CN105284394A - High-yield planting method for preventing and treating corn stem rot in semi-arid regions - Google Patents
High-yield planting method for preventing and treating corn stem rot in semi-arid regions Download PDFInfo
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- CN105284394A CN105284394A CN201510820139.5A CN201510820139A CN105284394A CN 105284394 A CN105284394 A CN 105284394A CN 201510820139 A CN201510820139 A CN 201510820139A CN 105284394 A CN105284394 A CN 105284394A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种半干旱地区防治玉米茎腐病高产种植方法，属于农业种植栽培技术领域。它包括选地与整地、选种、种子处理、打垄、施底肥、播种滴灌施水、除草及覆膜、追肥、田间管理、茎腐病预防和收获等步骤。本发明解决了秸秆全量还田从而影响第二年玉米播种出苗率的问题，通过将玉米种子处理后，其出苗率可提高5%以上，并且不影响第二年秸秆还田；本发明防治玉米茎腐病的方法对玉米茎腐病防治效果达到70%以上；且玉米节水40%以上，玉米产量提高到800-1000公斤每公顷；克服了生态环境对农业生产造成的不利因素，改变传统农业生产模式，提高了单位产量，实现增产增效，具有减少土壤风蚀、保护环境、提高作物抗旱稳产能力的作用。The invention discloses a high-yield planting method for preventing and treating corn stalk rot in a semi-arid area, belonging to the technical field of agricultural planting and cultivation. It includes the steps of land selection and preparation, seed selection, seed treatment, ridge making, base fertilizer application, seeding and drip irrigation, weeding and mulching, top dressing, field management, stem rot prevention and harvesting. The invention solves the problem that the full amount of straw returning to the field affects the emergence rate of corn sowing in the second year. After the corn seeds are treated, the emergence rate can be increased by more than 5%, and the straw returning to the field in the second year is not affected; the invention prevents and treats corn The stem rot method has achieved more than 70% control effect on corn stem rot; more than 40% of corn water has been saved, and the corn yield has increased to 800-1000 kg per hectare; it has overcome the unfavorable factors caused by the ecological environment on agricultural production and changed the traditional The agricultural production mode increases the unit output, realizes the increase in production and efficiency, and has the functions of reducing soil wind erosion, protecting the environment, and improving the ability of crops to resist drought and stabilize production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural planting technical field of cultivation, more particularly, relate to a kind of semiarid zone control of maize stem rot high-yield planting method.
Background technology
Northeast is in the most northern of China temperate zone, close to subfrigid zone, has significant temperate zone monsoon sex climate feature.West in Jilin Province is dry and sandy area, Horqin Caoyuan east.Soil is light chernozem, meadow soil, aeolian sandy soil and saline-alkali soil, and the content of organic matter is below 1.5%, and annual precipitation is 300-400mm only, and dry spring is windy.Under such natural conditions, be unfavorable for the high yield of the dry crops such as corn, stable yields.
Stalk is important organic resource, and containing a large amount of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element in stalk, maize straw total crop return is conducive to fertilizing soil.Not only can supplement soil nutrient, but also can effectively improve soil physical chemistry and biological character.Simultaneously also for raising resource utilization, cost-saving synergistic, improves arable land base power, maintains agricultural sustainable development significant.But most crushed stalk that adopts turns over also field in northern China maize straw full dose direct returning to farmland technology.Because earth's surface exists stalk the 2nd year certain difficulty that sowed the seed in spring, and be difficult to save seedling from damage, particularly straw-returning year after year, straw decomposing is bad, larger for insemination and emergence impact.
Corn stalk rot disease all has generation in each corn-growing regions of China.In the corn growth later stage, the stipes of infection process plant near surface, cause nutrition and moisture conveying to be obstructed, stem stalk rots.Corn runs into larger rainfall and cruelly fine after rain in the filling stage, and stem rot occurs serious.In the general time, field diseased plant rate is about 5%, is suitable for the time in condition, and field diseased plant rate reaches more than 20%.Diseased plant kernel grouting is not enough, causes the underproduction.This disease is caused by soil-borne pathogen, mainly comprises sickle-like bacteria and pythium spp.1, fusarium moniliforme
fusariummoniliforme; 2, Fusarium graminearum
fusariumgraminearum; 3, standing grain is raw rotten mould
pythiumgraminicola; 4, melon and fruit corruption is mould
pythiumaphanidermatum; 5, Pythium inflatum
pythiuminflatumdeng.This disease mainly occurs in corn stem base portion joint position, and classical symptom is that after corn enters milk ripe stage, complete stool blade fades suddenly, matt, becomes cinerous very soon and dries up.Basal part of stem 1-3 saves browning and feels like jelly, and cuts rear visible stem myeloid tissue browning open, and myeloid tissue is decomposed, only surplus vascular tissue, and plant very easily lodges.Root system blackening is rotted, and loses support force.Fruit ear hangs upside down, and plant early ageing is dead.Fall ill slower plant, and its blade is yellow withered shape.
