CN108522120A - The breeding method of Chinese yew - Google Patents
The breeding method of Chinese yew Download PDFInfo
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- CN108522120A CN108522120A CN201810334399.5A CN201810334399A CN108522120A CN 108522120 A CN108522120 A CN 108522120A CN 201810334399 A CN201810334399 A CN 201810334399A CN 108522120 A CN108522120 A CN 108522120A
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- seed
- chinese yew
- breeding method
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of breeding method of Chinese yew, drip irrigation device includes the following steps A. seed collections：After seed collection, seed kind skin is handled；B. the storage of seeds：Alternating temperature stratification processing, seed is first in cool stratification, then is warming up warm dust accumulation, finally the lamination in low temperature；C. seedbed preparation：Select nursery, using base manure, and by base manure and nursery soil harrow repeatedly it is even after, nursery garden；D. presprouting of seeds：Seed is soaked in thimerosal, plant hormone vernalization is then used；E. it sows：In garden internal pressure seed furrow, seeding row spacing program request；F. field management：To garden carry out daily irrigation, top dressing and pest management.The present invention has the effect of the bud ratio for improving seed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ornamental plants to cultivate field, and more specifically it is related to a kind of breeding method of Chinese yew.
Background technology
Chinese yew（Taxus), it is generally acknowledged in the world endangered natural rare plants for anticancer, is that quaternary glacier is lost
The ancient seeds stayed have 2,500,000 years history on earth.China has been classified as the protection of level-one Precious, Rare, Endangered and has been planted
Object, the United Nations also prohibite felling.
Also there is very vast potential for future development in terms of afforestation, indoor potted landscape, such as utilize rare Chinese yew system
The high-grade potted landscape of work.The Chinese year potted landscpe moulding handled using dwarfing technology is simple and tasteful, and branches and leaves are compact without intensive, unfold and
Not loose, red shank, red branch, greenery, red bean make it have the multiple ornamental value for seeing stem, seeing branch, see leaf, seeing fruit.
It is the effective way of an alleviation taxus resource wretched insufficiency using seed growing Chinese yew artificial forest.But due to
The rest period of Chinese yew seed is longer, needs one summer of two winters that could sprout under field conditions (factors), a large amount of seed is within rest period
Meeting devitalization, to limit the utilization of Chinese yew artificial forest resource.How to improve the bud ratio of seed becomes red bean
Urgent problem to be solved in China fir seedling fostering.
Invention content
It is excellent in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention intends to provide a kind of breeding method of Chinese yew
Point is to improve the bud ratio of seed.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical solutions：A kind of breeding method of Chinese yew, feature exist
In：Include the following steps：
A. seed collection：
In mid or late October, kind of skin of collecting seed is in wine-colored fruit；After seed collection, seed kind skin is handled；
B. the storage of seeds：
Alternating temperature stratification processing, seed is first in cool stratification 100 to 120 days, then in warm warm dust accumulation 150 to 170 days, finally in low temperature
Middle lamination 90 to 110 days；
C. seedbed preparation：
Select nursery, using base manure, and by base manure and nursery soil harrow repeatedly it is even after, nursery be made into furrow it is 1.2 meters wide,
High 15 to 20 centimetres of garden；
D. presprouting of seeds：
Seed is soaked in thimerosal 10 to 20 minutes, plant hormone vernalization 24 to 48 hours is then used, then moves into greenhouse；
E. it sows：
The seed furrow that 2 centimetres deep, spacing is 20 centimetres is suppressed in the ground of garden then to use with 5 cm x, 10 centimetres of seeding row spacing program requests
Sieved plant ash and fine earth cover seed, then build arched shed on the ground in garden, and covering sunshade rate is 70 to 85% sunshades on arched shed
Net；
F. field management：
Daily irrigation, top dressing and pest management to garden are carried out, is 5 to 32 degrees Celsius in temperature with keeping garden, humidity is
70% to 80%；October stops fertilising, and removes sunshade net.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, after first low temperature high temperature again low temperature alternating temperature stratification processing so that Chinese yew seed
By the Stratificated treatment in one summer of two winters.Indoor lamination is substantially better than outdoor hayashishita due to temperature-controllable, Chinese yew seeding ratio
The emergence rate of natural temperature sowing.So that southerm yew passes through prolonged changes in temperature alternating temperature stratification, embryo completes its form
While development, biochemical functions are also gradually perfect.Therefore after Chinese yew seed functional development is complete, successively by seedbed
Preparation, presprouting of seeds, sowing and field management realize the bud ratio of Chinese yew seed, will be above the Chinese yew kind of normal storage
Son.
The present invention is further arranged to：In stepb, it before alternating temperature stratification processing, is soaked seed using 0.2% potassium permanganate
Disinfection 30 minutes.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, is soaked seed and sterilized using 0.2% potassium permanganate, can effectively remove kind of a sublist
The microorganism in face, reduction seed mouldy probability because of the storage of upper time.
