CN106134700A - A kind of Semen Maydis view of water cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of Semen Maydis view of water cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106134700A CN106134700A CN201610473331.6A CN201610473331A CN106134700A CN 106134700 A CN106134700 A CN 106134700A CN 201610473331 A CN201610473331 A CN 201610473331A CN 106134700 A CN106134700 A CN 106134700A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Semen Maydis view of water cultural method, comprise the following steps: (1) treatment in accordance with local conditions selects breeding；(2) seed treatment；(3) ridge is beaten；(4) carry out after having laid drip irrigation pipe ploughing wholely；(5) plough deeply, with soil water-retention；(6) covering film sowing, optimum period interplants, makes full use of natural precipitation；(7), after executing substrate fertilizer, under-film drip irrigation mode is used to irrigate repeatedly and topdress repeatedly during corn growth；(8) rational close planting, water for economy；(9) enhance field management, strengthen drought-resistant ability: (10) gather in the crops.The present invention is directed to the specific growth cycle of Semen Maydis and growth course has formulated view of water cultural method, overturn traditional pouring pattern, the cultural method using the present invention carries out cultivated maize, highly efficient and productive, water saving, joint can also be reached fertile and make full use of fertilizer efficiency so that corn crop growing way and the more excellent effect of quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivating method of crop, specifically a kind of Semen Maydis view of water cultural method.
Background technology
Shortage of water resources has become restriction China agricultural and the key factor of national economy sustainable development." 95 " with
Coming, agricultural water conservation has obtained very fast development.But compared with the situation of whole nation shortage of water resources, the development speed of agricultural water conservation and rule
Mould remains delayed.It is reported, nineteen ninety-five Lower Reaches of The Yellow River stops, and iirigation water source is not enough, makes the northeast province spring maize underproduction 2,700,000
Ton；The arid of 1997 causes again a large amount of losses of the spring maize of West of The Northeast China semiarid zone, causes Chinese scholars
Shock.For ensureing the supply of grain and other agricultural product, it is necessary to increase irrigated area, it is ensured that grain security, make agricultural, animal husbandry
Sustainable development.Therefore, in agricultural production, how to carry out Crop Water-saving Technology cultivation, improve WUEL, make limited water
Resource plays maximum economic benefit, is a most in the urgent need to address significant problem.
Semen Maydis is the second largest crop of China, is also the Important Forage of mankind's meat, eggs and milk production, feed resource, per capita jade
The quantity of rice is considered one of important symbol weighing a country or a regional animal husbandry development and living standards of the people.I
Guo Shi populous nation, Semen Maydis also serve as most effective, the most flexibly regulation kind also bear and ensure the important of national food security
Mission.Semen Maydis usually uses tradition flood irrigation to carry out supplement irrigation in semiarid zone, and efficiency of water application is low, causes in level of ground water
Rise, Pedotransfer function.Therefore, seek water-saving cultivation method rationally and effectively, be to solve China's arid, semiarid zone jade
The key technology that rice produces.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Semen Maydis view of water cultural method, to solve above-mentioned background technology proposes
Problem.