Therefore, for corn planting creates good ecological condition, be the key that development arid biogeographic zone seeding corn is produced.
Summary of the invention
, the problem that will solve
For the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of semiarid zone control of maize stem rot high-yield planting method, by to the whole decomposition of this season stalk, solve returning total stalks into fields thus affect the problem of Second Year corn seeding emergence rate, by the method in the present invention by after corn seed process, its emergence rate can improve 6%, and does not affect Second Year straw-returning; And in the test of Qianan County, Jilin Province and demonstration, 73% is reached to corn stalk rot disease control efficiency by the method for control of maize stem rot of the present invention.
, technical scheme
In order to solve the problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of semiarid zone control of maize stem rot high-yield planting method, comprises the steps:
(1) selection of land and whole: under-film drip irrigation maize planting should select that physical features is smooth, soil fertility is higher, has the plot in flakes of well irrigation condition; Stubble-cleaning, whole ground or can carry out before sowing after autumn harvest spring, and by below crushed stalk to 5 centimetre when autumn gathers in the crops, and adopt that machinery is outstanding ploughs stubble-cleaning, stubble-cleaning is not less than 15 centimetres deeply, and broken stubble is long is less than 5 centimetres;
(2) choose seeds: the High planting corn variety passing through country or provincial authorization selecting to be applicable to local working condition, under the density of per hectare more than 6.5 ten thousand strains, the corn variety of high yield non-lodging, and require that seed purity is high, full grains, vitality is strong, and germination rate is high;
(3) seed treatment: spread out by the seed of the non-dressing bought and ted 1-2 days in the sun, then, the process of using plasma processor, with 1.0A dosage process 2-3 time; Then corn seed after process is immersed in nutrient solution the 10-20min that soaks seed;
(4) ridge is beaten: play conventional ridge, row spacing 60-65 centimetre by three plough river methods; Again every furrow deep ploughing one plough, plough point should reach 35 centimetres to ridge platform; And adopt large-ridge double-row mode to close large ridge, and suppress in time;
(5) applying fertilizer to the subsoil: when beating before corn seeding, applying base fertilizer to corn planting region;
(6) sow drip irrigation and execute water weeding and overlay film: regardless of moisture situation, the general time is in 27-May 10 April, 5 cm layer of soil temperature stabilizations can be sowed by more than 10 degree, density is 6.3-8.5 ten thousand strain every mu, adopt drip irrigation under film seeding corn, after planting carry out drip irrigation immediately and execute water, wherein the amount of dripping and time of dripping are determined according to soil moisture content situation, dripping last 2 hours, utilizing fertilizer spreading tank to instill straw decomposition agent; Corn growing season is poured water according to weather condition and corn growth situation; Seed manure can adopt when to apply during sowing or drip and adopt fertilizer spreading tank to apply; And before pipe laying covering film even herbicide spraying, soil is closed, then timely covering film;
(7) topdress: all topdressing all applies water soluble fertilizer or liquid fertilizer, joins execute in each Different Stages in Growth Period ratio of corn, adopts bypass type fertilizer spreading tank or Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator to apply;
(8) field management: comprise and draw seedling, go to tiller, spray chemical control agent, Corn diseases and insect pests control, thinning after-culture, intertill and clean tillage, ridging and irrigation and drainage;
(9) stem rot prevention: corn growing season carries out pouring water and applying fertilizer according to weather condition and corn growth situation, undertaken using stem rot bactericide by fertilizer spreading tank in corn pustulation period to milk ripe stage corn growth middle and later periods, confluent is determined according to soil moisture content, within last 1-2 hour, use stem rot bactericide in feedwater, the composition of described bactericide and consumption are 25% metalaxyl wetting powder 2 kg/ha and 50% fludioxonil wetting powder 2 kg/ha;
(10) gather in the crops: when corn is ripe, adopt corn picker results, stalk is directly crushed to length and is not more than 5 centimetres, then evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields 75 kilograms/hectare, urea, then turns over 30 centimetres, crushing straw is ploughed under underground.
Further, the nutrient solution in described step (3) is made up of sucrose 30-35g/L, aspartic acid 5-9g/L and potassium hydroxide 50-60g/L.
Further, the ridge bottom width 120-130 centimetre on large ridge is closed in described step (4), ridge top width 80-90 centimetre.
Further, in described step (5), base fertilizer composition and consumption are fertilizer 40 cubic metres/hectare, N-P
2o
5-K
2o:30-60-30 kg/ha and S-Mg-Zn-B-Mn:40-8-20-8-8 kg/ha.
