CN107318451A - Sorghum two is than empty many plants of planting culture methods - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of sorghum two than empty many plants of planting culture methods, it is made up of following steps：A, selection breeding, the compact resistance to dense planting of selection plant type, of short stem, resistant to lodging, disease and insect resistance, and breeding time suitable superior hybrid crosses sorghum variety；B, fine site preparation, C, raising seeding quality, sowing seeding row spacing is that narrow row line-spacing is 40 50 cm, wide row line-spacing is 80 100 cm, that is, plants the empty ridge in two ridges, double strains or three plants per cave, double strain point distances are 20-26 cm, and the cm of three strain point distance 25 35, mu stays 8800-13300 plants of seedling；D, enhancement of field management, E, apply fertilizers scientifically, F, preventing and treating pest and disease damage, in good time G, harvesting.Every mu of common planting technology of ratio of this cropping pattern is a variety of to plant 4500 plants or so, and yield per unit area is significantly increased, because that every the empty ridge in two ridges, can make full use of Dominance in border row, reach maximum ventilation and penetrating light effect, and easy access, be easy to field management.

Description

Sorghum two is than empty many plants of planting culture methods

Technical field

The present invention relates to sorghum planting technology, specifically a kind of cultural method for improving sorghum yield per unit area.

Background technology

Sorghum, is one of China's staple food crop, and it is C4 crops, and photosynthetic efficiency is high, can obtain higher It is biological

Yield and economic flow rate.Sorghum has unique resistance and adaptability, with drought resisting, waterlogging-resistant, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, it is barren-resistant, High temperature resistant, the resistance to multiple resistance such as cool, no matter Plain fertilizer ground, or arid hills, barren mountain area can be planted.Sorghum product Widely used, economic value is high, both edible, feeding, and wine brewing etc. can be processed again.With animal husbandry, sorghum deep processing it is quick Development, the demand to sorghum will also be significantly increased.Sorghum production is carried forward vigorously, the yield of sorghum unit area is improved, to carrying High land utilization efficiency, develop eco-agriculture, increase farmers' income with realistic meaning.By China, agricultural land resourses are poor per capita The influence of weary and agricultural planting structure, China's sorghum cultivated area is difficult to be expanded.Lack system again in the agricultural production of current China Effective sorghum yield increasing planting technology pattern, therefore sorghum yield per unit area is improved just as very urgent research topic.

Present sorghum plantation is to wait line-spacing, general line-spacing 40-50cm, per one plant of cave, spacing in the rows 20--26cm, common soil fertility 450-500 kilograms of Chifeng area average yield per mu under the conditions of existing cultivation management.

The content of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of sorghum two than empty many plants of planting culture methods, it can be improved using this method Field microclimate environment, makes every row sorghum all in Dominance in border row state, is truly realized rational close planting, reaches maximum ventilation printing opacity Purpose, and improve lodging tolerance, a kind of effective way provided to improve sorghum yield per unit area.

Sorghum two is made up of than empty many plants of planting culture methods following steps：

A, selection breeding

It is main according to physical features, soil property, fertility state, the compact resistance to dense planting of selection plant type, of short stem, resistant to lodging, Resistant from kind Evil, and breeding time suitable superior hybrid crosses sorghum variety；To make full use of the Thermo-Photo sensitive of the season of growth, it is ensured that high temperature year high yield, Low temperature year stable yields；In the case that fertilizer and water condition is good, breeding time slightly longer cenospecies can be planted, on the contrary, the plot of barren or few fertilizer Breeding time short cenospecies can be planted；More late-maturing cenospecies is selected on hillock, and more precocious cenospecies is selected in depression；

B, fine site preparation

Fine site preparation is that sorghum ensures the important technique measure of full stand；Autumn site preparation stubble-cleaning, farm manure is applied, plough, harrow drag and continuously enter OK, ploughing depth 20-22 ㎝, accomplish that nothing is balked, no clod；Spring-time harrow is insulted on top in time when Second Year early spring soil thaws, and makes soil Reach thin, warm and sunny, flat, defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, be that sowing in time creates conditions；

C, raising seeding quality

Bask seeds：Spread seed out solarization 2-3 days, germination percentage and germinating energy can be improved by being basked seeds before broadcasting, received and maturity difference for evening Seed, effect of basking seeds is more preferable；

