CN105284394B - A kind of semiarid zone prevention and treatment corn stalk rot disease high-yield planting method - Google Patents
A kind of semiarid zone prevention and treatment corn stalk rot disease high-yield planting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of semiarid zones to prevent and treat corn stalk rot disease high-yield planting method, belongs to agricultural planting technical field of cultivation.It, which includes selection of land and site preparation, seed selection, seed treatment, Da Long, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, sow trickle irrigation applies water, weeding and overlay film, top dressing, field management, stem rot prevention and harvests.The present invention solves the problems, such as returning total stalks into fields to influence second year corn seeding emergence rate, and after handling corn seed, emergence rate can be improved 5% or more, and not influence second year straw-returning；The method that the present invention prevents and treats corn stalk rot disease reaches 70% or more to corn stalk rot disease control efficiency；And corn water-saving 40% or more, corn yield is increased to 800-1000 kilograms of per hectare；Ecological environment unfavorable factor caused by agricultural production is overcome, changes traditional agriculture production model, improves specific yield, realization is increased production and improved productivity, and is had the function of reducing soil drifting, protection environment, is improved crop drought resistance production rate-maintenance capability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural planting technical field of cultivation, prevent and treat corn more specifically to a kind of semiarid zone
Stem rot high-yield planting method.
Background technique
Northeast is in the most northern of China temperate zone, close to subfrigid zone, has significant temperate zone monsoon climatic characteristic.Jilin
Saving western is Horqin Caoyuan east dry and sandy area.Soil is light chernozem, meadow soil, aeolian sandy soil and saline-alkali soil, organic matter
Content 1.5% hereinafter, annual precipitation only 300-400mm, dry spring are windy.It is unfavorable under such natural conditions
High yield, stable yields in dry crops such as corns.
Stalk is important organic matter resource, contains a large amount of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and microelement, corn in stalk
Returning total stalks into fields is conducive to fertilizing soil.Soil nutrient can be not only supplemented, but also can effectively improve soil physical chemistry and life
Physical property shape.Simultaneously also for resource utilization is improved, cost-saving synergistic improves arable land base power, maintains agricultural sustainable development
It is of great significance.But most crushed using stalk turns over returning to the field in northern China corn stover full dose direct returning to farmland technology.
There is certain difficulty since earth's surface sowed the seed in spring there are stalk the 2nd year, and be difficult to save seedling from damage, especially straw-returning year after year, stalk
It is decomposed bad, insemination and emergence is influenced bigger.
Corn stalk rot disease has generation in each corn-growing regions in China.In the corn growth later period, germ infects plant near-earth
The stipes of table causes nutrition and moisture conveying to be obstructed, and stalk is rotted.Corn is sudden and violent after the filling stage encounters larger rainfall and rain
Fine, stem rot occurs serious.General time, Field diseased plant rate are 5% or so, are suitable for the time in condition, Field diseased plant rate reaches
20% or more.Diseased plant kernel grouting is insufficient, causes the underproduction.The disease is caused by soil-borne pathogen, mainly includes sickle-like bacteria and corruption
Mould.1, fusarium moniliforme Fusariummoniliforme；2, Fusarium graminearum Fusariumgraminearum；3, standing grain is raw rotten
Mould Pythiumgraminicola；4, the rotten mould Pythiumaphanidermatum of melon and fruit；5, Pythium inflatum
Pythiuminflatum etc..The disease occurs mainly in corn stem base portion section, after classical symptom enters milk stage for corn,
Complete stool blade fades suddenly, matt, quickly becomes cinerous and dries up.Basal part of stem 1-3 section browning feels like jelly, and splits rear visible stem
Myeloid tissue browning, myeloid tissue are decomposed, and vascular tissue is only remained, and plant easily lodges.Root system blackening is rotted, and support force is lost.Fruit
Fringe is projecting, and plant early ageing is dead.Fall ill slower plant, and blade is in yellow withered shape.
Therefore, good ecological condition is created for corn planting, is the key that develop the production of arid biogeographic zone seeding corn.
Summary of the invention
, to solve the problems, such as
For the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, it is high that the present invention provides a kind of semiarid zone prevention and treatment corn stalk rot disease
Implantation methods are produced, by returning total stalks into fields being solved and being gone out to influence second year corn seeding to this season stalk whole decomposition
The problem of seedling rate, through the invention in method corn seed is handled after, emergence rate can be improved 6%, and not influence
Second year straw-returning；And the method for the prevention and treatment corn stalk rot disease and in the test of Jilin Province Qianan County and show through the invention
Model reaches 73% to corn stalk rot disease control efficiency.