Further, straw decomposition agent consumption 30 kilograms/hectare in described step (6); Described seed manure composition and consumption are N-P
2o
5-K
2o:10-5-10 kg/ha; Described weed killer herbicide is the agent of Acetochlor+atrazine+2,4D butyl ester ternary built, evenly sprays respectively by 675 grams (a.i.)+855 grams (a.i.)+216 grams (a.i.).
Further, in described step (6), drip irrigation under film sowing is the seed furrow adopting open-minded 2 row dark 10-12 centimetre, line-spacing 40 centimetres on large ridge; Employing no-tillage seeding machine is sowed, sowing depth 3-4 centimetre, broadcasts rear timely earthing, suppression, herbicide spraying, paving drip irrigation pipe, overlay film once complete.
Further, the mulch film in described step (6) is selected that transverse and longitudinal pulling force is strong, the transparency is good, can be degraded, and meet the mulch film of semiarid zone corn growth needs, wide cut is between 110-120 centimetre, and thickness is 0.006-0.010 millimeter.
Further, topdress in described step (7) and to topdress N-P by the corn shooting stage respectively
2o
5-K
2o:55-10-20 kg/ha; The typhon mouth phase topdresses N-P
2o
5-K
2o:95-15-30 kg/ha; Pustulation period topdresses N-P
2o
5-K
2o:35-10-20 kg/ha.
Further, according to the irrigation norm of soil moisture content determination corn different growing stages, ensure that in irrigation quantity and corn growth stage, rainfall summation is between 450-500 millimeter; Each growth period amount of dripping of described corn is: sowing time 150 cubic metres/hectare-250 cubic metres/hectares; Shooting stage 300 cubic metres/hectare-400 cubic metres/hectares; Booting stage 400 cubic metres/hectare-500 cubic metres/hectares; Pustulation period 450 cubic metres/hectare-550 cubic metres/hectares; Milk ripe stage 200 cubic metres/hectare-300 cubic metres/hectares.
, beneficial effect
Compared to prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention passes through the whole decomposition of this season stalk, solve returning total stalks into fields thus affect the problem of Second Year corn seeding emergence rate, by the method in the present invention by after corn seed process, its emergence rate can improve more than 5%, and does not affect Second Year straw-returning;
(2) general undesirable by seed coat agent dressing control of maize stem rot control efficiency in prior art, this is because the generation period of corn stalk rot disease and the particularity of happening part determine, the control efficiency of seed coating medicine is generally about 40%, and by the method for control of maize stem rot of the present invention and in the test of Qianan County, Jilin Province and demonstration, to corn stalk rot disease control efficiency more than 70%;
(3) the present invention was through more than 10 years application attestations, this technology is utilized to be the sustainable technologies of a high-efficiency water-saving, volume increase, diseases prevention, synergy, corn water saving more than 40%, corn stalk rot disease preventive effect improves more than 30%, and corn yield brings up to 800-1000 kilogram of per hectare by past 500 kilograms of per hectares;
(4) instant invention overcomes the unfavorable factor that ecotope causes agricultural production, change traditional farming production model, improve specific yield, realize increasing production and improying productivity, there is the effect reducing soil wind erosion, protection of the environment, raising crop drought resistance production rate-maintenance capability; And for the growth rhythm of corn and the demand of nutrient component, the type of seeding of corn, topdressing method and field management method etc. are optimized, significantly improve the output of corn;
(5) the invention solves and to keep a full stand of seedings difficulty, the problem that many sick, high yield is difficult, stable yields is difficult in the sowing of arid biogeographic zone seeding corn, be high-quality, the Efficient Cultivation of dry land corn, realize high yield, stable yields provides strong technical support.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described further.
