CN103355027A

CN103355027A - Taxus chinensis var.mairei seedling breeding method

Info

Publication number: CN103355027A
Application number: CN2013103081561A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱波风
Original assignee: JIANGSU HODO BIO-TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Current assignee: JIANGSU HODO BIO-TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority date: 2013-07-22
Filing date: 2013-07-22
Publication date: 2013-10-23

Abstract

The invention relates to a Taxus chinensis var.mairei seedling breeding method and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: collecting seeds, removing moisture after preparation, storing the seeds in a room, carrying out land preparation, applying a base fertilizer on the ground, sowing, shading, paying attention to watering and drainage, fertilizing and managing to obtain shoots, transplanting, digging a pit in the room, and carrying out piled storage. Stratification by digging the pit in the room is less influenced by external environment, and temperature, humidity and the like can be manually controlled. Thus, environmental conditions required by seed stratification are guaranteed, and seeds can be effectively prevented from being mildewed during the storage process.

Description

A kind of seedling mating system of southern enqlish yew

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of seedling mating system of southern enqlish yew, belong to the plant cultivating technical field.

Background technology

Chinese yew is aiphyllium, and sprig becomes yellow green or light red brown autumn, the leaf bar shaped, and dioecism, seed is oblate.Seed is used for extracting oil, and also can be used as medicine.Belong to shallow rooted plant, its main root is not obvious, lateral root is flourishing, high 30m, and trunk diameter reaches 1m.It is two row that leaf helical form alternate, base portion are reversed, and bar shaped is slight curving, long 1～2.5cm, wide 2～2.5mm, the little contrary flexure of leaf margin, end of blade is point gradually, blade back has 2 wide yellow greens or celadon stomatal band, and close on the middle arteries and veins have a tiny salient point, and the leaf margin greenbelt is extremely narrow, dioecism, male cone singly is born in axil, and the ovule list of female cone is born in the top of floral axis top adnation minor axis, and base portion has discoid arillus.The flat oval of seed has 2 ribs, plants oval, arillus cup-shaped, redness.

The Chinese yew biological property requires high to ecotope, general one-tenth tree will grow 100～250 years.Statistics showed in 1996, and the Yunnan Wild Chinese yew accounts for 55% of whole nation sum, and wherein Lijing is just being survived 1,100,000.Chinese yew is the perennial evergreen arbor, and biomass is very huge, and growth time is short.Its main root is not obvious, and lateral root is flourishing, and branches and leaves are luxuriant, and germination is strong, and is anti-low cold, the low temperature of ability-25 ℃.Can plant in national most area.Growth is fast, year growth actual measurement 40～50cm, the highest can 60～70cm, be 300～700% amount of growth of domestic Chinese yew (Chinese Chinese yew, taxusyunnanensis etc.).Living biomass accumulation was 600～800/ strain years in 3～4 years, produced the receipts amount in 5 years when living.More than the bright raw material 1.5kg, can be used for refining taxol.Next year can be germinated new branches and leaves again, its biomass is greater than adopting the taxol that contains in the Chinese yew first year, have unique anticancer mechanism and higher active anticancer, can stop the breeding of cancer cell, the migration of inhibition tumor cell, being recognized is most important anti-cancer active matter in the current natural medicine field.The clinical research proof of the U.S. has outstanding curative effect to ovary and breast cancer.In addition, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease also there is certain effect.

Wild Chinese yew growth conditions is close to harshness, the growth region is narrow; strict to weather conditions; why can be there there in the Ru Yuan mountain area so luxuriant growth group? expert Mo Yibin for many years claims according to locality research these seeds of protection, and unique geographical location circumstances, the weather of moistening humidity, good ecotope, the local masses protect indispensable energetically.The bridge town belongs to high and cold Limestone Mountain Areas, and sea level on the average reaches more than 800 meters, and day and night temperature reaches 7 ℃, and annual mean temperature only has 17 ℃, and spring and summer, weather humidity was larger, was well suited for growth of taxol.

