CN105052470A - A planting method of selenium-enriched purple jade yam - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for planting selenium-rich purple yam, comprising the following steps: site selection, land preparation and fertilization, seed selection and treatment, planting, water conservation and sunshade treatment, field management, pest control, harvesting, etc. The present invention has the following beneficial effects: the yam seed segments are treated so that the seed segments will not rot after planting, and germination is promoted, the germination rate is increased, and the length of each seed segment is shortened, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the amount of yam used during planting, ensuring the germination rate, increasing the planting amount per mu, and then increasing the yield, etc. Selecting selenium-rich land for planting, and applying selenium-containing fertilizers each time for topdressing in fertility management, ensures that sufficient selenium is available for absorption and utilization during the entire process of yam growth, and the purple yam produced is rich in selenium.

Description

A planting method of selenium-enriched purple jade yam

【Technical field】

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and in particular relates to a planting method of selenium-enriched purple jade yam.

【Background technique】

Selenium is an indispensable element for the human body. The selenium in the human body is mainly obtained from the daily diet. Therefore, the content of selenium in food directly affects people's daily selenium intake. my country is a selenium-deficient country. There are 22 provinces and regions lacking selenium, and 72% of the population lives in selenium-deficient areas, which require scientific supplementation of selenium. Guangxi is a large selenium-rich province and a large agricultural province. It is uniquely endowed with the development of selenium-rich agricultural products. According to the survey and measurement of the four regions of Nanning, Qinzhou, Beihai, and Guigang by the Guangxi Geology and Mining Department, the area of selenium-rich soil is 31.81 million mu, which is currently the largest contiguous selenium-rich soil area delineated nationwide.

Ziyu yam, also known as purple yam, also known as "purple ginseng", contains a lot of protein, polysaccharides, starch and other nutrients. It has the effects of nourishing the lungs and kidneys, strengthening the spleen and stopping diarrhea, and is delicious. It is a food supplement that people love one. It is one of the effective ways to solve the problem of selenium deficiency in the human body by developing and eating selenium-enriched purple jade and yam products. And purple jade yam contains a large amount of purple anthocyanins, the content is 60 times that of white yam, which is beneficial to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and has the effect of anti-oxidation and beauty. Regular consumption of selenium-enriched purple jade yam can not only increase the body's resistance, lower blood pressure, blood sugar, anti-aging and prolong life, but also benefit the spleen, lungs, kidneys, etc., and is known as the "king of vegetables".

The existing selenium-enriched purple jade yam planting has begun to adopt a large number of directional cultivation techniques in shallow troughs, which solves the problem of low yield, curved and bifurcated tubers, uneven tuber sizes, poor appearance, and labor-intensive harvesting in traditional planting techniques. Large size, difficulty in digging, and yam cubes are easy to break and other problems. Moreover, in the existing planting technology, the seed segment is generally 10-15 cm, and a large amount of seed yam is required for planting; because there are cuts at both ends of the seed segment, it is easy to rot after planting, and the germination rate cannot be guaranteed.

【Content of invention】

The purpose of the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the existing selenium-enriched purple jade yam planting technology, and to provide a planting method for selenium-enriched purple jade yam. The seed segments of the yam are treated so that the seed segments will not rot after planting and will not rot. Promote germination, increase the germination rate, and shorten the length of each segment, so as to reduce the amount of Chinese yam used in planting, ensure the germination rate, increase the planting amount per mu, and then increase the yield. The choice of selenium-rich land for planting, plus the application of selenium-containing fertilizers for each top dressing in the fertility management, ensures that there is sufficient selenium for absorption and utilization during the entire growth process of yams, and the produced purple yams are rich in selenium.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a planting method of selenium-enriched purple jade and Huaishan, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

A, land selection: the land is sampled to detect the selenium content, and the plot with the selenium content greater than 0.4mg/kg is selected as the planting land;

B. Soil preparation and fertile soil: Plow and level the land so that the width of each furrow is 1.4-1.7m, the distance between furrows is 0.5-0.6m, add organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, and then turn it into the soil to enhance the fertility of the land;