embodiment 1
A kind of semiarid zone control of maize stem rot high-yield planting method, comprises the steps:
(1) selection of land and whole: under-film drip irrigation maize planting should select that physical features is smooth, soil fertility is higher, has the plot in flakes of well irrigation condition; Stubble-cleaning, whole ground or can carry out before sowing after autumn harvest spring, and by below crushed stalk to 5 centimetre when autumn gathers in the crops, and adopt that machinery is outstanding ploughs stubble-cleaning, stubble-cleaning is not less than 15 centimetres deeply, and broken stubble is long is less than 5 centimetres;
(2) choose seeds: the High planting corn variety passing through country or provincial authorization selecting to be applicable to local working condition, under the density of per hectare more than 6.5 ten thousand strains, the corn variety of high yield non-lodging, and require that seed purity is high, full grains, vitality is strong, and germination rate is high;
(3) seed treatment: spread out by the seed of the non-dressing bought and ted 1-2 days in the sun, then, the process of using plasma processor, with 1.0A dosage process 2-3 time; Then corn seed after process is immersed in the nutrient solution be made up of sucrose 32g/L, aspartic acid 7g/L and potassium hydroxide 55g/L the 15min that soaks seed;
(4) ridge is beaten: play conventional ridge, row spacing 62 centimetres by three plough river methods; Again every furrow deep ploughing one plough, plough point should reach 35 centimetres to ridge platform; And adopt large-ridge double-row mode to close large ridge, and suppress in time, close the ridge bottom width 125 centimetres on large ridge, ridge top width 85 centimetres;
(5) applying fertilizer to the subsoil: when beating before corn seeding, applying by fertilizer 40 cubic metres/hectare, N-P to corn planting region
2o
5-K
2the base fertilizer of O:30-60-30 kg/ha and S-Mg-Zn-B-Mn:40-8-20-8-8 kg/ha composition;
(6) sow drip irrigation and execute water weeding and overlay film: regardless of moisture situation, the general time is in 27-May 10 April, 5 cm layer of soil temperature stabilizations can be sowed by more than 10 degree, density is 7.2 ten thousand strain every mu, adopt drip irrigation under film seeding corn, drip irrigation under film sowing is the seed furrow adopting open-minded dark 11 centimetres of 2 row, line-spacing 40 centimetres on large ridge; Employing no-tillage seeding machine is sowed, sowing depth 3-4 centimetre, broadcast rear timely earthing, suppression, herbicide spraying, paving drip irrigation pipe, overlay film once complete, after planting carry out drip irrigation immediately and execute water, wherein the amount of dripping and time of dripping are determined according to soil moisture content situation, dripping last 2 hours, fertilizer spreading tank is utilized to instill the straw decomposition agent of 30 kilograms/hectare; Corn growing season is poured water according to weather condition and corn growth situation; Seed manure can adopt when to apply during sowing or drip and adopt fertilizer spreading tank to apply, and described seed manure composition and consumption are N-P
2o
5-K
2o:10-5-10 kg/ha; Described weed killer herbicide is the agent of Acetochlor+atrazine+2,4D butyl ester ternary built, evenly sprays respectively by 675 grams (a.i.)+855 grams (a.i.)+216 grams (a.i.); And before pipe laying covering film even herbicide spraying, soil is closed, then timely covering film, and mulch film is selected that transverse and longitudinal pulling force is strong, the transparency is good, can be degraded, and meet the mulch film of semiarid zone corn growth needs, wide cut is at 115 centimetres, and thickness is 0.008 millimeter;
(7) topdress: all topdressing all applies water soluble fertilizer or liquid fertilizer, joins execute in each Different Stages in Growth Period ratio of corn, adopts bypass type fertilizer spreading tank or Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator to apply, to topdress N-P by the corn shooting stage respectively
2o
5-K
2o:55-10-20 kg/ha; The typhon mouth phase topdresses N-P
2o
5-K
2o:95-15-30 kg/ha; Pustulation period topdresses N-P
2o
5-K
2o:35-10-20 kg/ha;
(8) field management: comprise and draw seedling, go to tiller, spray chemical control agent, Corn diseases and insect pests control, thinning after-culture, intertill and clean tillage, ridging and irrigation and drainage;
(9) stem rot prevention: corn growing season carries out pouring water and applying fertilizer according to weather condition and corn growth situation, undertaken using stem rot bactericide by fertilizer spreading tank in corn pustulation period to milk ripe stage corn growth middle and later periods, confluent is determined according to soil moisture content, within last 1-2 hour, use stem rot bactericide in feedwater, the composition of described bactericide and consumption are 25% metalaxyl wetting powder 2 kg/ha and 50% fludioxonil wetting powder 2 kg/ha;
(10) gather in the crops: when corn is ripe, adopt corn picker results, stalk is directly crushed to length and is not more than 5 centimetres, then evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields 75 kilograms/hectare, urea, then turns over 30 centimetres, crushing straw is ploughed under underground.
It should be noted that the irrigation norm according to soil moisture content determination corn different growing stages, ensure that in irrigation quantity and corn growth stage, rainfall summation is between 475 millimeters; Each growth period amount of dripping of described corn is: sowing time 150 cubic metres/hectare-250 cubic metres/hectares; Shooting stage 300 cubic metres/hectare-400 cubic metres/hectares; Booting stage 400 cubic metres/hectare-500 cubic metres/hectares; Pustulation period 450 cubic metres/hectare-550 cubic metres/hectares; Milk ripe stage 200 cubic metres/hectare-300 cubic metres/hectares.
