CN113841558A - Seedling growing method for positive mangrove - Google Patents
Seedling growing method for positive mangrove Download PDFInfo
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- CN113841558A CN113841558A CN202110969663.4A CN202110969663A CN113841558A CN 113841558 A CN113841558 A CN 113841558A CN 202110969663 A CN202110969663 A CN 202110969663A CN 113841558 A CN113841558 A CN 113841558A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising method for positive mangrove, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a near-shore high tide beach as a nursery address, and preparing a seedling culture substrate and a seedling culture container; (2) selecting and disinfecting embryonic axis, sowing the disinfected embryonic axis into a seedling culture container filled with a seedling culture substrate, and shading; (3) watering, fertilizing, killing insects and sterilizing the sowed hypocotyls to realize the growth of the hypocotyls into seedlings; (4) when the height of the nursery stock reaches the preset height, the nursery stock can be taken out of the nursery to finish seedling raising; the coastal high tide beaches can be periodically submerged by seawater, and the submerged water level of the seawater is 15-25 cm. The seedling raising method for the positive mangrove provided by the invention has the advantages of high germination rate, high seedling preservation rate, good seedling height effect and high seedling afforestation survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forestry afforestation, in particular to a seedling growing method of a positive mangrove.
Background
The positive mangrove (Latin name: Rhizophora apiculata), also called mangrove, evergreen small trees or shrubs, can reach 6m in height, has developed aerial roots or pillar roots, black brown bark, leathery leaves, elliptic leaf shapes, dark brown gland points on the back surfaces of the leaves, a skin hole drainer structure can be observed in the anatomical structures of the leaves, and the tannin content on the epidermal cells of the leaves is very high, which indicates that the positive mangrove, the evergreen small trees or shrubs have very strong insect resistance.
The Zhenghong tree is a typical tropical thermophilic narrow cloth species of the mangrove genus of the family mangroveceae, has natural distribution in Hainan only in China, and Shenzhen bay and Zhuhaiqi island are introduced from Hainan, but has poor adaptability to low temperature and poor growth condition. The regular mangrove is usually distributed in the middle tide zone, in the shallow salt beach with calm sea waves and soft silt or in the marshland in the gulf, has strong adaptability to the changeable habitat of intertidal zones, and often forms a single dominant community.
Chinese patent application CN104206144 discloses a seedling breeding and cultivating method of mangrove plant silver leaf trees, which comprises the following steps: step A: selecting plants with the age of 5-20 years and no plant diseases and insect pests as mother trees, harvesting fruits with plump shapes and dark brown pericarps in 8-10 months per year, sterilizing, drying in the sun, and bagging; and B: storing the fruits in sand; and C: selecting nursery lands, disinfecting a seedbed matrix, and directly sowing the silver leaf tree fruits after 10-15 days; the first step D: domesticating the silver leaf saplings in a halophytic environment and a fresh water environment; step E: after the silver leaf tree seedlings grow to 0.8-1.5m, the seedlings are unearthed and transplanted, and then natural sea mud at seaside is placed at the bottom of a seeding hole to be transplanted for strengthening the seedlings. The invention expands the suitable growing range of the silver leaf tree seedlings, and the cultivated seedlings can be sown in the intertidal zone environment where seawater can directly reach and can be cultivated on land far away from the seawater.
Chinese patent application CN104206144 discloses a method for quickly raising seedlings of a semi-mangrove plant, namely a silver leaf tree, which comprises the following steps of (1) seed collection and disinfection: collecting mature silver leaf tree fruits without insect pests, and sterilizing; (2) pretreatment of fruits: cutting off part of the shell of the disinfected silver leaf tree fruit, removing fruit with poor endosperm development, and soaking in the solution A for accelerating germination; (3) land preparation: flattening the seedbed to ensure smooth drainage and remove weeds; (4) matrix configuration: preparing a culture medium by adopting sea mud, sea sand and plant ash; (5) sowing: sowing the fruits after the pregermination into a nutrition bag filled with a culture medium; (6) transplanting seedlings: transplanting the silver leaf trees into the non-woven fabric bags filled with the culture medium in the step (4) when the height of the seedlings of the silver leaf trees is 20-30cm, and taking the seedlings out of the nursery garden when the height of the seedlings is 45-55 cm. The invention has the advantages of good germination rate, seedling preservation rate, seedling height effect and short seedling culture period.
