CN105230428B - A kind of lacebark pine method for culturing seedlings - Google Patents

A kind of lacebark pine method for culturing seedlings Download PDF

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CN105230428B
CN105230428B CN201510714165.XA CN201510714165A CN105230428B CN 105230428 B CN105230428 B CN 105230428B CN 201510714165 A CN201510714165 A CN 201510714165A CN 105230428 B CN105230428 B CN 105230428B
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seed
seedling
seedbed
spray
soil
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CN105230428A (en
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康四全
康长远
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Gansu Kangxin Nursery Stock Greening Engineering Co Ltd
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Gansu Kangxin Nursery Stock Greening Engineering Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of lacebark pine method for culturing seedlings, comprise the following steps：1) seed collection and processing：Collect seed and select life in 35~45 years, robust growth, form is good, and the forest of no disease and pests harm is as seed collecting elite stand, and seed treatment is using improvement sand storage method；After the seed of processing takes out, then soaked with liquor potassic permanganate, finally carry out vernalization；2) seeding and seedling raising：With choosing seedbed, base manure is used sufficient, turns over the thin rear bedding of rake, while build shed, outer layer is sealed with plastic sheeting again after being closed with shade net；Tile one layer of mixture by biogas residue, vinegar grain and wet river sand on seedbed, and carries out soil disinfection to seedbed, is sowed after 10~12 days；3) seedling management.Lacebark pine method for culturing seedlings of the present invention is simple and easy, low to environmental factor dependence, can be produced in more areas, has significant economic benefit and social benefit；And emergence rate and seedling percent can be significantly improved, and it is also relative to shorten seedling raise period, it can more do sth. in advance nursery and improve nursery stock disease resistance.

Description

A kind of lacebark pine method for culturing seedlings
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting technical field, more particularly to a kind of lacebark pine method for culturing seedlings.
Background technology
Lacebark pine also known as bones of the dead pine, three pins pine, lacebark pine, are Pinaceae Pinus aiphylliums.Its strong adaptability, has deep root Property, long lifespan；Evergreen all the year round, tree performance is graceful, white squama silver armour, great sight；Pollution to sulfur dioxide and flue dust has stronger Resistance, also have the ability of certain anti-oxidant hydrogen and chlorine, its secretion can kill harmful bacteria within a few minutes, be good Environmentally friendly seeds.For many years, lacebark pine purposes in afforestation is wide, can with isolated planting, to planting, also can group planting grow into forest or make trade Tree, form grotesque peak and set each other off landscape, be loved by people.
With raising of the people to living environment greening index requirement, there is the phenomenon that supply falls short of demand in many green tree species, Its price is set to be doubled and redoubled.The green tree species that lacebark pine is liked as people, its sapling market demand is very big, but lacebark pine educates The seedling cycle is grown, and needs for 8~10 years from sowing to applied to afforestation, therefore, survival rate of seedling and seedling quality are to economy Efficiency is huge.In order to improve survival rate of seedling, the nursery that the A of patent CN 102884928 disclose a kind of lacebark pine is cultivated Method, disclose the method for culturing seedlings comprised the following steps " 1) with choosing garden；2) site preparation：Every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields ferrous sulfate before site preparation Powder, plough under and sterilizing carried out in soil, soil it is whole it is good after, make north-south embanked field；3) presprouting of seeds is handled：By seed ripple You are more, and liquid seed soaking sterilizes, presoaking and germinating or mixed husky stratification at being 50~60 DEG C in water temperature；4) adopted at the beginning of late March to 4 months With wide drilling or broadcast sowing, broadcast 1~1.5cm of bonnet thin sand and soil, every mu of wettable nitrofen for adding 25% with prometryn 125g 250g is watered 25kg, and weeding on seedbed is sprinkled upon with sprayer；Small plastic shed is finally taken in furrow face and heats moisturizing；5) seedling management： After seedling all sprouts, shade net should be covered immediately after removing film, to prevent the bright harm with damping-off of day with high temperature；6) top dressing；7) By 2~3 transplantings before field planting；Biennial seedling can before early spring terminal bud is not yet sprouted balled transplanting, 20~60cm of seeding row spacing, Do not hinder terminal bud, connect after cultivation and pour water twice, rewatered after 6~7 days, 4~5 years raw seedlings, second of band soil ball can be carried out and transplanted, plant Away from 60~120cm.To keep tree root surrounding soil loose after surviving, every plant is applied 100~120kg of decomposed manure, is poured after burying soil It is permeable；8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control ".
