CN114793791A

CN114793791A - Wheat-corn double cropping three-purpose and one-turn tillage planting method

Info

Publication number: CN114793791A
Application number: CN202210426081.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 田文仲; 李俊红; 张洁; 吕军杰; 姚宇卿; 李芳�; 吕树作; 张媛菲
Original assignee: Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Current assignee: Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Priority date: 2022-04-22
Filing date: 2022-04-22
Publication date: 2022-07-29

Abstract

The invention discloses a wheat-corn one-year-two-cropping three-free-one-turn-tillage planting method, which is characterized in that no-tillage and straw stubble covering are implemented in the first to third years, namely wheat is sowed by a no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine for one-time sowing on the premise of disturbing soil as little as possible, and the fertilizer is not easy to block by granular compound fertilizer as much as possible; and (3) after the corn is harvested in the fourth year, crushing the corn straws by using a straw returning machine, uniformly covering the ground surface, then deeply ploughing by 20-25cm, and then repeatedly implementing the operation step every four years. The water utilization efficiency and the annual output are superior to those of the traditional cultivation mode.

Description

Wheat-corn double cropping three-purpose and one-turn tillage planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a wheat-corn one-year-two-cropping three-crop-free one-tillage-and-tillage planting method.

Background

In the past, agricultural production has focused on intensive farming, which is undoubtedly an excellent traditional farming method. However, this method also has several disadvantages. Firstly, the cultivation times is more, and the farming cost is higher, and the crop straw of season before the crop seeding is handled earlier, and fertilization (mostly are manual), then carries out the turn-over and harrow leveler, and at last sows again, and is more to the labour input, and the soil preparation time is longer before sowing. Secondly, although the soil turns loose after being ploughed, the water loss of the soil surface layer is faster, the soil respiration is enhanced, the soil carbon nitrogen loss is larger, thirdly, the soil surface is in a naked state after being ploughed, the wind erosion is increased, the soil loss caused by water erosion of the soil in the slope ploughing land is multiplied, the determination is carried out, and the soil water and soil loss can be reduced by more than 80% in the slightly sloping land by no-tillage compared with ploughing. The no-tillage farmland is covered by the straws, so that the scouring of strong rainfall on the earth surface can be effectively reduced, the infiltration rate of the rainfall and the utilization rate of the rainfall are improved, meanwhile, the water loss caused by soil evaporation can be reduced, and the no-tillage farmland is very favorable for improving the water utilization efficiency and the yield of crops.

At present, no-tillage technology is more and more taken attention of people, and on the one hand, the cost of mechanical operation and manual operation of the farmland can be effectively reduced, the planting yield is increased, on the other hand, soil erosion can be effectively reduced, soil carbon emission is reduced, and the obvious ecological environmental protection benefit is achieved. The method comprises the following specific operation steps: stubble cleaning is carried out after harvesting the previous crops (harvesting), tillage, seeding and fertilizing operations are completed by a special no-tillage seeding machine once when seeding wheat (corn), only soil of seeding rows is loosened (soil disturbance is lower than 30 percent), and tillage is not carried out in the un-seeded places. The special herbicide is used for preventing and controlling weeds before or after the emergence of crops, and the operation of farming (such as intertillage) is not needed before harvesting.

Of course, no-tillage lands also have deficiencies:

firstly, crop straws are on the ground surface under no-tillage conditions, the degree of decay is low, diseases, pests and weeds are easy to occur, more herbicides and pesticides are needed for prevention and treatment, the suspicion of polluting soil is inevitable, and efficient, low-toxicity and easily-degradable pesticides should be selected.

Second, no-tillage seeding is great because of the earth's surface crop straw volume, and is higher to seeding machinery and seeding technical requirement, and the straw that the row of seeding sneakes into simultaneously has certain influence to the crop emergence of seedlings, therefore the seeding volume will increase to some extent than traditional seeding, and the seeder also need have the suppression function.

