CN104718946A - Year-round cultivation method for sword-shaped sharp peppers - Google Patents
Year-round cultivation method for sword-shaped sharp peppers Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a year-round cultivation method for sword-shaped sharp peppers, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation and planting. A new comprehensive cultivation pattern including the multiple technical links of soil treatment, grafting seedling cultivation, high-ridge root protection, light increasing and carbon dioxide supplement, physical disease prevention and biological pest control is adopted. The method has the advantages that the problems that in facility cultivation of the sharp peppers, the yield is low and the quality is poor are deeply researched, and it is found that the main reasons include the aspects of adaptability of sharp pepper plants, nutrition guarantee and pest prevention and control; through about 5 years of research and exploration, the new high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology pattern is researched and invented, so that in facility cultivation, the plants are strong, the yield is increased, and the quality safety level reaches the standard.
Description
technical fieldto show sword the annually cultivating method of sharp green pepper, belong to economic crops and cultivate planting technology field.
background technologyto show sword sharp green pepper new varieties; as the northern area of China development protecting field whole year production experiment in cultivation development project; to introduce before 5 years and carry out Plant experimental demonstration and popularization; due to the more anti-low light level of this kind and more low temperature resistant; under relatively low-light condition, particularly also can there be enough flowers without powder or few powder setting, and local sharp green pepper main breed is all different to temperature and soil nutrient demand.
summary of the inventionin view of the defect that prior art exists, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of annually cultivating method of sharp green pepper of showing sword, control the new Comprehensive Cultural pattern of the many sport technique segments of worm with soil treatment, graft seedling growth, high furrow guarantor root, benefit of adding lustre to carbon, physics diseases prevention, biology, obtain high yield, high-quality Safe Agricultural Product.
For achieving the above object, the technology used in the present invention solution is: the annually cultivating method of sharp green pepper of showing sword, and concrete grammar is as follows:
A) soil treatment, space sterilizing: with special soil continuous cropping obstacle electric treatment machine process cultivation bed soil, the vexed canopy of green house facility high temperature, or seldom need not use chemical pesticide and quick-acting chemical fertilizer;
B) new method grafting, alternating temperature control: consider according to time seedling age and physiology seedling age, Discrete control temperature and day and night temperature, well heal at guarantee grafting short time inner joint, promote on the basis that seedling stage is grown, give different temperatures control measures with Different periods, guarantee that the physical signs such as the thick and flower bud differentiation of the rice shoot number of sheets, height of seedling, stem all meet standard-required in strong sprout;
C) high furrow black film, single file dense planting: the weak and little characteristic of the distribution of root system scope according to sharp green pepper root system, of the right age strong sprout is cultivated with big hole dish, protect root field planting for mulch to create conditions, adopt high ridge furrow and cover black mulch film, the no-tillage cultivation form of film bottom hose dropper, improves the porosity of soil, expands root mass, increase effective radical and nutrient absorption, impel sharp pepper plant to grow vigorous;
D) control that adds lustre to is wet, is mended carbon in good time: according to sharp green pepper growth light requirement feature, just start seedling stage according to canopy room environmental condition and light intensity, light quantity, at times supply CO
2gas is fertile, and on management link, the special daylighting of canopy room and the Hou Qiang of focusing on hangs up aluminizer and to add lustre to technology, and conservative control day and night temperature, increases accumulation of photosynthate, reduces plant respiration consumption;
E) colour table armyworm, physics diseases prevention: or need not reduce the requirement using chemical pesticide according to pollution-free food production demand of technical standard, adopts space electric field, sound wave to encourage the method prevention and control disease of the physics such as instrument; With physics and biological method pest controls such as Biocidal lamp, Huang, blue insect-sticking plate and gyplures.
To show sword the annually cultivating method of sharp green pepper, its beneficial effect is: yield poorly to facility cultivation point green pepper, ropy problem conducts in-depth research, find that main cause is sharp pepper plant adaptability, nutrition ensures and the problems such as the control of sick, insect pest, by the research and probe over nearly 5 years, new high-yield high-efficiency cultivation technology mode has been invented in research, thus reaches the object that facility cultivation robust plant, output increased, quality safety level are up to standard.