In addition, also have been reported that the lacebark pine seedling-raising technique that disclosure comprises the following steps " 1) is collected seed：Life in 20~60 years is selected, Robust growth, form is good, and the forest of no disease and pests harm is collected seed, by harvesting as seed collecting elite stand when cone becomes yellow by green Cone is placed on draughty place, spreads drying out, diligent daily to stir, and beats cone after fruit scale cracking, deviates from seed, air-dries, Net debris is picked, is deposited with the gas-permeable containers such as gunnysack or cloth bag dress, prevents the plague of rats；2) seed treatment：Before soil is freeze-up in the winter time, selection Dry it is leeward dig deep 80~100 ㎝, wide 60 ㎝, long 100 ㎝ or so sand storage hole on the sunny side, will clean wet river sand paving hole bottom 20 ㎝ is thick, then the one layer of seed that tile, and the ㎝ of thickness 2~3, repaves one layer of sand, in interleave a branch of bamboo pole or besom, it is ventilative with profit, according to upper One layer of method, one layer of sand seed is stated to spread to 25 ㎝ or so from the ground, the superiors' covering sand or soil 20cm above ground level, hole surrounding Drainage ditch has been carried on the back, has prevented rainwater from penetrating into, has paid attention to checking, has prevented the harm of artificial or birds and beasts, spring in next year, when temperature rise, soil After defrosting, seed disinfection, vernalization are taken out；3) seed disinfection：After the seed of processing takes out, the potassium permanganate with 0.3~0.5 ﹪ is molten Liquid soak 5~8 minutes, after pulling out with water rinse dry in the air it is scattered standby；4) vernalization：Seed after sterilization is placed on leeward area without shade, on The things such as lid gunnysack, often to sprinkling water above gunnysack, keeping temperature and humidity.Seed is often stirred, after about 6~8 days, there are 40 ﹪ or so Seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally germination when, you can sowing；5) select to garden：Nursery lot requires traffic convenience, and plot is flat, and soil layer is deep, there is filling Condition is irrigate, and draining is good, weeds are few；6) nursery：Using high bed nursery, after carrying out seedbed, poured with 0.5% copperas solution Sprinkle or bed is spread with 10kg/ mu ferrous sulfate powder, water, soil disinfection is carried out to seedbed, sowed after 10~12 days, application rate 50kg/ mus.Using drilling, sown scope 5cm, line-spacing l0cm, sterilization, the ㎝ of fine earth 1 of sieving are covered after dibbling, seedling management is the same as above-mentioned water Fertile management, sunshade, weeding, Second Year or are transplanted on the 3rd year, continue to cultivate, construction ecological public welfare forests can use 3~4 years raw seedlings Band soil ball is gone up a hill afforestation, and 7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control ".
Technical scheme disclosed in two reports of the above can improve emergence rate and seedling quality, but in processing lacebark pine plantation When such as sand storage all employ conventional method, i.e., seed is embedded in wet sand and carry out vernalization, and seedbed is also only to be disappeared as sterilization Poison processing, is not optimized to the seedbed content of organic matter, although so relative can improve emergence rate and seedling quality, sowing is extremely It is long the time required to emergence, the time of 25~30 days or so is generally required, and it is limited to survival rate and Resistance of Seedling quality-improving, There are still benefit it is not high the defects of.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：A kind of lacebark pine method for culturing seedlings is provided, by existing seed processing technology optimization and Improve, and seedbed soil property and temperature are allocated, reach the optimum condition beneficial to seed sprouting, accelerate speed of emergence With the resistance quality of lifting emergence rate, more raising seedling.