Third, no-tillage techniques are also not suitable for continuous application. The main reasons are the following: (1) under the mode of planting wheat and corn in two cropping seasons, the amount of the crop straws returned to the field is large, the degree of decomposition is low, the living environment of diseases and insects is not damaged, the number of the germs and the insect eggs can be accumulated, the occurrence of the diseases and the insects is increased compared with the plowing field, and the pesticide cost is increased. (2) Because no deep ploughing is carried out in successive years, the surface soil volume weight is higher, the ground surface is covered by straws, the sunlight is not easy to be accepted, the cultivation ground temperature is lower, the growth of the wheat in the seedling stage is slower, and the tillering before winter is less.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects of the technical problems and provides a wheat-corn one-year-two-harvest three-free-one-turn cultivation method.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a wheat-corn double cropping three-free one-turn cultivation method comprises the following steps:

(1) the first crop rotation period: in the 9-10 months to the next 5-6 months, wheat no-tillage seeding and corn straw stubble covering are adopted: after harvesting summer corns and before sowing winter wheat, crushing the corn straws by using a straw returning machine and uniformly covering the ground surface, and sowing the winter wheat at one time by using a no-tillage fertilizing and sowing machine; after winter wheat is harvested in the next year, before summer corn is sown, stubble remaining height during wheat harvesting is not more than 15cm, and wheat straw covers among corn rows;

(2) a planting method that the second crop rotation period and the third crop rotation period extend to the first crop rotation period;

(3) the fourth working period: after summer corns are harvested in 9-10 months, corn straws are crushed and uniformly scattered in the field by a straw returning machine, a large tractor with a turnover plow is used for carrying out full-amount straw burying returning, deep turning and winter wheat seeding operation;

(4) the four years are a rotation period, and the operation steps are repeatedly carried out every four years.

The wheat-corn double cropping three-free one-turning cultivation method is further optimized as follows: in the first crop rotation period, no-tillage seeding is completed by fertilizing and seeding, fertilizer is applied between two seeding rows, and the fertilizing depth is deeper than the seeding depth.

In the invention, the fertilizer for wheat seeding is a compound fertilizer, and the component of the compound fertilizer is N, P ₂ O ₅ 、K ₂ O。

The wheat-corn double cropping three-free one-turning cultivation method is further optimized as follows: in the first crop rotation period and the fourth crop rotation period, the length of the crushed corn straws is not more than 10cm, the three-turn-free turning-over operation is carried out after the corn is harvested, if the length of the straws is too long, the straws are not beneficial to turning the straws into the ground completely, and the straws are not beneficial to decomposition in the soil on the other hand.

The wheat-corn double cropping three-free one-turning cultivation method is further optimized as follows: the corn stalk is torn into 3-5cm shape after being crushed.

The wheat-corn double cropping three-free one-turning cultivation method is further optimized as follows: and in the fourth crop rotation period, deep ploughing is carried out for 20-25 cm. After three years of no-tillage, the amount of wheat and corn straws on the ground surface is large, and in order to ensure the tillage quality, the tillage can completely turn the straws into the soil without influencing the seeding of the wheat, the tillage depth needs to be increased. By deep ploughing, the decomposition of the straw can be accelerated, the volume weight of the plough layer can be reduced, the air permeability of the soil of the plough layer can be improved, and germs and ova can be killed by utilizing the oxidation effect.

The two crops in one year are harvested once for winter wheat and summer corn in the same year; the third non-tillage and the first non-tillage are continuously non-tillage for three years on the basis of returning the whole straws of the summer corns in the previous stubbles to the field, and the fourth year is to start deep tillage after the summer corns are harvested and to sow winter wheat.

In the invention, the stubble height of wheat harvesting is not more than 15cm, and if the stubble height is too high, the straw is easy to be taken out when the seeder is used for seeding, so that the blockage is caused, meanwhile, the too high stubble height affects the growth of corn seedlings, and the thin height of the corn seedlings is unfavorable for the formation of strong seedlings.