Vernalization is sowed：15 kilograms of selected seed, is watered 25 kilograms, soaks 6-8 hour, after pulling out in loading gunnysack, be placed on 25 DEG C- Vernalization is carried out under the conditions of 28 DEG C, telling white sharp youngster by sorghum is defined, be then placed on to cool to dry in the shade after place dries in the shade and sow, the seed of vernalization Finished in 3-4 hours, seed must not be shone in the sun；If sown area is big, sowing number of days is more, can to prevent bud long White race will be told to be put into cellar for storing things or warehouse shady place progress crouching bud, vernalization can prevent early sowing powder kind, improve emergence rate, be conducive to Precocity volume increase；

Date of seeding：The first tenday period of a month in May, when 5 centimetres of soil top layer temperature stabilization is by more than 12 DEG C, start sowing；Simultaneously according to soil Earth soil moisture content, accomplishes " how wet low temperature is sees temperature, and arid robs soil moisture content without rain ", sorghum sowing time should also be according to kind, soil property, physical features etc. Depending on condition；

Depth of planting：Depth of planting be 1.5-2.0 ㎝, soil moisture sowing it is more shallow, soil drought can suitably depth, most it is deep not Preferably more than 3 centimetres；

Sow seeding row spacing：Narrow row line-spacing is 40-50 cm, and wide row line-spacing is 80-100 cm, that is, plants the empty ridge in two ridges, double strains per cave Or three plants, double strain point distances are 20-26 cm, and three strain point distance 25-35 cm, mu stays 8800-13300 plants of seedling；Planting density wants root Depending on local cultivation level and breediness；A variety of 4000-4500 plants of the plants of every mu of common cropping pattern of ratio of this cropping pattern, it is single Position area output is significantly increased, and because planting the empty ridge in two ridges, can make full use of Dominance in border row, reaches the ventilation and penetrating light effect of maximum Really, and easy access, it is easy to field management；

D, enhancement of field management

Fill the gaps with seedlings, after sorghum emerges, seedling looked into time and filled the gaps with seedlings, the method filled the gaps with seedlings, one is to reseed, and two be to transplant；

Thinning, on the basis of seedling is complete, thinning is urgent, after seedling all sprouts, when growing 3 leaf, starts thinning, 5 leaves The plot of Shi Dingmiao, low-lying land and subterranean pest-insect harm weight, can take early thinning, the method for late final singling, in order to avoid cause to be short of seedling；

Shovel, carry out 3 times, sorghum shovels preferably early unsuitable evening, strives for that before rainy season comes cleared weeds have plowed big ridge, with reference to Shovel and remove tiller in time, be conducive to trunk diameter growth to develop, but tiller is stayed at the place of being short of seedling, in order to avoid waste nutrient；

E, apply fertilizers scientifically

Base manure, take different application processes the administration of base manure is because of methods of soil tillage, seeding method is different, and ridge culture is broken Spread fertilizer over the fields to plough under topsoil or combine to rake the soil level before ridge folder fertilizer or button ridge folder fertilizer, should the turning over of autumn ploughing and spread fertilizer over the fields, every mu is applied decomposed manure 3000 kilograms；

Seed manure, seed manure nitrogen, phosphorus compounding application, every mu of 10-15 kilograms of phosphoric acid diamines, every mu of 5-8 kilograms of urea, and synchronously apply life Thing bacterial manure（The huge biological Group Co., Ltd's production in Shandong）1000 grams/acre；Bio-bacterial manure not only contains a large amount of fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, solution Potassium active bacteria, also containing organic matter, humic acid and trace element；Fertilizer application amount can be not only saved, and soil can be solved Earth is hardened, increase edaphon content the problem of；Baijiang soil, saline-alkali soil, clay phosphorus shortage soil, increase Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates, nitrogen, phosphorus Ratio is with 1:2；

Topdress, sorghum jointing to booting is that sorghum needs fertilizer most period, is topdress most appropriate period, carries out 2 times Topdress；At jointing initial stage, carried out during 8-9 leaves of sorghum, be conducive to stalk to strengthen, promote the differentiation of branch stalk and small ear, every mu imposes 10 kilograms of urea；Topdress in boot stage for 2nd time, now topdress and reduce the degeneration of small ear, every mu imposes 5 kilograms of urea, and topdress knot Intertillage is closed to carry out；

Foliar fertilizer, due to the increase of seedling number, it is necessary to spray the zinc boron potassium calcium Rare Elements Preparations prepared, 50 grams every time of mu consumption, To increase yield；Late growth stage meets low temperature, to foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50 grams every time of consumption of mu, promotes ripe；

F, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

The Major Pests of sorghum have awns fly, grub, sorghum snout moth's larva, pink rice borer, aphid, mampava bipunctella, dichocrocis punctiferalis, and Major Diseases have dust-brand Disease, anthracnose, banded sclerotial blight, brown spot；It is wherein the most serious with aphid and sorghum smut, answer keypoint control；

Prevent and treat smut, carry out crop rotation in more than 3 years, to reduce bacteria containing amount in soil, with 0.5 kilogram of 20% carboxin wettable powder Add water 3 kilograms and mix 40 kilograms of sorghum seeds, vexed kind 4 hours is sowed after drying；

Kaoliang aphid is prevented and treated, with 5% thimet granule smoked kill, every mu, with 200 grams of thimet, is converted 5-10 kilograms of sandy soil, is sprinkled into ridge Ditch, 1 ridge is spread every 12 ridges；Early stage sprays 10 grams of 20% Acetamiprid and is watered 30 kilograms, there is good prevention effect；

G, in good time harvesting

Appropriate evening is received, and nutrient of the sorghum in the ripe later stage, stalk can be transformed into seed, in the case that condition is suitable, suitably Evening receives, and can improve sorghum maturity, hence it is evident that improve yield.

The advantage of the invention is that：

1st, every mu of common planting technology of ratio of this cropping pattern is a variety of plants 4500 plants or so, and yield per unit area is significantly increased, because every Every the empty ridge in two ridges, Dominance in border row can be made full use of, maximum ventilation and penetrating light effect, and easy access is reached, just In field management.

2nd, this planting patterns reduces spacing in the rows, increases hill spacing, while double strains or three plants grow together, root system it is intertwining Together, lodging tolerance is improved.

3rd, this planting patterns sowing operating method is simple, as long as four casees seeders are removed a middle Seeding box, changes into Double grains or three seed trays can be sowed.

4th, this cropping pattern is not only suitable for film-covering planting, again can drip irrigation plantation.Both it had been adapted to single household's plantation, had been more suitable for big Area is promoted.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is prior art cropping pattern schematic diagram；

Fig. 2 is the present invention per two plants of cave plantation schematic diagram.

Fig. 3 is the present invention per cave three-plant planting schematic diagram.

Embodiment

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

By Fig. 1 it can be seen that existing cropping pattern, its line-spacing is 40-50 centimetres, 20-26 centimetres of spacing in the rows, one plant per hole.

It can see by Fig. 2, Fig. 3, be wide-narrow row planting, narrow row line-spacing is 40-50 cm, and wide row line-spacing is 80-100 Cm, that is, plant the empty ridge in two ridges, double strains or three plants per cave, and double strain point distances are 20-26 cm, and three strain point distance 25-35 cm, mu stays seedling 8800-13300 plants.

The inventive method field test

Embodiment 1

2015 in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Chifeng City Wengniute Banner end of the bridge town and Wengniute Banner the North Fen Di towns respectively by the present invention Method plants 5 pieces of ground.

Experimental plot situation：Totally 108 mu of 10 pieces of experimental plot areas, experimental field preceding stubble is millet.

A, selection kind：10 pieces of experimental plot kinds are from local main miscellaneous No. one of varieties of plant Ao.

B, fine site preparation, autumn site preparation stubble-cleaning, apply farm manure, plough, harrow drag and be carried out continuously, ploughing depth 20-22 ㎝, and second Spring-time harrow is insulted on top during year early spring soil defrosting.

C, raising seeding quality

Bask seeds：Spread seed out solarization 2 days, vernalization sowing：15 kilograms of selected seed, is watered 25 kilograms, soaks 8 hours, after pulling out Load in gunnysack, carry out vernalization under the conditions of being placed on 25 DEG C -28 DEG C, telling white sharp youngster by sorghum is defined.

Date of seeding：8-9 days May, depth of planting is 1.5-2.0 ㎝.

Sow seeding row spacing：Narrow row line-spacing be 40 cm, 45 cm, 50 cm, wide row line-spacing be 80 cm, 90 cm, 100 cm, The empty ridge in two ridges is planted, double strains or three plants per cave, double strain point distances are 25 cm, and the cm of three strain point distance 35, mu stays seedling 10000- 13000 plants；

D, enhancement of field management

Fill the gaps with seedlings, thinning, when sorghum grows 3 leaf, starts thinning, final singling during 5 leaf.