, technical solution
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of semiarid zone prevention and treatment corn stalk rot disease high-yield planting method, includes the following steps:
(1) selection of land and site preparation: under-film drip irrigation maize planting should select that topography is flat, soil fertility is higher, there is the company of well irrigation condition
Piece plot；Stubble-cleaning, site preparation can carry out after autumn harvest or before spring sowing, and stalk is crushed to 5 centimetres hereinafter, simultaneously when autumn harvests
Using the outstanding cultivated stubble-cleaning of machinery, stubble-cleaning is not less than 15 centimetres deeply, and broken stubble is long less than 5 centimetres；
(2) choose seeds: selection is suitble to the High planting corn variety by national or provincial authorization of local working condition, every public affairs
Just under 6.5 ten thousand plants or more of density, the corn variety of high yield non-lodging, and require seed purity high, and full grains, vitality
By force, germination percentage is high；
(3) seed treatment: the uncoated seed of purchase is spread out and is tedded in the sun 1-2 days, then, using plasma
Body processor processing, with 1.0A dosage processing 2-3 times；Then corn seed after processing is immersed into nutrient solution the 10- that soaks seed
20min；
(4) it beats ridge: playing conventional ridges with three plough river methods, 60-65 centimetres of row spacing；Again every one plough of furrow deep ploughing, plough point to ridge platform
35 centimetres should be reached；And big ridge is closed using large-ridge double-row mode, and suppress in time；
(5) it applies fertilizer to the subsoil: when beating before corn seeding, applying base fertilizer to corn planting region；
(6) sowing trickle irrigation applies water weeding and overlay film: regardless of moisture situation, the general time is in 10 days, 5 lis 27-May of April
Rice soil temperature, which is stablized, can be sowed by 10 degree or more, density ten thousand plants of 6.3-8.5 per acre, sowed using submembrane drip irrigation technology
Corn after planting carries out trickle irrigation immediately and applies water, wherein the amount of dripping and time of dripping determine according to soil moisture content situation, dripping
Last 2 hours instill straw decomposition agent using fertilizer spreading tank；Corn growing season is carried out according to weather condition and corn growth situation
It pours water；It is applied when applying or drip when sowing can be used in seed manure using fertilizer spreading tank；And weeding is uniformly sprayed before pipe laying covering film
Agent, soil are closed, then timely covering film；Wherein 30 kilogram/hectare of straw decomposition agent dosage；The seed manure ingredient and dosage are
N-P2O5-K2O:10-5-10 kg/ha；The herbicide is Acetochlor+atrazine+2,4D butyl ester ternary built agent, difference
It is uniformly sprayed by 675 grams (a.i.)+216 grams of+855 grams (a.i.) (a.i.)；
(7) top dressing: water soluble fertilizer or liquid fertilizer are applied in all top dressings, are matched in each Different Stages in Growth Period ratio of corn
It applies, is applied using bypass type fertilizer spreading tank or Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator；
(8) field management: including draw seedling, to tiller, spray chemical control agent, Corn diseases and insect pests prevention and treatment, thinning after-culture, intertillage remove
Grass, ridging and irrigation and drainage；
(9) stem rot is prevented: corn growing season is poured water and is applied fertilizer according to weather condition and corn growth situation, in jade
Rice the middle and late growth stage corn pustulation period to milk stage, is administered stem rot fungicide by fertilizer spreading tank, and confluent is according to soil moisture in the soil
Feelings are determined, and apply stem rot fungicide in water supply last 1-2 hour, the ingredient and dosage of the fungicide are 25% metalaxyl
2 kg/ha of 2 kg/ha of wettable powder and 50% fludioxonil wettable powder；
(10) it harvests: when corn maturation, being harvested using corn picker, stalk is directly crushed to length no more than 5 lis
Rice, then uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields 75 kilogram/hectare of urea, then turns over 30 centimetres, crushing straw is ploughed under underground；
The irrigation norm of corn different growing stages is determined according to soil moisture content, guarantees rainfall in irrigation quantity and corn growth stage
Summation is measured between 450-500 millimeters；The each growth period amount of dripping of corn are as follows: 150 cubic metre/hectare -250 of sowing time
Cubic meter/hectare；- 400 cubic metres/hectares of 300 cubic metre/hectare of jointing stage；- 500 cubes of 400 cubic metre/hectare of boot stage
Rice/hectare；- 550 cubic metres/hectares of 450 cubic metre/hectare of pustulation period；- 300 cubic metres of 200 cubic metre/hectare of milk stage/public affairs
Hectare.
Further, the nutrient solution in the step (3) is by sucrose 30-35g/L, aspartic acid 5-9g/L and potassium hydroxide
50-60g/L composition.
Further, 120-130 centimetres of ridge bottom width that big ridge is closed in the step (4), 80-90 centimetres of ridge top width.