For achieving the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of Semen Maydis view of water cultural method, comprises the following steps:
(1) treatment in accordance with local conditions selects breeding；
(2) seed treatment: the seed being uncoated bought is spread out and teds in the sun 1-2 days, then, use plasma
Body datatron processes, and processes 2-3 time with 1.0A dosage；Then corn seed after process immerses the 10-20 that soaks seed in nutritional solution divide
Clock；
(3) ridge is beaten: play conventional ridge, row spacing 60-65 centimetre by three plough river methods；Again every furrow deep ploughing one plough, plough point is to ridge platform
Reach 35 centimetres；And use large-ridge double-row mode to close big ridge, and suppress in time；
(4) carry out after having laid drip irrigation pipe ploughing wholely；
(5) plough deeply, with soil water-retention: ploughing depth is in the range of the topsoil of 10～40 centimetres；
(6) covering film sowing, optimum period interplants, and makes full use of natural precipitation: interplanting corn time in general June the most at the end of May
Just carry out；
(7), after executing substrate fertilizer, under-film drip irrigation mode is used to irrigate repeatedly and topdress repeatedly during corn growth；
(8) rational close planting, water for economy: per hectare planting density is at 60000-65000 strain, high-yield field capping, low yield
Field removes the limit；
(9) enhance field management, enhancing drought-resistant ability:
(a) early thinning final singling, Seedling during 3～4 leaves, see leaf final singling for 4～6；
(b) intertillage promote root, intertillage typically should carry out 2～4 times, loosen the soil with weeding, ventilate rush root, retain and conserve soil moisture；
C () rich water quality management, enriches phosphorus, potash fertilizer can promote Maize Roots, improve drought-resistant maize ability, split application,
The plot nitrogenous fertilizer that fertility is high makees seed manure with 3: 5: 2 ratios, whole fertilizers and phosphorus potash fertilizer and 30% nitrogenous fertilizer, and 50% nitrogenous fertilizer is used as fringe
Fertilizer, 20% nitrogenous fertilizer is used as granulated fertilizer；Middle fertility plot nitrogenous fertilizer is used with 3: 6: 1 ratios, whole fertilizers and phosphorus potash fertilizer and 30% nitrogenous fertilizer
Seedling stage, 60% nitrogenous fertilizer is used for the fringe phase, and 10% nitrogenous fertilizer is used for the grain phase, and fertilizer wants deep placement to bury 10 centimetres；
D () is that overlay film covers grass, spring maize overlay film Meteorological effect, milpa covers wheat bran and the wheat stalks of rice, wheat, etc., and per hectare covers the wheat stalks of rice, wheat, etc.
4500 kilograms, 0～20 centimetre of soil moisture content increases 6-10%；
(e) pest control, seedling stage keypoint control armyworm, cutworm and thrips, typhon mouth phase preventing and treating Pyrausta nubilalis (Hubern)., the later stage prevents
Eliminate aphis；
(10) results: when Semen Maydis maturation, use corn picker results, and straw is directly crushed to length and is not more than 5 lis
Rice, the most uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields carbamide 75 kilogram/hectare, then turns over 30 centimetres, crushing straw is ploughed under underground.
As the further scheme of the present invention: the nutritional solution in step (2) is by sucrose 20-40g/L, aspartic acid 6-10g/
L and potassium hydroxide 40-80g/L composition.
As the present invention further scheme: the nutritional solution in step (2) by sucrose 30g/L, aspartic acid 8g/L and
Potassium hydroxide 60g/L forms.
As the present invention further scheme: step (3) is closed ridge bottom width 110-140 centimetre on big ridge, ridge top width 75-
100 centimetres.
As the present invention further scheme: described in step (6), the degree of depth of sowing is 5 centimetres.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: for the specific growth cycle of Semen Maydis and growth course
Formulate view of water cultural method, overturned traditional pouring pattern, use the cultural method of the present invention to carry out cultivated maize,
Highly efficient and productive, water saving, moreover it is possible to reach joint fertile and make full use of fertilizer efficiency so that corn crop growing way and the more excellent merit of quality
Effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described,
Obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under not making creative work premise, all
Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
In the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of Semen Maydis view of water cultural method, comprise the following steps:
(1) treatment in accordance with local conditions selects breeding: select drought resisting and the good kind of high yield characteristic, is to improve having of corn on dry land yield
The kinds such as effect measure is favorable to the people 33, agriculture China 101, the beautifulst 335, Zheng Dan 958 have a feature of drought resisting high yield, well developed root system, growth be fast,