To achieve these goals, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of lacebark pine method for culturing seedlings, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
1) seed collection and processing
1. collect seed：Life in 35~45 years is selected, robust growth, form is good, and the forest of no disease and pests harm works as ball as seed collecting elite stand Fruit is collected seed when becoming yellow by green；The cone of harvesting is placed at well-ventilated, spreads drying out, diligent daily to stir, fruit scale cracking After beat cone, deviate from seed, air-dry, pick net debris, deposited with gas-permeable container dress, and prevent the plague of rats；
2. seed treatment：Before soil is freeze-up in the winter time, selection drying is leeward on the sunny side, digs deep 80~100 ㎝, wide by 50~70 ㎝, long 90~120 ㎝ sand storage hole, hole inwall are covered with straw screen or mat, first spread the thick breathable insulation material of 20 ㎝ at hole bottom, then tile one The ㎝ seeds of thickness degree 2~3, one layer of breathable insulation material is repaved, cheat middle upright a branch of bamboo pole or besom, it is ventilative with profit, repeat paving One layer of breathable insulation material, one layer of seed finally fills out hole to 20cm above ground level, hole week to 24~28 ㎝ from the ground with sand or soil Enclose and fix drainage ditch, prevent rainwater from penetrating into, pay attention to checking, prevent the harm of artificial or birds and beasts, after the beginning of spring in next year soil thaws, take out Seed；
3. seed disinfection：After the seed of processing takes out, soaked 5~8 minutes, dragged for 0.3~0.5% liquor potassic permanganate Rinse to dry to seed moisture content with water after going out and be not higher than 18%；
4. vernalization：Seed after sterilization is placed on leeward area without shade, the upper ventilative screen cloth of lid, then with walnut shell, peanut shell powder Material covering, and often with keeping temperature and humidity, while often stir seed to sprinkling water on shell powder, after vernalization 6~8 days, 30~ 50% seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally germination when, sowed, shell powder fineness is 200~350 mesh；
2) seeding and seedling raising
1. selection of land builds seedbed：Soil layer deep, fertile calcium soil or loess are selected, base manure is used sufficient, turns over, harrows thin rear work Furrow, furrow high 20~35cm, wide 2~3m, long 3~5m, shed is then built, outer layer is thin with plastics again after being closed with black shade net Film seals；
2. seedbed is handled：Tile one layer of mixture by biogas residue, vinegar grain and wet river sand on seedbed, 3~5cm of thickness, so Poured afterwards with 0.5% copperas solution, or bed is spread with 10kg/ mu ferrous sulfate powder while watered, carrying out soil to seedbed disappears Poison；
3. sow：Sowed after 10~12 days, application rate 50kg/ mus, using drilling, sown scope 5cm, line-spacing l0cm, after program request The ㎝ of fine earth 1 of sterilization sieving is covered, starts to emerge after 22~28 days；
3) seedling management
1. spray：Pinus bungeana Seeds germination seedling band kind shell is unearthed, through 15~22 days kind shell self fallings, after kind shell comes off Strengthen the prevention of damping-off, weekly with alternately sprinkling seedling 2~3 times of carbendazim, ferrous sulfate aqueous solution, ferrous sulfate aqueous solution Concentration be 0.3~0.5%, after spray clear water sprinkling immediately rinse；
2. shading and water spray：After coming up, outer layer plastic film is thrown off, black shade net prevents day from burning, to strengthen it Resistance, while carry out a small amount of repeatedly water spray, to keep seedbed to moisten, into 6~July, temperature is high, and moisture evaporation is fast, be Daily early morning and at dusk each water spray 1 time, to accomplish a small amount of diligent spray during water spray, high temperature season suitably will spray more, and rainy weather sprays less Or do not spray, never sprayed water during noon high temperature；
3. top dressing：Top dressing combines water spray based on liquid quick-acting fertilizer, in mid-May to growth most productive period by the end of July and carried out Top dressing, 1% aqueous solution of urea is imposed for the first time, amount of urea is 5kg/ mus, stops Nitrogen Top Dressing later, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was imposed every 15 days 1 time, and combines foliage dressing, monthly 3~4 times, using Ye Mian Bao or spraying conerete as It is main；
4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Suffer from samping off to prevent lacebark pine seedling, from nursery stock is unearthed successively, use quality weekly Concentration is that 0.2% potassium permanganate and 1% ferrous sulfate aqueous solution alternately spray；It was found that diseased plant, pulls out in time, simultaneously Bed surface is sprayed with the ferrous sulfate or 1.0% potassium permanganate solution that mass concentration is 2~3%, is sprayed again within 30 seconds 1 time after spray Clear water, nursery stock is rinsed, to avoid poisoning.The diseased plant pulled out, which should concentrate, burns, and must not abandon conveniently on seedbed, prevent disease Sprawling.
5. weeding：Follow " except it is early, except it is small, except " principle, prevent weeds from striving fertilizer with nursery stock and striving water, influence the life of nursery stock Long, weeding should be carried out after watering.