Further, base fertilizer ingredient and dosage are 40 cubic metre/hectare of organic fertilizer, N-P in the step (5)2O5-K2O:
30-60-30 kg/ha and S-Mg-Zn-B-Mn:40-8-20-8-8 kg/ha.
Further, in the step (6) submembrane drip irrigation technology sowing be utilized on big ridge slit 2 10-12 centimetres of row depths,
The seed furrow that 40 centimetres of line-spacing；It is sowed using no-tillage seeding machine, 3-4 centimetres of depth of planting, broadcasts rear earthing in time, suppress, spray
Herbicide, paving drip irrigation pipe, overlay film are once completed.
Further, the mulch selection transverse and longitudinal pulling force in the step (6) is by force, the transparency is good, can degrade, and meets semiarid
The mulch that regional corn growth needs, wide cut is between 110-120 centimetres, with a thickness of 0.006-0.010 millimeters.
Further, corn jointing stage top dressing N-P is pressed in top dressing respectively in the step (7)2O5-K2O:55-10-20 kilograms/
Hectare；Big bell mouth stage top dressing N-P2O5-K2O:95-15-30 kg/ha；Pustulation period top dressing N-P2O5-K2O:35-10-20 thousand
Gram/ha.
, beneficial effect
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the benefit that
(1) present invention is by solving returning total stalks into fields to influence second year corn to this season stalk whole decomposition
The problem of insemination and emergence rate, through the invention in method corn seed is handled after, emergence rate can be improved 5% or more, and
And do not influence second year straw-returning；
(2) in the prior art it is general by seed coat agent be coated prevention and treatment corn stalk rot disease control efficiency it is undesirable, this be by
It is determined in the generation period of corn stalk rot disease and the particularity of happening part, the control efficiency of coating agent is generally on 40% left side
The right side, and the method for the prevention and treatment corn stalk rot disease and test and demonstrate in Jilin Province Qianan County through the invention, to Maize Stem
Maize ear rot control efficiency is 70% or more；
(3) present invention passes through more than 10 years application attestations, is high-efficiency water-saving, volume increase, diseases prevention, a synergy using this technology
Sustainable technologies, corn water-saving 40% or more, corn stalk rot disease preventive effect improve 30% or more, and corn yield is by 500 kilograms of the past
Per hectare is increased to 800-1000 kilograms of per hectare；
(4) unfavorable factor caused by agricultural production that the present invention overcomes ecological environments changes traditional agriculture production model,
Specific yield is improved, realization is increased production and improved productivity, and is had and is reduced soil drifting, protection environment, improves crop drought resistance production rate-maintenance capability
Effect；And the demand of the growth rhythm and nutritional ingredient for corn, to the type of seeding of corn, topdressing method and field management
Method etc. optimizes, and significantly improves the yield of corn；
(5) present invention solves the problems, such as to sow difficult, more diseases of keeping a full stand of seedings, high yield hardly possible, stable yields hardly possible in arid biogeographic zone seeding corn, is
High-quality, the Efficient Cultivation of dry land corn realize that high yield, stable yields provide strong technical support.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below combined with specific embodiments below.
Embodiment 1
A kind of semiarid zone prevention and treatment corn stalk rot disease high-yield planting method, includes the following steps:
(1) selection of land and site preparation: under-film drip irrigation maize planting should select that topography is flat, soil fertility is higher, there is the company of well irrigation condition
Piece plot；Stubble-cleaning, site preparation can carry out after autumn harvest or before spring sowing, and stalk is crushed to 5 centimetres hereinafter, simultaneously when autumn harvests
Using the outstanding cultivated stubble-cleaning of machinery, stubble-cleaning is not less than 15 centimetres deeply, and broken stubble is long less than 5 centimetres；
(2) choose seeds: selection is suitble to the High planting corn variety by national or provincial authorization of local working condition, every public affairs
Just under 6.5 ten thousand plants or more of density, the corn variety of high yield non-lodging, and require seed purity high, and full grains, vitality
By force, germination percentage is high；
(3) seed treatment: the uncoated seed of purchase is spread out and is tedded in the sun 1-2 days, then, using plasma
Body processor processing, with 1.0A dosage processing 2-3 times；Then corn seed is immersed by sucrose 32g/L, aspartic acid after handling
Soak seed 15min in the nutrient solution of 7g/L and potassium hydroxide 55g/L composition；
(4) it beats ridge: playing conventional ridges with three plough river methods, 62 centimetres of row spacing；Again every one plough of furrow deep ploughing, plough point to ridge platform should reach
To 35 centimetres；And big ridge is closed using large-ridge double-row mode, and suppress in time, 125 centimetres of ridge bottom width for closing big ridge, 85 lis of ridge top width
Rice；