However, the method does not specially aim at the growth habit and characteristics of the positive mangrove, so that the survival rate of the seedlings cultured according to the method is low, and the survival rate of the obtained nursery stock afforestation is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a seedling raising method for positive mangroves, which has the advantages of high germination rate, high seedling preservation rate, good seedling height effect and high seedling afforestation survival rate.
In order to achieve the technical effect, the invention provides a seedling raising method of a positive mangrove, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a near-shore high tide beach as a nursery address, and preparing a seedling culture substrate and a seedling culture container;
(2) selecting and disinfecting embryonic axis, sowing the disinfected embryonic axis into a seedling culture container filled with a seedling culture substrate, and shading;
(3) watering, fertilizing, killing insects and sterilizing the sowed hypocotyls to realize the growth of the hypocotyls into seedlings;
(4) when the height of the nursery stock reaches the preset height, the nursery stock can be taken out of the nursery to finish seedling raising;
the coastal high tide beaches can be periodically submerged by seawater, and the submerged water level of the seawater is 15-25 cm.
Preferably, the seedling substrate is one or a combination of original soil, alien soil and artificially prepared nutrient soil;
the artificial nutrient soil preparation method comprises the following steps: 50-70% of laterite, 25-35% of cow dung and 5-15% of sandy soil;
wherein each cubic meter of the cow dung contains 50-100 kg of calcium phosphate;
and fully and uniformly stirring the red soil, the cow dung and the sandy soil, covering with a film for composting, and obtaining the artificially prepared nutrient soil after the red soil, the cow dung and the sandy soil are fully decomposed.
Preferably, the hypocotyls are mature, fresh and pest-free hypocotyls of a seedling raising place;
the disinfection method of the embryonic axis is to take out the embryonic axis after soaking the embryonic axis in a carbendazim or chlorothalonil solution for 5-10 minutes.
Preferably, the method for sowing the hypocotyls in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(2.1) watering the seedling raising container to be sowed;
and (2.2) inserting the embryonic axis into the seedling culture medium, wherein the inserting depth is 2-4 cm, and lightly pressing the basal part of the embryonic axis by hands to ensure that the embryonic axis is fully attached to the seedling culture medium.
Preferably, the shading method in step (2) comprises: shading by adopting a shading net with the transmittance of 60% -80%, wherein the shading is divided into three stages:
the first stage is as follows: covering a sunshade net every day before the embryonic axis germinates;
and a second stage: after the embryonic axis germinates and grows two true leaves to form a seedling, keeping a sunshade net for sunshade every 10 am to 4 pm, and lifting the sunshade net for hardening the seedling in the rest time;
and a third stage: and after the seedlings are mature, opening the sunshade net.
Preferably, in step (3), the watering method comprises:
fresh water is poured for 3-5 times every day on the 1 st-20 th day after sowing;
after the embryonic axis germinates and two true leaves grow to form seedlings, fresh water is poured for 2-5 times every day;
before the seedling is mature, controlling the salinity of the soil to be 5-10 per mill by watering.
Preferably, in the step (3), the fertilizer applied comprises farmyard manure and/or chemical fertilizer;
the insecticidal sterilization process comprises the following steps:
diluting 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate by 3000 times with water to obtain a pesticidal and bactericidal liquid, and spraying the pesticidal and bactericidal liquid to a pest part;
the spraying frequency of the insecticidal and bactericidal liquid is once every 5-7 days, and the spraying frequency is 3-4 times.
Preferably, in the step (4), when the height of the nursery stock reaches 40 cm, the nursery stock is taken out of the nursery, and the seedling is raised.
Preferably, in the step (4), when the height of the nursery stock reaches 50-80 cm, the nursery stock is taken out of the nursery, and seedling cultivation is completed.
Preferably, in the step (4), the nursery stock is further hardened after being outplanted;
the seedling hardening method is to perform in-situ root cutting and temporary planting and seedling hardening or perform temporary planting and seedling hardening in different places.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for growing seedlings of the positive mangrove selects the near-shore high tide beach as the nursery address, is suitable for the growth habit of the positive mangrove, and has high hypocotyl germination rate and high seedling preservation rate. The embryonic axis is disinfected, and the sowed embryonic axis is watered, fertilized, insecticidal and bactericidal, so that the seedling height effect is good, and the survival rate of seedling afforestation is high.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below.