4) transplant
Lacebark pine growth of seedling is slow, First Year height of seedling 4c~5cm, 9~12cm of Second Year, and 4~5 years raw heights of seedling 30~ 40cm, 10 years raw heights of seedling reach 1m, and nursery stock will pass through 2 times~3 times transplanting in incubation could cultivate into seedlings, therefore, 2~ Raw seedling carries out first set grafting within 3 years, then cultivates afforestation of going up a hill for 1~2 year, and 5 years raw seedlings carry out second and transplanted, 8~10 years raw seedlings Third time transplanting is carried out, band soil ball goes out garden afforestation plant after transplanting growth in 3 years.
Preferably, selecting life in 40 years when collecting seed, robust growth, form is good, and the forest of no disease and pests harm is as seed collecting elite stand
Further, described breathable insulation material is made up of wet river sand, volcanic rock, is additionally added 0.03~0.0.7%'s in it Gibberellin.
Further, in the processing step of seedbed, the mixed proportion of biogas residue, vinegar grain and wet river sand is 3：1：8~10.
Further, the proportioning of described wet river sand and volcanic rock is 8~15：1.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1) present invention selection life in 35~45 years, robust growth, form is good, the forest of no disease and pests harm as seed collecting elite stand, by Complete stalk growth in the stage lacebark pine and enter vigorous reproductive stage, its seed yield is big and it is full seed, full, Cone goes out kind of rate up to 12% or so, and thousand grain weigth is up to 165~180g.Simultaneously as elite stand liquid manure nutrient absorption is sufficient, seed Interior each element distributes science, so that seed disease resistance is obviously improved.
2) when the present invention uses Sand culture, treatment technology is buried using conventional sand is improved, a certain amount of fire is added in wet sand Mountain rock, the material has incubation and thermal insulation function, and studies and show that lacebark pine Germination effect is optimal at a constant temperature, thus can significantly carry Germination effect is risen, result of the test is also indicated that using Stratification technique of the present invention, can be emerged in advance 3~7 days.
3) present invention improves the nursery soil content of organic matter, while add hole by being optimized to seedbed soil property Porosity, compared to conventional soil, the seedbed can significantly improve emergence rate, and emergence rate is up to more than 98.7%, and later stage cultivating process The incidence of disease also declines 5.2%, that is, educates sapling disease resistance by seedbed of the present invention and improve.
4) present invention, using black shade net and the double-deck shed of outer membrane, effectively improves seedbed and canopy in nursery Interior temperature, it is more beneficial for moisture in shed and controls, using conventional single layer structure shed, causes water in shed because translucency is strong Divide evaporation fast, relative air humidity is relatively low, is unfavorable for emergence and growth of seedling, thus the present invention uses double-deck arch shed structure also to have Survived beneficial to seedling and accelerate growth of seedling.
5) lacebark pine method for culturing seedlings of the present invention is simple and easy, low to environmental factor dependence, can be given birth in more areas Production, has significant economic benefit and social benefit.
6) lacebark pine method for culturing seedlings of the present invention can significantly improve emergence rate and seedling percent, and during relative shortening nursery Between, it can more do sth. in advance nursery and improve nursery stock disease resistance.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described further with reference to specific embodiment, in order to same domain technical staff Understand.
Embodiment 1
Exploiting entity：Gansu Kang Xin nursery stock afforestation projects Co., Ltd.
