CN110839469A - Seedling raising method for fruit seedlings - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for fruit seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN110839469A CN110839469A CN201911183630.6A CN201911183630A CN110839469A CN 110839469 A CN110839469 A CN 110839469A CN 201911183630 A CN201911183630 A CN 201911183630A CN 110839469 A CN110839469 A CN 110839469A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly discloses a seedling growing method for fruit seedlings. The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a scientific and rigorous fruit tree seedling raising method, ensures the yield and quality of fruits, reduces the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, reduces pesticide residues, and is green and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly belongs to a seedling raising method for fruit seedlings.
Background
The fruit trees generally have strong adaptability, can be planted on plains, both banks of rivers, roads and the front and back of rural parks, can grow on deserts, hills, shoals and the like, and can be used for selectively planting proper fruit trees, so that the economic income is increased, the water and soil loss can be prevented, the green coverage area is increased, the climate is adjusted, and the environment is greened, beautified and purified.
The nursery stock is a prerequisite condition for fruit tree production, and the quality of the nursery stock directly influences the early formation of the crown of the fruit tree and the early and late entering into the full bearing period. At present, the seedling raising of fruit trees in China mainly depends on the experience of fruit growers, a scientific and systematic method is not available, the quality of fruits is uneven, and the yield is not guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fruit seedling raising method, overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a scientific and rigorous fruit tree seedling raising method, ensures the yield and quality of fruits, reduces the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, reduces pesticide residues, and is green and environment-friendly.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a seedling raising method for fruit seedlings comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreating a seedling growing land, selecting a place with fertile sandy soil and humus soil as the seedling growing land, applying 2000kg of farmyard manure and 20kg of antibacterial insecticide into the seedling growing land per mu, deeply ploughing, finely leveling, making a seedbed with the height of 10cm and the width of 80cm, and covering a mulching film on the seedbed;
s2: selecting seeds, selecting strong mother trees without diseases and insect pests, accelerating germination according to the variety requirements, collecting the seeds after germination, placing the seeds in water, fishing out the seeds which sink to the bottom of the water, and drying in the shade for later use;
s3: treating seeds, namely soaking the selected seeds in a disinfectant for 30-50min, fishing out, placing the seeds in warm water for soaking for 12-20h, spraying a pregermination agent on the surfaces of the seeds, then accelerating germination, and selecting well-germinated seeds for later use;
s4: sowing, namely digging sowing pits with the diameter of 15cm and the depth of 15cm on a seedbed, wherein the distance between every two sowing pits is 60cm, supplementing 300g-500g of farmyard manure and 100g of antibacterial insecticide into each sowing pit, and planting the seeds obtained in S3 into the sowing pits;
s5: seedling stage management:
(1) water spraying and fertilizing: spraying water 2 times every day before ten am or after three pm, and keeping the soil humidity of the seedbed; topdressing is carried out for three times in the growth period, wherein the time is 5 ten days in the middle of the month, 6 ten days in the middle of the month and 8 ten days in the last month respectively, and urea with the concentration of 0.5-0.8% is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for topdressing;
(2) and (3) pest control: after the seedlings come out of the soil, field patrol is enhanced, the seedlings which are found to be sick are pulled out in time, and quicklime is used for disinfection; burning folium Artemisiae Argyi in field, and scattering folium Artemisiae Argyi ash on seedbed; protective nets are built around and above the seedlings, so that the seedlings are prevented from being damaged by rats and birds;
(3) cold-proof protection: after frozen water is poured before freezing, an arched shed is built for the seedlings, and after the weather is warmed up again, the arched shed is removed and unfrozen water is poured, so that the seedlings can be prevented from being frozen, and the seedling raising effect is improved;
s6: and (4) outplanting the nursery, wherein the outplanting is carried out in a grading way according to the growth condition of the seedlings after twelve months from the sowing date.
Further, the farmyard manure in S1 mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of dry cow dung, 15-35 parts of dry pig dung, 10-30 parts of plant ash, 15-25 parts of straw powder and 20-50 parts of pond sludge.
Further, the antibacterial insecticide in S1 mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 8-12 parts of garden burnet, 10-16 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root, 5-10 parts of cyrtomium rhizome, 4-8 parts of purslane and 6-12 parts of Chinese azalea flower.
Further, the disinfectant in S3 is one or more of carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, formalin, potassium permanganate, and ferrous sulfate.