The present invention passes through the whole decomposition of this season stalk, solve returning total stalks into fields thus affect the problem of Second Year corn seeding emergence rate, by the method in the present invention by after corn seed process, its emergence rate can improve 6%, and does not affect Second Year straw-returning; And in the test of Qianan County, Jilin Province and demonstration, 73% is reached to corn stalk rot disease control efficiency by the method for control of maize stem rot of the present invention; Corn yield brings up to 1000 kilograms of per hectares by past 500 kilograms of per hectares.Instant invention overcomes the unfavorable factor that ecotope causes agricultural production, change traditional farming production model, improve specific yield, realize increasing production and improying productivity, there is the effect reducing soil wind erosion, protection of the environment, raising crop drought resistance production rate-maintenance capability; And for the growth rhythm of corn and the demand of nutrient component, the type of seeding of corn, topdressing method and field management method etc. are optimized, significantly improve the output of corn; Solve and to keep a full stand of seedings difficulty, the problem that many sick, high yield is difficult, stable yields is difficult in the sowing of arid biogeographic zone seeding corn, be high-quality, the Efficient Cultivation of dry land corn, realize high yield, stable yields provides strong technical support.
embodiment 2
A kind of semiarid zone control of maize stem rot high-yield planting method, comprises the steps:
(1) selection of land and whole: under-film drip irrigation maize planting should select that physical features is smooth, soil fertility is higher, has the plot in flakes of well irrigation condition; Stubble-cleaning, whole ground or can carry out before sowing after autumn harvest spring, and by below crushed stalk to 5 centimetre when autumn gathers in the crops, and adopt that machinery is outstanding ploughs stubble-cleaning, stubble-cleaning is not less than 15 centimetres deeply, and broken stubble is long is less than 5 centimetres;
(2) choose seeds: the High planting corn variety passing through country or provincial authorization selecting to be applicable to local working condition, under the density of per hectare more than 6.5 ten thousand strains, the corn variety of high yield non-lodging, and require that seed purity is high, full grains, vitality is strong, and germination rate is high;
(3) seed treatment: spread out by the seed of the non-dressing bought and ted 1-2 days in the sun, then, the process of using plasma processor, with 1.0A dosage process 2-3 time; Then corn seed after process is immersed in the nutrient solution be made up of sucrose 30g/L, aspartic acid 5g/L and potassium hydroxide 50g/L the 20min that soaks seed;
(4) ridge is beaten: play conventional ridge, row spacing 60 centimetres by three plough river methods; Again every furrow deep ploughing one plough, plough point should reach 35 centimetres to ridge platform; And adopt large-ridge double-row mode to close large ridge, and suppress in time, close the ridge bottom width 120 centimetres on large ridge, ridge top width 80 centimetres;
(5) applying fertilizer to the subsoil: when beating before corn seeding, applying by fertilizer 40 cubic metres/hectare, N-P to corn planting region
2o
5-K
2the base fertilizer of O:30-60-30 kg/ha and S-Mg-Zn-B-Mn:40-8-20-8-8 kg/ha composition;
(6) sow drip irrigation and execute water weeding and overlay film: regardless of moisture situation, the general time is in 27-May 10 April, 5 cm layer of soil temperature stabilizations can be sowed by more than 10 degree, density is 6.3 ten thousand strain every mu, adopt drip irrigation under film seeding corn, drip irrigation under film sowing is the seed furrow adopting open-minded dark 10 centimetres of 2 row, line-spacing 40 centimetres on large ridge; Employing no-tillage seeding machine is sowed, sowing depth 3-4 centimetre, broadcast rear timely earthing, suppression, herbicide spraying, paving drip irrigation pipe, overlay film once complete, after planting carry out drip irrigation immediately and execute water, wherein the amount of dripping and time of dripping are determined according to soil moisture content situation, dripping last 2 hours, fertilizer spreading tank is utilized to instill the straw decomposition agent of 30 kilograms/hectare; Corn growing season is poured water according to weather condition and corn growth situation; Seed manure can adopt when to apply during sowing or drip and adopt fertilizer spreading tank to apply, and described seed manure composition and consumption are N-P
2o
5-K
2o:10-5-10 kg/ha; Described weed killer herbicide is the agent of Acetochlor+atrazine+2,4D butyl ester ternary built, evenly sprays respectively by 675 grams (a.i.)+855 grams (a.i.)+216 grams (a.i.); And before pipe laying covering film even herbicide spraying, soil is closed, then timely covering film, mulch film is selected that transverse and longitudinal pulling force is strong, the transparency is good, can be degraded, meet the mulch film of semiarid zone corn growth needs, wide cut is between 110 centimetres, and thickness is 0.006 millimeter;
(7) topdress: all topdressing all applies water soluble fertilizer or liquid fertilizer, joins execute in each Different Stages in Growth Period ratio of corn, adopts bypass type fertilizer spreading tank or Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator to apply, to topdress N-P by the corn shooting stage respectively
2o
5-K
2o:55-10-20 kg/ha; The typhon mouth phase topdresses N-P
2o
5-K
2o:95-15-30 kg/ha; Pustulation period topdresses N-P
2o
5-K
2o:35-10-20 kg/ha;
(8) field management: comprise and draw seedling, go to tiller, spray chemical control agent, Corn diseases and insect pests control, thinning after-culture, intertill and clean tillage, ridging and irrigation and drainage;
(9) stem rot prevention: corn growing season carries out pouring water and applying fertilizer according to weather condition and corn growth situation, undertaken using stem rot bactericide by fertilizer spreading tank in corn pustulation period to milk ripe stage corn growth middle and later periods, confluent is determined according to soil moisture content, within last 1-2 hour, use stem rot bactericide in feedwater, the composition of described bactericide and consumption are 25% metalaxyl wetting powder 2 kg/ha and 50% fludioxonil wetting powder 2 kg/ha;
(10) gather in the crops: when corn is ripe, adopt corn picker results, stalk is directly crushed to length and is not more than 5 centimetres, then evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields 75 kilograms/hectare, urea, then turns over 30 centimetres, crushing straw is ploughed under underground.