Local climate condition：Height above sea level is between 700~2000m, northern warm temperate zone to subtropical zone transitionality seasonal climate, every year Precipitation 745.8mm, evaporation capacity 1178mm, average annual 11.36 DEG C of temperature, 38.3 DEG C of the highest temperature, subzero 15 DEG C of the lowest temperature, put down Equal day illumination 1126.4 hours, percentage of possible sunshine 39%, 174 days frost-free periods, 102.8 kilocalories/cm of annual amount of radiation (luminous energy)2。
Nursery is tested, is comprised the following steps：
1) seed collection and processing
1. collect seed：Select life in 40 years, robust growth, form is good, the forest of no disease and pests harm as seed collecting elite stand, when cone by Green is collected seed when becoming yellow；The cone of harvesting is placed at well-ventilated, spreads drying out, it is diligent daily to stir, struck after fruit scale cracking Play ball fruit, deviate from seed, air-dry, pick net debris, deposited with gas-permeable container dress, and prevent the plague of rats；
2. seed treatment：Before soil is freeze-up in the winter time, selection drying is leeward on the sunny side, digs deep 80~100 ㎝, wide by 50~70 ㎝, long 90~120 ㎝ sand storage hole, hole inwall are covered with straw screen or mat, first spread the thick breathable insulation material of 20 ㎝ at hole bottom, then tile one The ㎝ seeds of thickness degree 2~3, one layer of breathable insulation material is repaved, cheat middle upright a branch of bamboo pole or besom, it is ventilative with profit, repeat paving One layer of breathable insulation material, one layer of seed finally fills out hole to 20cm above ground level, hole week to 24~28 ㎝ from the ground with sand or soil Enclose and fix drainage ditch, prevent rainwater from penetrating into, pay attention to checking, prevent the harm of artificial or birds and beasts, after the beginning of spring in next year soil thaws, take out Seed, described breathable insulation material are made up of wet river sand, volcanic rock, and 0.03~0.0.7% gibberellin is additionally added in it, wherein The proportioning of wet river sand and volcanic rock is 8~15：1；
3. seed disinfection：After the seed of processing takes out, soaked 5~8 minutes, dragged for 0.3~0.5% liquor potassic permanganate Rinse to dry to seed moisture content with water after going out and be not higher than 18%；
4. vernalization：Seed after sterilization is placed on leeward area without shade, the upper ventilative screen cloth of lid, then with walnut shell, peanut shell powder Material covering, and often with keeping temperature and humidity, while often stir seed to sprinkling water on shell powder, after vernalization 6~8 days, 30~ 50% seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally germination when, sowed, shell powder fineness is 200~350 mesh；
2) seeding and seedling raising
1. selection of land builds seedbed：Soil layer deep, fertile calcium soil or loess are selected, base manure is used sufficient, turns over, harrows thin rear work Furrow, furrow high 20~35cm, wide 2~3m, long 3~5m, shed is then built, outer layer is thin with plastics again after being closed with black shade net Film seals；
2. seedbed is handled：Tile one layer of mixture by biogas residue, vinegar grain and wet river sand on seedbed, 3~5cm of thickness, so Poured afterwards with 0.5% copperas solution, or bed is spread with 10kg/ mu ferrous sulfate powder while watered, carrying out soil to seedbed disappears The mixed proportion of poison, wherein biogas residue, vinegar grain and wet river sand is 3：1：8~10；
3. sow：Sowed after 10~12 days, application rate 50kg/ mus, using drilling, sown scope 5cm, line-spacing l0cm, after program request The ㎝ of fine earth 1 of sterilization sieving is covered, starts to emerge after 22~28 days；
3) seedling management
1. spray：Pinus bungeana Seeds germination seedling band kind shell is unearthed, through 15~22 days kind shell self fallings, after kind shell comes off Strengthen the prevention of damping-off, weekly with alternately sprinkling seedling 2~3 times of carbendazim, ferrous sulfate aqueous solution, ferrous sulfate aqueous solution Concentration be 0.3~0.5%, after spray clear water sprinkling immediately rinse；
2. shading and water spray：After coming up, outer layer plastic film is thrown off, black shade net prevents day from burning, to strengthen it Resistance, while carry out a small amount of repeatedly water spray, to keep seedbed to moisten, into 6~July, temperature is high, and moisture evaporation is fast, be Daily early morning and at dusk each water spray 1 time, to accomplish a small amount of diligent spray during water spray, high temperature season suitably will spray more, and rainy weather sprays less Or do not spray, never sprayed water during noon high temperature；
3. top dressing：Top dressing combines water spray based on liquid quick-acting fertilizer, in mid-May to growth most productive period by the end of July and carried out Top dressing, 1% aqueous solution of urea is imposed for the first time, amount of urea is 5kg/ mus, stops Nitrogen Top Dressing later, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was imposed every 15 days 1 time, and combines foliage dressing, monthly 3~4 times, using Ye Mian Bao or spraying conerete as It is main；
4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Suffer from samping off to prevent lacebark pine seedling, from nursery stock is unearthed successively, use quality weekly Concentration is that 0.2% potassium permanganate and 1% ferrous sulfate aqueous solution alternately spray；It was found that diseased plant, pulls out in time, simultaneously Bed surface is sprayed with the ferrous sulfate or 1.0% potassium permanganate solution that mass concentration is 2~3%, is sprayed again within 30 seconds 1 time after spray Clear water, nursery stock is rinsed, to avoid poisoning.The diseased plant pulled out, which should concentrate, burns, and must not abandon conveniently on seedbed, prevent disease Sprawling.