Further, the germinant in the S3 mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2 to 6 percent of gibberellin, 5 to 9 percent of dichloroethanol, 2 to 5 percent of trace elements and the balance of water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following implementation effects:
the seedling raising method for the fruit seedlings, provided by the invention, is scientific and rigorous, ensures the yield and quality of fruits, reduces the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers by using pure natural degradable farmyard manure and antibacterial insecticides of Chinese herbal plant sources, reduces pesticide residues, and is green and environment-friendly; and for the preferable seeds, spraying the pregermination agent, accelerating germination, and then selecting the well-germinated seeds for sowing, so that the risk caused by low seed quality is reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples, and any modification is within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a seedling raising method for fruit seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreating a seedling growing land, selecting a place with good irrigation and drainage conditions and fertile sandy soil and humus soil as the seedling growing land, and applying 2000kg of farmyard manure and 20kg of antibacterial insecticide into the seedling growing land per mu; wherein the farmyard manure mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of dry cow dung, 15 parts of dry pig dung, 10 parts of plant ash, 15 parts of straw powder and 20 parts of pond sludge, wherein the antibacterial insecticide mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 8 parts of garden burnet root, 10 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root, 5 parts of cyrtomium rhizome, 4 parts of purslane and 6 parts of Chinese azalea flower; deeply turning, finely flattening, making into a seedbed with the height of 10cm and the width of 80cm, and covering a mulching film on the seedbed;
s2: selecting seeds, selecting strong mother trees without diseases and insect pests, accelerating germination according to the variety requirements, collecting the seeds after germination, placing the seeds in water, fishing out the seeds which sink to the bottom of the water, and drying in the shade for later use;
s3: treating seeds, namely firstly soaking the selected seeds in a disinfectant for 30-50min, fishing out the seeds, then placing the seeds in warm water for soaking for 12h, and spraying the surface of the seeds with the germinant, wherein the germinant mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2% of gibberellin, 5% of dichloroethanol, 2% of trace elements and the balance of water, then accelerating germination, and selecting seeds with good buds for later use;
s4: sowing, namely digging sowing pits with the diameter of 15cm and the depth of 15cm on a seedbed, wherein the distance between every two sowing pits is 60cm, supplementing 300g of farmyard manure and 100g of antibacterial insecticide into each sowing pit, and planting the seeds obtained in S3 into the sowing pits;
s5: seedling stage management:
(1) water spraying and fertilizing: spraying water 2 times every day before ten am or after three pm, and keeping the soil humidity of the seedbed; topdressing is carried out for three times in the growth period, wherein the time is 5 ten days in the middle of the month, 6 ten days in the middle of the month and 8 ten days in the last month respectively, and urea with the concentration of 0.5-0.8% is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for topdressing;
(2) and (3) pest control: after the seedlings come out of the soil, field patrol is enhanced, the seedlings which are found to be sick are pulled out in time, and quicklime is used for disinfection; burning folium Artemisiae Argyi in field, and scattering folium Artemisiae Argyi ash on seedbed; protective nets are built around and above the seedlings, so that the seedlings are prevented from being damaged by rats and birds;
(3) cold-proof protection: after frozen water is poured before freezing, an arched shed is built for the seedlings, and after the weather is warmed up again, the arched shed is removed and unfrozen water is poured, so that the seedlings can be prevented from being frozen, and the seedling raising effect is improved;
s6: and (4) outplanting the nursery, wherein the outplanting is carried out in a grading way according to the growth condition of the seedlings after twelve months from the sowing date.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a seedling raising method for fruit seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreating a seedling growing land, selecting a place with good irrigation and drainage conditions and fertile sandy soil and humus soil as the seedling growing land, and applying 2000kg of farmyard manure and 20kg of antibacterial insecticide into the seedling growing land per mu; wherein the farmyard manure mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of dry cow dung, 25 parts of dry pig dung, 20 parts of plant ash, 20 parts of straw powder and 35 parts of pond sludge, wherein the antibacterial insecticide mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12.5 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 10 parts of garden burnet root, 13 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root, 7.5 parts of cyrtomium rhizome, 6 parts of purslane and 9 parts of Chinese azalea flower; deeply turning, finely flattening, making into a seedbed with the height of 10cm and the width of 80cm, and covering a mulching film on the seedbed;
s2: selecting seeds, selecting strong mother trees without diseases and insect pests, accelerating germination according to the variety requirements, collecting the seeds after germination, placing the seeds in water, fishing out the seeds which sink to the bottom of the water, and drying in the shade for later use;
