CN104541927A - High-yield cultivation method of organic yacon - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method of organic yacon Download PDFInfo
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- CN104541927A CN104541927A CN201510050930.2A CN201510050930A CN104541927A CN 104541927 A CN104541927 A CN 104541927A CN 201510050930 A CN201510050930 A CN 201510050930A CN 104541927 A CN104541927 A CN 104541927A
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- soil
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- seedling
- smallantus sonchifolium
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- 235000003406 Polymnia sonchifolia Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001954 sterilising Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 15
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound 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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
A high-yield cultivation method of organic yacon includes the steps of selecting an environment, to be specific, an alpine area 700 to 1000 m in altitude, with a high day-night temperature difference and no pollution; treating and sterilizing seed tubers, to be specific, forcing germination of the seed tubers 30 days before sowing, performing dicing before forcing of germination, with each dice weighing 30 to 50 g, cutting radical buds open after the seed tubers germinate, with each dice bearing 1 to 2 buds, row spacing 0.8 to 1.0 m and plant spacing 0.4 to 0.5 m, and performing pruning and topping in time. During cultivation, timely pruning is required, and harvesting is generally performed when stem tips start withering, leaves start yellowing after being in contact with frost, overground parts wither or pulp turns orange yellow.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a planting fruit-trees, specifically refer to a kind of organic high-yield yacon cultivation method.
Background technology
Smallantus sonchifolium originates in the Andes from South America, and be tropical alpine crop, overground part is ramie seemingly, and underground grows stem tuber and block root successively, and along foundation growth is the stem tuber being similar to ginger, for breeding; Below stem tuber raw block root, the outer image sweet potato of block root, pulp is tasted, and mouthfeel is but the spitting image of water pears, and juice is many and glittering and translucent, fragrant and sweet crisp and refreshing.Smallantus sonchifolium belongs to low-calorie diet, enriches mineral matter containing the amino acid of a large amount of water-solubility vegetable fibres and abundant FOS and 18 kinds of needed by human and calcium iron etc.In Smallantus sonchifolium, FOS content is the highest in known all plants, and its content is 60% ~ 70% of dry matter, and FOS has short digestion, adjusts enteron aisle, the fat that purifies the blood, adjust blood, fall the health cares such as fiery detoxicating and do.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of organic high-yield yacon cultivation method, comprise the following steps:
Select height above sea level 700 ~ 1000m, weather is felt nice and cool, and day and night temperature is large, and the alpine region without any pollution plant, requires that fertile soil loosens, the sandy loam that soil layer is deep, and preserve moisture and fertility performance is good, can not the tableland of ponding, terraced fields, ground, gentle slope plant; Matrix configures: stir after Chinese medicine slag, cotton seed hull, sandy loam being prewetted, and adding wheat bran, corn flour successively, regulate acid-base value to pH 9.0 with limewash, is wherein Chinese medicine slag 10% according to mass fraction, wheat bran 5%, corn flour is 2%, cotton seed hull 20%, and all the other are sandy loam;
Vernalization, seedbed prepares: potato seed process, sterilization: Smallantus sonchifolium potato seed carries out vernalization in 30 days before broadcasting, stripping and slicing is wanted before vernalization, general every block heavily about 30-50 grams, after kind of stem radical bud sprouts, radical bud is cut open, every block has 1 ~ 2 bud, wrap up in wound sterilization with ash to wait to plant, the warming booth of moisturizing is directly put into by being separated the ball block of sterilizing, the moistening fine earth of ball block lower berth one deck or clean river sand, soil sand will keep certain humidity, then plastic film or straw is covered, the moisturizing of bud bed will be noted during vernalization, can not often water, avoid ponding, when kind of a spheroblast block sprouts growth formation leaf bud 1 centimetre, move on to light, temperature, gas, the soil environment that liquid manure is good is heeled in,