The invention provides a seedling raising method for positive mangrove, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a near-shore high tide beach as a nursery address, and preparing a seedling culture substrate and a seedling culture container;
(2) selecting and disinfecting embryonic axis, sowing the disinfected embryonic axis into a seedling culture container filled with a seedling culture substrate, and shading;
(3) watering, fertilizing, killing insects and sterilizing the sowed hypocotyls to realize the growth of the hypocotyls into seedlings;
(4) when the height of the nursery stock reaches the preset height, the nursery stock can be taken out of the nursery to finish seedling raising;
the coastal high tide beaches can be periodically submerged by seawater, and the submerged water level of the seawater is 15-25 cm.
The method for growing seedlings of the positive mangrove selects the near-shore high tide beach as the nursery address, is suitable for the growth habit of the positive mangrove, and has high hypocotyl germination rate and high seedling preservation rate. The embryonic axis is disinfected, and the sowed embryonic axis is watered, fertilized, insecticidal and bactericidal, so that the seedling height effect is good, and the survival rate of seedling afforestation is high.
The following is a description of each step in the seedling raising method.
In the step (1), in the aspect of nursery address selection, the growth habit of the positive mangrove needs to be referred to, and it needs to be explained that the positive mangrove is distributed in the middle tidal zone, so that the positive mangrove is suitable for shallow sea salt beaches with calm sea waves and soft silt or marshland in gulfs, has strong adaptability to the variable habitat of intertidal zones, and forms a single dominant community. Preferably, a near-shore high tide beach is selected as a nursery address, and more preferably, the near-shore high tide beach can be periodically submerged by seawater, and the submerged water level of the seawater is 15-25 cm. Preferably, the coastal high tide beaches are arranged in an estuary area, the estuary area has small wind waves and low salinity and can be periodically submerged by seawater, and the seawater submerged level is controlled to be 20 cm. In addition, the nursery address is convenient to transport and close to residential areas, so that nursery stocks and other materials are convenient to transport. After a proper nursery address is selected, soil preparation is carried out on the nursery address, and then bleaching powder or quicklime is adopted to be fully sprayed to disinfect the nursery address.
It should be noted that the seawater flooding level of the near shore high tide beach is an important influence factor for the successful seedling growth of the positive mangrove, and the periodic flooding of the seawater causes the soil of the near shore high tide beach to contain a large amount of water, salt and hydrogen sulfide, so that the soil is lack of oxygen, the soil has no structure, and the plant residues are mostly in a semi-decomposition state. The soil environment is favorable for the seedling and growth of the regular mangrove, the regular mangrove has certain tolerance to salt, the moderate salt can promote the growth of the regular mangrove, but the salt can inhibit the growth of the regular mangrove when the salt exceeds the tolerance threshold of the regular mangrove. Specifically, when the submerging water level of the seawater of the near-shore high tide beach is less than 15cm, the salt content and the water content in the soil are insufficient, and finally the germination rate of the positive mangrove and the survival rate of the seedlings are low. When the submerging water level of the seawater of the near-shore high tide beach is more than 25cm, the salt content in the soil exceeds the tolerance threshold of the positive mangrove, and the growth of the positive mangrove is inhibited.
In the aspect of seedling substrate selection, preferably, the seedling substrate is one or a combination of original soil, alien soil and artificially prepared nutrient soil; preferably, the seedling culture substrate is artificially prepared nutrient soil, and the survival rate of the artificially prepared nutrient soil for seedling culture is highest. Preferably, the artificially formulated nutrient soil comprises: 50-70% of laterite, 25-35% of cow dung and 5-15% of sandy soil; wherein, each cubic meter of organic cow dung contains 50-100 kg of calcium phosphate. More preferably, the artificially prepared nutrient soil comprises the following components: 60% of laterite, 30% of cow dung and 10% of sandy soil; wherein, each cubic meter of organic cow dung contains 80 kilograms of calcium phosphate. Preferably, the preparation method of the artificial nutrient soil comprises the following steps: and fully and uniformly stirring the red soil, the cow dung and the sandy soil, covering with a film for composting, and obtaining the artificially prepared nutrient soil after the red soil, the cow dung and the sandy soil are fully decomposed. And arranging a seedling substrate treatment area in a nursery land for preparing and stacking the artificially prepared nutrient soil.