The present invention is further arranged to：In stepb, cool stratification selects 4 to 7 DEG C, warm layer product select 26 to
29℃。
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, 4 to 7 DEG C of cool stratification belongs to and is relatively suitble to Chinese yew seed simulation winter
Temperature；26 to 29 DEG C belong to the temperature for being relatively suitble to Chinese yew seed simulation summer；Therefore under above-mentioned temperature range, Neng Gougeng
Add the morphological development for being adapted to seed, promotes seed germination rate.
The present invention is further arranged to：In stepb, the matrix of lamination uses mass ratio for 2:1 perlite and foam
Plastic grain.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, perlite and foam grain all have good gas permeability, are conducive to red
Beans China fir seed development；And it is fixed conducive to seed by perlite and foam grain mixing.
The present invention is further arranged to：In step C, nursery selects Schattenseite neutral or the fertile loose soil of subacidity
Earth.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, Chinese yew happiness is cloudy, therefore in Schattenseite neutrality or the fertile loose soil of subacidity
It is more suitable for the growth of Chinese yew.
The present invention is further arranged to：In step C, the base manure is pig manure, cow dung, the mixing of poultry-dung one or more
After admix Furadan.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, pig manure, cow dung, poultry-dung is easy to get and cost is told somebody what one's real intentions are, and can have after use
Effect promotes the fertility of soil；And Furadan is carbamates wide spectrum inner sucting killing insect mite killing nematicide, can be used for a variety of works
Object prevents interior soil and 300 various pests on ground and nematode.And have shorten crop growth period, promote crop growth from
And effectively improve the effect of crop yield.
The present invention is further arranged to：In step C, the garden 8 days prior to seeding, every square metre with 40% formal
50 milliliters of woods adds 15 liters of water, is sprinkled upon on soil, film is used in combination to cover, until sowing is thrown off for first 3 days.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the mixed liquor of formalin and water can effectively kill bacterial propagule, and
The strong tubercle bacillus of resistance, virus.
The present invention is further arranged to：In step D, thimerosal is volume ratio 1：1 60 ° of alcohol and 40 DEG C of warm water it is mixed
Close liquid.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, 60 ° of alcohol and 40 DEG C of warm water are small to the injury of seed and can reach to seed
The effect of sterilization.
The present invention is further arranged to：In step D, plant hormone is the Gibberellins solution of 90mg/L.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, there is Chinese yew seed the characteristic of deep dormancy, Gibberellins solution immersion can have
Effect shortens growing-seedling period, improves the cracking rate and emergence rate of seed；And the Gibberellins solution of 90mg/L is to the facilitation of seed
Better than other concentration.
The present invention is further arranged to：In step, seed kind skin processing mode includes：Seed is put into clear water and is soaked
Half an hour is steeped, the concentrated sulfuric acid for placing into 55% impregnates four hours, is cleaned, is dried with flowing water.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the seed exosper of Chinese yew is waterproof by lithocyte layer, phellem layer and wax
Layer is constituted, and mesosperm is the very poor phellem layer of water penetration, and the kind skin of endotesta film quality, this structure seriously prevents Chinese yew
Seed moisture content absorbs and gas exchanges, becomes one layer of obstacle of Chinese yew seed sprouting.And 4h is impregnated one with 55% sulfuric acid solution
The inhibition for determining elimination kind skin in degree, makes seed fully absorb moisture, while also increasing the gas permeability of exosper, reduces
The limitation of oxygen exchange, makes mortifier by oxygenolysis, enhances the activation capacity of separate living tissue；It is molten using 55% sulfuric acid simultaneously
Liquid impregnates Chinese yew seed, compared with the prior art the middle mode using friction removal kind skin；Controllability higher, and operate more
It is convenient.
In conclusion the present invention has the following advantages：
1, Chinese yew seed is impregnated using 55% sulfuric acid solution, compared with the prior art the middle mode using friction removal kind skin；It can
Control property higher, and operate more convenient；
2, for lamination due to temperature-controllable, Chinese yew seeding ratio is substantially better than the emergence rate of outdoor hayashishita natural temperature sowing.
Specific implementation mode
Invention is further described in detail below.
Embodiment, a kind of breeding method of Chinese yew, the specific steps are：
A. seed collection：
1, in mid or late October, kind of skin of collecting seed is in wine-colored fruit；
2, after seed collection, seed is put into clear water and impregnates half an hour, the concentrated sulfuric acid for placing into 55% impregnates four hours, with stream
Water is cleaned, is dried.
Specifically, the seed exosper of Chinese yew is made of lithocyte layer, phellem layer and wax impermeable stratum, mesosperm is
The very poor phellem layer of water penetration, endotesta film quality, the kind skin of this structure seriously prevent the seed moisture content of Chinese yew absorb and
Gas exchanges become one layer of obstacle of Chinese yew seed sprouting.
