CN107306654B

CN107306654B - Cauliflower planting method

Info

Publication number: CN107306654B
Application number: CN201710696635.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄良勇
Original assignee: Chen Xiai
Current assignee: Chen Xiai
Priority date: 2017-08-15
Filing date: 2017-08-15
Publication date: 2020-09-25
Anticipated expiration: 2037-08-15
Also published as: CN107306654A

Abstract

The application discloses a planting method of cauliflower, including seed selection, soil preparation, grow seedlings, transplant, field management and harvest, when growing seedlings, arrange the shriveled cauliflower seed in the breeding bag, bury the breeding bag in soil again, above-mentioned cover 2~5 cm's soil, the nutrient solution that is 3~5 times of shriveled cauliflower seed volume is equipped with in the breeding bag, composition in the nutrient solution includes protein, starch and water, and the weight percentage of each component is protein 1~6%, starch 5~10%, water 84~94%, the breeding bag is made by degradable transparent material in 1~1.5 months. The invention adopts the seed-cultivating bag to provide a relatively closed environment suitable for germination for the shriveled cauliflower seeds, and the seeds do not contact with harmful bacteria and germs in soil, so that no plant diseases and insect pests are generated basically, the germination rate is more than 90 percent, and the defect that the shriveled cauliflower seeds can only be discarded and cannot be bred in a large scale in the conventional technology is overcome.

Description

Cauliflower planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a planting method of cauliflowers.

Background

Cauliflower, also known as cauliflower, cauliflower or broccoli, is a brassicaceous vegetable, a variant of cabbage. The head of the cauliflower is a white inflorescence, which is similar to the head of broccoli. The cauliflower is rich in vitamin B group and vitamin C group. These components are water soluble and easily lost by thermal decomposition, so that it is not suitable for cooking cauliflower at high temperature and water boiling. In-situ China sea coastline, the product organs are flower balls formed by polymerizing white, shortened, fat and tender flower buds, flower branches, flower stalks and the like, and the vegetable is a vegetable which has the advantages of low crude fiber content, fresh and tender quality, rich nutrition, delicious flavor and people like to eat.

When the cauliflower is planted, seedlings need to be raised firstly, the seedlings are raised by a bud division propagation method, a plant division propagation method and a seed propagation technology, the bud division propagation method and the plant division propagation method utilize vegetative propagation, namely propagation is carried out through rhizomes, but the propagation mode can only be carried out nearby, so most people select the seed propagation technology which is convenient to transport and store. After the seeds are collected, the seeds are sowed in the sowing period, the seeds for sowing are generally full particles, and the seeds for sowing are discarded aiming at the shrunken seeds, so that researches show that the seeds are not inactivated (mainly lose water), the seeds can germinate by direct sowing, but the germination rate is extremely low, and the direct discarding is bound to cause waste, so that the prior art needs to develop a planting method aiming at the seeds.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for planting cauliflowers, and aims to solve the problems that shrunken seeds cannot germinate or the germination rate is low in the prior art.

The planting method of the cauliflowers comprises the steps of seed selection, soil preparation, seedling raising, transplanting, field management and harvesting, during seedling raising, shriveled cauliflower seeds are placed in a breeding bag, the breeding bag is buried in soil, 2-5 cm of soil covers the breeding bag, nutrient solution which is 3-5 times of the shriveled cauliflower seeds is filled in the breeding bag, the components in the nutrient solution comprise protein, starch and water, the weight percentage of the components is 1-6% of the protein, 5-10% of the starch and 84-94% of the water, and the breeding bag is made of degradable transparent materials which are 1-1.5 months old.

The working principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the planting of cauliflower comprises soil preparation, seedling raising, transplanting, pest control and harvesting, seeds need to germinate during seedling raising, and the condition is that embryos with integrity and vitality have enough nutrition reserve and are not in a dormant period. The method adopts the shriveled cauliflower seeds for seedling culture, researches show that the shriveled cauliflower still has vitality, the only shortage is water and partial nutrient substances, the nutrient substances of the seeds are generally stored in endosperm, and the main components of the endosperm are water, starch and protein, so that the method prepares nutrient solution during seedling culture, then places the nutrient solution and the shriveled cauliflower seeds in a breeding bag, the shriveled cauliflower seeds absorb the water in the nutrient solution, the dormant state of the seeds is broken, and the seeds start to germinate; the nutrient substances needed in the germination process are provided by starch and protein in the nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution is only 3-5 times of the amount of the shriveled cauliflower seeds and just meets the requirement of water absorption of the shriveled seeds for breaking dormancy and germination, so that the seeds are not mildewed and rotten due to long-time soaking of the seeds because of excessive nutrient solution when placed in a breeding bag. The breeding bag is made of a degradable transparent material which is 1-1.5 months old, is transparent and light-permeable, can coat seeds and provide nutrition for the seeds, is equivalent to simulating an environment suitable for shrivelled seeds to germinate, can germinate faster and better when shrivelled cauliflower seeds are placed in the breeding bag, and basically germinates between 1-1.5 months, so that the degradable material is selected for the breeding bag in 1-1.5 months, the breeding bag is automatically degraded in soil, the nutrition is supplemented for the cauliflower, and the growth and development of cauliflower seedlings are promoted. The invention adopts the seed-cultivating bag to provide a relatively closed environment suitable for germination for the shriveled cauliflower seeds, and the seeds do not contact with harmful bacteria and germs in soil, so that no plant diseases and insect pests are generated basically, the germination rate is more than 90 percent, and the defect that the shriveled cauliflower seeds can only be discarded and cannot be bred in a large scale in the conventional technology is overcome.

