CN107306634A - A kind of beautiful two ripe high yields of wheat and the cultivated method of combination wheel for improving organic carbon content - Google Patents
A kind of beautiful two ripe high yields of wheat and the cultivated method of combination wheel for improving organic carbon content Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Method is ploughed the present invention relates to a kind of beautiful two ripe high yields of wheat and the combination wheel for improving organic carbon content, this method includes：(1) after summer corn harvest, the full returning to the field of corn straw smashing, carries out subsoiling, before the sowing of next year summer corn, by Wheat stalk-covering returning to the field, after no-till maize, (2) next crop rotation phase, summer corn harvest before winter wheat sowing, by the full returning to the field of corn straw smashing, directly carry out before deep rotary tillage next year summer corn sowing, subsoiling is carried out after Wheat stalk-covering returning to the field, tillage system reform is：Wheat season, subsoiling was combined with rotary tillage, and corn season is no-tillage；Wheat next year, rotary tillage season, corn season subsoiling, tillage method next year carries out in turn.The method of the present invention is completed for (2 years) within two shift of crops cycles, reduce farming frequency, save cost payout, the disturbance number of times to topsoil can be reduced, keep good soil granular structure, 0~30cm topsoil soils organic carbon content 0.36g/kg can be significantly improved simultaneously, and significantly improve the yield of wheat, corn.
Description
Technical field
Method is ploughed the present invention relates to a kind of beautiful two ripe high yields of wheat and the combination wheel for improving organic carbon content, belongs to crops and ploughs
Make technical field.
Background technology
In agricultural production, the features such as rotary tillage measure is easily sowed with its time saving and energy saving, stalk with soil mixing, easy site preparation is certainly
Leading position is occupied in China's main food producing region particularly Mai Yuliangshu areas since promoting the nineties in last century, ploughs shallowly, revolves
Cultivated area accounts for more than the 64% of China's area ploughed by tractors.However, in recent years, under intensive farming background, long-term single rotation
Plough, plough shallowly and improper the management soil compaction, the topsoil that bring of stalk resource be thin layer, carbon base in soil loss, fertilizer utilization
A series of soil health problems such as rate reduction are gradually highlighted, have become restriction cereal crops Sustainable high yield, stable yields obstacle because
Son.
In recent years, the wheel used cooperatively using a variety of tillage methods such as subsoiling and rotary tillage, no-tillage plough pattern also increasingly by
To the concern of people.Existing domestic scholars point out that difference wheel, which ploughs mode combinations, can be effectively improved topsoil structure, regulation soil fertilizer
Power, basis is provided for the high yield of crop, is the effective measures for overcoming single tillage method to bring adverse effect.
Nie Liang rocs et al. plough model study to wheat-corn two crops a year farmland high-yield and high-efficiency wheel, to be determined to improve
The ripe agricultural land soil physicochemical character of wheat, corn two, improvement overground part tree characteristics, improve crop yield, quality and economic benefit
Suitable year lubrication groove plough pattern, continuous 3 years of 2010-2013 sets no-tillage corn season in wheat season no-tillage (WZ-MZ), exempted from wheat season
Plough corn season subsoiling (WZ-MS), subsoiling corn season in wheat season is no-tillage (WS-MZ), wheat season subsoiling corn season subsoiling (WS-MS),
Turn over corn season no-tillage (WC-MZ) wheat season, turn over 6 kinds of corn season subsoiling (WC-MS) year lubrication groove wheat season and plough pattern, have studied
Year lubrication groove is ploughed to crop growth, soil physical chemistry character, soil enzyme activities and crop yield, grain quality, economy
The influence of benefit, as a result shows：Lubrication groove ploughs the influence to crop yield within 1 year, and wheat subsoiling (WS) can improve thousand of wheat
Weight, grain number per spike, hectare spike number and yield, wheat are turned over processing (WC) and taken second place, and wheat is no-tillage, and (WZ) is minimum.The wheat thousand of WS processing
Grain weight average specific WZ and WC are higher by 8.60% and 5.86%, and grain number per spike is higher by 12.54% and 8.76%, and hectare spike number is higher by