5. weeding：Follow " except it is early, except it is small, except " principle, prevent weeds from striving fertilizer with nursery stock and striving water, influence the life of nursery stock Long, weeding should be carried out after watering.
4) transplant
Lacebark pine growth of seedling is slow, First Year height of seedling 4c~5cm, 9~12cm of Second Year, and 4~5 years raw heights of seedling 30~ 40cm, 10 years raw heights of seedling reach 1m, and nursery stock will pass through 2 times~3 times transplanting in incubation could cultivate into seedlings, therefore, 2~ Raw seedling carries out first set grafting within 3 years, then cultivates afforestation of going up a hill for 1~2 year, and 5 years raw seedlings carry out second and transplanted, 8~10 years raw seedlings Third time transplanting is carried out, band soil ball goes out garden afforestation plant after transplanting growth in 3 years.
In order to verify the actual effect of the present invention program, experimental plot seedling raising process is observed and recorded.
Using 5 mu of the inventive method nursery, after being broadcast under the seed treatment of collection, emergence rate 98.7%, move for the first time It is 99.5% to plant live seedling rate, and second of transplanting live seedling rate 98.7%, it is 99.2% that third time, which transplants live seedling rate,.
As control, using conventional seedbed system method, the seed that will be gathered passes through conventional Sand culture and seedbed technical office Broadcast under after reason, emergence rate 86.9%, first set grafting live seedling rate is 92.4%, second of transplanting live seedling rate 91.2%, third time It is 94.5% to transplant live seedling rate.
It follows that using the inventive method nursery, live seedling rate is relative to improve 12% or so, it is often more important that, in the later stage Migration process three times in, its survival rate is greatly enhanced, and has significant progressive.In addition, using nursery side of the present invention Method can shift to an earlier date 3~7 days and emerge, and then can faster be grown in First Year cultivating process, and this is highly beneficial to market competition.

Claims (4)

  1. A kind of 1. lacebark pine method for culturing seedlings, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
    1) seed collection and processing
    1. collect seed：Select life in 35~45 years, robust growth, form is good, the forest of no disease and pests harm as seed collecting elite stand, when cone by Green is collected seed when becoming yellow；The cone of harvesting is placed at well-ventilated, spreads drying out, it is diligent daily to stir, struck after fruit scale cracking Play ball fruit, deviate from seed, air-dry, pick net debris, deposited with gas-permeable container dress, and prevent the plague of rats；
    2. seed treatment：Before soil is freeze-up in the winter time, selection drying is leeward on the sunny side, digs deep 80~100 ㎝, wide 50~70 ㎝, Long 90~120 ㎝ sand storage hole, hole inwall are covered with straw screen or mat, first spread the thick breathable insulation material of 20 ㎝ at hole bottom, then tile one layer The ㎝ seeds of thickness 2~3, one layer of breathable insulation material is repaved, cheat middle upright a branch of bamboo pole or besom, it is ventilative with profit, repeat to spread one Layer one layer of seed of breathable insulation material finally fills out hole to 20cm above ground level, hole surrounding to 24~28 ㎝ from the ground with sand or soil Drainage ditch is fixed, prevents rainwater from penetrating into, pays attention to checking, prevents the harm of artificial or birds and beasts, after the beginning of spring in next year soil thaws, taking-up kind Son, wherein, described breathable insulation material is made up of wet river sand, volcanic rock, and 0.03~0.0.7% gibberellin is additionally added in it；
    3. seed disinfection：After the seed of processing takes out, soaked 5~8 minutes with 0.3~0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, after pulling out Rinsed to dry to seed moisture content with water and be not higher than 18%；
    4. vernalization：Seed after sterilization is placed on leeward area without shade, the upper ventilative screen cloth of lid, then covered with walnut shell, peanut shell powder Lid, and often with keeping temperature and humidity, while often stir seed to sprinkling water on shell powder, after vernalization 6~8 days, 30~50% Seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally germination when, sowed, shell powder fineness is 200~350 mesh；
    2) seeding and seedling raising
    1. selection of land builds seedbed：Soil layer deep, fertile calcium soil or loess are selected, base manure is used sufficient, turns over, harrows thin rear bedding, furrow High 20~35cm, wide 2~3m, long 3~5m, then build shed, and outer layer is close with plastic sheeting again after being closed with black shade net Envelope；