In terms of the selection of the seedling raising container, a nutrition bag or a plastic container can be selected as the seedling raising container, and preferably, a nutrition bag with the specification of 12cm × 15cm is selected as the seedling raising container. Further, before sowing, the artificially prepared nutrient soil is filled into nutrient bags and is conveyed to a nursery land in order to be arranged into ridges, preferably, the ridges are 25 meters long, 1.2 meters wide and 0.5 meter apart, and the direction of the ridges is consistent with the direction of the seawater rising and falling tide.
After selecting a proper nursery address and preparing a seedling substrate and a seedling container, the next seeding link is carried out.
In the step (2), proper hypocotyls are selected and sowed after treatment.
The positive mangrove is propagated in a embryogenic manner, seeds develop in fruits to form embryogenic seedlings which are full of mother trees and are generally called hypocotyls, and the Hainan period of the hypocotyls is 7 to 9 months per year. Preferably, the hypocotyls are mature, fresh and pest-free hypocotyls local to the seedling growing place. Local hypocotyls are selected for seedling culture, so that the localization of seeds is realized, the growth environment of the seed collection field is basically the same as that of the seedling culture field, and the survival rate of the seedling culture can be improved. In addition, mature and fresh embryonic axis without plant diseases and insect pests are selected for seedling raising, and immature and insect pest embryonic axis or embryonic axis which is germinated and seriously damaged cannot be used for seedling raising.
The embryonic axis needs to be disinfected before being sown, and preferably, the embryonic axis is disinfected by soaking in a carbendazim or chlorothalonil solution for 5-10 minutes and then taking out.
The positive mangrove is a fetal plant, and the sowing mode is mainly that the positive mangrove is picked and sowed at any time. In the mature season of seeds, collecting the embryo axis without plant diseases and insect pests from the forest land, and sowing after disinfection treatment.
Preferably, the method for sowing the hypocotyls in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(2.1) watering the seedling raising container to be sowed;
and (2.2) inserting the embryonic axis into the seedling culture medium, wherein the inserting depth is 2-4 cm, and lightly pressing the basal part of the embryonic axis by hands to ensure that the embryonic axis is fully attached to the seedling culture medium.
After the hypocotyl is sowed, shading treatment is needed, and preferably, the shading method in the step (2) comprises the following steps: shading by adopting a shading net with the transmittance of 60% -80%, wherein the shading is divided into three stages:
the first stage is as follows: covering a sunshade net every day before the embryonic axis germinates;
and a second stage: after the embryonic axis germinates and grows two true leaves to form a seedling, keeping a sunshade net for sunshade every 10 am to 4 pm, and lifting the sunshade net for hardening the seedling in the rest time;
and a third stage: and after the seedlings are mature, opening the sunshade net.
Covering a sunshade net before the embryonic axis germinates every day to ensure the embryonic axis to grow normally, generally rooting about 15 days, germinating 20-30 days, and gradually lifting the sunshade net to acclimatize the seedling after the embryonic axis grows two true leaves about 30-40 days, so that the seedling is slowly adapted to the growing environment of the sun and the leaves are prevented from being burnt by the direct sunlight.
And (4) after the embryonic axis is sowed, entering a seedling culture link in the step (3), and watering, fertilizing, killing insects and sterilizing the sowed embryonic axis to realize the growth of the embryonic axis into seedlings. In the seedling raising process, water and fertilizer management needs to be emphasized to obtain robust seedlings.
Preferably, the watering method comprises:
fresh water is poured for 3-5 times every day on the 1 st-20 th day after sowing;
after the embryonic axis germinates and two true leaves grow to form seedlings, fresh water is poured for 2-5 times every day;
before the seedling is mature, controlling the salinity of the soil to be 5-10 per mill by watering.