4h is impregnated with 55% sulfuric acid solution, eliminates the inhibition of kind of skin to a certain extent under the chemical action of the concentrated sulfuric acid,
So that seed is fully absorbed moisture, while also increasing the gas permeability of exosper, reduce the limitation of oxygen exchange, makes mortifier quilt
Oxygenolysis enhances the activation capacity of separate living tissue.The mode of friction removal kind skin is used in compared with the prior art；It uses
55% sulfuric acid solution impregnates Chinese yew seed, controllability higher, and operates more convenient, the kind skin preferably for a large amount of seeds
Processing.
B. the storage of seeds：
1, it is sterilized 30 minutes using 0.2% potassium permanganate seed soaking；
2, alternating temperature stratification is handled, and seed is first in cool stratification 100 to 120 days, then in warm warm dust accumulation 150 to 170 days, finally low
Middle benefit gas lamination 90 to 110 days；
3,1 time dynamic every 1 month lamination varus, it such as finds the seed that goes rotten, rejects in time.
Specifically, cool stratification selects 4 to 7 DEG C, warm layer product selects 26 to 29 DEG C.Preferably, cool stratification selects 6
DEG C, warm layer product selects 26 DEG C.The matrix of lamination uses mass ratio for 2:1 perlite and foam grain.Perlite and
Foam grain all has good gas permeability, is conducive to Chinese yew seed development.
C. seedbed preparation：
1, nursery, nursery is selected to select Schattenseite neutral or the fertile loose soil of subacidity；
2, using base manure, and base manure harrowed with nursery soil repeatedly even；
3, nursery is made into that furrow are 1.2 meters wide, high 15 to 20 centimetres of garden.
Specifically, the pH value of nursery is 5.6 to 7.Base manure be pig manure, cow dung, poultry-dung one or more mixing after mix
Enter Furadan.Wherein, decomposed pig manure, cow dung, 3000 kilograms of poultry-dung are applied per acre.
In addition, garden 8 days prior to seeding, every square metre with 50 milliliters of 40% formalin, adds 15 liters of water, is sprinkled upon on soil,
It is used in combination film to cover, until sowing is thrown off for first 3 days.
D. presprouting of seeds：
1, seed is soaked in volume ratio 1：It sterilizes within 10 to 20 minutes in 1 60 ° of alcohol and the mixed liquor of 40 DEG C of warm water；
2, with the Gibberellins solution vernalization of 90mg/L 24 to 48 hours, greenhouse is then moved into；
Preferably, a length of 12 minutes when disinfection, when Gibberellins solution vernalization, is 25 hours a length of.
E. it sows：
1, it crosses.In the ground of garden, straight line is drawn for spacing with 20 centimetres, in order to sow and manage；
2, it ditches.Wide 4 to 5 centimetres of seed furrow is opened at scribing line, the depth of seed furrow is at 2 centimetres；
3, it sows.It is typically chosen in the cloudy day, when sowing, with 5 cm x, 10 centimetres of seeding row spacing program requests, ensures seed in seed furrow
It is evenly distributed；
4, earthing.It is 1 with ratio:3 sieved plant ash and fine earth cover seeds, and thickness is at 1.5 to 1.8 centimetres, and in earthing
Afterwards, it is slightly suppressed；
5, arched shed is built.Arched shed is 1.8 meters high, and it is 70 to 85% sunshade nets that sunshade rate is covered on arched shed.
F. field management：
1, it irrigates.If summer temperature is high, irrigated in the morning or at dusk.To reduce nursery lot field temperature, promote root to supporting
The absorption divided.It is separated by 7 to 10 days between irrigating every time；
2, top dressing.Southerm yew seedling growth early period, 0.2% urea, was applied primary every month.Middle and later periods uses a large amount of nitrogen
(N), the chemical fertilizer of a great number of elements such as phosphorus (P), potassium (K) mainly uses potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer at later stages.Fertilising required in rainy season
Or water irrigation is carried out after fertilising；
3, pest management.Chinese yew seedling stage easy infection germ and root-rot and samping off occurs, there is disease with 0.2% carbendazim
Prevention mixed with 0.1% triazolone.There are the insect pests such as grub, cutworm, with 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution and 25% sulphur Emulphors agent solution
Sprinkling irrigation of telling somebody what one's real intentions are prevents；There is aphid or spider infringement, practical DDVP or Rogor prevention；
4, weeding.Weeding is to see that grass just removes, each weeding combination top dressing.Meanwhile weeding is loosened the soil, and the aeration condition of soil is improved；
5, Temperature and Humidity Control.It it is 5 to 32 degrees Celsius in temperature with keeping garden, humidity is 70% to 80%；Stop fertilising October, and
Remove sunshade net.