16.09% and 5.73%, yield is higher by 25.46% and 11.96%.MS processing thousand grain weight of wheat, grain number per spike, hectare spike number,
Yield average specific MZ processing is higher by 1.24%, 3.04%, 5.02%, 12.21%.The tillage method in corn season affects wheat
Yield grain number per spike and yield, show as MS better than MZ.But such a wheel ploughs pattern, a variety of wheels in same year plough assemblage zone
Repeated tillage, farming frequency is high, and cost payout is high, destructive to topsoil soils big.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of beautiful two ripe high yields of wheat and improves the combination wheel of organic carbon content
The method of ploughing, this method carries out rotary tillage and ploughs pattern 4 years with subsoiling anniversary combination wheel, wheat yield is average under the conditions of straw-returning
Increase by 26.3%, corn yield balanced growth 15.5%, the anniversary total output increase by 19.7%, obvious effect of increasing production, and can be with
Soil organic carbon is significantly improved, 0~30cm topsoil soils organic carbon content relatively compares and averagely improves 0.36g/kg, soil
The annual per hectare of carbon capacity can increase 1.92t.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of beautiful two ripe high yields of wheat and the cultivated method of combination wheel for improving organic carbon content, including step are as follows：
(1), by the full returning to the field of corn straw smashing, subsoiling, subsoiling are then carried out before winter wheat sowing after summer corn harvest
Amplitude is 55-75cm, and subsoiling depth is more than or equal to 30cm, then carries out shallow rotary tillage, and rotary tillage 5~10cm of depth makes stalk and soil
Earth is sufficiently mixed, after next year winter wheat harvest before summer corn sowing, by Wheat stalk-covering returning to the field, no-till maize, wheat
Stalk uniform fold is in the ranks；
(2) after next crop rotation phase, summer corn harvest before winter wheat sowing, the full returning to the field of corn straw smashing is directly carried out
Deep rotary tillage, rotary tillage 12~15cm of depth, makes stalk be sufficiently mixed with soil, and before the sowing of next year summer corn, Wheat stalk-covering is also
Subsoiling is carried out behind field, subsoiling depth is more than or equal to 40cm；
(3) by that analogy, tillage system reform is：Wheat season, subsoiling was combined with rotary tillage, and corn season is no-tillage；Next year wheat Ji Xuan
Plough, corn season subsoiling, tillage method next year carries out in turn.
According to currently preferred, corn stalk powder crushing straw length is less than or equal to 5cm after crushing.
According to currently preferred, step (1), subsoiling is to use comprehensive subsoiling, and subsoiling number of times is 2 times；First
Secondary subsoiling amplitude is 60-75cm, second of the 2nd subsoiling of interval progress in 60-75cm breadth.
According to currently preferred, step (1) subsoiling depth is 30~40cm.
According to currently preferred, the shallow rotary tillage depth of step (1) is 6~8cm, and shallow rotary tillage number of times is 1-3 times.
According to currently preferred, step (2) depth rotary tillage number of times is 1-3 times, 14~15cm of rotary tillage depth.
According to currently preferred, step (2) subsoiling depth is 45~50cm, and subsoiling number of times is 1-3 times.
Advantages of the present invention is as follows：
1st, combination wheel of the invention ploughs method, you can improve wheat, the yield of corn, organic carbon in soil can be improved again
Content, highly efficient and productive, time saving and energy saving, cost is low, few to the soil disturbance of topsoil, uses, makes in turn in Wheat and maize rotation
Wheat and corn season farmland next year can subsoiling once.Topsoil depth is deepened in wheat subsoiling+rotary tillage, and stalk is well mixed with soil
Meanwhile, Gossypium arboreum×G. bickii unit weight is significantly reduced, promotes to prick under wheat root, soil moisture is stored before the increase winter, promotes seedling neat not
Disconnected ridge, accelerates straw decomposition, improves soil organic carbon, and corn season is no-tillage and Wheat stalk-covering can keep soil texture complete
It is whole, the fertilizer aftereffect in wheat season is played, reduces the Evaporation among plants and moisture loss of corn field of summer；The next crop rotation phase, wheat only enters
Row rotary tillage can play last year subsoiling aftereffect, corn season subsoiling and Wheat stalk-covering returning to the field can improve the soil moisture conservation of corn field Soil storage water
Ability, while improving straw mulching can improve upper soll layer organic carbon content.