The development and use of Chinese yew have good prospect, currently should greatly develop artificial cultivation.The propagation method that Chinese yew is commonly used has two kinds, seminal propagation and cottage propagation.Wherein seminal propagation need to through a vernalization process, often adopt the outdoor wet husky Tibetan lamination that naturally becomes to process seed to improve percentage of seedgermination.Yet natural environment is difficult to manual control, does not for example rain for a long time to cause humidity lower, meet rainy weather again long-term rainfall cause humidity larger.And the cottage propagation of Chinese yew is all higher in the requirement of light, temperature, the aspect such as wet, and natural environment can't satisfy its breeding requirement, needs to drop into more human and material resources, and the relative seminal propagation of survival rate is lower.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of seedling mating system of southern enqlish yew is provided.

According to technical scheme provided by the invention, a kind of seedling mating system of southern enqlish yew, the storage of anhydrating behind the collection seed preparation, it is stored in the room, sows shading after behind the whole ground ground being imposed base manure, note watering draining, simultaneously to its fertilizing management, obtain transplanting behind the shoot.

The seedling mating system of described southern enqlish yew, step is as follows:

(1) seed preparation: gathered in 13 ~ 15 days after the Frost's Descent, the fruit after gathering is macerated and is put a week, the flush away exosper, add fine sand, repeatedly wash by rubbing with the hands, rub wax coat, with the potassium permanganate of mass concentration 0.2%～0.3% seed soaking sterilization 30 ~ 35min, dry table water, preserve waiting;

(2) seed treatment: the earthing of seeds mound storage that step (1) is gathered carries out vernalization; It is stored in high-land, draining is good, ventilation condition is good room, digs pit in the room and carry out the mound storage mound storage; Behind the mound storage 15～16 months, when the seed when 70%～80% breach occurs and shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, can sift out planting seed;

(3) whole ground: carry out whole ground in 10～December, comprise turn over, rake the soil level, smooth, suppression; Deep plough carefully whole, remove grass roots, stone, the ground grading is broken;

(4) basal dressing: in conjunction with whole ground, every 666.7m ²Apply become thoroughly decomposed hurdle fertilizer or the cake fertilizer 1000～1200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, or composite fertilizer 50kg～55kg, fertilizer is turned underground layer and flattens the furrow face;

(5) bed is made in the nursery: minute furrow are made bed, bedside 1.3～1.4m, the height of bed 20～25cm, and the clean wide 1.1～1.2m of bed surface, the wide 0.25～0.35m of pavement, seedbed length is decided on nursery lot;

(6) nursery bed disinfection: 10～12 days prior to seeding, every square metre with 35%～40% formalin, 50 ~ 60mL, adds water 10～15kg, is sprinkled upon on the soil, and covers with film, broadcasts front 3～4 days and throw off, then sowing;

(7) sowing: sow for 5～February 15 February, the seed that has showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally is placed on disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 10～15min of 0.2%～0.3%, rinses well with clear water again, broadcasts equably in ditch the every 666.7m of seeding quantity after drying ²Be 12～15kg; Sow complete after, at the moistening straw of seedbed surface cover one deck, and then cover layer of plastic film.

(8) shading: to the early and middle ten days in April, begin to emerge, the film that needs this moment to throw oneself on the ground changes the little shed of plastics into and proceeds heat and moisture preserving, covers simultaneously the sunshade net about height 1.7～1.8m; Enter the late May temperature and progressively raise, remove the plastic film of shed, change and cover sunshade rate 50%～70% sunshade net;

(9) draining of watering: in time water when nursery lot soil turns white, moisturizing, water and select morning and carry out at dusk; Seedling stage can not ponding, and timely draining when rainy season or milpa ponding especially emerging and seedling period, prevents field ponding;

(10) fertilizing management: seedling growth is 0.1%～0.2% aqueous solution of urea in earlier stage with mass concentration, executes once every January; Middle and later periods is used the nutrient solution of specially joining every January, its prescription is: nitrate of lime 550mg/L, potassium nitrate 150mg/L, magnesium sulfate 155mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 135mg/L, potassium chloride 750mg/L, ammonium sulfate 750mg/L, manganese sulphate 0.4mg/L, zinc sulphate 0.06mg/L, boric acid 0.65 mg/L, sodium molybdate 0.025 mg/L, chelated iron 0.65mg/L;

(11) transplant: after 1 year, when 3 ~ 5 of height of seedling 15 ~ 35cm, the thick 0.3 ~ 0.4cm of leading thread, side shoots, be qualified transplantation of seedlings; Should keep root system complete during transplanting, not damage terminal bud, not damaged root skin forbids to use the hand-lifting seedling.