(5) apply fertilizer to the subsoil: when beating before corn seeding, to corn planting region apply by 40 cubic metre/hectare of organic fertilizer,
N-P2O5-K2The base fertilizer of O:30-60-30 kg/ha and S-Mg-Zn-B-Mn:40-8-20-8-8 kg/ha composition；
(6) sowing trickle irrigation applies water weeding and overlay film: regardless of moisture situation, the general time is in 10 days, 5 lis 27-May of April
Rice soil temperature is stablized can be sowed by 10 degree or more, and density per acre, is sowed beautiful at 7.2 ten thousand plants using submembrane drip irrigation technology
Rice, submembrane drip irrigation technology sowing are utilized in 11 centimetres deeply of 2 rows that slit on big ridge, 40 centimetres of line-spacing of seed furrow；It is broadcast using no-tillage
Planting with sowing machine, 3-4 centimetres of depth of planting, earthing, suppression, herbicide spraying, paving drip irrigation pipe, overlay film are once completed in time after broadcasting,
Trickle irrigation is after planting carried out immediately and applies water, wherein the amount of dripping and time of dripping determine according to soil moisture content situation, is dripping last 2
A hour instills the straw decomposition agent of 30 kilograms/hectare using fertilizer spreading tank；Corn growing season is according to weather condition and corn growth
Situation is poured water；It is applied when applying or drip when sowing can be used in seed manure using fertilizer spreading tank, the seed manure ingredient and dosage are
N-P2O5-K2O:10-5-10 kg/ha；The herbicide is Acetochlor+atrazine+2,4D butyl ester ternary built agent, difference
It is uniformly sprayed by 675 grams (a.i.)+216 grams of+855 grams (a.i.) (a.i.)；And the uniform herbicide spraying before pipe laying covering film,
Soil is closed, then timely covering film, and mulch selection transverse and longitudinal pulling force is strong, the transparency is good, can degrade, and meets semiarid zone corn
The mulch needed is grown, wide cut is at 115 centimetres, with a thickness of 0.008 millimeter；
(7) top dressing: water soluble fertilizer or liquid fertilizer are applied in all top dressings, are matched in each Different Stages in Growth Period ratio of corn
It applies, is applied using bypass type fertilizer spreading tank or Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator, press corn jointing stage top dressing N-P respectively2O5-K2O:55-10-20
Kg/ha；Big bell mouth stage top dressing N-P2O5-K2O:95-15-30 kg/ha；Pustulation period top dressing N-P2O5-K2O:35-
10-20 kg/ha；
(8) field management: including draw seedling, to tiller, spray chemical control agent, Corn diseases and insect pests prevention and treatment, thinning after-culture, intertillage remove
Grass, ridging and irrigation and drainage；
(9) stem rot is prevented: corn growing season is poured water and is applied fertilizer according to weather condition and corn growth situation, in jade
Rice the middle and late growth stage corn pustulation period to milk stage, is administered stem rot fungicide by fertilizer spreading tank, and confluent is according to soil moisture in the soil
Feelings are determined, and apply stem rot fungicide in water supply last 1-2 hour, the ingredient and dosage of the fungicide are 25% metalaxyl
2 kg/ha of 2 kg/ha of wettable powder and 50% fludioxonil wettable powder；
(10) it harvests: when corn maturation, being harvested using corn picker, stalk is directly crushed to length no more than 5 lis
Rice, then uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields 75 kilogram/hectare of urea, then turns over 30 centimetres, crushing straw is ploughed under underground.
It is worth noting that, determining the irrigation norm of corn different growing stages according to soil moisture content, guarantee irrigation quantity and jade
Rainfall summation is between 475 millimeters in rice breeding time；The each growth period amount of dripping of corn are as follows: 150 cubes of sowing time
- 250 cubic metres/hectares of rice/hectare；- 400 cubic metres/hectares of 300 cubic metre/hectare of jointing stage；400 cubic metres of boot stage/public affairs
Just -500 cubic metres/hectares；- 550 cubic metres/hectares of 450 cubic metre/hectare of pustulation period；200 cubic metre/hectare of milk stage-
300 cubic metres/hectare.
The present invention is by solving returning total stalks into fields to influence second year corn seeding to this season stalk whole decomposition
The problem of emergence rate, through the invention in method corn seed is handled after, emergence rate can be improved 6%, and not shadow
Ring second year straw-returning；And through the invention the method for the prevention and treatment corn stalk rot disease and in the test of Jilin Province Qianan County and
Demonstration, reaches 73% to corn stalk rot disease control efficiency；Corn yield is increased to 1000 kilograms often by 500 kilograms of per hectares of past
Hectare.The unfavorable factor caused by agricultural production that the present invention overcomes ecological environments changes traditional agriculture production model, improves
Specific yield, realization are increased production and improved productivity, and are had the function of reducing soil drifting, protection environment, are improved crop drought resistance production rate-maintenance capability；And
The demand of growth rhythm and nutritional ingredient for corn, to the type of seeding of corn, topdressing method and field management method etc.