Bury deep；Stem and leaf fine hair is many, and stomatal aperture is little, rising few, and when water deficit, photosynthesis declines few；Rate of photosynthisis is high, filling
Slurry speed is fast, grouting time length, economic coefficient are high, thus yield is high；
(2) seed treatment: the seed being uncoated bought is spread out and teds in the sun 1-2 days, then, use plasma
Body datatron processes, and processes 2-3 time with 1.0A dosage；Then after processing, corn seed immerses the 10-that soaks seed in nutritional solution
20min, nutritional solution is made up of sucrose 20-40g/L, aspartic acid 6-10g/L and potassium hydroxide 40-80g/L；
(3) ridge is beaten: play conventional ridge, row spacing 60-65 centimetre by three plough river methods；Again every furrow deep ploughing one plough, plough point is to ridge platform
35 centimetres should be reached；And use large-ridge double-row mode to close big ridge, close ridge bottom width 110-140 centimetre on big ridge, ridge top width 75-100
Centimetre, and suppress in time；
(4) carry out after having laid drip irrigation pipe ploughing wholely；
(5) plough deeply, with soil water-retention: ploughing deeply autumn with soil water-retention is to solve corn on dry land to need the important channel of water
One of, in the range of the topsoil of 10～40 centimetres, yield gradually steps up with the increase of ploughing depth, to plough 40 centimetres of yield
The highest, than the volume increase about 20% of tilling depth 20 centimetres；Want to make corn on dry land increase production, it is necessary to before kind of wheat, add deep plough level year by year,
Increase soil water storage water holding capacity, maximally utilise limited water source, improve corn yield；
(6) covering film sowing: optimum period interplants, and makes full use of natural precipitation, utilizes the feature that Maize at Seedling Stage is more drought-enduring, real
Row cornfield interplanting, the law of needing the water making Semen Maydis is the most identical with natural precipitation, can substantially meet corn growth to moisture
Demand；The degree of depth of sowing is 5 centimetres, and the interplanting corn time, general the most at the end of May at the beginning of 6 months (i.e. before wheat harvest 7～15 days) was carried out, at this moment
General time the most once rainfall, is beneficial to emerge, but the most often meets arid after emerging, and corn seedling is affected by this phase arid
Not quite, because at this moment Estimating Leaf Area In Maize is little, need water few, take exercise through drought resisting in short-term, moreover it is possible to play the effect of restraining the growth of seedlings, promote that root system is raw
Long, strengthen absorption function, improve anti-disaster ability；Flood season in July is interim, and Semen Maydis has been enter into the typhon mouth phase, nourish and grow with
Reproductive growth is gone forward side by side, and is the period needing water most, and at this moment rainfall is many, meets the needs of Semen Maydis；Meanwhile, interplanting corn is both avoided
" bud flood ", extends again period of duration, can give full play to the yield potential of Mid-late ripening big fringe corn variety, it is thus achieved that high yield；
(7), after executing substrate fertilizer, under-film drip irrigation mode is used to irrigate repeatedly and topdress repeatedly during corn growth；
(8) rational close planting, water for economy: the most active factor of corn on dry land yield forming three factor is unit are fringe
Number, next to that grain number per spike, and unit are spike number number relevant with planting density, generally, increase planting density is just
Equal to adding unit are spike number.The one of the main reasons that drought-hit area corn yield is the highest is exactly that density is the dilutest.Therefore, suitably increase
Add planting density, set up rational group structure, coordinate spike number, relation between grain number and mass of 1000 kernel, be to realize the nonirrigated farmland summer
The important step of corn with high yield.Per hectare planting density can suitably increase in 60000-65000 strain, high-yield field.Fertilely the closeest, thin
Ground is the dilutest；Early-maturing variety is the closeest, and late variety is the dilutest；High-yield field capping, low-yield land removes the limit；
(9) enhance field management, strengthen drought-resistant ability: one is Seedling during early thinning final singling, 3～4 leaves, 4～6 visible leaves
Final singling, it is to avoid young plant is crowded, strives fertilizer and wins honour for water；Two is that intertillage promotees root, and intertillage typically should be carried out 2～4 times, loosen the soil with weeding,
Ventilation promotees root, retains and conserve soil moisture；Three is rich water quality management, enriches phosphorus, potash fertilizer can promote Maize Roots, improves drought-resistant maize energy
Power, will change " one bombards " fertilising for split application, the high plot nitrogenous fertilizer of fertility preferably 3: 5: 2 ratios, i.e. all fertilizers and
Phosphorus potash fertilizer and 30% nitrogenous fertilizer make seed manure, and 50% nitrogenous fertilizer is used as ear manuer, and 20% nitrogenous fertilizer is used as granulated fertilizer；Middle fertility plot nitrogenous fertilizer is with 3: 6:
Preferably, i.e. all fertilizer and phosphorus potash fertilizer and 30% nitrogenous fertilizer are for seedling stage, and 60% nitrogenous fertilizer is used for the fringe phase, and 10% nitrogenous fertilizer is used for 1 ratio
In the grain phase.Fertilizer wants deep placement to bury 10 centimetres, to improve utilization rate of fertilizer.It is poor that mountain area water waters condition, actively build water conservancy projects, greatly
Do irrigation and water conservancy projects, improve working condition, make great efforts to bring more land under irrigation, strengthen anti-disaster ability；Four is that overlay film covers grass.Spring
Maize film-covered energy Meteorological effect, summer corn acts primarily as soil moisture conservation effect, and milpa covers wheat bran and the wheat stalks of rice, wheat, etc., it is possible to reduce ground moisture
Evaporation, alleviates surface runoff, increases soil moisture, improves soil physical and chemical property.Per hectare covers the wheat stalks of rice, wheat, etc. 4500 kilograms, 0～20
Centimetre soil moisture content can increase about 8%, to this season corn yield increasing about 16%, to crop yield of lower season about 18%；Five
Pest control, seedling stage keypoint control armyworm, cutworm and thrips etc., typhon mouth phase preventing and treating Pyrausta nubilalis (Hubern)., the later stage is anti-to eliminate aphis.
(10) results: when Semen Maydis maturation, use corn picker results, and straw is directly crushed to length and is not more than 5 lis
Rice, the most uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields carbamide 75 kilogram/hectare, then turns over 30 centimetres, crushing straw is ploughed under underground.
The present invention is directed to the specific growth cycle of Semen Maydis and growth course has formulated view of water cultural method, overturn
Traditional pouring pattern, uses the cultural method of the present invention to carry out cultivated maize, highly efficient and productive, water saving, moreover it is possible to reach joint fertile with
And make full use of fertilizer efficiency so that corn crop growing way and the more excellent effect of quality.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, Er Qie
In the case of the spirit or essential attributes of the present invention, it is possible to realize the present invention in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, all should regard embodiment as exemplary, and be nonrestrictive, the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Profit requires rather than described above limits, it is intended that all by fall in the implication of equivalency and scope of claim
Change is included in the present invention.
Although moreover, it will be appreciated that this specification is been described by according to embodiment, but the most each embodiment only wraps
Containing an independent technical scheme, this narrating mode of description is only that for clarity sake those skilled in the art should
Description can also be formed those skilled in the art through appropriately combined as an entirety, the technical scheme in each embodiment
May be appreciated other embodiments.
Claims (5)
1. a Semen Maydis view of water cultural method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) treatment in accordance with local conditions selects breeding；
(2) seed treatment: the seed being uncoated bought is spread out and teds in the sun 1-2 days, then, at using plasma
Reason machine processes, and processes 2-3 time with 1.0A dosage；Then after processing, corn seed immerses in nutritional solution and soaks seed 10-20 minute；
(3) ridge is beaten: play conventional ridge, row spacing 60-65 centimetre by three plough river methods；Again every furrow deep ploughing one plough, plough point arrives to ridge Delta
35 centimetres；And use large-ridge double-row mode to close big ridge, and suppress in time；
(4) carry out after having laid drip irrigation pipe ploughing wholely；
(5) plough deeply, with soil water-retention: ploughing depth is in the range of the topsoil of 10～40 centimetres；
(6) covering film sowing, optimum period interplants, makes full use of natural precipitation: the interplanting corn time typically enters at the beginning of 6 months at the end of May
OK；
(7), after executing substrate fertilizer, under-film drip irrigation mode is used to irrigate repeatedly and topdress repeatedly during corn growth；
(8) rational close planting, water for economy: per hectare planting density is at 60000-65000 strain, high-yield field capping, and low-yield land takes
Lower limit；
(9) enhance field management, enhancing drought-resistant ability:
(a) early thinning final singling, Seedling during 3～4 leaves, see leaf final singling for 4～6；
(b) intertillage promote root, intertillage typically should carry out 2～4 times, loosen the soil with weeding, ventilate rush root, retain and conserve soil moisture；
C () rich water quality management, enriches phosphorus, potash fertilizer can promote Maize Roots, improve drought-resistant maize ability, split application, fertility