s3: treating seeds, namely firstly soaking the selected seeds in a disinfectant for 30-50min, fishing out the seeds, then placing the seeds in warm water for soaking for 16h, and spraying the surface of the seeds with the germinant, wherein the germinant mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: gibberellin 4%, dichloroethanol 7%, trace elements 3.5% and the balance of water, then accelerating germination, and selecting well-germinated seeds for later use;
s4: sowing, namely digging sowing pits with the diameter of 15cm and the depth of 15cm on a seedbed, wherein the distance between every two sowing pits is 60cm, supplementing 400g of farmyard manure and 100g of antibacterial insecticide into each sowing pit, and planting the seeds obtained in S3 into the sowing pits;
s5: seedling stage management:
(4) water spraying and fertilizing: spraying water 2 times every day before ten am or after three pm, and keeping the soil humidity of the seedbed; topdressing is carried out for three times in the growth period, wherein the time is 5 ten days in the middle of the month, 6 ten days in the middle of the month and 8 ten days in the last month respectively, and urea with the concentration of 0.5-0.8% is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for topdressing;
(5) and (3) pest control: after the seedlings come out of the soil, field patrol is enhanced, the seedlings which are found to be sick are pulled out in time, and quicklime is used for disinfection; burning folium Artemisiae Argyi in field, and scattering folium Artemisiae Argyi ash on seedbed; protective nets are built around and above the seedlings, so that the seedlings are prevented from being damaged by rats and birds;
(6) cold-proof protection: after frozen water is poured before freezing, an arched shed is built for the seedlings, and after the weather is warmed up again, the arched shed is removed and unfrozen water is poured, so that the seedlings can be prevented from being frozen, and the seedling raising effect is improved;
s6: and (4) outplanting the nursery, wherein the outplanting is carried out in a grading way according to the growth condition of the seedlings after twelve months from the sowing date.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a seedling raising method for fruit seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreating a seedling growing land, selecting a place with good irrigation and drainage conditions and fertile sandy soil and humus soil as the seedling growing land, and applying 2000kg of farmyard manure and 20kg of antibacterial insecticide into the seedling growing land per mu; wherein the farmyard manure mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of dry cow dung, 35 parts of dry pig dung, 30 parts of plant ash, 25 parts of straw powder and 50 parts of pond sludge, wherein the antibacterial insecticide mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 12 parts of garden burnet root, 16 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root, 10 parts of cyrtomium rhizome, 8 parts of purslane and 12 parts of Chinese azalea flower; deeply turning, finely flattening, making into a seedbed with the height of 10cm and the width of 80cm, and covering a mulching film on the seedbed;
s2: selecting seeds, selecting strong mother trees without diseases and insect pests, accelerating germination according to the variety requirements, collecting the seeds after germination, placing the seeds in water, fishing out the seeds which sink to the bottom of the water, and drying in the shade for later use;
s3: treating seeds, namely firstly soaking the selected seeds in a disinfectant for 30-50min, fishing out the seeds, then placing the seeds in warm water for soaking for 20h, and spraying the surface of the seeds with the germinant, wherein the germinant mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6% of gibberellin, 9% of dichloroethanol, 5% of trace elements and the balance of water, then accelerating germination, and selecting well-germinated seeds for later use;
s4: sowing, namely digging sowing pits with the diameter of 15cm and the depth of 15cm on a seedbed, wherein the distance between every two sowing pits is 60cm, supplementing 500g of farmyard manure and 100g of antibacterial insecticide into each sowing pit, and planting the seeds obtained in S3 into the sowing pits;
s5: seedling stage management:
(7) water spraying and fertilizing: spraying water 2 times every day before ten am or after three pm, and keeping the soil humidity of the seedbed; topdressing is carried out for three times in the growth period, wherein the time is 5 ten days in the middle of the month, 6 ten days in the middle of the month and 8 ten days in the last month respectively, and urea with the concentration of 0.5-0.8% is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for topdressing;
(8) and (3) pest control: after the seedlings come out of the soil, field patrol is enhanced, the seedlings which are found to be sick are pulled out in time, and quicklime is used for disinfection; burning folium Artemisiae Argyi in field, and scattering folium Artemisiae Argyi ash on seedbed; protective nets are built around and above the seedlings, so that the seedlings are prevented from being damaged by rats and birds;
(9) cold-proof protection: after frozen water is poured before freezing, an arched shed is built for the seedlings, and after the weather is warmed up again, the arched shed is removed and unfrozen water is poured, so that the seedlings can be prevented from being frozen, and the seedling raising effect is improved;
s6: and (4) outplanting the nursery, wherein the outplanting is carried out in a grading way according to the growth condition of the seedlings after twelve months from the sowing date.
Example 4
The method is basically the same as that of the seedling raising method in the example 3, except that the antibacterial insecticide is not added before the soil turning.