Plantation: line-spacing 0.8 ~ 1.0m, spacing in the rows 0.4 ~ 0.5m, first to turn over ridging, cave is dug by 50cm × 50cm specification, the dark 40cm in cave, executes well-rotted farmyard manure 3000 ~ 5000kg for every mu when ridging digs cave, and to the process of disinfecting soil desinsection, in kind of plant hole, every mu is spilt and executes tea seed cake fertile 25kg, quicklime 50kg, after mixing thoroughly with upper layer of soil, Smallantus sonchifolium kind block is planted in loam, earthing 5cm; Transplant planting adopts line-spacing 1 meter, spacing in the rows 0.6 meter.Just can transplant the furrow back dug when growing to 13-15 centimetres Deng nursery stock, about mu plants the strain of strain number 900, field planting is complete will water sufficient water, ensureing shallow sowing as far as possible on the basis survived, planting depth is generally with 5-6 centimetres, and during plantation, plant periphery wants grave mound tight, and the depth wants consistent, plant is basseted, be not stained with mud when watering slurry, ensures that cultivation seedling can be straight, do not press seedling, it is long that seedling should not reveal, and survives in case strong wind gets rid of seedling impact;
Field management: training is in time pinched, in cultivation, Smallantus sonchifolium should be pruned in time, rests in every strain and stays 3, and height of seedling 30 about cm carries out the 1st heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots pocket of hoeing up weeds, make that ridge is high brings up to 30 ~ 40 cm, execute appropriate farmyard manure again as base fertilizer deficiency before field planting and supplement; During 5 ~ 6 tongue leaf, hoe up weeds for 6 middle of the month 1 time again, depend upon circumstances later, the many overgrowing of grass are taken advantage of seedling and are just uprooted 1 time again, and careless little gesture is weak just not to be uprooted;
Diseases and pests controlling: Smallantus sonchifolium resistant to diseases and insects is strong, seldom damage by disease and insect occurs.Insect pest is soil insect and prodenia litura mainly, soil insect when sowing every mu execute 25kg tea seed cake fertilizer and prevent and treat, prodenia litura gyplure is trapped and killed.Mainly can there is bacterial wilt at low-lying slowly drained soil or continuous cropping plot in disease, execute 50kg quicklime and control for every mu by crop rotation and when sowing;
Gather: picking time is generally start to wither at plant stem apex, meets white rear blade and starts yellow, acrial part is withered or gather when pulp transfers to orange-yellow, loose two sides dead furrow is first dug when gathering, Smallantus sonchifolium of slowly choosing up turns over, and then use sharp knife from Bottoming, excision face must not be greater than 2 centimetres, otherwise wound easily rots, after Smallantus sonchifolium is gathered, the place of shady and cool ventilation is placed on, not contact with water, otherwise become green soon, quality is had an impact.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below.
Select height above sea level 700 ~ 1000m, weather is felt nice and cool, and day and night temperature is large, and the alpine region without any pollution plant, requires that fertile soil loosens, the sandy loam that soil layer is deep, and preserve moisture and fertility performance is good, can not the tableland of ponding, terraced fields, ground, gentle slope plant; Matrix configures: stir after Chinese medicine slag, cotton seed hull, sandy loam being prewetted, and adding wheat bran, corn flour successively, regulate acid-base value to pH 9.0 with limewash, is wherein Chinese medicine slag 10% according to mass fraction, wheat bran 5%, corn flour is 2%, cotton seed hull 20%, and all the other are sandy loam;
Vernalization, seedbed prepares: potato seed process, sterilization: Smallantus sonchifolium potato seed carries out vernalization in 30 days before broadcasting, stripping and slicing is wanted before vernalization, general every block heavily about 30-50 grams, after kind of stem radical bud sprouts, radical bud is cut open, every block has 1 ~ 2 bud, wrap up in wound sterilization with ash to wait to plant, the warming booth of moisturizing is directly put into by being separated the ball block of sterilizing, the moistening fine earth of ball block lower berth one deck or clean river sand, soil sand will keep certain humidity, then plastic film or straw is covered, the moisturizing of bud bed will be noted during vernalization, can not often water, avoid ponding, when kind of a spheroblast block sprouts growth formation leaf bud 1 centimetre, move on to light, temperature, gas, the soil environment that liquid manure is good is heeled in,