It should be noted that, in the invention, the nursery is located in the near-shore high tide beach and in the saline water soaking area, the time for soaking the hypocotyls in seawater and the salinity of the seawater should be strictly controlled before the hypocotyls germinate, so as to avoid the influence of the long-time soaking of the hypocotyls in the seawater or the overhigh salinity of the seawater on the germination rate of the hypocotyls. Wherein, in 1-20 days after sowing, fresh water is poured for 3-5 times every day in order to ensure that the embryonic axis has sufficient moisture. And (3) after the embryonic axis germinates and two true leaves grow to form seedlings, fresh water is poured for 2-5 times every day. In the selection of watering time, fresh water is required to be timely watered after the ebb tide is removed every day, the fresh water can not only replenish the water required by the growth of the nursery stock, but also wash mud on the leaves of the seedling and timely adjust the salinity of the nursery stock, so that the salinity of the nursery stock is controlled within the salinity range suitable for the growth of the nursery stock, and preferably, the salinity of the soil is controlled within 5-10 per mill by watering before the seedling is mature. In addition, in the process of seedling culture, attention is paid to observing the growth condition of seedlings, the salinity change of a nursery land is observed, and the seedlings are prevented from being damaged due to overhigh salinity.
It should be noted that soil salinity will directly affect the growth of the positive mangrove before the seedling is mature. The temperature of the seedling raising land for the positive mangrove is generally higher, and the soil has certain salinity, so that the transpiration efficiency of the leaves can be reduced, the water content of the leaves can be kept, and the positive mangrove seedling raising land is suitable for a high-temperature environment. When the salinity of the soil is less than 5 per mill, the transpiration efficiency of the leaves is improved, the seedlings are not beneficial to growth, and the seedlings are easy to die due to water shortage. On the contrary, when the salinity of the soil is more than 10 per mill, the salinity of the soil is too high, and the survival rate of the seedlings is greatly reduced.
In the whole seedling growth process, reasonable fertilization is beneficial to strengthening seedlings and improving the stress resistance of the seedlings. Preferably, the fertilised fertiliser comprises farmyard manure and/or chemical fertiliser. Sufficient farmyard manure and phosphate fertilizer can be added into the artificially prepared nutrition, and then the fertilizer is properly applied for 3-5 times in combination with the growth condition of the nursery stock. And (3) spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times in the seedling stage. The fertilizer application follows the principle of 'organic fertilizer is used as a main part, chemical fertilizer is used as an auxiliary part, and a small amount of fertilizer is used for multiple times', and the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer are mutually promoted to be matched, so that the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium reach the optimal proportion. Finally, in order to improve the lignification degree and the afforestation survival rate of the nursery stock, the nursery stock can not be fertilized one month before the nursery stock is produced.
Furthermore, the growth condition of the seedlings is combined, and the seedlings are regularly sprayed with insecticidal and bactericidal agents, so that prevention is mainly achieved and comprehensive treatment is achieved. The insect pest is mainly caused by the fact that crabs damage roots and stems of the crabs, and leaf rolling is caused by the weaving of cabbage moths and spiders. Preferably, 1.8 percent of abamectin emulsifiable solution is diluted 3000 times by water to obtain the insecticidal and bactericidal solution, and the insecticidal and bactericidal solution is sprayed to insect pest parts. The spraying frequency of the insecticidal and bactericidal liquid is once every 5 to 7 days, and the spraying frequency is 3 to 4 times in total. Besides, a trap lamp can be arranged to trap and kill the imagoes.
And (4) outplanting the nursery trees to finish seedling culture. Under scientific cultivation management, the embryonic axis is grown into seedlings, healthy seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests and with good growth are selected for outplanting, preferably, the seedlings can be outplanted when the height of the seedlings reaches more than 40 cm, and seedling cultivation is finished. Preferably, when the height of the nursery stock reaches 50-80 cm, the nursery stock is taken out of the nursery, and seedling culture is completed.
Preferably, in order to improve the salt resistance and the lignification degree of the nursery stock, the nursery stock is quickly adapted to the afforestation environment, the seedling reviving period is shortened, the afforestation survival rate is improved, and the seedling hardening is carried out before the afforestation. The hardening-seedling is in-situ root cutting and temporary planting hardening-seedling or in-situ temporary planting and hardening-seedling.
The in-situ root-breaking and temporary-planting seedling hardening process comprises the steps of performing root-breaking seedling hardening on a seedling which reaches the afforestation specification and has a root which is penetrated by a bag, slightly prying up the seedling from the bottom of the seedling by using a small shovel, pulling up the seedling and the bag to break the nutrition bag and stretch the nutrition bag into underground roots, and then, placing the seedling in place and neatly performing temporary-planting maintenance. The process of remote temporary planting and hardening off seedlings is as follows: and (3) keeping the nursery stock with sufficient water every day within 7 days after the nursery stock is pulled up and the root is cut off, and irrigating fresh water at least 1-2 times every day. And then, the fresh water amount is reduced, the seawater is periodically submerged as much as possible, the salt resistance and the lignification degree of the nursery stock are enhanced, and the afforestation survival rate is improved. The total seedling hardening time is 30 days, in order to save cost, the seedlings can be transported to a forestation area in advance for hardening, and forestation can be carried out after the seedling hardening is finished.