The method is characterized in that no-tillage and straw stubble covering are carried out in the first to third years, namely, wheat is sowed in one step by using a no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine on the premise of disturbing the soil as little as possible, and the fertilizer is not easy to block by using granular compound fertilizer as much as possible; and (3) crushing the corn straws by using a straw returning machine after the corn is harvested in the fourth year and uniformly covering the ground surface, wherein the length of the straws is not more than 10 cm. Then deep ploughing for 20-25cm, and repeating the operation steps every four years. The long-term positioning test research result of 14 years shows that the water utilization efficiency of the wheat is averagely improved by 10.9 percent; the water utilization efficiency of the corn is averagely improved by 32.1 percent; the annual water utilization efficiency of the wheat and the corn is averagely improved by 20.7 percent. The average yield of the wheat is increased by 20.1 percent, the average yield of the corn is increased by 32.2 percent, and the annual yield of the wheat and the corn is increased by 20.3 percent.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows rainfall in the growth period of summer corn and winter wheat in 2015-2021;

FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of the rotation pattern on the dry field summer maize harvest time soil volume weight.

Detailed Description

In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

A wheat-corn one-year-two-cropping three-free-one-turning cultivation method comprises the following steps:

The invention has the innovation points that no-tillage and straw stubble covering is implemented in the first to third years, namely, the wheat is sowed in one step by adopting a no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine on the premise of disturbing the soil as little as possible; and (4) after the corn is harvested in the fourth year, crushing the corn straws by using a straw returning machine and uniformly covering the ground surface.

A wheat-corn one-year-two-cropping three-free-one-turning cultivation method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) the first crop rotation period: in the 9-10 months to the next 5-6 months, wheat no-tillage seeding and corn straw stubble covering are adopted: after summer corn is harvested and before winter wheat is sown, crushing the corn straws by using a straw returning machine and uniformly covering the ground surface, wherein the crushed length of the corn straws is not more than 10cm, preferably, the crushed corn straws are 3-5cm in tear shape; sowing winter wheat in one time by adopting a no-tillage fertilizing and sowing machine; after winter wheat is harvested in the next year, before summer corn is sown, stubble remaining height during wheat harvesting is not more than 15cm, and wheat straw covers among corn rows; wherein, the no-tillage seeding is completed by fertilizing and seeding together, the fertilizer is applied between the two seeding rows, and the fertilizing depth is deeper than the seeding depth; the fertilizer compound fertilizer comprises the following components: p ₂ O ₅ ：K ₂ O=15：15：15；

(3) the fourth working period: after summer corns are harvested in 9-10 months, crushing the corn straws by using a straw returning machine and uniformly scattering the crushed corn straws in the field, wherein the length of the crushed corn straws is not more than 10cm, and preferably, the crushed corn straws are 3-5cm in a tearing shape; using a large tractor with a turnover plow to perform full straw burying and returning to the field, deeply ploughing for 20-25cm, and sowing for 5-6 months in the next year;

(4) four years is a rotation period, and the operation steps are repeatedly carried out every four years.

Wherein, the two cropping in one year is that winter wheat and summer corn in the same year are harvested once respectively, the next crop is planted immediately after the harvesting of the upper crop, the seeding of the two crops is no-tillage seeding, the seeding of the next crop is carried out after the harvesting of the upper crop, in order to fully play the role of preserving soil moisture covered by straws, the crushing is required to be uniform and the covering is uniform, seeds are sown between rows of the upper crop during the seeding, and the crop with roots is prevented from being brought out during the seeding; the third non-tillage and the first non-tillage are continuously no-tillage for three years on the basis of returning the whole straws of the summer corns in the previous stubble to the field, and the fourth year is to start deep tillage and seeding after the summer corns are harvested.

The mechanical straw harvesting and crushing returning technology comprises the following steps: the combined harvester is used for harvesting corns and is provided with a straw returning and crushing device, the length of the crushed straws is less than 10cm, and the torn straws of 3-5cm are suitable. The straw scattering needs to be uniform. The height of the stubble is less than 5 cm.