It should be noted that the irrigation norm according to soil moisture content determination corn different growing stages, ensure that in irrigation quantity and corn growth stage, rainfall summation is between 450 millimeters; Each growth period amount of dripping of described corn is: sowing time 150 cubic metres/hectare-250 cubic metres/hectares; Shooting stage 300 cubic metres/hectare-400 cubic metres/hectares; Booting stage 400 cubic metres/hectare-500 cubic metres/hectares; Pustulation period 450 cubic metres/hectare-550 cubic metres/hectares; Milk ripe stage 200 cubic metres/hectare-300 cubic metres/hectares.
embodiment 3
A kind of semiarid zone control of maize stem rot high-yield planting method, comprises the steps:
(1) selection of land and whole: under-film drip irrigation maize planting should select that physical features is smooth, soil fertility is higher, has the plot in flakes of well irrigation condition; Stubble-cleaning, whole ground or can carry out before sowing after autumn harvest spring, and by below crushed stalk to 5 centimetre when autumn gathers in the crops, and adopt that machinery is outstanding ploughs stubble-cleaning, stubble-cleaning is not less than 15 centimetres deeply, and broken stubble is long is less than 5 centimetres;
(2) choose seeds: the High planting corn variety passing through country or provincial authorization selecting to be applicable to local working condition, under the density of per hectare more than 6.5 ten thousand strains, the corn variety of high yield non-lodging, and require that seed purity is high, full grains, vitality is strong, and germination rate is high;
(3) seed treatment: spread out by the seed of the non-dressing bought and ted 1-2 days in the sun, then, the process of using plasma processor, with 1.0A dosage process 2-3 time; Then corn seed after process is immersed in the nutrient solution be made up of sucrose 35g/L, aspartic acid 9g/L and potassium hydroxide 60g/L the 10min that soaks seed;
(4) ridge is beaten: play conventional ridge, row spacing 65 centimetres by three plough river methods; Again every furrow deep ploughing one plough, plough point should reach 35 centimetres to ridge platform; And adopt large-ridge double-row mode to close large ridge, and suppress in time, close the ridge bottom width 130 centimetres on large ridge, ridge top width 90 centimetres;
(5) applying fertilizer to the subsoil: when beating before corn seeding, applying by fertilizer 40 cubic metres/hectare, N-P to corn planting region
2o
5-K
2the base fertilizer of O:30-60-30 kg/ha and S-Mg-Zn-B-Mn:40-8-20-8-8 kg/ha composition;
(6) sow drip irrigation and execute water weeding and overlay film: regardless of moisture situation, the general time is in 27-May 10 April, 5 cm layer of soil temperature stabilizations can be sowed by more than 10 degree, density is 8.5 ten thousand strain every mu, adopt drip irrigation under film seeding corn, drip irrigation under film sowing is the seed furrow adopting open-minded dark 12 centimetres of 2 row, line-spacing 40 centimetres on large ridge; Employing no-tillage seeding machine is sowed, sowing depth 3-4 centimetre, broadcast rear timely earthing, suppression, herbicide spraying, paving drip irrigation pipe, overlay film once complete, after planting carry out drip irrigation immediately and execute water, wherein the amount of dripping and time of dripping are determined according to soil moisture content situation, dripping last 2 hours, fertilizer spreading tank is utilized to instill the straw decomposition agent of 30 kilograms/hectare; Corn growing season is poured water according to weather condition and corn growth situation; Seed manure can adopt when to apply during sowing or drip and adopt fertilizer spreading tank to apply, and described seed manure composition and consumption are N-P
2o
5-K
2o:10-5-10 kg/ha; Described weed killer herbicide is the agent of Acetochlor+atrazine+2,4D butyl ester ternary built, evenly sprays respectively by 675 grams (a.i.)+855 grams (a.i.)+216 grams (a.i.); And before pipe laying covering film even herbicide spraying, soil is closed, then timely covering film, mulch film is selected that transverse and longitudinal pulling force is strong, the transparency is good, can be degraded, meet the mulch film of semiarid zone corn growth needs, wide cut is between 120 centimetres, and thickness is 0.010 millimeter;
(7) topdress: all topdressing all applies water soluble fertilizer or liquid fertilizer, joins execute in each Different Stages in Growth Period ratio of corn, adopts bypass type fertilizer spreading tank or Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator to apply, to topdress N-P by the corn shooting stage respectively
2o
5-K
2o:55-10-20 kg/ha; The typhon mouth phase topdresses N-P