For a better understanding of the inventive aspects, the present specification provides the following examples to illustrate:
example 1
A seedling raising method of a positive mangrove comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a near-shore high tide beach as a nursery address, and preparing a seedling culture substrate and a seedling culture container;
the coastal high tide beaches can be periodically submerged by seawater, and the submerged water level of the seawater is 20 cm.
(2) Selecting and disinfecting embryonic axis, sowing the disinfected embryonic axis into a nutrition bag filled with a seedling culture medium, and shading;
the embryonic axis is mature, fresh and free of plant diseases and insect pests in a seedling culture place; the disinfection method of the embryonic axis is to take out the embryonic axis after soaking the embryonic axis in carbendazim or chlorothalonil solution for 10 minutes.
The seedling substrate is artificially prepared nutrient soil, and comprises the following components: 60% of laterite, 30% of cow dung and 10% of sandy soil;
wherein, each cubic meter of organic cow dung contains 80 kilograms of calcium phosphate; and fully and uniformly stirring the red soil, the cow dung and the sandy soil, covering with a film for composting, and obtaining the artificially prepared nutrient soil after the red soil, the cow dung and the sandy soil are fully decomposed.
The shading method comprises the following steps: shading is carried out by adopting a shading net with 70% of transmittance, and the shading is divided into three stages:
the first stage is as follows: covering a sunshade net every day before the embryonic axis germinates;
and a second stage: after the embryonic axis germinates and grows two true leaves to form a seedling, keeping a sunshade net for sunshade every 10 am to 4 pm, and lifting the sunshade net for hardening the seedling in the rest time;
and a third stage: and after the seedlings are mature, opening the sunshade net.
(3) Watering, fertilizing, killing insects and sterilizing the sowed hypocotyls to realize the growth of the hypocotyls into seedlings;
the watering comprises:
fresh water is poured for 4 times every day on the 1 st to 20 th days after sowing;
after the embryonic axis germinates and two true leaves grow to form seedlings, fresh water is poured for 5 times every day;
before the seedlings are mature, controlling the salinity of the soil to be 8 per thousand by watering.
The insecticidal sterilization process comprises the following steps:
diluting 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate by 3000 times with water to obtain a pesticidal and bactericidal liquid, and spraying the pesticidal and bactericidal liquid to a pest part;
the spraying frequency of the insecticidal and bactericidal liquid is once per 7 days, and the spraying frequency is 4 times.
(4) And when the height of the nursery stock reaches 70 cm, the nursery stock is taken out of the nursery, and the seedling is grown.
Hardening the seedlings of the nursery stock after the nursery stock is out of the nursery;
the seedling hardening method is to perform in-situ root cutting and temporary planting seedling hardening.
Example 2
A seedling raising method of a positive mangrove comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a near-shore high tide beach as a nursery address, and preparing a seedling culture substrate and a seedling culture container;
the coastal high tide beaches can be periodically submerged by seawater, and the submerged water level of the seawater is 15 cm.
(2) Selecting and disinfecting embryonic axis, sowing the disinfected embryonic axis into a nutrition bag filled with a seedling culture medium, and shading;
the embryonic axis is mature, fresh and free of plant diseases and insect pests in a seedling culture place; the disinfection method of the embryonic axis is to take out the embryonic axis after soaking the embryonic axis in carbendazim or chlorothalonil solution for 10 minutes.
The seedling substrate is raw soil.
The shading method comprises the following steps: shading is carried out by adopting a shading net with the transmittance of 60 percent, and the shading is divided into three stages:
the first stage is as follows: covering a sunshade net every day before the embryonic axis germinates;
and a second stage: after the embryonic axis germinates and grows two true leaves to form a seedling, keeping a sunshade net for sunshade every 10 am to 4 pm, and lifting the sunshade net for hardening the seedling in the rest time;
and a third stage: and after the seedlings are mature, opening the sunshade net.