Nutrient solution prescription is: nitrate of lime 550 mg/L, potassium nitrate 150 mg/L, magnesium sulfate 155mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 135mg/L, potassium chloride 750mg/L, ammonium sulfate 750 mg/L, manganese sulphate 0.4mg/L, zinc sulphate 0.06mg/L, boric acid 0.65 mg/L, sodium molybdate 0.025 mg/L, chelated iron 0.65 mg/L.

Beneficial effect of the present invention: in the room, dig pit and carry out mound storage.The indoor lamination of digging pit is affected by the external environment less, and temperature, humidity etc. can be carried out manual control, has guaranteed the environmental condition that earthing of seeds is required.The indoor lamination of digging pit is affected by the external environment less, and temperature, humidity etc. can be carried out manual control, has guaranteed environmental condition required when earthing of seeds is processed, and can prevent effectively that seed is mouldy at storage.

Sow complete after, at the moistening straw of seedbed surface cover one deck, and then cover layer of plastic film.When February, weather was also colder, can play effective heat and moisture preserving effect, greatly improve the emergence rate of seed.

Middle and later periods is used the nutrient solution of specially joining every January, can cultivate healthy and strong seedling, has improved the later stage transplanting survival rate of nursery stocks.The present invention has improved the germination rate of Taxus chinensis var. mairei Seeds breeding, and seedling has flourishing root system compared to cuttage seeding, and robust growth is difficult for introduced disease, strong stress resistance.Realize the large-scale production of southern enqlish yew seedling, just can produce a large amount of Chinese yew seedling in a short time.The chemical agent that uses in the whole production process is relatively more less than other seedling cultivation methods uses, not only saves production cost, and also reduces the pollution to environment simultaneously.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

(1) seed preparation: gathered in 13 days after the Frost's Descent, the fruit after gathering is macerated and is put a week, and the flush away exosper adds fine sand, repeatedly washes by rubbing with the hands, rubs wax coat, and the potassium permanganate seed soaking sterilization 30min with mass concentration 0.2% dries table water, preserves waiting;

(2) seed treatment: the earthing of seeds mound storage that step (1) is gathered carries out vernalization; It is stored in high-land, draining is good, ventilation condition is good room, digs pit in the room and carry out the mound storage mound storage; Behind the mound storage 15 months, when the seed when 70% breach occurs and shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, can sift out planting seed;

(3) whole ground: carry out whole ground in October, comprise turn over, rake the soil level, smooth, suppression; Deep plough carefully whole, remove grass roots, stone, the ground grading is broken;

(4) basal dressing: in conjunction with whole ground, every 666.7m ²Apply become thoroughly decomposed hurdle fertilizer or the cake fertilizer 1000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, or composite fertilizer 50kg, fertilizer is turned underground layer and flattens the furrow face;

(5) bed is made in the nursery: minute furrow are made bed, bedside 1.3m, height of bed 20cm, and the clean wide 1.1m of bed surface, the wide 0.25m of pavement, seedbed length is decided on nursery lot;

(6) nursery bed disinfection: 10 days prior to seeding, every square metre with 35% formalin 50mL, adds water 10kg, is sprinkled upon on the soil, and covers with film, broadcasts front 3 days and throw off, then sowing;

(7) sowing: February 5 was sowed, and the seed that has showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally was placed on 0.2% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 10min, rinsed well with clear water again, broadcast equably in ditch the every 666.7m of seeding quantity after drying ²Be 12kg; Sow complete after, at the moistening straw of seedbed surface cover one deck, and then cover layer of plastic film.

(8) shading: to the early and middle ten days in April, begin to emerge, the film that needs this moment to throw oneself on the ground changes the little shed of plastics into and proceeds heat and moisture preserving, covers simultaneously the sunshade net about height 1.7m; Enter the late May temperature and progressively raise, remove the plastic film of shed, change and cover sunshade rate 50% sunshade net;

(10) fertilizing management: seedling growth is 0.1% aqueous solution of urea in earlier stage with mass concentration, executes once every January; Middle and later periods is used the nutrient solution of specially joining every January, its prescription is: nitrate of lime 550mg/L, potassium nitrate 150mg/L, magnesium sulfate 155mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 135mg/L, potassium chloride 750mg/L, ammonium sulfate 750mg/L, manganese sulphate 0.4mg/L, zinc sulphate 0.06mg/L, boric acid 0.65 mg/L, sodium molybdate 0.025 mg/L, chelated iron 0.65mg/L;

(11) transplant: after 1 year, when 3 of height of seedling 15cm, the thick 0.3cm of leading thread, side shoots, be qualified transplantation of seedlings; Should keep root system complete during transplanting, not damage terminal bud, not damaged root skin forbids to use the hand-lifting seedling.