    2. seedbed is handled：Tile one layer of mixture by biogas residue, vinegar grain and wet river sand on seedbed, thickness 3~5cm, Ran Houyong 0.5% copperas solution is poured, or spreads bed with 10kg/ mu ferrous sulfate powder while water, and soil disinfection is carried out to seedbed；
    3. sow：Sowed after 10~12 days, application rate 50kg/ mus, using drilling, sown scope 5cm, line-spacing l0cm, cover and disappear after program request The ㎝ of fine earth 1 of poison sieving, starts to emerge after 22~28 days；
    3) seedling management
    1. spray：Pinus bungeana Seeds germination seedling band kind shell is unearthed, and through 15~22 days kind shell self fallings, kind shell was strengthened after coming off The prevention of damping-off, weekly with carbendazim, ferrous sulfate aqueous solution alternately sprinkling seedling 2~3 times, ferrous sulfate aqueous solution it is dense Spend for 0.3~0.5%, after spray clear water sprinkling immediately rinse；
    2. shading and water spray：After coming up, outer layer plastic film is thrown off, black shade net prevents day from burning, to strengthen its resistance, A small amount of repeatedly water spray is carried out simultaneously, and to keep seedbed to moisten, into 6~July, temperature is high, and moisture evaporation is fast, clear daily Morning and at dusk each water spray 1 time, to accomplish a small amount of diligent spray during water spray, high temperature season suitably will spray more, and rainy weather sprays or do not sprayed less, Never sprayed water during noon high temperature；
    3. top dressing：Top dressing combines water spray based on liquid quick-acting fertilizer, in mid-May to growth most productive period by the end of July and carries out top dressing, 1% aqueous solution of urea is imposed for the first time, and amount of urea is 5kg/ mus, stops Nitrogen Top Dressing, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, every 15 later It imposes 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time, and combines foliage dressing, monthly 3~4 times, based on Ye Mian Bao or spraying conerete；
    4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Suffer from samping off to prevent lacebark pine seedling, from nursery stock is unearthed successively, use mass concentration weekly Potassium permanganate and 1% ferrous sulfate aqueous solution for 0.2% alternately spray；It was found that diseased plant, pulls out in time, while use matter The ferrous sulfate or 1.0% potassium permanganate solution sprinkling bed surface that concentration is 2~3% are measured, sprays within 30 seconds 1 time again clearly after spray Water, nursery stock is rinsed, to avoid poisoning；The diseased plant pulled out, which should concentrate, burns, and must not abandon conveniently on seedbed, prevent disease Sprawling；
    5. weeding：Follow " except it is early, except it is small, except " principle, prevent weeds from striving fertilizer with nursery stock and striving water, influence the growth of nursery stock, Weeding should be carried out after watering；
    4) transplant
    Lacebark pine growth of seedling is slow, First Year height of seedling 4c~5cm, Second Year 9~12cm, 4~5 years raw 30~40cm of height of seedling, 10 years raw heights of seedling reach 1m, and nursery stock will pass through 2 times~3 times transplanting in incubation could cultivate into seedlings, therefore, life in 2~3 years Seedling carries out first set grafting, then cultivates afforestation of going up a hill for 1~2 year, and 5 years raw seedlings carry out second of transplanting, raw seedling progress in 8~10 years the Transplant three times, band soil ball goes out garden afforestation plant after transplanting growth in 3 years.
  2. A kind of 2. lacebark pine method for culturing seedlings as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Life in 40 years is selected during seed collecting, growth is good for Strong, form is good, and the forest of no disease and pests harm is as seed collecting elite stand.
  3. A kind of 3. lacebark pine method for culturing seedlings as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the processing step of seedbed, biogas residue, vinegar grain Mixed proportion with wet river sand is 3：1：8~10.
  4. A kind of 4. lacebark pine method for culturing seedlings as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described wet river sand and volcanic rock is matched somebody with somebody Than for 8~15：1.
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CN107242096A (en) * 2017-08-03 2017-10-13 河南省林业科学研究院 A kind of preparation method of the micro- potted landscape of lacebark pine
CN107580950B (en) * 2017-09-29 2020-04-24 重庆市林业科学研究院 Seedling raising method for Nanchuan Arboria sand bed
CN110226440B (en) * 2018-11-07 2022-04-29 河西学院 Method for growing seedlings of Nitraria tangutorum bobr in open field
CN110839469A (en) * 2019-11-27 2020-02-28 李时平 Seedling raising method for fruit seedlings
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