C. Seed selection and treatment: Propagate with the tubers of Ziyu Huaishan, choose the Ziyu Huaishan with no pests on the skin and cut it into a section of 7-9cm, and stain the cut with plant ash, or spray the rooting powder preparation solution, Or soak it in the rooting powder preparation solution, then take it out and plant it;

D. Planting: Plant during the period from Qingming to Grain Rain, and the distance between the seed section and the seed section is 25-30cm;

E. Water retention and sunshade treatment: cover the sunshade after planting to maintain soil moisture and prevent exposure to the sun, which is conducive to the rapid growth of Ziyu Huaishan;

F. Field management:

1) Weeding: After the rain, use 10 ml of 60% butachlor EC per mu and mix with 50 kg of water to spray for weeding;

2) Vertical support: 30 days after planting, most of the yam seedlings are exposed to the soil surface, and bamboo poles should be inserted in time to form a pair of herringbone frames, so that the yam vines can be naturally entangled to prevent the young vines from being exposed to the sun and dying on the ground; Insert one plant, and implant each seed segment into the soil. Only one bud is allowed to germinate to form one plant. If more than two plants appear, the weak plants should be eradicated in time;

3) Fertility management: After the yam seedlings are fully seeded, topdress fertilizer once every 15 to 20 days, and apply 3 to 4 times in a row. Each time, apply 40 kg to 60 kg of compound fertilizer per mu and 20 kg of selenium-containing fertilizer. Cover the soil to avoid the loss of fertilizer efficiency. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 0.7:0.5:1;

4) Water management: Drainage ditches should be opened in time in spring; in the hot and dry season of summer, watering should be carried out to prevent drought, and watering should be carried out to maintain a certain humidity on the surface of the ridge soil. When drought occurs, water should be poured every 10 days to maintain soil Humidity, reduce the field temperature; irrigation should be carried out in the evening, and drained immediately after filling within 2 hours to 3 hours;

G. Pest control:

1) Insect pest control: In the seedling and growth period, spray 1000 times liquid of 50% phoxim EC, 1000 times liquid of 80% dichlorvos, and 3000 times liquid of 2.5% Kung Fu on the plant surface and the ground to control Spodoptera litura, mole crickets, Cutworms; use bifenthrin 2.5% emulsifiable oil 3000 times to control spider mite and Spodoptera litura; when preventing and controlling, pay attention to early treatment and small ones, and use the drug at the age of 1 to 2 months. Spraying, in addition to uniform spraying on the plants, the ground near the rhizosphere of the plants should also be sprayed thoroughly;

2) Disease prevention and control: the first time the drug should be used after the yam seedlings are put on the shelves and before the onset of the disease. Before the onset and the early growth stage of the yam, use 700-800 times of 70% Antaisheng wettable powder, 600 times of 75% wettable powder, 80% mancozeb wettable powder 500 times liquid rotation spray;

H, harvesting: when harvesting, after the soil is turned over, the whole Chinese yam is taken out.

Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical scheme, the following beneficial effects can be obtained: the seed segment is treated so that it will not rot after planting, and germination is promoted, the germination rate is increased, and the length of each seed segment is shortened at the same time, so as to reduce the consumption of Chinese yam during planting , to ensure the germination rate, increase the planting amount per acre, and greatly increase the yield. The choice of selenium-rich land for planting, plus the application of selenium-containing fertilizers for each top dressing in the fertility management, ensures that there is sufficient selenium for absorption and utilization during the entire growth process of yams, and the produced purple yams are rich in selenium. At the same time, it solves the problems of bent and branched potatoes, uneven size of potato pieces, poor appearance, high labor intensity during harvesting, difficulty in digging, and easy breakage of potato pieces.

Further, the preferred solution in step B is that the amount of organic fertilizer is 300 kg/mu, and the amount of compound fertilizer is 100 kg/mu.