2o
5-K
2o:95-15-30 kg/ha; Pustulation period topdresses N-P
2o
5-K
2o:35-10-20 kg/ha;
(8) field management: comprise and draw seedling, go to tiller, spray chemical control agent, Corn diseases and insect pests control, thinning after-culture, intertill and clean tillage, ridging and irrigation and drainage;
(9) stem rot prevention: corn growing season carries out pouring water and applying fertilizer according to weather condition and corn growth situation, undertaken using stem rot bactericide by fertilizer spreading tank in corn pustulation period to milk ripe stage corn growth middle and later periods, confluent is determined according to soil moisture content, within last 1-2 hour, use stem rot bactericide in feedwater, the composition of described bactericide and consumption are 25% metalaxyl wetting powder 2 kg/ha and 50% fludioxonil wetting powder 2 kg/ha;
(10) gather in the crops: when corn is ripe, adopt corn picker results, stalk is directly crushed to length and is not more than 5 centimetres, then evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields 75 kilograms/hectare, urea, then turns over 30 centimetres, crushing straw is ploughed under underground.
It should be noted that the irrigation norm according to soil moisture content determination corn different growing stages, ensure that in irrigation quantity and corn growth stage, rainfall summation is between 500 millimeters; Each growth period amount of dripping of described corn is: sowing time 150 cubic metres/hectare-250 cubic metres/hectares; Shooting stage 300 cubic metres/hectare-400 cubic metres/hectares; Booting stage 400 cubic metres/hectare-500 cubic metres/hectares; Pustulation period 450 cubic metres/hectare-550 cubic metres/hectares; Milk ripe stage 200 cubic metres/hectare-300 cubic metres/hectares.
Schematically above be described the present invention and embodiment thereof, this description is not restricted.So, if those of ordinary skill in the art enlightens by it, when not departing from the invention aim, designing the frame mode embodiment similar to this technical scheme without creationary, all should protection scope of the present invention be belonged to.
Claims (9)
1. a semiarid zone control of maize stem rot high-yield planting method, is characterized in that, described implantation methods comprises the steps:
(1) selection of land and whole: under-film drip irrigation maize planting should select that physical features is smooth, soil fertility is higher, has the plot in flakes of well irrigation condition; Stubble-cleaning, whole ground or can carry out before sowing after autumn harvest spring, and by below crushed stalk to 5 centimetre when autumn gathers in the crops, and adopt that machinery is outstanding ploughs stubble-cleaning, stubble-cleaning is not less than 15 centimetres deeply, and broken stubble is long is less than 5 centimetres;
(2) choose seeds: the High planting corn variety passing through country or provincial authorization selecting to be applicable to local working condition, under the density of per hectare more than 6.5 ten thousand strains, the corn variety of high yield non-lodging, and require that seed purity is high, full grains, vitality is strong, and germination rate is high;
(3) seed treatment: spread out by the seed of the non-dressing bought and ted 1-2 days in the sun, then, the process of using plasma processor, with 1.0A dosage process 2-3 time; Then corn seed after process is immersed in nutrient solution the 10-20min that soaks seed;
(4) ridge is beaten: play conventional ridge, row spacing 60-65 centimetre by three plough river methods; Again every furrow deep ploughing one plough, plough point should reach 35 centimetres to ridge platform; And adopt large-ridge double-row mode to close large ridge, and suppress in time;
(5) applying fertilizer to the subsoil: when beating before corn seeding, applying base fertilizer to corn planting region;
(6) sow drip irrigation and execute water weeding and overlay film: regardless of moisture situation, the general time is in 27-May 10 April, 5 cm layer of soil temperature stabilizations can be sowed by more than 10 degree, density is 6.3-8.5 ten thousand strain every mu, adopt drip irrigation under film seeding corn, after planting carry out drip irrigation immediately and execute water, wherein the amount of dripping and time of dripping are determined according to soil moisture content situation, dripping last 2 hours, utilizing fertilizer spreading tank to instill straw decomposition agent; Corn growing season is poured water according to weather condition and corn growth situation; Seed manure can adopt when to apply during sowing or drip and adopt fertilizer spreading tank to apply; And before pipe laying covering film even herbicide spraying, soil is closed, then timely covering film;