(3) Watering, fertilizing, killing insects and sterilizing the sowed hypocotyls to realize the growth of the hypocotyls into seedlings;
the watering comprises:
fresh water is poured for 5 times every day on the 1 st to 20 th days after sowing;
after the embryonic axis germinates and two true leaves grow to form seedlings, fresh water is poured for 5 times every day;
before the seedlings mature, the salinity of the soil is controlled to be 5 per thousand by watering.
The insecticidal sterilization process comprises the following steps:
diluting 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate by 3000 times with water to obtain a pesticidal and bactericidal liquid, and spraying the pesticidal and bactericidal liquid to a pest part;
the spraying frequency of the insecticidal and bactericidal liquid is once per 5 days, and the spraying frequency is 3 times.
(4) And when the height of the nursery stock reaches 60 cm, the nursery stock is taken out of the nursery, and the seedling is grown.
Hardening the seedlings of the nursery stock after the nursery stock is out of the nursery;
the seedling exercising method is to exercise seedlings by temporary planting in different places.
Experimental example 3
A seedling raising method of a positive mangrove comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a near-shore high tide beach as a nursery address, and preparing a seedling culture substrate and a seedling culture container;
the coastal high tide beaches can be periodically submerged by seawater, and the submerged water level of the seawater is 25 cm.
(2) Selecting and disinfecting embryonic axis, sowing the disinfected embryonic axis into a nutrition bag filled with a seedling culture medium, and shading;
the embryonic axis is mature, fresh and free of plant diseases and insect pests in a seedling culture place; the disinfection method of the embryonic axis is to take out the embryonic axis after soaking the embryonic axis in carbendazim or chlorothalonil solution for 80 minutes.
The seedling substrate is foreign soil.
The shading method comprises the following steps: shading is carried out by adopting a shading net with 70% of transmittance, and the shading is divided into three stages:
the first stage is as follows: covering a sunshade net every day before the embryonic axis germinates;
and a second stage: after the embryonic axis germinates and grows two true leaves to form a seedling, keeping a sunshade net for sunshade every 10 am to 4 pm, and lifting the sunshade net for hardening the seedling in the rest time;
and a third stage: and after the seedlings are mature, opening the sunshade net.
(3) Watering, fertilizing, killing insects and sterilizing the sowed hypocotyls to realize the growth of the hypocotyls into seedlings;
the watering comprises:
fresh water is poured for 3 times every day on the 1 st to 20 th days after sowing;
after the embryonic axis germinates and two true leaves grow to form seedlings, fresh water is poured for 2 times every day;
before the seedlings mature, the salinity of the soil is controlled to be 10 per thousand by watering.
The insecticidal sterilization process comprises the following steps:
diluting 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate by 3000 times with water to obtain a pesticidal and bactericidal liquid, and spraying the pesticidal and bactericidal liquid to a pest part;
the spraying frequency of the insecticidal and bactericidal liquid is once per 7 days, and the spraying frequency is 4 times.
(4) And when the height of the nursery stock reaches 50 cm, the nursery stock is taken out of the nursery, and the seedling is grown.
Hardening the seedlings of the nursery stock after the nursery stock is out of the nursery;
the seedling hardening method is to perform in-situ root cutting and temporary planting seedling hardening.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is that in step (3), before the seedling is mature, soil salinity is controlled at 15 per thousand by watering.
Example 5
The difference from example 1 is that in step (3), before the seedling is mature, the soil salinity is controlled to be 1 per thousand by watering.
Example 6
The difference from example 1 is that in step (4), the nursery stock is not acclimatized and is directly afforested after being outplanted.
Comparative example 1
A seedling raising method of a positive mangrove comprises the following steps:
the difference from the example 1 is that in the step (1), the near shore high tide beach can be periodically submerged by seawater, the submerged water level of the seawater is 30cm, and the rest is the same.
Comparative example 2
A seedling raising method of a positive mangrove comprises the following steps:
the difference from the example 1 is that in the step (1), the near shore high tide beach can be periodically submerged by seawater, the submerged water level of the seawater is 5cm, and the rest is the same.
Comparative example 3
A seedling raising method of a positive mangrove comprises the following steps:
the difference from example 1 is that the nursery site selection is different, and the rest is the same. Specifically, land areas far away from the sea water are selected as nursery addresses in step (1).