Embodiment
Below the annually cultivating method of sharp green pepper of showing sword is described as follows:
A) soil treatment, space sterilizing: with special soil continuous cropping obstacle electric treatment machine process cultivation bed soil, the vexed canopy of green house facility high temperature, or seldom need not use chemical pesticide and quick-acting chemical fertilizer;
B) new method grafting, alternating temperature control: consider according to time seedling age and physiology seedling age, Discrete control temperature and day and night temperature, well heal at guarantee grafting short time inner joint, promote on the basis that seedling stage is grown, give different temperatures control measures with Different periods, guarantee that the physical signs such as the thick and flower bud differentiation of the rice shoot number of sheets, height of seedling, stem all meet standard-required in strong sprout;
C) high furrow black film, single file dense planting: the weak and little characteristic of the distribution of root system scope according to sharp green pepper root system, of the right age strong sprout is cultivated with big hole dish, protect root field planting for mulch to create conditions, adopt high ridge furrow and cover black mulch film, the no-tillage cultivation form of film bottom hose dropper, improves the porosity of soil, expands root mass, increase effective radical and nutrition, impel sharp pepper plant to grow vigorous;
D) control that adds lustre to is wet, is mended carbon in good time: according to sharp green pepper growth light requirement feature, just start seedling stage according to canopy room environmental condition and light intensity, light quantity, at times supply CO
2gas is fertile, and on management link, the special daylighting of canopy room and the Hou Qiang of focusing on hangs up aluminizer and to add lustre to technology, and conservative control day and night temperature, increases accumulation of photosynthate, reduces plant respiration consumption;
E) colour table armyworm, physics diseases prevention: or need not reduce the requirement using chemical pesticide according to pollution-free food production demand of technical standard, adopts space electric field, sound wave to encourage the method prevention and control disease of the physics such as instrument; With physics and biological method pest controls such as Biocidal lamp, champac insect-sticking plate and gyplures.
Concrete cultivation mode is as follows:
1) plot is selected: selection physical features is high and dry, irrigation and drainage convenient, subterranean water level is lower, the construction greenhouse, sandy loam plot that soil layer is deep, loose, fertile and plastic tunnel facility, and bed soil processes, the disease-prevention and insecticide measure of spacing high-temperature sterilizing to cultivating;
2) site preparation and fertilization: every 667m
2execute high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure 3000kg, mix with dregs of beans 150kg as base manure, and supplement main nutrient elements with composite fertilizer, Application Ratio is phosphate fertilizer is 40% of total fertilizing amount, nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer are 60% of total fertilizing amount, base manure is with stand-by after ploughing deeply 25cm ~ 30cm after spreading fertilizer over the fields and raking, and Term Fertilization meets NY/T394-2000 requirement;
3) culture facility: select greenhouse by solar heat, plastic tunnel nursery, nursery summer and autumn is furnished with fly net and sunshade net, disinfects the totally-enclosed daylighting hyperthermia that carries out of culture facility before nursery, stewing canopy 3d ~ 4d, creates the environmental condition that can meet seedling growth and grow;
4) seedling medium: select the peat composed of rotten mosses in anosis worm source and vermiculite or perlite, by 2: 1 proportions nutrient matrixes, the voidage 60% of matrix, pH value 6 ~ 7, rapid available phosphorus 100mg/kg, available potassium 100mg/kg, available nitrogen 150mg/kg is loose, fertilizer conservation, water conservation, mineral nutrition are complete;
5) seed treatment: get Kang Piao Kai Puke, that is: alginic acid 20g/L, 300 times of liquid, seed is put into the liquid immersion 20min, prevent and treat damping off, pull out after seed cold water soak 6h ~ 8h after sterilization to clean and dry transepidermal water and wait to sow, the inner wrapping seed of Cotton seeds also can not carry out process and presoaking and germinating is directly sowed;