Further, the rooting powder preparation solution in step C is 0.0025-0.005% ABT rooting powder, and when soaking is selected, the soaking time is 2-5 minutes.

Further, the preferred sunshade in step E is rice straw or plastic film.

Further, the preferred solution in step H is that the specific time criterion for harvesting is that the stems and leaves of Chinese yam begin to turn yellow and die gradually, and when the tubers mature.

Further, the preferred way of harvesting is to carefully scrape off the soil next to the plants with a potato shovel to expose the tubers, dig out the tubers along the depth direction, and dig them up one by one in order.

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

【Detailed ways】

The following examples can help those skilled in the art to understand the present invention more comprehensively, but the present invention cannot be limited in any way.

Example 1

A, land selection: the land is sampled to detect the selenium content, and the plot with the selenium content greater than 0.4mg/kg is selected as the planting land;

B. Soil preparation: Plow and level the land to 1.4m wide, with a distance of 0.5m between furrows, add 300 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, 100 kg/mu of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, and then turn it into the soil;

C. Seed selection and treatment: Propagate with the tubers of Ziyu Huaishan, select the Ziyu Huaishan with no pests on the skin and cut it into a section of 7-9cm, and stain the incision with plant ash;

D. Planting: Plant during the period from Qingming to Grain Rain, and the distance between the seed section and the seed section is 25-30cm;

E. Water retention and sun shading treatment: After planting, cover with straw straw to maintain soil moisture and prevent exposure to the sun, which is conducive to the rapid growth of Ziyu Huaishan;

F. Field management:

1) Weeding: After the rain, use 10 ml of 60% butachlor EC per mu and mix with 50 kg of water to spray for weeding;

2) Vertical support: 30 days after planting, most of the yam seedlings are exposed to the soil surface, and bamboo poles should be inserted in time to form a pair of herringbone frames, so that the yam vines can be naturally entangled to prevent the young vines from being exposed to the sun and dying on the ground; Insert one plant, and implant each seed segment into the soil. Only one bud is allowed to germinate to form one plant. If more than two plants appear, the weak plants should be eradicated in time;

3) Fertility management: topdressing yam seedlings once every 15 days after the seedlings are ready, 3 to 4 times in a row, each time applying 40 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, 20 kg of selenium-containing fertilizer, and covering the soil after fertilization to avoid loss of fertilizer efficiency , the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 0.7:0.5:1;

4) Water management: Drainage ditches should be opened in time in spring; in the hot and dry season of summer, watering should be carried out to prevent drought, and watering should be carried out to maintain a certain humidity on the surface of the ridge soil. When drought occurs, water should be poured every 10 days to maintain soil Humidity, reduce the field temperature; irrigation should be carried out in the evening, and drained immediately after filling within 2 hours to 3 hours;

G. Pest control:

1) Insect pest control: In the seedling and growth period, spray 1000 times liquid of 50% phoxim EC, 1000 times liquid of 80% dichlorvos, and 3000 times liquid of 2.5% Kung Fu on the plant surface and the ground to control Spodoptera litura, mole crickets, Cutworms; use bifenthrin 2.5% emulsifiable oil 3000 times to control spider mite and Spodoptera litura; when preventing and controlling, pay attention to early treatment and small ones, and use the drug at the age of 1 to 2 months. Spraying, in addition to uniform spraying on the plants, the ground near the rhizosphere of the plants should also be sprayed thoroughly;

2) Disease prevention and control: the first time the drug should be used after the yam seedlings are put on the shelves and before the onset of the disease, before the onset of the disease and at the beginning of the growth of the yam

Periodically use 700-800 times of 70% Antaisheng wettable powder, 600 times of 75% wettable powder, and 500 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder to spray in rotation;

H. Harvesting: When harvesting, carefully scrape off the soil next to the plants with a potato shovel to expose the tubers, dig out the tubers along the depth direction, and dig them up one by one in order.

Example 2

A. Site selection: Sampling the land to detect the selenium content, and selecting the plots with a selenium content greater than 0.4mg/kg as the planting land.