The method comprises the following operation flows:

corn harvesting (late 9 th month) - -corn stalk crushing by a stalk returning machine-wheat sowing by a no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine (middle 10 th month) - -wheat harvesting (bottom 5 month, early 6 month) - -corn sowing by a no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine (late 6 month) - -corn harvesting (late 9 th month) - -corn stalk crushing by a stalk returning machine-wheat sowing by a no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine (middle 10 th month) -, -wheat harvesting (bottom 5 month, early 6 month) -, -corn sowing by a no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine (late 6 month) - - - - -corn stalk crushing by a stalk returning machine-wheat sowing by a no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine (late 10 month) -wheat harvesting (bottom 5 month, early 6 month) -, -corn sowing by a no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine (late 6 month) - -, - -corn crushing by a stalk returning machine Rice straw-plowing-sowing wheat (10 months top middle ten) -wheat harvesting (5 months bottom, 6 months early) -no-tillage combined seed and fertilizer drill sowing corn (6 months top ten) -corn harvesting (9 months bottom ten) -corn harvesting-straw returning machine crushing corn straw-no-tillage combined seed and fertilizer drill sowing wheat (10 months top middle ten).

Test conditions in the following examples:

the Ouyang academy of agriculture and forestry, Henan province, located at the southeast edge of the loess plateau (34 ° 37 '12 "N, 112 ° 27' 36" E), had an altitude of 130 m. The test field belongs to a typical temperate zone semi-humid and partially drought monsoon climate, the annual average temperature is 14.6 ℃, the average drought frequency is more than 40 percent, the dryness is more than 1.3, and the frost-free period is 200 to 219 days. The average annual precipitation is 549 mm and the average annual evaporation is 1870 mm. Two-cropping-a-year or three-cropping-a-year is the main planting system. The soil to be tested is brown soil, the field water holding capacity of the topsoil is 27 percent, and the volume weight of the soil is 1.53 g cm ^-3 The pH was 7.3. 302 g.kg of sand grains larger than 0.2 mm in 0-20 cm soil layer ^-1 416 g/kg of 0.002-0.2 mm powder particles ^-1 282 g/kg of clay particles of < 0.002 mm ^-1 . 15.6 g/kg of organic matters in soil layer 0-20 cm before the beginning of 10-month test in 2004 ^-1 Total nitrogen 0.95 g.kg ^-1 10.4 mg/kg of available phosphorus ^-1 Quick-acting potassium 166.0 mg/kg ^-1 . Wherein, the rainfall amount of summer corn and winter wheat in the growth period of 2015-2021 is shown in figure 1.

Test design and field management: the experiment started in 10 months in 2004, and a random block design was adopted for 2 treatments, which were:

(1) examples of the embodiments

3SNAN, three-free and one-tillage: no-tillage and straw covering are carried out on corn and wheat in seasons, wheat straw covers corn rows, and 300 kg.hm of urea is applied during jointing stage ^-2 In wheat season, no-tillage seeding is carried out, corn straws cover wheat rows, and 600 kg.hm compound fertilizer is applied before wheat seeding ^-2 (ii) a Ploughing once every 3 years of wheat season, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-25 cm; four years is a cycle, and the operation is repeated every four years.

(2) Comparative example

CK, traditional farming:and (4) turning in summer and autumn, wherein the turning depth is 20-25cm, the straws are not returned to the field, and the fertilization management is the same as that of 3 SNAN. Cell area 16 m ² And 3 repetitions. The fertilizers used are urea (containing N46%) and compound fertilizer (N: P) ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O =15:15: 15). The corn variety is Luoyu 114, the corn is sown in the first 6 th of month each year and is harvested in the last 9 th of month, and the planting density is 45000 plants hm ^-2 (ii) a The wheat variety is Luohai No. 7, the wheat is sown after artificial plowing in the middle ten days of 10 months every year, and harvested in the last 5 th or the early 6 th month of the next year, and the sowing quantity is 135 kg.hm ^-2 . Irrigation is not carried out all the year round, and other management is the same as local high-yield fields.

Soil volume weight: in the harvesting period of the corn in 2020, soil in soil layers of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm is taken by a cutting ring by a section digging and sampling method, dried to constant weight at 105 ℃, weighed and calculated by volume weight.