Plantation: line-spacing 0.8 ~ 1.0m, spacing in the rows 0.4 ~ 0.5m, first to turn over ridging, cave is dug by 50cm × 50cm specification, the dark 40cm in cave, executes well-rotted farmyard manure 3000 ~ 5000kg for every mu when ridging digs cave, and to the process of disinfecting soil desinsection, in kind of plant hole, every mu is spilt and executes tea seed cake fertile 25kg, quicklime 50kg, after mixing thoroughly with upper layer of soil, Smallantus sonchifolium kind block is planted in loam, earthing 5cm; Transplant planting adopts line-spacing 1 meter, spacing in the rows 0.6 meter.Just can transplant the furrow back dug when growing to 13-15 centimetres Deng nursery stock, about mu plants the strain of strain number 900, field planting is complete will water sufficient water, ensureing shallow sowing as far as possible on the basis survived, planting depth is generally with 5-6 centimetres, and during plantation, plant periphery wants grave mound tight, and the depth wants consistent, plant is basseted, be not stained with mud when watering slurry, ensures that cultivation seedling can be straight, do not press seedling, it is long that seedling should not reveal, and survives in case strong wind gets rid of seedling impact;
Field management: training is in time pinched, in cultivation, Smallantus sonchifolium should be pruned in time, rest in every strain and stay 3, every strain stays the impact of a quantity on quality to see the following form, and harvest time, 30 strains were examined or check in each process at random, result with stay 3 best, output is the highest, and individual plant block root gross weight 3.2 kg, is significantly higher than 1.9 kg of 2 2.4 kg and 1, and the bulk radical of 3 5.8, is also significantly higher than 4.6 of 2 and 1 3.9.Therefore, in plantation Smallantus sonchifolium branch growth animated period (8, September
Part) should prune in time, grasp every nest and stay 3 healthy and strong branches as well.Height of seedling 30 about cm carries out the 1st heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots pocket of hoeing up weeds, and makes that ridge is high brings up to 30 ~ 40 cm, executes appropriate farmyard manure again supplement as base fertilizer deficiency before field planting; During 5 ~ 6 tongue leaf, hoe up weeds for 6 middle of the month 1 time again, depend upon circumstances later, the many overgrowing of grass are taken advantage of seedling and are just uprooted 1 time again, and careless little gesture is weak just not to be uprooted;
Diseases and pests controlling: Smallantus sonchifolium resistant to diseases and insects is strong, seldom damage by disease and insect occurs.Insect pest is soil insect and prodenia litura mainly, soil insect when sowing every mu execute 25kg tea seed cake fertilizer and prevent and treat, prodenia litura gyplure is trapped and killed.Mainly can there is bacterial wilt at low-lying slowly drained soil or continuous cropping plot in disease, execute 50kg quicklime and control for every mu by crop rotation and when sowing;
Gather: picking time is generally start to wither at plant stem apex, meets white rear blade and starts yellow, acrial part is withered or gather when pulp transfers to orange-yellow, loose two sides dead furrow is first dug when gathering, Smallantus sonchifolium of slowly choosing up turns over, and then use sharp knife from Bottoming, excision face must not be greater than 2 centimetres, otherwise wound easily rots, after Smallantus sonchifolium is gathered, the place of shady and cool ventilation is placed on, not contact with water, otherwise become green soon, quality is had an impact.Through storage test, sandy soil mound storage or diaphragm seal storage is taked to be advisable.The method of sandy soil mound storage is one deck Smallantus sonchifolium one deck sandy soil, preserves and does not occur rotting at the end of 2 months next year, starts March to occur successively rotting, and still have about 20% good fruit to May, pulp is faint yellow, and mouthfeel is better.Diaphragm seal is preserved, in the packing case of 5kg or 10kg dress, spread food package film, and sack is tightened in vanning, can preserve at the end of of 2 months.Visible, the storage key of Smallantus sonchifolium is sealing, moisturizing, about 3 months general storage period, and when listing is sold, suggestion adopts blister-pack case sealing storage, is convenient to transport and sells.