B. Soil preparation: Plow and level the land to 1.7m wide, with a distance of 0.6m between furrows, add 300 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, 100 kg/mu of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, and then pour into the soil;

C. Seed selection and treatment: Propagate with the tubers of Ziyu Huaishan, select the Ziyu Huaishan with no pests on the skin and cut it into 7-9cm sections, spray 0.0025-0.005% ABT rooting powder preparation solution, or soak in 0.0025 ~0.005% ABT rooting powder preparation solution, then take it out and plant it;

D. Planting: Plant during the period from Qingming to Grain Rain, and the distance between the seed section and the seed section is 25-30cm;

E. Water retention and sunshade treatment: After planting, cover with film to maintain soil moisture and prevent exposure to the sun, which is conducive to the rapid growth of Ziyu Huaishan;

F. Field management:

1) Weeding: use 10 milliliters of 60% butachlor emulsifiable concentrate per mu after the rain, and spray 50 kilograms of water for weeding;

2) Vertical support: 30 days after planting, most of the yam seedlings are exposed to the soil surface. Bamboo poles should be inserted in time to form a pair of gables, so that the yam vines can be naturally entangled to prevent the young vines from being exposed to the sun and dying on the ground; Insert one plant, and implant each seed segment into the soil. Only one bud is allowed to germinate to form one plant. If more than two plants appear, the weak plants should be eradicated in time;

3) Fertility management: topdressing yam seedlings once every 20 days, 3 to 4 times in a row, applying 60 kg of compound fertilizer per mu and 20 kg of selenium-containing fertilizer each time. Cover the soil after fertilization to avoid loss of fertilizer efficiency , the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 0.7:0.5:1;

4) Water management: Drainage ditches should be opened in time in spring; in the hot and dry season of summer, watering should be carried out to prevent drought, and watering should be carried out to maintain a certain humidity on the surface of the ridge soil. When drought occurs, water should be poured every 10 days to maintain soil Humidity, reduce the field temperature; irrigation should be carried out in the evening, and drained immediately after filling within 2 hours to 3 hours;

G. Pest control:

1) Insect pest control: In the seedling and growth period, spray 1000 times liquid of 50% phoxim EC, 1000 times liquid of 80% dichlorvos, and 3000 times liquid of 2.5% Kung Fu on the plant surface and the ground to control Spodoptera litura, mole crickets, Cutworms; use bifenthrin 2.5% emulsifiable oil 3000 times to control spider mite and Spodoptera litura; when preventing and controlling, pay attention to early treatment and small ones, and use the drug at the age of 1 to 2 months. Spraying, in addition to uniform spraying on the plants, the ground near the rhizosphere of the plants should also be sprayed thoroughly;

2) Disease prevention and control: the first time the drug should be used after the yam seedlings are put on the shelves and before the onset of the disease, before the onset of the disease and at the beginning of the growth of the yam

Periodically use 700-800 times of 70% Antaisheng wettable powder, 600 times of 75% wettable powder, and 500 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder to spray in rotation;

H, harvesting: when harvesting, after the soil is turned over, the whole Chinese yam is taken out.

The above description is a detailed description of the preferred feasible embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not used to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications completed under the technical spirit suggested by the present invention shall belong to The scope of patents covered by the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. an implantation methods of rich selenium Qarnet Huai Shan, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:

A, selection of land: carry out sampling to soil and detect Se content, select Se content to be greater than the plot of 0.4mg/kg as plantation land used;

B, whole ground loam: turn over ground the wide 1.4 ~ 1.7m of the every furrow of smooth one-tenth, and furrow and furrow interval 0.5 ~ 0.6m, add fertilizer and composite fertilizer makes base fertilizer, then ploughs under in soil, strengthen land fertility;

C, seed selection and process: breed with the stem tuber of Qarnet Huai Shan, select epidermis to be cut into a section of 7-9cm without insect pest, more intact Qarnet Huai Shan, and be stained with ash in incision, or spray root-inducing powder preparation liquid, or be immersed in root-inducing powder preparation liquid, then take out and can plant;