2nd, the wheel in the present invention ploughs mode and combines within two shift of crops cycles completion in (2 years), it is to avoid repeated tillage
Problem, reduces farming frequency, saves cost payout, can reduce the disturbance number of times to topsoil, keeps good soil group
Kernel structure, under the conditions of straw-returning, carries out the wheel and ploughs pattern 4 years, 0~30cm topsoil soils organic carbons can be significantly improved simultaneously
Content 0.36g/kg.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is to plough method wheat yield of 2013 to 4 years 2016 compared with control group using the combination wheel of the present invention
Contrast block diagram；
Fig. 2 is to plough method corn yield of 2013 to 4 years 2016 compared with control group using the combination wheel of the present invention
Contrast block diagram；
Fig. 3 is to plough method wheat and corn of 2013 to 4 years 2016 compared with control group using the combination wheel of the present invention
Anniversary total output volume increase contrast block diagram；
Fig. 4 be using the present invention combination wheel plough method compared with control group 2013 to 4 years 2016 soil 0~
30cm organic carbon contents contrast block diagram.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultivated method of combination wheel of the beautiful two ripe high-yield and high-efficiencies of wheat, including step are as follows：
(1) corn stalk powder is broken to length less than 5cm, full returning to the field is carried out, so before winter wheat sowing after summer corn harvest
After carry out subsoiling, subsoiling amplitude 60cm, subsoiling depth is 35cm, and subsoiling is to use comprehensive subsoiling, and subsoiling number of times is 2
It is secondary；First time subsoiling amplitude is 60cm, and second of the 2nd subsoiling of interval progress in 60cm breadth then carries out shallow rotary tillage, revolved
Tilling depth degree 6cm, shallow rotary tillage number of times is 2 times, stalk is sufficiently mixed with soil, after next year winter wheat harvest before summer corn sowing,
By Wheat stalk-covering returning to the field, no-till maize, wheat stalk uniform fold is in the ranks；
(2) after next crop rotation phase, summer corn harvest before winter wheat sowing, corn stalk powder is broken to length complete less than 5cm
Returning to the field, directly carries out deep rotary tillage, rotary tillage depth 13cm, rotary tillage number of times is 2 times, stalk is sufficiently mixed with soil, summer next year is beautiful
Before rice sowing, subsoiling is carried out after Wheat stalk-covering returning to the field, subsoiling depth is 45cm；
(3) by that analogy, tillage system reform is：Wheat season, subsoiling was combined with rotary tillage, and corn season is no-tillage；Next year wheat Ji Xuan
Plough, corn season subsoiling, tillage method next year carries out in turn.
Embodiment 2
(1) corn stalk powder is broken to length less than 5cm, full returning to the field is carried out, so before winter wheat sowing after summer corn harvest
After carry out subsoiling, subsoiling amplitude 65cm, subsoiling depth is 40cm, and subsoiling is to use comprehensive subsoiling, and subsoiling number of times is 2
It is secondary；First time subsoiling amplitude is 65cm, and second of the 2nd subsoiling of interval progress in 65cm breadth then carries out shallow rotary tillage, revolved
Tilling depth degree 8cm, shallow rotary tillage number of times is 2 times, stalk is sufficiently mixed with soil, after next year winter wheat harvest before summer corn sowing,
By Wheat stalk-covering returning to the field, no-till maize, wheat stalk uniform fold is in the ranks；
(2) after next crop rotation phase, summer corn harvest before winter wheat sowing, corn stalk powder is broken to length complete less than 5cm
Returning to the field, directly carries out deep rotary tillage, rotary tillage depth 15cm, rotary tillage number of times is 3 times, stalk is sufficiently mixed with soil, summer next year is beautiful
Before rice sowing, subsoiling is carried out after Wheat stalk-covering returning to the field, subsoiling depth is 50cm；
(3) by that analogy, tillage system reform is：Wheat season, subsoiling was combined with rotary tillage, and corn season is no-tillage；Next year wheat Ji Xuan
Plough, corn season subsoiling, tillage method next year carries out in turn.
Comparative example 1
Shandong Agricultural University's master thesis, wheat-corn two crops a year farmland high-yield and high-efficiency wheel ploughs model study,
Nie Liangpeng, disclosed efficient wheel ploughs mode.