6) in sowing time: according to cultivation season, seedling-cultivating method and Index of The Healthy Seedlings select suitable sowing time, every 667m
2area under cultivation sowing quantity 20g ~ 30g, selects 50 hole point disk seedling growings, and with the sowing of hand-held aspiration type single seed drill, with Pu Like, that is: propamocarb, is watered 500 times and sprays bed surface, control seedling sudden fall ill, dosage 5 ~ 8 g/m
2first sow stock seed, after 7d ~ 10d, sow ingraftment seed, winter, spring seedling age 60d ~ 70d, summer, autumn 45d ~ 50d, stem height is 20cm ~ 25cm, the thick 0.4cm ~ 0.6cm of stem, and stem leave sheet 7 ~ 10;
7) after planting manage: the first stage: emerge from being seeded into, bed temperature will maintain the high temperature of 28 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, suitable reducing temperature and humidity is wanted after emerging, second stage: from occurring that true leaf is to 3 true leaves, keep 25 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C daytime, night 18 DEG C ~ 22 DEG C, after 3 true leaves, daytime 23-26 DEG C, night 13-16 DEG C;
8) grafting: stock adopts the macropore point disk seedling growing in 50 holes, foveola dish or the nursery of common square position are selected in scion, when rootstock seedling 4 leaf 1 heart, scion seedling 3 leaf 1 heart, start grafting.After grafting in 3d ~ 4d, seedbed covering with plastic film Small plastic shed moisturizing, and give the healing of higher temperature promotion interface, daytime 30 DEG C, night about 20 DEG C, after this start to leak informaton gradually, first put little wind, noon collada mouth, before field planting, 7d ~ 10d answers reducing temperature and humidity hardening, daytime 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, night 13 DEG C ~ 15 DEG C, the vegetative period of 25d ~ 30d before grafting to field planting, should be had;
9) field planting: the key technology of field planting is " high furrow black film, single file dense planting ", black mulch film is protected sharp green pepper root system scope loosing soil degree and is kept soil moisture, allows the nutrition that sharp green pepper Root Absorption is enough.Furrow face width 70cm ~ 80cm made by the cultivation bed processed, furrow width 30cm ~ 40cm, ditch depth is no less than 16cm, a ditch is opened in advance in the middle of furrow, as film bottom hose dropper ditch when managing in the future, then cover black mulch film, take the equidistant field planting of single file, one plant per hole, distance between rows and hills is 110cm × 30cm;
10) field prophase management: point green pepper not easily root of hair when winter, ground temperature was lower, root system is weak, and the soil having watered vola water before field planting can not rewater, to door green pepper start elongation expand time, drip irrigation feedwater can be started and suitable supplementary fertilizer, every 667m
2apply ammino acid liquid fertilizer 10kg, later visual sharp green pepper growing way supplementary fertilizer, note wanting Shaoshi duty to execute;
11) management in the full bearing period, needs the scientific management of rich water feature according to sharp green pepper, keeps soil moisture, increases air humidity, reduces surface temperature, with drop-proof agent or the anti-fruit drop of tomato spirit spraying decoration;
12) damage by disease and insect cultural control: crop rotation, clean rural area, nurturing staff, strengthens cultivation management, applies fertilizers scientifically;
13) damage by disease and insect physical control: use trapping lamp insect-killing trapping, if fly net resistance worm, Gua Huangban lures glutinous insect, 667 m
2hang yellow plate or backboard 30 pieces ~ 40 pieces, suspension height and plant top maintain an equal level or exceed 5 cm ~ 10 cm, also can with ozone diseases prevention, cure the disease;
14) biological control: Protect natural enemies, utilizes Natural enemy eliminate insect pest;
15) chemical control: the height poison not using country to prohibite, high residue, high bioconcentration, high three cause agricultural chemicals and mixed insecticide thereof, the regulation of strict implement NY/T393-2000;
16) gather: after field planting, 35-35d can gather in the crops, second layer fruit needs 20d from thanking to flower to gathering.