D, plantation: plant during Clear and Bright to grain rains, planting section with the spacing distance of kind section is 25 ~ 30cm;

E, water conservation sun-shading: by covered with sunshade thing after having planted, to keep soil moisture and to prevent from tanning by the sun, be conducive to mountain, Qarnet Huaihe River fast growth;

F, field management:

1) weeding: every mu of use 60% butachlor ec 10 milliliters after rain, is watered 50 kilograms and sprays weedings;

2) staking: after sowing 30 days, mountain, most of Huaihe River seedling exposes native face, should insert lower bamboo pole in time, become duplicate rows man-like shelf, allow mountain, Huaihe River rattan naturally be wound around, and prevents tender rattan withered by shining on ground; When inserting bamboo pole, every strain inserts one, and every block kind section is implanted in soil, only permits 1 bud and sprouts formation 1 plant, if when there is more than 2 plant, weak plant should be rooted out in time;

3) fertility management: topdress 1 time for after the neat seedling of mountain, Huaihe River seedling every 15 days ~ 20 days, connects and executes 3 times ~ 4 times, at every turn every mu of sealing fertilizer 40 kilograms ~ 60 kilograms, containing fertile 20 kilograms of selenizing, will cover earth after fertilising, avoid fertilizer efficiency to lose, in composite fertilizer, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 0.7:0.5:1;

4) water management: spring will hold drain ditch successfully in time; Summer hot and dry weather season, carry out pouring water taking precautions against drought, pour water to keep ridge furrow upper soll layer to have certain humidity, when damage caused by a drought occurs, a water should be filled with every 10 days, keep soil moisture, reduce field temperature; Pour water and should carry out between the lights, drain immediately after filling in 2 hours ~ 3 hours;

G, the extermination of disease and insect pest:

1) pest control: in seedling and vegetative period, with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate l000 times liquid, 80% dichlorvos, 1000 times of liquid, 2.5% time, 3000 times of liquid at plant surface and ground spray, to prevent and treat prodenia litura, mole cricket, cutworm; With Biphenthrin 2.5% missible oil 3000 times of liquid control two spotted spider mite, prodenia litura; Will note during control controlling and early control little, in larva medication in the length of time in 1 ~ February, spray date is selected at dusk, low-gallonage spraying, and except plant being wanted even medicine, near plant rhizosphere, ground also will be sprayed;

2) disease control: first time medication will Huai Shan get rid of seedling added after, premorbid period, premorbid and Chinese yam early growth period 70% safe and sound raw wetting powder 700 ~ 800 times, 75% wetting powder, 600 times of liquid, 80% mancozeb wettable powder 500 times liquid rotation spraying;

H, to gather: when gathering, after soil is opened, whole piece Huai Shan is taken out.

2. mountain, rich selenium Qarnet Huaihe River according to claim 1 implantation methods, it is characterized in that, in step B, Rate of Organic Fertilizer is 300 kgs/acre, composite fertilizer 100 kgs/acre.

3. mountain, rich selenium Qarnet Huaihe River according to claim 1 implantation methods, is characterized in that, the preparation of root-inducing powder described in step C liquid is 0.0025 ~ 0.005%ABT root-inducing powder, and when selecting immersion treatment, soak time is 2 ~ 5min.

4. mountain, rich selenium Qarnet Huaihe River according to claim 1 implantation methods, it is characterized in that, the cover from sun covered in step e is rice straw or plastic film.

5. mountain, rich selenium Qarnet Huaihe River according to claim 1 implantation methods, is characterized in that, the concrete time criterion of gathering in step H is that mountain, Huaihe River cauline leaf starts jaundice and progressively withered, when stem tuber is ripe.

6. mountain, rich selenium Qarnet Huaihe River according to claim 5 implantation methods, is characterized in that, when gathering, first strikes off with the careful soil that plant is other of potato shovel, stem tuber is exposed, digs out along depth steering handle stem tuber, and in order one by one by having dug.