The tillage system reform is contrasted with the present invention, the cultivated wheat combined only within a period of crop-rotation (in year) of different wheels,
Corn season is carried out, and tillage method change next year is not related to.And no-tillage (WZ-MZ) pattern of no-tillage corn season in wheat season is in the same year
Wheat season and corn season are simultaneously no-tillage in real agricultural production and are not suitable for using, similar, wheat season subsoiling corn Ji Shen
Loose (WS-MS), turn over corn season subsoiling (WC-MS) pattern wheat season, while subsoiling can cause the repeated tillage in the short time, increase
Plus production cost；And the wheel ploughs mode, it is unfavorable for after wheat, maize straw being sufficiently mixed with soil, is difficult site preparation and broadcasts
Kind.
Experimental example 1：Wheel ploughs influence of the pattern to wheat, corn yield：
Conservation tillage long term experiment (Tai'an), experiment is using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-jade
Rice (Zea mays L.) two crops a year cropping pattern, test group uses the high yield of the present invention and improves the combination of organic carbon content
Wheel ploughs method (being set to RT-ST groups), while setting control group, control group is using long-term rotary tillage processing (being set to RT groups), and stalk is complete
Portion's returning to the field.Wheat is sowed in annual 10 to 15 October, and in Second Year harvest in 8 to 15 June；Corn was June 18
Sowed, harvest on October 8 to 12 then to 25 days.Each unified field management of processing, the pure N 160kgha of wheat Ji Jishi-1,
P2O5 150kg ha-1, K2O 105kg ha-1, respectively handle and pure N 80kg ha uniformly imposed in the jointing stage-1, pour jointing water
160mm；The pure N 120kg ha of corn Ji Jishi-1, P2O5 120kg ha-1, K2O 100kg ha-1, typhon mouthful phase imposes pure N
120kg ha-1。
Experimental result：
Carry out to take turns to plough and dramatically increase wheat yield
The wheel for carrying out the present invention ploughs pattern compared with control group, and the wheat yield of 2013 to 4 years 2016 increases production respectively
16.2nd, 34.2,27.6 and 26.9%, averagely increase production 26.3%.As a result it is as shown in Figure 1.
Carry out to take turns to plough and dramatically increase corn yield
The wheel for carrying out the present invention ploughs pattern compared with control group, and the corn yield of 2013 to 4 years 2016 increases production respectively
12.5th, 14.0,19.1 and 16.4%, averagely increase production 15.5%.As a result it is as shown in Figure 2.
Carry out to take turns to plough and dramatically increase wheat and corn anniversary total output
The wheel for carrying out the present invention ploughs pattern compared with control group, all gross annual outputs of wheat and corn of 2013 to 4 years 2016
Amount increases production 13.9,21.7,22.5 and 20.7% respectively, averagely increases production 19.7%.As a result it is as shown in Figure 3.
Experimental example 2：Wheel ploughs influence of the pattern to soil organic carbon：
Conservation tillage long term experiment (Tai'an), experiment is using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-jade
Rice (Zea mays L.) two crops a year cropping pattern, test group uses the high yield of the present invention and improves the combination of organic carbon content
Wheel ploughs method (being set to RT-ST groups), while setting control group, control group is using long-term rotary tillage processing (being set to RT groups), and stalk is complete
Portion's returning to the field.Wheat is sowed in annual 10 to 15 October, and in Second Year harvest in 8 to 15 June；Corn was June 18
Sowed, harvest on October 8 to 12 then to 25 days.Each unified field management of processing, the pure N 160kgha of wheat Ji Jishi-1,
P2O5 150kg ha-1, K2O 105kg ha-1, respectively handle and pure N 80kg ha uniformly imposed in the jointing stage-1, pour jointing water
160mm；The pure N 120kg ha of corn Ji Jishi-1, P2O5 120kg ha-1, K2O 100kg ha-1, typhon mouthful phase imposes pure N
120kg ha-1。
Experimental result：
(1) carry out to take turns to plough and dramatically increase soil organic carbon
The wheel for carrying out the present invention ploughs pattern compared with control group, 2013 to 2016 soil 0~30cm organic carbon contents
11.3,11.3,10.2 and 10.9% is respectively increased, 10.9% is averagely improved.As a result it is as shown in Figure 4.
(2) carry out to take turns to plough and dramatically increase soil organic matter anniversary cumulative speed and carbon capacity
The wheel for carrying out the present invention ploughs pattern, initial organic carbon content when check experiment starts, soil organic matter in 2016
Cumulative speed brings up to 1.92t/ha from annual -0.64t/ha, and annual per hectare can increase soil organic matter 1.92t newly, than control
Net increase soil carbon 20.5t/ha, significantly improves carbon base in soil level, and Soil organic carbon pool variation effect see the table below shown in 1.