Further, the breeding bag is column or anomalous shape, is equipped with a plurality of independent breeding districts separately in the breeding bag, and is a plurality of the upper portion in breeding district is equipped with the feed inlet of the long cylindricality that stretches out the soil layer, the upper portion of feed inlet is equipped with the lid with feed inlet lock. A plurality of independent breeding districts in the breeding bag, every breeding district all has independent charge door, and in the breeding, the charge door can stretch out the soil layer outside, because the breeding bag is transparent, stretches out the charge door outside the soil layer and just can receive external sunshine to provide the suitable temperature of seed germination and illumination.

Furthermore, the weight percentage of each component in the nutrient solution is 3% of protein, 7% of starch and 90% of water. The proportion is the proportion of the main components of the endosperm of the cauliflower seeds, and is more suitable for the germination and growth of the seeds.

Furthermore, the nutrient solution is sterilized in advance before being placed in the breeding bag, and a circulating air sterilizer is adopted during sterilization. The circulating air sterilizer consists of ultraviolet ray, efficient filter, electrostatic field, photocatalyst, etc. and can kill bacteria, fungi, spore, virus and other microbes in the breeding bag effectively.

Further, the breeding bags are made of biodegradable plastics prepared from plant starch. Easy degradation, no environmental pollution, and can be used as fertilizer to be supplemented into soil after degradation.

Further, before placing the shrunken cauliflower seeds in a seed breeding bag, the seeds are placed in a refrigerator at the temperature of-5 ℃ for 24-60 hours, and then immediately placed in hot water at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ for soaking for 2-6 min. In order to rapidly break the dormancy of the seeds and shorten the germination period, the seeds are firstly subjected to cold storage and hot water soaking treatment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of specific embodiments:

reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: a breeding bag 1, a breeding area 2, a feed inlet 3 and a cover 4.

As shown in figure 1, which is one example of the breeding bags, the breeding bags 1 are made of biodegradable plastics prepared from plant starch and are square, 9 breeding areas 2 which are independent from each other are arranged in the breeding bags 1, the upper parts of the 9 breeding areas 2 are provided with long cylindrical feeding ports 3 extending out of the soil layer, and the upper parts of the feeding ports 3 are provided with covers 4 buckled with the feeding ports 3.

The seed bag 1 may also be cylindrical or other irregular shape.

Example 1: a method for planting cauliflower comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting seeds, selecting cold-resistant, compact plant type, and compact flower ball, middle or early-maturing varieties such as white jade, Fuji green, autumn green, etc.

(2) Preparing soil, preparing before sowing, selecting a soil plough which is convenient for drainage and irrigation for seedling raising by using a seedbed, turning and sunning thoroughly, taking a furrow with the width of 1-1.5 m and the height of 20-25 cm as the seedbed, applying 10-15 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1-2 kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer to each square meter of the seedbed, uniformly mixing the fertilizer and soil after application, raking, crushing and leveling.

(3) And (2) seedling raising, namely putting shrunken cauliflower seeds in a freezer at the temperature of-5 ℃ in advance for 24-60 hours, then immediately putting the cauliflower seeds in hot water at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ for soaking for 2-6 minutes, then preparing nutrient solution with the components of 3% of protein, 7% of starch and 90% of water in percentage by weight, putting the seed raising bag 1 in a circulating air sterilizer for sterilization, adding the nutrient solution into the seed raising bag 1, adding the shrunken cauliflower seeds into the seed raising bag 1, wherein the weight ratio of the shrunken cauliflower seeds to the nutrient solution is 1:3, burying the seed raising bag 1 in a seedbed, and covering the seedbed with thin soil of 3-5 cm.

(4) Transplanting, wherein after sowing for 30 days after sowing, the seed-raising bag 1 is degraded, the height of the cauliflower seedling is about 15cm, and the cauliflower seedling can be transplanted when 5-6 true leaves are available; ploughing and preparing soil 7-10 days before field planting, ditching and deeply applying a base fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the base fertilizer is 2500 kilograms of decomposed pig and cattle manure, 25 kilograms of a compound fertilizer, 5 kilograms of a boron fertilizer and a calcium fertilizer are applied to each mu of land, the land is formed after soil preparation, the south and north direction of the land is planted in double rows of 1-1.2 meters of covering ditches, the height of the land is 20-30 cm, the planting row spacing is 40cm multiplied by 50cm, and 2200-2800 fixed seedlings are applied to each mu of land.