It optimizes, significantly improves the yield of corn；It solves difficult, steady in keep a full stand of seedings difficult, more diseases, high yield of arid biogeographic zone seeding corn sowing
Difficult problem is produced, is high-quality, the Efficient Cultivation of dry land corn, realizes that high yield, stable yields provide strong technical support.
Embodiment 2
A kind of semiarid zone prevention and treatment corn stalk rot disease high-yield planting method, includes the following steps:
(1) selection of land and site preparation: under-film drip irrigation maize planting should select that topography is flat, soil fertility is higher, there is the company of well irrigation condition
Piece plot；Stubble-cleaning, site preparation can carry out after autumn harvest or before spring sowing, and stalk is crushed to 5 centimetres hereinafter, simultaneously when autumn harvests
Using the outstanding cultivated stubble-cleaning of machinery, stubble-cleaning is not less than 15 centimetres deeply, and broken stubble is long less than 5 centimetres；
(2) choose seeds: selection is suitble to the High planting corn variety by national or provincial authorization of local working condition, every public affairs
Just under 6.5 ten thousand plants or more of density, the corn variety of high yield non-lodging, and require seed purity high, and full grains, vitality
By force, germination percentage is high；
(3) seed treatment: the uncoated seed of purchase is spread out and is tedded in the sun 1-2 days, then, using plasma
Body processor processing, with 1.0A dosage processing 2-3 times；Then corn seed is immersed by sucrose 30g/L, aspartic acid after handling
Soak seed 20min in the nutrient solution of 5g/L and potassium hydroxide 50g/L composition；
(4) it beats ridge: playing conventional ridges with three plough river methods, 60 centimetres of row spacing；Again every one plough of furrow deep ploughing, plough point to ridge platform should reach
To 35 centimetres；And big ridge is closed using large-ridge double-row mode, and suppress in time, 120 centimetres of ridge bottom width for closing big ridge, 80 lis of ridge top width
Rice；
(5) apply fertilizer to the subsoil: when beating before corn seeding, to corn planting region apply by 40 cubic metre/hectare of organic fertilizer,
N-P2O5-K2The base fertilizer of O:30-60-30 kg/ha and S-Mg-Zn-B-Mn:40-8-20-8-8 kg/ha composition；
(6) sowing trickle irrigation applies water weeding and overlay film: regardless of moisture situation, the general time is in 10 days, 5 lis 27-May of April
Rice soil temperature is stablized can be sowed by 10 degree or more, and density per acre, is sowed beautiful at 6.3 ten thousand plants using submembrane drip irrigation technology
Rice, submembrane drip irrigation technology sowing are utilized in 10 centimetres deeply of 2 rows that slit on big ridge, 40 centimetres of line-spacing of seed furrow；It is broadcast using no-tillage
Planting with sowing machine, 3-4 centimetres of depth of planting, earthing, suppression, herbicide spraying, paving drip irrigation pipe, overlay film are once completed in time after broadcasting,
Trickle irrigation is after planting carried out immediately and applies water, wherein the amount of dripping and time of dripping determine according to soil moisture content situation, is dripping last 2
A hour instills the straw decomposition agent of 30 kilograms/hectare using fertilizer spreading tank；Corn growing season is according to weather condition and corn growth
Situation is poured water；It is applied when applying or drip when sowing can be used in seed manure using fertilizer spreading tank, the seed manure ingredient and dosage are
N-P2O5-K2O:10-5-10 kg/ha；The herbicide is Acetochlor+atrazine+2,4D butyl ester ternary built agent, difference
It is uniformly sprayed by 675 grams (a.i.)+216 grams of+855 grams (a.i.) (a.i.)；And the uniform herbicide spraying before pipe laying covering film,
Soil is closed, then timely covering film, and mulch selection transverse and longitudinal pulling force is strong, the transparency is good, can degrade, and meets semiarid zone corn
The mulch needed is grown, wide cut is between 110 centimetres, with a thickness of 0.006 millimeter；
(7) top dressing: water soluble fertilizer or liquid fertilizer are applied in all top dressings, are matched in each Different Stages in Growth Period ratio of corn
It applies, is applied using bypass type fertilizer spreading tank or Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator, press corn jointing stage top dressing N-P respectively2O5-K2O:55-10-20
Kg/ha；Big bell mouth stage top dressing N-P2O5-K2O:95-15-30 kg/ha；Pustulation period top dressing N-P2O5-K2O:35-
10-20 kg/ha；
(8) field management: including draw seedling, to tiller, spray chemical control agent, Corn diseases and insect pests prevention and treatment, thinning after-culture, intertillage remove
Grass, ridging and irrigation and drainage；
(9) stem rot is prevented: corn growing season is poured water and is applied fertilizer according to weather condition and corn growth situation, in jade
Rice the middle and late growth stage corn pustulation period to milk stage, is administered stem rot fungicide by fertilizer spreading tank, and confluent is according to soil moisture in the soil
Feelings are determined, and apply stem rot fungicide in water supply last 1-2 hour, the ingredient and dosage of the fungicide are 25% metalaxyl
2 kg/ha of 2 kg/ha of wettable powder and 50% fludioxonil wettable powder；
(10) it harvests: when corn maturation, being harvested using corn picker, stalk is directly crushed to length no more than 5 lis
Rice, then uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields 75 kilogram/hectare of urea, then turns over 30 centimetres, crushing straw is ploughed under underground.