Embodiment 2

(1) seed preparation: gathered in 15 days after the Frost's Descent, the fruit after gathering is macerated and is put a week, and the flush away exosper adds fine sand, repeatedly washes by rubbing with the hands, rubs wax coat, and the potassium permanganate seed soaking sterilization 35min with mass concentration 0.3% dries table water, preserves waiting;

(2) seed treatment: the earthing of seeds mound storage that step (1) is gathered carries out vernalization; It is stored in high-land, draining is good, ventilation condition is good room, digs pit in the room and carry out the mound storage mound storage; Behind the mound storage 16 months, when the seed when 80% breach occurs and shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, can sift out planting seed;

(4) basal dressing: in conjunction with whole ground, every 666.7m ²Apply become thoroughly decomposed hurdle fertilizer or the cake fertilizer 1200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, or composite fertilizer 55kg, fertilizer is turned underground layer and flattens the furrow face;

(5) bed is made in the nursery: minute furrow are made bed, bedside 1.4m, height of bed 25cm, and the clean wide 1.2m of bed surface, the wide 0.35m of pavement, seedbed length is decided on nursery lot;

(6) nursery bed disinfection: 12 days prior to seeding, every square metre with 40% formalin 60mL, adds water 15kg, is sprinkled upon on the soil, and covers with film, broadcasts front 4 days and throw off, then sowing;

(7) sowing: February 15 was sowed, and the seed that has showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally was placed on 0.3% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 15min, rinsed well with clear water again, broadcast equably in ditch the every 666.7m of seeding quantity after drying ²Be 15kg; Sow complete after, at the moistening straw of seedbed surface cover one deck, and then cover layer of plastic film.

(8) shading: to the early and middle ten days in April, begin to emerge, the film that needs this moment to throw oneself on the ground changes the little shed of plastics into and proceeds heat and moisture preserving, covers simultaneously the sunshade net about height 1.8m; Enter the late May temperature and progressively raise, remove the plastic film of shed, change and cover sunshade rate 70% sunshade net;

(10) fertilizing management: seedling growth is 0.2% aqueous solution of urea in earlier stage with mass concentration, executes once every January; Middle and later periods is used the nutrient solution of specially joining every January, its prescription is: nitrate of lime 560mg/L, potassium nitrate 170 mg/L, magnesium sulfate 170 mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150 mg/L, potassium chloride 760 mg/L, ammonium sulfate 760 mg/L, manganese sulphate 0.5 mg/L, zinc sulphate 0.07 mg/L, boric acid 0.8 mg/L, sodium molybdate 0.03 mg/L, chelated iron 0.7 mg/L;

(11) transplant: after 1 year, when 5 of height of seedling 35cm, the thick 0.4cm of leading thread, side shoots, be qualified transplantation of seedlings; Should keep root system complete during transplanting, not damage terminal bud, not damaged root skin forbids to use the hand-lifting seedling.

Embodiment 3

(1) seed preparation: gathered in 14 days after the Frost's Descent, the fruit after gathering is macerated and is put a week, and the flush away exosper adds fine sand, repeatedly washes by rubbing with the hands, rubs wax coat, and the potassium permanganate seed soaking sterilization 32min with mass concentration 0.25% dries table water, preserves waiting;

(2) seed treatment: the earthing of seeds mound storage that step (1) is gathered carries out vernalization; It is stored in high-land, draining is good, ventilation condition is good room, digs pit in the room and carry out the mound storage mound storage; Behind the mound storage 15～16 months, when the seed when 75% breach occurs and shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, can sift out planting seed;

(3) whole ground: carry out whole ground in November, comprise turn over, rake the soil level, smooth, suppression; Deep plough carefully whole, remove grass roots, stone, the ground grading is broken;

