addition, also should be noted that and select high-land or the lower location cultivation short-tube lycoris of subterranean water level, as on the soil of subterranean water level height and impeded drainage, planting bulb, might rot ball, the bulb expanding stage is short simultaneously, output reduces, plant in the low and well-drained soil in subterranean water level, the expanding stage of bulb is longer, the higher short-tube lycoris happiness of output subacidity soil, suitable soil hydrogen ion concentration be about 1000～2000 receive rub/liter, pH value is 5.8～7.8, plants short-tube lycoris in the big soil of alkalescence, and bulb rots easily, plant strain growth is bad, and bulb diminishes;

Biotic factor: some biotic factor such as fungi, virus, nematode and insect; harmful to short-tube lycoris; should in time prevent and treat; some biotic factor; as useful fungi and insects such as armillaria mellea, white muscardine fungi, bacillus thuringiensis,Bt and honeybee, coccinella septempunctatas; to the cultivation short-tube lycoris is favourable, should be protected and utilize.

5. the normalized planting method of medicinal lycoris radiata according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the storage of short-tube lycoris, all toxic, adsorptivity, aromaticity, saccharic is tough should preserve respectively, to check regularly that at duration of storage often airing especially will guard against damp especially at plum rain season, discovery is made moist, in time drying, discovery insect pest, the plague of rats are prevented and treated early, but forbid to use the sterilization agricultural chemicals, to avoid phytotoxicity accident.

6. the normalized planting method of medicinal lycoris radiata according to claim 1 is characterized in that the storage of short-tube lycoris, answers classification to store, and the bulb number that each frame of plastic loads is superfine 150,200 of one-levels, 300 of secondarys, three grades 500.