Claims (2)
1. to show sword the annually cultivating method of sharp green pepper, it is characterized in that concrete grammar is as follows:
A) soil treatment, space sterilizing: with special soil continuous cropping obstacle electric treatment machine process cultivation bed soil, the vexed canopy of green house facility high temperature, or seldom need not use chemical pesticide and quick-acting chemical fertilizer;
B) new method grafting, alternating temperature control: consider according to time seedling age and physiology seedling age, Discrete control temperature and day and night temperature, well heal at guarantee grafting short time inner joint, promote on the basis that seedling stage is grown, give different temperatures control measures with Different periods, guarantee that the physical signs such as the thick and flower bud differentiation of the rice shoot number of sheets, height of seedling, stem all meet standard-required in strong sprout;
C) high furrow black film, single file dense planting: the weak and little characteristic of the distribution of root system scope according to sharp green pepper root system, of the right age strong sprout is cultivated with big hole dish, protect root field planting for mulch to create conditions, adopt high ridge furrow and cover black mulch film, the no-tillage cultivation form of film bottom hose dropper, improves the porosity of soil, expands root mass, increase effective radical and nutrition, impel sharp pepper plant to grow vigorous;
D) control that adds lustre to is wet, is mended carbon in good time: according to sharp green pepper growth light requirement feature, just start seedling stage according to canopy room environmental condition and light intensity, light quantity, at times supply CO
2gas is fertile, and on management link, the special daylighting of canopy room and the Hou Qiang of focusing on hangs up aluminizer and to add lustre to technology, and conservative control day and night temperature, increases accumulation of photosynthate, reduces plant respiration consumption;
E) colour table armyworm, physics diseases prevention: or need not reduce the requirement using chemical pesticide according to pollution-free food production demand of technical standard, adopts space electric field, sound wave to encourage the method prevention and control disease of the physics such as instrument; With physics and biological method pest controls such as Biocidal lamp, champac insect-sticking plate and gyplures.
2. the annually cultivating method of sharp green pepper of showing sword according to claim 1, is characterized in that concrete cultivation mode is as follows:
1) plot is selected: selection physical features is high and dry, irrigation and drainage convenient, subterranean water level is lower, the sandy loam plot construction chamber facility that soil layer is deep, loose, fertile, and bed soil processes, the disease-prevention and insecticide measure of space sterilizing to cultivating;
2) site preparation and fertilization: every 667m
2execute high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure 3000kg, mix with dregs of beans 150kg as base manure, and supplement main nutrient elements with composite fertilizer, Application Ratio is phosphate fertilizer is 40% of total fertilizing amount, nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer are 60% of total fertilizing amount, base manure is with stand-by after ploughing deeply 25cm ~ 30cm after spreading fertilizer over the fields and raking, and Term Fertilization meets NY/T394-2000 requirement;
3) culture facility: select greenhouse by solar heat, plastic tunnel nursery, nursery summer and autumn is furnished with fly net and sunshade net, disinfects the totally-enclosed daylighting hyperthermia that carries out of culture facility before nursery, stewing canopy 3d ~ 4d, creates the environmental condition that can meet seedling growth and grow;
4) seedling medium: select the peat composed of rotten mosses in anosis worm source and vermiculite or perlite, by 2: 1 proportions nutrient matrixes, the voidage 60% of matrix, pH value 6 ~ 7, rapid available phosphorus 100mg/kg, available potassium 100mg/kg, available nitrogen 150mg/kg is loose, fertilizer conservation, water conservation, mineral nutrition are complete;
5) seed treatment: get Kang Piao Kai Puke, that is: alginic acid 20g/L, 300 times of liquid, seed is put into the liquid immersion 20min, prevent and treat damping off, pull out after seed cold water soak 6h ~ 8h after sterilization to clean and dry transepidermal water and wait to sow, also can not carry out seed treatment and presoaking and germinating is directly sowed;
6) in sowing time: according to cultivation season, seedling-cultivating method and Index of The Healthy Seedlings select suitable sowing time, every 667m
2area under cultivation sowing quantity 20g ~ 30g, selects 50 hole point disk seedling growings, and with the sowing of hand-held aspiration type single seed drill, with Pu Like, that is: propamocarb, is watered 500 times and sprays bed surface, control seedling sudden fall ill, dosage 5 ~ 8 g/m
2first sow stock seed, after 7d ~ 10d, sow ingraftment seed, spring seedling age 60d ~ 70d, summer, autumn 45d ~ 50d, stem height is 20cm ~ 25cm, the thick 0.4cm ~ 0.6cm of stem, and stem leave sheet 7 ~ 10;
7) after planting managing: the first stage: emerge from being seeded into, bed temperature will maintain the high temperature of 28 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, wanting suitable reducing temperature and humidity after emerging, second stage: from occurring that true leaf all sprouts to 3 true leaves, keep 25 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C daytime, night 18 DEG C ~ 22 DEG C; Daytime 23-26 DEG C, night 13-16 DEG C;