Wherein D is the volume weight of soil (g cm) ^-3 ）；M ₁ The cutting ring weight (g); m ₂ Adding dry soil (g) into the ring cutter; v is the volume (cm) of the cutting ring ³ ）；

Soil moisture: collecting soil samples of 0-200 cm soil layer from each cell by using a soil drill with the diameter of 4 cm 3-5 days after harvesting of the corn and the wheat respectively, taking 50 g +/-5 g of fresh soil for every 20 cm of soil layer, drying to constant weight at 105 ℃, weighing, and calculating the water content. The water storage capacity of soil in a soil layer of 0-200 cm and the water consumption of crops in the growth period are calculated according to the method described by the xanthene et al.

In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,

water storage capacity (mm) for soil;

for soil containing water in certain soil layerAmount (%);

the soil volume weight (g cm) of the soil layer ^-3 ）；

The thickness (cm) of the soil layer.

In the formula, ET is water consumption (mm) of crops in a growth period; p is the total rainfall (mm) of the crops in the growing period; r is the runoff (mm); u is groundwater recharge (mm); f is the deep layer leakage (mm);

the difference (mm) between the water storage capacity of the soil in the soil layer of 0-200 cm when the crops are sown and the water storage capacity of the soil in the soil layer of 0-200 cm when the crops are harvested. When the underground water burial depth is more than 2.5 m, the U value can be ignored, the underground water burial depth of the test field is 3.5 m, and no irrigation is carried out in the growth period of the wheat, so the F, U, R values are all 0.

Soil nutrient: in the harvest period of the corn and the wheat in 2020 and 2021, soil layer soil with the soil thickness of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm is collected in each cell by a soil drill with the diameter of 4 cm, 3 sampling points are collected in each cell, about 300 g of the soil is left after the uniform mixing of the same layer, the soil is quickly filled into a pre-marked plastic bag and the bag opening is tied tightly, the plastic bag is taken back to a laboratory for natural air drying, and the soil is respectively ground by a soil sieve with the diameter of 1mm and a soil sieve with the diameter of 0.15 mm, stored and to be tested. The soil nutrient content is determined by referring to the method of Baysantin: the organic matter content adopts a potassium dichromate external heating method, the total nitrogen content adopts a Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method, the quick-acting phosphorus content adopts a molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method, and the quick-acting potassium content adopts a flame photometer method.

Soil enzymes: the soil sample collection and treatment method is the same as above. The soil urease activity is determined by sodium phenolate-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method, and the soil sucrase activity is determined by 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method.

Soil nitrate nitrogen:in the harvest period of 2020 and 2021 years of wheat, 0-200 cm of soil is collected in each cell by a soil drill with the diameter of 4 cm, 0-200 cm is used as a layer per 20 cm, about 300 g of soil is left after each layer of soil is uniformly mixed, the soil is quickly filled into a pre-marked plastic bag and tied tightly at the opening of the bag, the bag is taken back to a laboratory to weigh 5.00 g of fresh soil, 50 mL of 1 mol. L is used ^-1 The KCl solution was subjected to shaking leaching for 1 hour, and the soil nitrate nitrogen content (dry weight basis) was measured using an AA3 continuous flow analyzer (SEAL, Germany). The soil nitrate nitrogen accumulation amount is calculated by the method described by xanthamine and the like.

Wherein NA is the accumulation amount (kg. hm) of soil nitrate nitrogen ^-2 ）；

The nitrate nitrogen content (mg, kg) of a certain soil layer ^-1 ）；

The thickness (cm) of the soil layer; the soil volume weight of the soil layer is (g cm) ^-3 ）。

Crop yield: at the harvest stage of each season of the crop, the whole area of the manpower is harvested, threshed and weighed, and then converted into hectare yield.

Water utilization efficiency:

；

wherein WUE is the water use efficiency (kg. hm) ^-2 ·mm ^-1 ) (ii) a Y is the yield of grains (kg. hm) ^-2 ) (ii) a ET is the water consumption (mm) of the crops in the whole growth period.

Data and plots were processed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and DPS software and tested for significance using the LSD method. In the present invention, different lower case letters above the columns in the same soil layer indicate significant differences in level between treatments (P < 0.05).