G. it is out of the garden：
By 1 year raw 20 to 30 centimetres of height of seedling, ground diameter was 0.3 centimetre thick, side shoot 3 to 5 can be out of the garden.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, all design structures in the present invention
Within think of, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of breeding method of Chinese yew, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
Seed collection：
In mid or late October, kind of skin of collecting seed is in wine-colored fruit；After seed collection, seed kind skin is handled；
The storage of seeds：
Alternating temperature stratification processing, seed is first in cool stratification 100 to 120 days, then in warm warm dust accumulation 150 to 170 days, finally in low temperature
Middle lamination 90 to 110 days；
Seedbed preparation：
Select nursery, using base manure, and by base manure and nursery soil harrow repeatedly it is even after, nursery be made into furrow it is 1.2 meters wide,
High 15 to 20 centimetres of garden；
Presprouting of seeds：
Seed is soaked in thimerosal 10 to 20 minutes, plant hormone vernalization 24 to 48 hours is then used, then moves into greenhouse；
Sowing：
The seed furrow that 2 centimetres deep, spacing is 20 centimetres is suppressed in the ground of garden then to use with 5 cm x, 10 centimetres of seeding row spacing program requests
Sieved plant ash and fine earth cover seed, then build arched shed on the ground in garden, and covering sunshade rate is 70 to 85% sunshades on arched shed
Net；
Field management：
Daily irrigation, top dressing and pest management to garden are carried out, is 5 to 32 degrees Celsius in temperature with keeping garden, humidity is
70% to 80%；October stops fertilising, and removes sunshade net.
2. the breeding method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In stepb, alternating temperature stratification handles it
Before, it is sterilized 30 minutes using 0.2% potassium permanganate seed soaking.
3. the breeding method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In stepb, cool stratification selects 4
To 7 DEG C, the warm layer product selects 26 to 29 DEG C.
4. the breeding method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In stepb, the matrix of lamination uses
Mass ratio is 2:1 perlite and foam grain.
5. the breeding method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step C, nursery selects Schattenseite
The neutral or fertile loose soil of subacidity.
6. the breeding method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step C, the base manure is pig
Furadan is admixed after excrement, cow dung, the mixing of poultry-dung one or more.
7. the breeding method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step C, sowing to the garden
First 8 days, every square metre with 50 milliliters of 40% formalin, added 15 liters of water, is sprinkled upon on soil, film is used in combination to cover, until before sowing
It throws off within 3 days.
8. the breeding method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step D, thimerosal is volume ratio
1：The mixed liquor of 1 60 ° of alcohol and 40 DEG C of warm water.
9. the breeding method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step D, plant hormone is
The Gibberellins solution of 90mg/L.
10. the breeding method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step, seed kind skin is handled
Mode includes：Seed is put into clear water and impregnates half an hour, the concentrated sulfuric acid for placing into 55% impregnates four hours, is cleaned, is dried in the air with flowing water
It is dry.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN109197019A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-15 | 南京林业大学 | A method of breaking snowball seed dormancy |
| CN109769428A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-21 | 陕西理工大学 | A kind of processing method improving Chinese yew seed seedling-raising rate |
| CN109819835A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-05-31 | 曹德 | A kind of breeding method of Qinling Mountains indigo plant ice Chinese fir |
| CN110754277A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-02-07 | 普洱大华林业科技有限公司 | Forestation method for medicinal high-yield forests of artificial taxus chinensis |
| CN112314104A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2021-02-05 | 张掖民医堂医学研究有限责任公司 | Sabina przewalskii seed germination accelerating and seedling cultivation method |
| CN114568135A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-03 | 成都中医药大学 | Preservation method and germination method of evergreen fruit tree seeds |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109197019A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-15 | 南京林业大学 | A method of breaking snowball seed dormancy |
| CN109769428A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-21 | 陕西理工大学 | A kind of processing method improving Chinese yew seed seedling-raising rate |
| CN109769428B (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2021-11-09 | 陕西理工大学 | Treatment method for improving seedling raising rate of taxus chinensis seeds |
| CN109819835A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-05-31 | 曹德 | A kind of breeding method of Qinling Mountains indigo plant ice Chinese fir |
| CN110754277A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-02-07 | 普洱大华林业科技有限公司 | Forestation method for medicinal high-yield forests of artificial taxus chinensis |
| CN112314104A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2021-02-05 | 张掖民医堂医学研究有限责任公司 | Sabina przewalskii seed germination accelerating and seedling cultivation method |
| CN114568135A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-03 | 成都中医药大学 | Preservation method and germination method of evergreen fruit tree seeds |
| CN114568135B (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-10-20 | 成都中医药大学 | Preservation method and germination method of evergreen fruit tree seeds |
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Application publication date: 20180914 |