It is worth noting that, determining the irrigation norm of corn different growing stages according to soil moisture content, guarantee irrigation quantity and jade
Rainfall summation is between 450 millimeters in rice breeding time；The each growth period amount of dripping of corn are as follows: 150 cubes of sowing time
- 250 cubic metres/hectares of rice/hectare；- 400 cubic metres/hectares of 300 cubic metre/hectare of jointing stage；400 cubic metres of boot stage/public affairs
Just -500 cubic metres/hectares；- 550 cubic metres/hectares of 450 cubic metre/hectare of pustulation period；200 cubic metre/hectare of milk stage-
300 cubic metres/hectare.
Embodiment 3
A kind of semiarid zone prevention and treatment corn stalk rot disease high-yield planting method, includes the following steps:
(1) selection of land and site preparation: under-film drip irrigation maize planting should select that topography is flat, soil fertility is higher, there is the company of well irrigation condition
Piece plot；Stubble-cleaning, site preparation can carry out after autumn harvest or before spring sowing, and stalk is crushed to 5 centimetres hereinafter, simultaneously when autumn harvests
Using the outstanding cultivated stubble-cleaning of machinery, stubble-cleaning is not less than 15 centimetres deeply, and broken stubble is long less than 5 centimetres；
(2) choose seeds: selection is suitble to the High planting corn variety by national or provincial authorization of local working condition, every public affairs
Just under 6.5 ten thousand plants or more of density, the corn variety of high yield non-lodging, and require seed purity high, and full grains, vitality
By force, germination percentage is high；
(3) seed treatment: the uncoated seed of purchase is spread out and is tedded in the sun 1-2 days, then, using plasma
Body processor processing, with 1.0A dosage processing 2-3 times；Then corn seed is immersed by sucrose 35g/L, aspartic acid after handling
Soak seed 10min in the nutrient solution of 9g/L and potassium hydroxide 60g/L composition；
(4) it beats ridge: playing conventional ridges with three plough river methods, 65 centimetres of row spacing；Again every one plough of furrow deep ploughing, plough point to ridge platform should reach
To 35 centimetres；And big ridge is closed using large-ridge double-row mode, and suppress in time, 130 centimetres of ridge bottom width for closing big ridge, 90 lis of ridge top width
Rice；
(5) apply fertilizer to the subsoil: when beating before corn seeding, to corn planting region apply by 40 cubic metre/hectare of organic fertilizer,
N-P2O5-K2The base fertilizer of O:30-60-30 kg/ha and S-Mg-Zn-B-Mn:40-8-20-8-8 kg/ha composition；
(6) sowing trickle irrigation applies water weeding and overlay film: regardless of moisture situation, the general time is in 10 days, 5 lis 27-May of April
Rice soil temperature is stablized can be sowed by 10 degree or more, and density per acre, is sowed beautiful at 8.5 ten thousand plants using submembrane drip irrigation technology
Rice, submembrane drip irrigation technology sowing are utilized in 12 centimetres deeply of 2 rows that slit on big ridge, 40 centimetres of line-spacing of seed furrow；It is broadcast using no-tillage
Planting with sowing machine, 3-4 centimetres of depth of planting, earthing, suppression, herbicide spraying, paving drip irrigation pipe, overlay film are once completed in time after broadcasting,
Trickle irrigation is after planting carried out immediately and applies water, wherein the amount of dripping and time of dripping determine according to soil moisture content situation, is dripping last 2
A hour instills the straw decomposition agent of 30 kilograms/hectare using fertilizer spreading tank；Corn growing season is according to weather condition and corn growth
Situation is poured water；It is applied when applying or drip when sowing can be used in seed manure using fertilizer spreading tank, the seed manure ingredient and dosage are
N-P2O5-K2O:10-5-10 kg/ha；The herbicide is Acetochlor+atrazine+2,4D butyl ester ternary built agent, difference
It is uniformly sprayed by 675 grams (a.i.)+216 grams of+855 grams (a.i.) (a.i.)；And the uniform herbicide spraying before pipe laying covering film,
Soil is closed, then timely covering film, and mulch selection transverse and longitudinal pulling force is strong, the transparency is good, can degrade, and meets semiarid zone corn
The mulch needed is grown, wide cut is between 120 centimetres, with a thickness of 0.010 millimeter；
(7) top dressing: water soluble fertilizer or liquid fertilizer are applied in all top dressings, are matched in each Different Stages in Growth Period ratio of corn
It applies, is applied using bypass type fertilizer spreading tank or Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator, press corn jointing stage top dressing N-P respectively2O5-K2O:55-10-20