The results of the effect of the rotation cultivation mode on the dry-land summer maize harvest time soil volume weight are shown in fig. 2. As can be seen from FIG. 2, compared with the comparative example CK, in a soil layer of 0-5 cm, SNAN in example 3 is remarkably reduced by 5.63% in a soil layer of 0-5 cm; the reduction is remarkably reduced by 6.37% at 20-40 cm; in a soil layer of 5-10 cm, the 3SNAN is remarkably reduced by 6.63%. The long-term no-tillage covering can reduce the disturbance times to the soil, and the crop straws are mixed into the soil layer, so that the soil permeability is increased, and the soil volume weight is reduced compared with the traditional tillage. The surface soil is only loosened without straw coverage in long-term tillage, but a plough bottom layer can be formed, particularly, the volume weight of the soil in a soil layer of 20-40 cm is increased, the crop root system is not easy to prick, and the volume weight of the soil in the soil layer of 20-40 cm is reduced in a no-tillage mode in different modes.

Wherein, the following table 1 shows the influence of the rotation tillage mode on the soil organic matter content in the harvest period of summer corn and winter wheat in the dry land:

the content of organic matters in the soil is reduced along with the deepening of a plough layer. In the 2020 harvest period of corn, compared with the comparative example CK, in a 0-5 cm soil layer, the SNAN of the example 3 is obviously improved by 29.48 percent; in a soil layer of 5-10 cm, the 3SNAN is remarkably improved by 29.13%; in a soil layer of 10-20 cm, the 3SNAN is remarkably improved by 12.90%; in the harvest period of the wheat in 2020-2021 years, compared with CK, the amplification is as follows in soil layers of 0-5 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm: 20.15% -37.16% (3 SNAN); and in a soil layer of 5-10 cm, the 3SNAN is remarkably improved by 37.16%. The result shows that the organic matter content of the 3SSAN in the soil layer of 0-40cm is increased to different degrees compared with the traditional rotation tillage mode.

Wherein, the following table 2 shows the influence of the rotation tillage mode on the total nitrogen content of the soil in the harvest period of summer corn and winter wheat in the dry land:

as can be seen from the table 2, the total nitrogen content of the soil in the soil layer of 0-40cm is the highest in the corn harvesting period of 2020. Compared with CK, the amplification is as follows: 29.02% -94.97% and 18.90% -35.39%. In the harvest period of the wheat of 2020-2021, compared with CK, 3SNAN is remarkably improved by 25.74% in a 0-5 cm soil layer, remarkably improved by 20.09% in a 5-10 cm soil layer, remarkably improved by 13.93% in a 10-20 cm soil layer and remarkably improved by 14.10% in a 20-40 cm soil layer; the result shows that the 3SNAN can effectively increase the total nitrogen content of soil in a soil layer of 0-40 cm.

Wherein, the following table 3 shows the influence of the rotation tillage mode on the quick-acting phosphorus content of the soil in the harvest period of summer corn and winter wheat in the dry land:

as can be seen from Table 3, in the corn harvesting period of 2021, compared with CK, 3SNAN is remarkably improved by 39.35% in a soil layer of 20-40 cm. The result shows that no-tillage is beneficial to improving the quick-acting phosphorus content of soil in a soil layer of 0-40 cm.

Wherein, the following table 4 shows the influence of the rotation tillage mode on the quick-acting potassium content of soil in the harvest period of summer corn and winter wheat in dry land:

as can be seen from Table 4, the soil rapid-acting potassium content of the soil layer of 0-40cm is remarkably improved. In the 2020 corn harvesting period, compared with CK, the 3SNAN rotation tillage mode is remarkably improved at 5-10 cm, and the amplification is 147.06%; the 3SNAN is obviously improved by 72.34% in a soil layer of 10-20 cm. Compared with CK, the 3SNAN rotation tillage mode is remarkably improved by 42.27% in a 0-5 cm soil layer in the harvest period of 2020-2021 wheat; the soil layer of 5-10 cm is remarkably improved by 33.70%; in a soil layer below 10cm, the 3SNAN is obviously improved by 21.35% in the range of 10-20 cm.