Shovel, carry out 3 times, before rainy season comes, cleared weeds have plowed big ridge, and tiller is removed in time with reference to shoveling, but Tiller is stayed at the place that is short of seedling, in order to avoid waste nutrient.

E, apply fertilizers scientifically

Base manure, is spread fertilizer over the fields to autumn ploughing before turning over and ploughs under topsoil, and every mu is applied 3000 kilograms of decomposed manure；

Seed manure, seed manure nitrogen, phosphorus compounding application, every mu of 15 kilograms of phosphoric acid diamines, every mu of 8 kilograms of urea, and synchronously apply biological bacteria Fertilizer（The huge biological Group Co., Ltd's production in Shandong）1000 grams/acre；

Topdress, at jointing initial stage, carried out during 8-9 leaves of sorghum, every mu imposes 10 kilograms of urea；Topdress in boot stage for 2nd time, Every mu imposes 5 kilograms of urea, topdresses and is carried out with reference to intertillage；

Foliar fertilizer, sprays the zinc boron potassium calcium Rare Elements Preparations prepared（Hebei province Guangping County day Foucault skill agrochemical Co., Ltd Production）, 50 grams every time of mu consumption, to increase yield；

Smut is prevented and treated, crop rotation in more than 3 years is carried out, to reduce bacteria containing amount in soil.

Harvest, harvesting in 5-8 days October.

Control：Using traditional planting models, line-spacing is waited to plant, 40-50 centimetres of line-spacing, one plant per hole, 25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu 8000-9000 plants of seedling is stayed, adjacent plot is selected with embodiment 1, kind is identical, and base fertilizer is identical, and other cultivation steps are identical, 10 Block experimental field yield comparison is tested.

Test 1 implantation methods of the present invention and existing cropping pattern yield comparison experiment (end of the bridge town)

Implantation methods yield of the present invention

Testing site time	1	2	3	4	5	Average product
							Many plants of plantation yield（Kg/ mus）	708	736	725	813	805	757.4

Existing cropping pattern yield

Testing site time	1	2	3	4	5	Average product
							Traditional mode plants yield（Kg/ mus）	454	466	545	523	515	500.6

Test 2 implantation methods of the present invention and existing cropping pattern yield comparison experiment (the North Fen Di towns)

Implantation methods yield of the present invention

Testing site time	1	2	3	4	5	Average product
							Many plants of plantation yield（Kg/ mus）	673	656	700	726	725	696

Existing cropping pattern yield

Testing site time	1	2	3	4	5	Average product
							Traditional mode plants yield（Kg/ mus）	408	416	457	439	434	430.8

Experiment is drawn the following conclusions more than：Pattern of the present invention plants sorghum, 726.7 kgs/acre of average product.Existing kind Implant model sorghum, 465.7 kgs/acre of average product.Pattern of the present invention plants sorghum compared with existing cropping pattern sorghum, average Yield increases by 261 kgs/acre.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of sorghum two is than empty many plants of planting culture methods, it is characterised in that：It is made up of following steps：

A, selection breeding

It is main according to physical features, soil property, fertility state, the compact resistance to dense planting of selection plant type, of short stem, resistant to lodging, Resistant from kind Evil, and breeding time suitable superior hybrid crosses sorghum variety；

B, fine site preparation

Fine site preparation is that sorghum ensures the important technique measure of full stand；Autumn site preparation stubble-cleaning, farm manure is applied, plough, harrow drag and continuously enter OK, ploughing depth 20-22 ㎝, spring-time harrow is insulted on top in time when Second Year early spring soil thaws, and soil is reached under thin, warm and sunny, flat, upper void It is real, it is that sowing in time creates conditions；

C, raising seeding quality

Bask seeds：Spread seed out solarization 2-3 days, germination percentage and germinating energy can be improved by being basked seeds before broadcasting, received and maturity difference for evening Seed, effect of basking seeds is more preferable；

Vernalization is sowed：15 kilograms of selected seed, is watered 25 kilograms, soaks 6-8 hour, after pulling out in loading gunnysack, be placed on 25 DEG C- Vernalization is carried out under the conditions of 28 DEG C, telling white sharp youngster by sorghum is defined, be then placed on to cool to dry in the shade after place dries in the shade and sow, the seed of vernalization Finished in 3-4 hours, seed must not be shone in the sun；