Kg/ha；Big bell mouth stage top dressing N-P2O5-K2O:95-15-30 kg/ha；Pustulation period top dressing N-P2O5-K2O:35-
10-20 kg/ha；
(8) field management: including draw seedling, to tiller, spray chemical control agent, Corn diseases and insect pests prevention and treatment, thinning after-culture, intertillage remove
Grass, ridging and irrigation and drainage；
(9) stem rot is prevented: corn growing season is poured water and is applied fertilizer according to weather condition and corn growth situation, in jade
Rice the middle and late growth stage corn pustulation period to milk stage, is administered stem rot fungicide by fertilizer spreading tank, and confluent is according to soil moisture in the soil
Feelings are determined, and apply stem rot fungicide in water supply last 1-2 hour, the ingredient and dosage of the fungicide are 25% metalaxyl
2 kg/ha of 2 kg/ha of wettable powder and 50% fludioxonil wettable powder；
(10) it harvests: when corn maturation, being harvested using corn picker, stalk is directly crushed to length no more than 5 lis
Rice, then uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields 75 kilogram/hectare of urea, then turns over 30 centimetres, crushing straw is ploughed under underground.
It is worth noting that, determining the irrigation norm of corn different growing stages according to soil moisture content, guarantee irrigation quantity and jade
Rainfall summation is between 500 millimeters in rice breeding time；The each growth period amount of dripping of corn are as follows: 150 cubes of sowing time
- 250 cubic metres/hectares of rice/hectare；- 400 cubic metres/hectares of 300 cubic metre/hectare of jointing stage；400 cubic metres of boot stage/public affairs
Just -500 cubic metres/hectares；- 550 cubic metres/hectares of 450 cubic metre/hectare of pustulation period；200 cubic metre/hectare of milk stage-
300 cubic metres/hectare.
Schematically the present invention and embodiments thereof are described above, description is not limiting.So if
Those of ordinary skill in the art are inspired by it, without departing from the spirit of the invention, not inventively designs
Frame mode embodiment similar with the technical solution out, is within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of semiarid zone prevents and treats corn stalk rot disease high-yield planting method, which is characterized in that the implantation methods include such as
Lower step:
(1) selection of land and site preparation: under-film drip irrigation maize planting should select that topography is flat, soil fertility is higher, have well irrigation condition in flakes
Block；Stubble-cleaning, site preparation carry out after autumn harvest or before spring sowing, and stalk is crushed to 5 centimetres hereinafter, and using machine when autumn harvests
The outstanding cultivated stubble-cleaning of tool, stubble-cleaning are not less than 15 centimetres deeply, and broken stubble is long less than 5 centimetres；
(2) choose seeds: selection is suitble to existing by country or the High planting corn variety of provincial authorization, per hectare for local working condition
Under 6.5 ten thousand plants or more of density, the corn variety of high yield non-lodging, and require seed purity high, full grains, vitality is strong,
Germination percentage is high；
(3) seed treatment: the uncoated seed of purchase is spread out and is tedded in the sun 1-2 days, then, at using plasma
Reason machine processing, with 1.0A dosage processing 2-3 times；Then corn seed after processing is immersed into nutrient solution the 10-20min that soaks seed；
(4) it beats ridge: playing conventional ridges with three plough river methods, 60-65 centimetres of row spacing；Again every one plough of furrow deep ploughing, plough point to ridge platform should reach
To 35 centimetres；And big ridge is closed using large-ridge double-row mode, and suppress in time；
(5) it applies fertilizer to the subsoil: when beating ridge before corn seeding, applying base fertilizer to corn planting region；
(6) sowing trickle irrigation applies water weeding and overlay film: regardless of moisture situation, the general time is in 27-May 10 April, 5 centimetres of soil
Layer temperature, which is stablized, can be sowed by 10 degree or more, density ten thousand plants of 6.3-8.5 per acre, using submembrane drip irrigation technology sowing jade
Rice after planting carries out trickle irrigation immediately and applies water, wherein the amount of dripping and time of dripping determine according to soil moisture content situation, dripping most
2 hours afterwards instill straw decomposition agent using fertilizer spreading tank；Corn growing season is filled according to weather condition and corn growth situation