Claims (1)
1. an organic high-yield yacon cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
(1) environmental selection: select height above sea level 700 ~ 1000m, weather is felt nice and cool, and day and night temperature is large, and the alpine region without any pollution plant, requires that fertile soil loosens, the sandy loam that soil layer is deep, and preserve moisture and fertility performance is good, can not the tableland of ponding, terraced fields, ground, gentle slope plant; Matrix configures: stir after Chinese medicine slag, cotton seed hull, sandy loam being prewetted, and adding wheat bran, corn flour successively, regulate acid-base value to pH 9.0 with limewash, is wherein Chinese medicine slag 10% according to mass fraction, wheat bran 5%, corn flour is 2%, cotton seed hull 20%, and all the other are sandy loam;
(2) vernalization, seedbed prepares: potato seed process, sterilization: Smallantus sonchifolium potato seed carries out vernalization in 30 days before broadcasting, stripping and slicing is wanted before vernalization, general every block heavily about 30-50 grams, after kind of stem radical bud sprouts, radical bud is cut open, every block has 1 ~ 2 bud, wrap up in wound sterilization with ash to wait to plant, the warming booth of moisturizing is directly put into by being separated the ball block of sterilizing, the moistening fine earth of ball block lower berth one deck or clean river sand, soil sand will keep certain humidity, then plastic film or straw is covered, the moisturizing of bud bed will be noted during vernalization, can not often water, avoid ponding, when kind of a spheroblast block sprouts growth formation leaf bud 1 centimetre, move on to light, temperature, gas, the soil environment that liquid manure is good is heeled in,
(3) plant: line-spacing 0.8 ~ 1.0m, spacing in the rows 0.4 ~ 0.5m, first to turn over ridging, cave is dug by 50cm × 50cm specification, the dark 40cm in cave, executes well-rotted farmyard manure 3000 ~ 5000kg for every mu when ridging digs cave, and to the process of disinfecting soil desinsection, in kind of plant hole, every mu is spilt and executes tea seed cake fertile 25kg, quicklime 50kg, after mixing thoroughly with upper layer of soil, Smallantus sonchifolium kind block is planted in loam, earthing 5cm; Transplant planting adopts line-spacing 1 meter, spacing in the rows 0.6 meter; Just can transplant the furrow back dug when growing to 13-15 centimetres Deng nursery stock, about mu plants the strain of strain number 900, field planting is complete will water sufficient water, ensureing shallow sowing as far as possible on the basis survived, planting depth is generally with 5-6 centimetres, and during plantation, plant periphery wants grave mound tight, and the depth wants consistent, plant is basseted, be not stained with mud when watering slurry, ensures that cultivation seedling can be straight, do not press seedling, it is long that seedling should not reveal, and survives in case strong wind gets rid of seedling impact;
(4) field management: training is in time pinched, in cultivation, Smallantus sonchifolium should be pruned in time, rests in every strain and stays 3, and height of seedling 30 about cm carries out the 1st heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots pocket of hoeing up weeds, make that ridge is high brings up to 30 ~ 40 cm, execute appropriate farmyard manure again as base fertilizer deficiency before field planting and supplement; During 5 ~ 6 tongue leaf, hoe up weeds for 6 middle of the month 1 time again, depend upon circumstances later, the many overgrowing of grass are taken advantage of seedling and are just uprooted 1 time again, and careless little gesture is weak just not to be uprooted;
(5) diseases and pests controlling: Smallantus sonchifolium resistant to diseases and insects is strong, seldom damage by disease and insect occurs; Insect pest is soil insect and prodenia litura mainly, soil insect when sowing every mu execute 25kg tea seed cake fertilizer and prevent and treat, prodenia litura gyplure is trapped and killed, mainly can there is bacterial wilt at low-lying slowly drained soil or continuous cropping plot in disease, execute 50kg quicklime and control for every mu by crop rotation and when sowing;
(6) gather: picking time is generally start to wither at plant stem apex, meets white rear blade and starts yellow, acrial part is withered or gather when pulp transfers to orange-yellow, loose two sides dead furrow is first dug when gathering, Smallantus sonchifolium of slowly choosing up turns over, and then use sharp knife from Bottoming, excision face must not be greater than 2 centimetres, otherwise wound easily rots, after Smallantus sonchifolium is gathered, the place of shady and cool ventilation is placed on, not contact with water, otherwise become green soon, quality is had an impact.
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| CN105123246A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-09 | 安徽格瑞农业开发有限公司 | Organic cultivation method for yacon trees |
| CN105557261A (en) * | 2015-12-19 | 2016-05-11 | 陈�基 | Method for cultivating smallanthus sonchifolius |
| CN108419622A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-08-21 | 六枝特区舰航种养殖场 | A kind of implantation methods improving yacon quality |
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