Table 1 carries out the Soil organic carbon pool change after wheel is ploughed
Claims (7)
1. a kind of beautiful two ripe high yields of wheat and the cultivated method of combination wheel for improving organic carbon content, including step are as follows：
(1), by the full returning to the field of corn straw smashing, subsoiling, subsoiling amplitude are then carried out before winter wheat sowing after summer corn harvest
For 55-75cm, subsoiling depth is more than or equal to 30cm, then carries out shallow rotary tillage, rotary tillage 5~10cm of depth makes stalk be filled with soil
Divide after mixing, next year winter wheat harvest before summer corn sowing, by Wheat stalk-covering returning to the field, no-till maize, wheat stalk
Uniform fold is in the ranks；
(2) after next crop rotation phase, summer corn harvest before winter wheat sowing, by the full returning to the field of corn straw smashing, deep rotation is directly carried out
Plough, rotary tillage 12~15cm of depth makes stalk be sufficiently mixed with soil, before the sowing of next year summer corn, after Wheat stalk-covering returning to the field
Subsoiling is carried out, subsoiling depth is more than or equal to 40cm；
(3) by that analogy, tillage system reform is：Wheat season, subsoiling was combined with rotary tillage, and corn season is no-tillage；Wheat next year, rotary tillage season, it is beautiful
Rice season subsoiling, tillage method is next year carried out in turn.
2. the beautiful two ripe high yields of wheat according to claim 1 and the cultivated method of combination wheel for improving organic carbon content, its feature exist
In corn stalk powder crushing straw length is less than or equal to 5cm after crushing.
3. the beautiful two ripe high yields of wheat according to claim 1 and the cultivated method of combination wheel for improving organic carbon content, its feature exist
In step (1), subsoiling is to use comprehensive subsoiling, and subsoiling number of times is 2 times；First time subsoiling amplitude is 60-75cm, the
The secondary interval in 60-75cm breadth carries out the 2nd subsoiling.
4. the beautiful two ripe high yields of wheat according to claim 1 and the cultivated method of combination wheel for improving organic carbon content, its feature exist
In step (1) subsoiling depth is 30~40cm.
5. the beautiful two ripe high yields of wheat according to claim 1 and the cultivated method of combination wheel for improving organic carbon content, its feature exist
In the shallow rotary tillage depth of step (1) is 6~8cm, and shallow rotary tillage number of times is 1-3 times.
6. the beautiful two ripe high yields of wheat according to claim 1 and the cultivated method of combination wheel for improving organic carbon content, its feature exist
In step (2) depth rotary tillage number of times is 1-3 times, 14~15cm of rotary tillage depth.
7. the beautiful two ripe high yields of wheat according to claim 1 and the cultivated method of combination wheel for improving organic carbon content, its feature exist
In step (2) subsoiling depth is 45~50cm, and subsoiling number of times is 1-3 times.
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| CN109042158A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-12-21 | 河南省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of regional three kind of three receipts Silage high-yield planting method in Henan south |
| CN109348767A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-02-19 | 河南农业大学 | Soil improvement method under the Wheat Maize Rotation system of North China Meadow Soil |
| CN112075305A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-15 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for improving soil productivity of yellow river old course wheat-corn rotation area |
| CN112088735A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-18 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Method for improving degraded plough layer of wheat-jade double-cropping area |
| CN112616588A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-09 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Annual water-saving yield-increasing planting method for wheat and corn in hilly dry land |
| CN113396663A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-17 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Crop high-yield regulation and control method in microbial fertilizer and straw returning deep ploughing mode |
| CN113875340A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2022-01-04 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Excitation type straw dislocation wheel returning full-tillage layer fertilizing method |
| CN114208434A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-03-22 | 内蒙古民族大学 | Shallow-buried drip irrigation corn straw returning method |
| CN114793791A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-29 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Wheat-corn double cropping three-purpose and one-turn tillage planting method |
| CN114868608A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-08-09 | 安徽省六君农业科技发展有限公司 | Cultivation method for double-cropping mechanized high yield of Huaibei original wheat and jade |
| CN115226581A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-10-25 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Wheat-corn deep non-intermittent cultivation method |
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