High plot nitrogenous fertilizer makees seed manure with 3: 5: 2 ratios, whole fertilizers and phosphorus potash fertilizer and 30% nitrogenous fertilizer, and 50% nitrogenous fertilizer is used as ear manuer,
20% nitrogenous fertilizer is used as granulated fertilizer；Middle fertility plot nitrogenous fertilizer is used for Seedling with 3: 6: 1 ratios, whole fertilizers and phosphorus potash fertilizer and 30% nitrogenous fertilizer
Phase, 60% nitrogenous fertilizer is used for the fringe phase, and 10% nitrogenous fertilizer is used for the grain phase, and fertilizer wants deep placement to bury 10 centimetres；
D () is that overlay film covers grass, spring maize overlay film Meteorological effect, milpa covers wheat bran and the wheat stalks of rice, wheat, etc., and per hectare covers the wheat stalks of rice, wheat, etc. 4500
Kilogram, 0～20 centimetre of soil moisture content increases 6-10%；
(e) pest control, seedling stage keypoint control armyworm, cutworm and thrips, typhon mouth phase preventing and treating Pyrausta nubilalis (Hubern)., later stage preventing and treating aphid
Worm；
(10) results: when Semen Maydis maturation, use corn picker results, and straw is directly crushed to length and is not more than 5 centimetres, so
The most uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields carbamide 75 kilogram/hectare, then turn over 30 centimetres, crushing straw is ploughed under underground.
Semen Maydis view of water cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the nutritional solution in step (2) by
Sucrose 20-40g/L, aspartic acid 6-10g/L and potassium hydroxide 40-80g/L composition.
Semen Maydis view of water cultural method the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the nutritional solution in step (2) by
Sucrose 30g/L, aspartic acid 8g/L and potassium hydroxide 60g/L composition.
Semen Maydis view of water cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that close the ridge on big ridge in step (3)
Bottom width 110-140 centimetre, ridge top width 75-100 centimetre.
Semen Maydis view of water cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that sowing described in step (6)
The degree of depth is 5 centimetres.
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Cited By (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106688590A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-05-24 | 山西大学 | Anti-drought and water-retention maize yield-increasing planting method |
| CN107295881A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-10-27 | 苏州蓝碧农产品发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of high-yield corn |
| CN108243870A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-07-06 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of Oasis irrigation district trickle irrigation maize culture new technology |
| CN108541530A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-09-18 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method based on the special root institutional framework of gramineous crop |
| CN109006271A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-18 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | A kind of method that spring maize suitable rain evening broadcasts high-yield cultivating |
| CN109089792A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2018-12-28 | 山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所 | Water-saving cultivation method for dry farming of corn |
| CN109717027A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-05-07 | 黑龙江省畜牧研究所 | A kind of corn planting method that low-temperature resistance damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106688590A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-05-24 | 山西大学 | Anti-drought and water-retention maize yield-increasing planting method |
| CN107295881A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-10-27 | 苏州蓝碧农产品发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of high-yield corn |
| CN108243870A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-07-06 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of Oasis irrigation district trickle irrigation maize culture new technology |
| CN108541530A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-09-18 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method based on the special root institutional framework of gramineous crop |
| CN108541530B (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2020-07-10 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Fertilizing method based on special root tissue structure of gramineous crops |
| CN109006271A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-18 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | A kind of method that spring maize suitable rain evening broadcasts high-yield cultivating |
| CN109089792A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2018-12-28 | 山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所 | Water-saving cultivation method for dry farming of corn |
| CN109717027A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-05-07 | 黑龙江省畜牧研究所 | A kind of corn planting method that low-temperature resistance damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature |
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Application publication date: 20161123 |