Date of seeding：The first tenday period of a month in May, when 5 centimetres of soil top layer temperature stabilization is by more than 12 DEG C, start sowing；Simultaneously according to soil Earth soil moisture content, accomplishes " how wet low temperature is sees temperature, and arid robs soil moisture content without rain ", sorghum sowing time should also be according to kind, soil property, physical features etc. Depending on condition；

Depth of planting：Depth of planting be 1.5-2.0 ㎝, soil moisture sowing it is more shallow, soil drought can suitably depth, most it is deep not Preferably more than 3 centimetres；

Sow seeding row spacing：Narrow row line-spacing is 40-50 cm, and wide row line-spacing is 80-100 cm, that is, plants the empty ridge in two ridges, double strains per cave Or three plants, double strain point distances are 20-26 cm, and three strain point distance 25-35 cm, mu stays 8800-13300 plants of seedling；Planting density wants root Depending on local cultivation level and breediness；A variety of 4000-4500 plants of the plants of every mu of common cropping pattern of ratio of this cropping pattern；

D, enhancement of field management

Fill the gaps with seedlings, after sorghum emerges, seedling looked into time and filled the gaps with seedlings, the method filled the gaps with seedlings, one is to reseed, and two be to transplant；

Thinning, on the basis of seedling is complete, thinning is urgent, after seedling all sprouts, when growing 3 leaf, starts thinning, during 5 leaf The plot of final singling, low-lying land and subterranean pest-insect harm weight, can take early thinning, the method for late final singling, in order to avoid cause to be short of seedling；

Shovel, carry out 3 times, sorghum shovels preferably early unsuitable evening, strives for that before rainy season comes cleared weeds have plowed big ridge, with reference to Shovel and remove tiller in time, be conducive to trunk diameter growth to develop, but tiller is stayed at the place of being short of seedling, in order to avoid waste nutrient；

E, apply fertilizers scientifically

Base manure, take different application processes the administration of base manure is because of methods of soil tillage, seeding method is different, and ridge culture is broken Spread fertilizer over the fields to plough under topsoil or combine to rake the soil level before ridge folder fertilizer or button ridge folder fertilizer, should the turning over of autumn ploughing and spread fertilizer over the fields, every mu is applied decomposed manure 3000 kilograms；

Seed manure, seed manure nitrogen, phosphorus compounding application, every mu of 10-15 kilograms of phosphoric acid diamines, every mu of 5-8 kilograms of urea, and synchronously apply life 1,000 grams/acre of thing bacterial manure；Nitrogen, phosphorus ratio are with 1:2；

Topdress, sorghum jointing to booting is that sorghum needs fertilizer most period, is topdress most appropriate period, carries out 2 times Topdress；At jointing initial stage, carried out during 8-9 leaves of sorghum, be conducive to stalk to strengthen, promote the differentiation of branch stalk and small ear, every mu imposes 10 kilograms of urea；Topdress in boot stage for 2nd time, now topdress and reduce the degeneration of small ear, every mu imposes 5 kilograms of urea, and topdress knot Intertillage is closed to carry out；

Foliar fertilizer, due to the increase of seedling number, it is necessary to spray the zinc boron potassium calcium Rare Elements Preparations prepared, 50 grams every time of mu consumption, To increase yield；Late growth stage meets low temperature, to foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50 grams every time of consumption of mu, promotes ripe；

F, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

Sorghum pest and disease damage is more, wherein, keypoint control the most serious with aphid and sorghum smut；

Prevent and treat smut, carry out crop rotation in more than 3 years, to reduce bacteria containing amount in soil, with 0.5 kilogram of 20% carboxin wettable powder Add water 3 kilograms and mix 40 kilograms of sorghum seeds, vexed kind 4 hours is sowed after drying；

Kaoliang aphid is prevented and treated, with 5% thimet granule smoked kill, every mu, with 200 grams of thimet, is converted 5-10 kilograms of sandy soil, is sprinkled into ridge Ditch, 1 ridge is spread every 12 ridges；Early stage sprays 10 grams of 20% Acetamiprid and is watered 30 kilograms, there is good prevention effect；

G, in good time harvesting

Appropriate evening is received, and nutrient of the sorghum in the ripe later stage, stalk can be transformed into seed, in the case that condition is suitable, suitably Evening receives, and can improve sorghum maturity, hence it is evident that improve yield.