Example 5
The method of growing seedlings was substantially the same as that of example 3, except that no pregerminator was added at the time of pregermination.
The inventor of the application respectively carries out seedling raising according to the seedling raising methods of the embodiments 1-5 in a certain orchard planting base in Anhui, and in addition, the existing seedling raising method is adopted as a control group, the seed germination rate, the one-year outplanting rate and the transplanting survival rate are counted, and the specific results are shown in the following table:
| group of | Survival rate of seedling (%) | One year outplanting rate (%) | Survival Rate of transplantation (%) |
| Example 1 | 92.4 | 77.2 | 100％ |
| Example 2 | 93.7 | 79.4 | 100％ |
| Example 3 | 93.1 | 80.6 | 100％ |
| Example 4 | 81.4 | 65.2 | 100％ |
| Example 5 | 85.7 | 74.1 | 96.4 |
| Control group | 86.8 | 26.3 | 98.5 |
According to the table, the seedling survival rate, the one-year outplanting rate and the transplanting survival rate of the seedling raising method provided by the invention are higher than those of the existing seedling raising method, the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers is reduced, and degradable natural medicaments and fertilizers are adopted, so that the seedling raising method is green, environment-friendly and pollution-free, and has no harm to human bodies.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present inventive concept and various modifications, additions and substitutions of similar embodiments may be made to the specific embodiments described by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept or exceeding the scope of the claims as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (5)
1. A seedling raising method for fruit seedlings is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreating a seedling growing land, selecting a place with fertile sandy soil and humus soil as the seedling growing land, applying 2000kg of farmyard manure and 20kg of antibacterial insecticide into the seedling growing land per mu, deeply ploughing, finely leveling, making a seedbed with the height of 10cm and the width of 80cm, and covering a mulching film on the seedbed;
s2: selecting seeds, selecting strong mother trees without diseases and insect pests, accelerating germination according to the variety requirements, collecting the seeds after germination, placing the seeds in water, fishing out the seeds which sink to the bottom of the water, and drying in the shade for later use;
s3: treating seeds, namely soaking the selected seeds in a disinfectant for 30-50min, fishing out, placing the seeds in warm water for soaking for 12-20h, spraying a pregermination agent on the surfaces of the seeds, then accelerating germination, and selecting well-germinated seeds for later use;
s4: sowing, namely digging sowing pits with the diameter of 15cm and the depth of 15cm on a seedbed, wherein the distance between every two sowing pits is 60cm, supplementing 300g-500g of farmyard manure and 100g of antibacterial insecticide into each sowing pit, and planting the seeds obtained in S3 into the sowing pits;
s5: seedling stage management:
(1) water spraying and fertilizing: spraying water 2 times every day before ten am or after three pm, and keeping the soil humidity of the seedbed; topdressing is carried out for three times in the growth period, wherein the time is 5 ten days in the middle of the month, 6 ten days in the middle of the month and 8 ten days in the last month respectively, and urea with the concentration of 0.5-0.8% is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for topdressing;
(2) and (3) pest control: after the seedlings come out of the soil, field patrol is enhanced, the seedlings which are found to be sick are pulled out in time, and quicklime is used for disinfection; burning folium Artemisiae Argyi in field, and scattering folium Artemisiae Argyi ash on seedbed; protective nets are built around and above the seedlings, so that the seedlings are prevented from being damaged by rats and birds;
(3) cold-proof protection: after frozen water is poured before freezing, an arched shed is built for the seedlings, and after the weather is warmed up again, the arched shed is removed and unfrozen water is poured, so that the seedlings can be prevented from being frozen, and the seedling raising effect is improved;
s6: and (4) outplanting the nursery, wherein the outplanting is carried out in a grading way according to the growth condition of the seedlings after twelve months from the sowing date.
2. A seedling raising method of fruit seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the farmyard manure in the S1 mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of dry cow dung, 15-35 parts of dry pig dung, 10-30 parts of plant ash, 15-25 parts of straw powder and 20-50 parts of pond sludge.
3. A seedling raising method of fruit seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the antibacterial insecticide in S1 mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 8-12 parts of garden burnet, 10-16 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root, 5-10 parts of cyrtomium rhizome, 4-8 parts of purslane and 6-12 parts of Chinese azalea flower.
4. A seedling raising method of fruit seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the disinfectant in the S3 is one or more of carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, formalin, potassium permanganate and ferrous sulfate.
5. A seedling raising method of fruit seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the germinant in the S3 mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2 to 6 percent of gibberellin, 5 to 9 percent of dichloroethanol, 2 to 5 percent of trace elements and the balance of water.
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Application publication date: 20200228 |
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