(4) basal dressing: in conjunction with whole ground, every 666.7m ²Apply become thoroughly decomposed hurdle fertilizer or the cake fertilizer 1100kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, or composite fertilizer 52kg, fertilizer is turned underground layer and flattens the furrow face;

(5) bed is made in the nursery: minute furrow are made bed, bedside 1.35m, height of bed 23cm, and the clean wide 1.15m of bed surface, the wide 0.3m of pavement, seedbed length is decided on nursery lot;

(6) nursery bed disinfection: 11 days prior to seeding, every square metre with 38% formalin 55mL, adds water 12kg, is sprinkled upon on the soil, and covers with film, broadcasts front 3 days and throw off, then sowing;

(7) sowing: February 10 was sowed, and the seed that has showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally was placed on 0.25% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 13min, rinsed well with clear water again, broadcast equably in ditch the every 666.7m of seeding quantity after drying ²Be 1315kg; Sow complete after, at the moistening straw of seedbed surface cover one deck, and then cover layer of plastic film.

(8) shading: to the early and middle ten days in April, begin to emerge, the film that needs this moment to throw oneself on the ground changes the little shed of plastics into and proceeds heat and moisture preserving, covers simultaneously the sunshade net about height 1.75m; Enter the late May temperature and progressively raise, remove the plastic film of shed, change and cover sunshade rate 60% sunshade net;

(10) fertilizing management: seedling growth is 0.15% aqueous solution of urea in earlier stage with mass concentration, executes once every January; Middle and later periods is used the nutrient solution of specially joining every January, its prescription is: nitrate of lime 550mg/L, potassium nitrate 150mg/L, magnesium sulfate 150mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150 mg/L, potassium chloride 760mg/L, ammonium sulfate 740mg/L, manganese sulphate 0.5mg/L, zinc sulphate 0.05mg/L, boric acid 0.8 mg/L, sodium molybdate 0.02mg/L, chelated iron 0.7 mg/L;

(11) transplant: after 1 year, when 4 of height of seedling 30cm, the thick 0.35cm of leading thread, side shoots, be qualified transplantation of seedlings; Should keep root system complete during transplanting, not damage terminal bud, not damaged root skin forbids to use the hand-lifting seedling.

Claims

1. the seedling mating system of a southern enqlish yew is characterized in that: gather the storage of anhydrating behind the seed preparation, it is stored in the room, sow after behind the whole ground ground being imposed base manure, shading notes watering draining, to its fertilizing management, obtain transplanting behind the shoot simultaneously.

2. the seedling mating system of southern enqlish yew as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that step is as follows:

(4) basal dressing: in conjunction with whole ground, every 666.7m ²Apply become thoroughly decomposed hurdle fertilizer or the cake fertilizer 1000～1200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, or composite fertilizer 50～55kg, fertilizer is turned underground layer and flattens the furrow face;

(7) sowing: sow for 5～February 15 February, the seed that has showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally is placed on disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 10～15min of 0.2%～0.3%, rinses well with clear water again, broadcasts equably in ditch the every 666.7m of seeding quantity after drying ²Be 12～15kg; Sow complete after, at the moistening straw of seedbed surface cover one deck, and then cover layer of plastic film;

(10) fertilizing management: seedling growth is 0.1%～0.2% aqueous solution of urea in earlier stage with mass concentration, executes once every January; Middle and later periods is used the nutrient solution of specially joining every January, its prescription is: nitrate of lime 540～560mg/L, potassium nitrate 130～170mg/L, magnesium sulfate 140～170 mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 120～150mg/L, potassium chloride 740～760mg/L, ammonium sulfate 740～760 mg/L, manganese sulphate 0.3～0.5mg/L, zinc sulphate 0.05～0.07mg/L, boric acid 0.5～0.8 mg/L, sodium molybdate 0.02～0.03mg/L, chelated iron 0.6～0.7mg/L;

3. the seedling mating system of southern enqlish yew as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that step is as follows: nutrient solution prescription is: nitrate of lime 550 mg/L, potassium nitrate 150 mg/L, magnesium sulfate 155mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 135mg/L, potassium chloride 750mg/L, ammonium sulfate 750 mg/L, manganese sulphate 0.4mg/L, zinc sulphate 0.06mg/L, boric acid 0.65 mg/L, sodium molybdate 0.025 mg/L, chelated iron 0.65 mg/L.