8) grafting: stock adopts the macropore point disk seedling growing in 50 holes, foveola dish or the nursery of common square position are selected in scion, grafting is started when rootstock seedling 4 leaf 1 heart, scion seedling 3 leaf 1 heart, after grafting in 3d ~ 4d, seedbed covering with plastic film moisturizing, and give the healing of higher temperature promotion interface, daytime 30 DEG C, night about 20 DEG C, after this start to leak informaton gradually, first put little wind, noon collada mouth, before field planting, 7d ~ 10d answers reducing temperature and humidity hardening, daytime 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, night 13 DEG C ~ 15 DEG C, the vegetative period of 25d ~ 30d before grafting to field planting, should be had;
9) field planting: the key technology of field planting is " high furrow black film, single file dense planting ", black mulch film is protected sharp green pepper root system scope loosing soil degree and is kept soil moisture, allows the nutrition that sharp green pepper Root Absorption is enough, makes furrow face width 70cm ~ 80cm what processed, furrow width 30cm ~ 40cm, ditch depth is no less than 16cm, opens a ditch in advance, as film bottom hose dropper ditch when managing in the future in the middle of furrow, then black mulch film is covered, take the equidistant field planting of single file, one plant per hole, distance between rows and hills is 110cm × 30cm;
10) field prophase management: point green pepper not easily root of hair when winter, ground temperature was lower, root system is weak, and the soil watering vola water during field planting can not rewater, to door green pepper start elongation expand time, drip irrigation feedwater can be started and suitable supplementary fertilizer, every 667m
2apply ammino acid liquid fertilizer 10kg, later visual sharp green pepper growing way supplementary fertilizer, note wanting Shaoshi duty to execute;
11) management in the full bearing period;
Need the scientific management of rich water feature according to sharp green pepper, keep soil moisture, increase air humidity, reduce surface temperature, with drop-proof agent or the anti-fruit drop of tomato spirit spraying decoration;
12) damage by disease and insect cultural control: crop rotation, clean rural area, nurturing staff, strengthens cultivation management, applies fertilizers scientifically;
13) damage by disease and insect physical control: lure worm with trapping lamp, if fly net resistance worm, hangs yellow trap, 667 m
2hang yellow plate or backboard 30 pieces ~ 40 pieces, suspension height and plant top maintain an equal level or exceed 5 cm ~ 10 cm, also can prevent and cure diseases with ozone;
14) biological control: Protect natural enemies, utilizes Natural enemy eliminate insect pest;
15) chemical control: the height poison not using country to prohibite, high residue, high bioconcentration, high three cause agricultural chemicals and mixed insecticide thereof, the regulation of strict implement NY/T393-2000;
16) gather: after field planting, 35-35d can gather in the crops, second layer fruit needs 20d from thanking to flower to gathering.
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| CN105746160A (en) * | 2016-03-26 | 2016-07-13 | 安徽科技学院 | Field planting method for promoting early spring cultivation, precocious germination and fast growth of Lycopersicon esculentum in greenhouse |
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| CN106489509A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-03-15 | 绥阳县农鑫蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of method for promoting long capsicum growth |
| CN111466263A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-31 | 定兴县农业农村局 | Grafting seedling method for pepper cultivation in sunlight greenhouse |
| CN111615977A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-04 | 阳信福中禄现代农业开发有限公司 | Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling physical insect pests by using plant audio frequency generator |
| CN112493062A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-16 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Early spring pepper seedling culture method |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105746160A (en) * | 2016-03-26 | 2016-07-13 | 安徽科技学院 | Field planting method for promoting early spring cultivation, precocious germination and fast growth of Lycopersicon esculentum in greenhouse |
| CN106105658A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-11-16 | 朱学华 | A kind of insect pest preventing and controlling method of green vegetable four seasons crop rotation |
| CN106489509A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-03-15 | 绥阳县农鑫蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of method for promoting long capsicum growth |
| CN111466263A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-31 | 定兴县农业农村局 | Grafting seedling method for pepper cultivation in sunlight greenhouse |
| CN111615977A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-04 | 阳信福中禄现代农业开发有限公司 | Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling physical insect pests by using plant audio frequency generator |
| CN112493062A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-16 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Early spring pepper seedling culture method |
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