Wherein, the following table 5 shows the effect of the rotation tillage mode on the yield of summer corn-winter wheat in dry land:

as can be seen from Table 5, the rotation mode has a significant effect on controlling crop yield in the dry-land summer maize-winter wheat rotation system. Compared with CK, the 3SSAN yield is increased by 12.38% -60.66% in 5 years in summer corn season, and the average yield in 5 years is increased by 20.18%. This shows that the crop rotation cultivation has a significant yield increase effect on summer corn compared with the traditional cultivation. Compared with CK, the 3SSAN rotation tillage mode has obvious yield increasing effect in 2015-2021 in winter wheat season, the increase is 11.17% -109.95%, and the average yield is increased by 24.99%. The annual output is increased by 26.98 percent averagely in 5 years.

Wherein, the following table 6 shows the influence of the rotation cultivation mode on the water utilization efficiency of the dry land corn rotation cultivation system:

from table 6, the control effect of different rotation modes on the water utilization efficiency of the dry-land corn rotation system is different according to crops and types of the crops. Compared with CK in corn season, except that 3SNAN is unchanged in 2018, the water utilization efficiency is remarkably improved in 2015-2020, the increase is 10.68% -226.89% and 11.63% -84.95%, and the average increase is 48.01% and 20.18% in 5 years, which shows that the water utilization efficiency in summer corn season can be remarkably improved in no-tillage.

Compared with CK, 3SNAN is obviously improved by 34.72%, 27.41%, 81.41% and 17.71% in 2015-2016, 2017-2018, 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 in wheat season, and is obviously improved by 25.08% in 3SNAN rotation mode in 5 years. In the year, the 3SNAN rotation tillage mode is obviously improved compared with CK, and the 3SNAN rotation tillage mode is improved by 24.70% in 5 years on average.

Moreover, the results of long-term localization experiments up to 14 years show that: the water utilization efficiency of the wheat can be averagely improved by 10.9 percent; the corn water utilization efficiency can be averagely improved by 32.1 percent; the annual water utilization efficiency of the wheat and the corn can be averagely improved by 20.7 percent. The average yield of the wheat can reach 20.1 percent, the average yield of the corn can reach 32.2 percent, and the annual yield of the wheat and the corn can reach 20.3 percent.

Claims

1. A wheat-corn double cropping three-free one-turn cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) the first crop rotation period: in the 9-10 months to the 5-6 months of the next year, wheat no-tillage seeding and corn straw stubble covering and returning to the field are adopted: after harvesting summer corns and before sowing winter wheat, crushing the corn straws by using a straw returning machine and uniformly covering the ground surface, and sowing the winter wheat at one time by using a no-tillage fertilizing and sowing machine; after winter wheat is harvested in the next year, before summer corn is sown, stubble remaining height during wheat harvesting is not more than 15cm, and wheat straw covers among corn rows;

(3) the fourth working period: after summer corns are harvested in 9-10 months, corn straws are crushed and uniformly scattered in the field by a straw returning machine, and a large tractor with a turnover plow is used for carrying out full-amount straw burying returning, deep turning and wheat seeding operation;

2. The wheat-corn one-year-two-cropping three-free-one-tillage planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first crop rotation period, no-tillage seeding is completed by fertilizing and seeding, fertilizer is applied between two seeding rows, and the fertilizing depth is deeper than the seeding depth.

3. The wheat-corn one-year-two-cropping three-free-one-tillage planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the fertilizer is composed of N, P ₂ O ₅ 、K ₂ O。

4. The wheat-corn one-year-two-cropping three-free-one-tillage planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first crop rotation period and the fourth crop rotation period, the length of the crushed corn stalks is not more than 10 cm.

5. The wheat-corn one-year-two-cropping three-free-one-tillage planting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the corn stalk is torn into 3-5cm shape after being crushed.

6. The wheat-corn one-year-two-cropping three-free-one-tillage planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the fourth crop rotation period, deep ploughing is carried out for 20-25 cm.

7. The wheat-corn one-year-two-cropping three-free-one-tillage planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the two-cropping in one year is that the winter wheat and the summer corn in the same year are harvested once respectively; the third non-tillage and the first non-tillage are continuously non-tillage for three years on the basis of returning the whole straws of the summer corns in the previous stubbles to the field, and the fourth year is to start deep tillage after the summer corns are harvested and to sow winter wheat.