The germination rates of hypocotyls at the 4 th week of sowing and the survival rates of seedlings at the 7 th and 14 th weeks of sowing were measured in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3, and the results are shown in table 1. Meanwhile, afforesting the nursery stocks obtained in the examples 1-6 and the comparative examples 1-3, and observing the growth condition after one year:
TABLE 1 test results of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A seedling raising method for positive mangrove is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a near-shore high tide beach as a nursery address, and preparing a seedling culture substrate and a seedling culture container;
(2) selecting and disinfecting embryonic axis, sowing the disinfected embryonic axis into a seedling culture container filled with a seedling culture substrate, and shading;
(3) watering, fertilizing, killing insects and sterilizing the sowed hypocotyls to realize the growth of the hypocotyls into seedlings;
(4) when the height of the nursery stock reaches the preset height, the nursery stock can be taken out of the nursery to finish seedling raising;
the coastal high tide beaches can be periodically submerged by seawater, and the submerged water level of the seawater is 15-25 cm.
2. The method for raising seedlings of positive mangrove according to claim 1, wherein the seedling raising substrate is one or a combination of original soil, alien soil and artificially prepared nutrient soil;
the artificial nutrient soil preparation method comprises the following steps: 50-70% of laterite, 25-35% of cow dung and 5-15% of sandy soil;
wherein each cubic meter of the cow dung contains 50-100 kg of calcium phosphate;
and fully and uniformly stirring the red soil, the cow dung and the sandy soil, covering with a film for composting, and obtaining the artificially prepared nutrient soil after the red soil, the cow dung and the sandy soil are fully decomposed.
3. A method for raising seedlings of positive mangrove according to claim 1, wherein the hypocotyls are mature, fresh, pest-free hypocotyls of a seedling raising place;
the disinfection method of the embryonic axis is to take out the embryonic axis after soaking the embryonic axis in a carbendazim or chlorothalonil solution for 5-10 minutes.
4. The method for raising seedlings of orchids according to claim 1, wherein the method for sowing the hypocotyls in the step (2) comprises:
(2.1) watering the seedling raising container to be sowed;
and (2.2) inserting the embryonic axis into the seedling culture medium, wherein the inserting depth is 2-4 cm, and lightly pressing the basal part of the embryonic axis by hands to ensure that the embryonic axis is fully attached to the seedling culture medium.
5. The method for raising seedlings of positive mangrove according to claim 1, wherein the shade method in step (2) comprises: shading by adopting a shading net with the transmittance of 60% -80%, wherein the shading is divided into three stages:
the first stage is as follows: covering a sunshade net every day before the embryonic axis germinates;
and a second stage: after the embryonic axis germinates and grows two true leaves to form a seedling, keeping a sunshade net for sunshade every 10 am to 4 pm, and lifting the sunshade net for hardening the seedling in the rest time;
and a third stage: and after the seedlings are mature, opening the sunshade net.
6. The method for raising seedlings of positive mangrove according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the watering method comprises:
fresh water is poured for 3-5 times every day on the 1 st-20 th day after sowing;
after the embryonic axis germinates and two true leaves grow to form seedlings, fresh water is poured for 2-5 times every day;
before the seedling is mature, controlling the salinity of the soil to be 5-10 per mill by watering.
7. The method for raising seedlings of positive mangrove according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the fertilizer applied comprises farmyard manure and/or chemical fertilizer;
the insecticidal sterilization process comprises the following steps:
diluting 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate by 3000 times with water to obtain a pesticidal and bactericidal liquid, and spraying the pesticidal and bactericidal liquid to a pest part;
the spraying frequency of the insecticidal and bactericidal liquid is once every 5-7 days, and the spraying frequency is 3-4 times.
8. The method for raising seedlings of orchids according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), when the height of the seedlings reaches 40 cm, the seedlings are taken out of the nursery and the raising of seedlings is completed.
9. The method for raising seedlings of euonymus alatus according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), when the height of the seedlings reaches 50-80 cm, the seedlings are taken out of the nursery to finish raising the seedlings.
10. The method for raising seedlings of euonymus alatus according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the nursery stock is hardened after being outplanted;
the seedling hardening method is to perform in-situ root cutting and temporary planting and seedling hardening or perform temporary planting and seedling hardening in different places.
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