Water；It is applied when applying or drip when seed manure is using sowing using fertilizer spreading tank；And the uniform herbicide spraying before pipe laying covering film, soil
Earth is closed, then timely covering film；Wherein 30 kilogram/hectare of straw decomposition agent dosage；The seed manure ingredient and dosage are N-
P2O5-K2O:10-5-10 kg/ha；The herbicide is Acetochlor+atrazine+2, and 4D butyl ester ternary built agent is pressed respectively
675 grams (a.i.)+216 grams of+855 grams (a.i.) (a.i.) uniformly spray；
(7) top dressing: water soluble fertilizer or liquid fertilizer are applied in all top dressings, are matched in each Different Stages in Growth Period ratio of corn and are applied,
It is applied using bypass type fertilizer spreading tank or Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator；
(8) field management: including draw seedling, to tiller, spray chemical control agent, Corn diseases and insect pests prevention and treatment, thinning after-culture, tillage and weeding,
Ridging and irrigation and drainage；
(9) stem rot is prevented: corn growing season is poured water and is applied fertilizer according to weather condition and corn growth situation, raw in corn
Long middle and later periods corn pustulation period to milk stage, is administered stem rot fungicide by fertilizer spreading tank, confluent according to soil moisture content come
It is fixed, stem rot fungicide is applied in water supply last 1-2 hour, the ingredient and dosage of the fungicide are that 25% metalaxyl is wettable
2 kg/ha of 2 kg/ha of pulvis of property and 50% fludioxonil wettable powder；
(10) it harvests: when corn maturation, being harvested using corn picker, stalk is directly crushed to length no more than 5 centimetres, so
75 kilogram/hectare of urea is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields afterwards, then turns over 30 centimetres, and crushing straw is ploughed under into underground；
The irrigation norm of corn different growing stages is determined according to soil moisture content, guarantees that irrigation quantity and rainfall in corn growth stage are total
And between 450-500 millimeters；The each growth period amount of dripping of corn are as follows: -250 cubes of 150 cubic metre/hectare of sowing time
Rice/hectare；- 400 cubic metres/hectares of 300 cubic metre/hectare of jointing stage；- 500 cubic metres of 400 cubic metre/hectare of boot stage/public affairs
Hectare；- 550 cubic metres/hectares of 450 cubic metre/hectare of pustulation period；- 300 cubic metres/hectares of 200 cubic metre/hectare of milk stage；
Nutrient solution in the step (3) is made of sucrose 30-35g/L, aspartic acid 5-9g/L and potassium hydroxide 50-60g/L；
120-130 centimetres of ridge bottom width that big ridge is closed in the step (4), 80-90 centimetres of ridge top width；
Base fertilizer ingredient and dosage are 40 cubic metre/hectare of organic fertilizer, N-P in the step (5)2O5-K2O:30-60-30 kilograms/
Hectare and S-Mg-Zn-B-Mn:40-8-20-8-8 kg/ha；
Submembrane drip irrigation technology sowing is utilized on big ridge slit 2 10-12 centimetres of row depths, 40 centimetres of line-spacing in the step (6)
Seed furrow；It is sowed using no-tillage seeding machine, 3-4 centimetres of depth of planting, timely earthing, suppression, herbicide spraying, paving trickle irrigation after broadcasting
Pipe, overlay film are once completed；
Mulch in the step (6) selects that transverse and longitudinal pulling force is strong, the transparency is good, can degrade, and meets semiarid zone corn growth
The mulch needed, wide cut is between 110-120 centimetres, with a thickness of 0.006-0.010 millimeters；
Corn jointing stage top dressing N-P is pressed in top dressing respectively in the step (7)2O5-K2O:55-10-20 kg/ha；Typhon mouth
Phase top dressing N-P2O5-K2O:95-15-30 kg/ha；Pustulation period top dressing N-P2O5-K2O:35-10-20 kg/ha.
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| CN105917930B (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2018-12-25 | 淮安市农业技术推广中心 | Full-seedling strong-plant cultivation method for corn |
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| CN107691144A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-02-16 | 广西沙田仙人滩农业投资有限公司 | A kind of corn planting method |
| CN109691365A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-04-30 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of no-tillage moisturizing type of seeding under the full dose coverage condition based on stalk |
| CN112825744A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-05-25 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Efficient cultivation method for corn in semiarid region |
| CN112997823A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-22 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Cold and cool region rice planting method based on straw total returning condition |
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