(5) Field management, watering: the cauliflower prefers rich water, is not hot and dry, is watered once in 5-7 days generally, is watered thoroughly, and is drained in time in rainy season to avoid root rot.

Topdressing: topdressing mainly comprises nitrogen fertilizers, topdressing is carried out timely in stages, 5 kg/mu of urea, 10 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, secondary dressing for 5-0 days, 25 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, 10 kg/kg of potassium sulfate and spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron fertilizer or 0.05-0.10% of borax and ammonium molybdate solution once at the initial formation stage of the flower ball are carried out 7-10 days after field planting, so that the quality of the flower ball is improved, and yellow buds and torpedo are reduced; meanwhile, the plant growth agent is sprayed on each mu of plants, so that the expansion of flower balls is promoted, the nutrition of crops is increased, and the stress resistance and disease resistance of the crops are improved.

Intertillage, hilling and bud picking: loosening soil and weeding are carried out before fertilization, and ridging is carried out after fertilization.

(6) Harvesting, wherein the flower ball at the top end of the cauliflower is fully expanded, the flower bud is not opened yet, the harvesting period is suitable when the flower bud particles feel slightly loosened, the harvesting is carried out in time, during the harvesting, the lower part of the flower ball with a flower stem of about 10cm is cut together, after the top ball is harvested, axillary buds of a plant germinate and rapidly grow a lateral branch, and the flower ball is formed at the top end of the lateral branch, namely the lateral flower ball. When the lateral ball grows to a certain size and the flower buds are not opened, harvesting can be carried out again, and harvesting is generally carried out for 2-3 times.

Example 2 differs from example 1 only in that a circular breeding bag is used, the weight percentage of the components in the nutrient solution is 1% protein, 5% starch and 94% water, and the weight ratio of the shrunken cauliflower seeds to the nutrient solution is 1: 5.

Example 3 differs from example 1 only in that a circular breeding bag is used, the weight percentage of the components in the nutrient solution is 6% protein, 10% starch and 84% water, and the weight ratio of the shrunken cauliflower seeds to the nutrient solution is 1: 4.

1kg of shriveled cauliflower seeds are averagely divided into 5 parts, each part is 200g, the seedlings are respectively grown by the method of the embodiment 1-3, the shriveled cauliflower seeds are placed in 3-5 times of water in the comparative example 1, the shriveled cauliflower seeds are directly buried in soil in the comparative example 2, the germination rate is observed after 30 days, and the records are as follows:

in conclusion, the embodiments 1 to 3 of the invention are suitable for germination of shriveled cauliflower seeds, the germination success rate is far higher than the level of the prior art, and meanwhile, the germinated plants basically have no plant diseases and insect pests, so that the shriveled cauliflower seeds can be utilized, and the waste of resources is reduced.

The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention, and common general knowledge in the field of known specific structures and characteristics is not described herein in any greater extent than that known in the art at the filing date or prior to the priority date of the application, so that those skilled in the art can now appreciate that all of the above-described techniques in this field and have the ability to apply routine experimentation before this date can be combined with one or more of the present teachings to complete and implement the present invention, and that certain typical known structures or known methods do not pose any impediments to the implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.

Claims

1. A planting method of cauliflowers comprises the steps of seed selection, land preparation, seedling raising, transplanting, field management and harvesting, and is characterized in that during seedling raising, shrunken cauliflower seeds are placed in a breeding bag, the breeding bag is buried in soil, 2-5 cm of soil covers the breeding bag, nutrient solution which is 3-5 times of the amount of the shrunken cauliflower seeds is filled in the breeding bag, the components in the nutrient solution comprise protein, starch and water, the weight percentage of each component is 1-6% of the protein, 5-10% of the starch and 84-94% of the water, and the breeding bag is made of degradable transparent materials for 1-1.5 months; wherein the shrunken cauliflower seeds are in a dehydrated state and are not inactivated; the breeding bag is square, circular or irregular in shape, is equipped with a plurality of independent breeding districts separately in the breeding bag, and is a plurality of the upper portion in breeding district is equipped with the feed inlet of the long column form that stretches out the soil layer, the upper portion of feed inlet is equipped with the lid with feed inlet lock.

2. The method for planting cauliflowers according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the weight percentage of each component in the nutrient solution is 3 percent of protein, 7 percent of starch and 90 percent of water.

3. The method for planting cauliflowers according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the nutrient solution is sterilized in advance before being placed in the breeding bag, and a circulating air sterilizer is adopted during sterilization.

4. The method for planting cauliflowers according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the breeding bag is made of biodegradable plastic prepared from plant starch.

5. The method for planting cauliflowers according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before placing the shrunken cauliflower seeds in a seed breeding bag, placing the seeds in a refrigerator at the temperature of-5 ℃ for 24-60 hours, and immediately placing the seeds in hot water at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ for soaking for 2-6 min.