(7) topdress: all topdressing all applies water soluble fertilizer or liquid fertilizer, joins execute in each Different Stages in Growth Period ratio of corn, adopts bypass type fertilizer spreading tank or Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator to apply;
(8) field management: comprise and draw seedling, go to tiller, spray chemical control agent, Corn diseases and insect pests control, thinning after-culture, intertill and clean tillage, ridging and irrigation and drainage;
(9) stem rot prevention: corn growing season carries out pouring water and applying fertilizer according to weather condition and corn growth situation, undertaken using stem rot bactericide by fertilizer spreading tank in corn pustulation period to milk ripe stage corn growth middle and later periods, confluent is determined according to soil moisture content, within last 1-2 hour, use stem rot bactericide in feedwater, the composition of described bactericide and consumption are 25% metalaxyl wetting powder 2 kg/ha and 50% fludioxonil wetting powder 2 kg/ha;
(10) gather in the crops: when corn is ripe, adopt corn picker results, stalk is directly crushed to length and is not more than 5 centimetres, then evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields 75 kilograms/hectare, urea, then turns over 30 centimetres, crushing straw is ploughed under underground.
2. a kind of semiarid zone according to claim 1 control of maize stem rot high-yield planting method, it is characterized in that, the nutrient solution in described step (3) is made up of sucrose 30-35g/L, aspartic acid 5-9g/L and potassium hydroxide 50-60g/L.
3. a kind of semiarid zone according to claim 1 control of maize stem rot high-yield planting method, is characterized in that, closes the ridge bottom width 120-130 centimetre on large ridge, ridge top width 80-90 centimetre in described step (4).
4. a kind of semiarid zone according to claim 1 control of maize stem rot high-yield planting method, is characterized in that, in described step (5), base fertilizer composition and consumption are fertilizer 40 cubic metres/hectare, N-P
2o
5-K
2o:30-60-30 kg/ha and S-Mg-Zn-B-Mn:40-8-20-8-8 kg/ha.
5. a kind of semiarid zone according to claim 1 control of maize stem rot high-yield planting method, is characterized in that, straw decomposition agent consumption 30 kilograms/hectare in described step (6); Described seed manure composition and consumption are N-P
2o
5-K
2o:10-5-10 kg/ha; Described weed killer herbicide is the agent of Acetochlor+atrazine+2,4D butyl ester ternary built, evenly sprays respectively by 675 grams (a.i.)+855 grams (a.i.)+216 grams (a.i.).
6. a kind of semiarid zone according to claim 1 control of maize stem rot high-yield planting method, is characterized in that, in described step (6), drip irrigation under film sowing is the seed furrow adopting open-minded 2 row dark 10-12 centimetre, line-spacing 40 centimetres on large ridge; Employing no-tillage seeding machine is sowed, sowing depth 3-4 centimetre, broadcasts rear timely earthing, suppression, herbicide spraying, paving drip irrigation pipe, overlay film once complete.
7. a kind of semiarid zone according to claim 1 control of maize stem rot high-yield planting method, it is characterized in that, mulch film in described step (6) is selected that transverse and longitudinal pulling force is strong, the transparency is good, can be degraded, meet the mulch film of semiarid zone corn growth needs, wide cut is between 110-120 centimetre, and thickness is 0.006-0.010 millimeter.
8. a kind of semiarid zone according to claim 1 control of maize stem rot high-yield planting method, is characterized in that, topdresses and topdress N-P by the corn shooting stage respectively in described step (7)
2o
5-K
2o:55-10-20 kg/ha; The typhon mouth phase topdresses N-P
2o
5-K
2o:95-15-30 kg/ha; Pustulation period topdresses N-P
2o
5-K
2o:35-10-20 kg/ha.
9. a kind of semiarid zone according to claim 1 control of maize stem rot high-yield planting method, it is characterized in that, according to the irrigation norm of soil moisture content determination corn different growing stages, ensure that in irrigation quantity and corn growth stage, rainfall summation is between 450-500 millimeter; Each growth period amount of dripping of described corn is: sowing time 150 cubic metres/hectare-250 cubic metres/hectares; Shooting stage 300 cubic metres/hectare-400 cubic metres/hectares; Booting stage 400 cubic metres/hectare-500 cubic metres/hectares; Pustulation period 450 cubic metres/hectare-550 cubic metres/hectares; Milk ripe stage 200 cubic metres/hectare-300 cubic metres/hectares.
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