CN108541530B - Fertilizing method based on special root tissue structure of gramineous crops - Google Patents
Fertilizing method based on special root tissue structure of gramineous crops Download PDFInfo
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- CN108541530B CN108541530B CN201810327525.4A CN201810327525A CN108541530B CN 108541530 B CN108541530 B CN 108541530B CN 201810327525 A CN201810327525 A CN 201810327525A CN 108541530 B CN108541530 B CN 108541530B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/02—Agriculture; Fishing; Mining
Abstract
The invention relates to a fertilizing method based on a special root tissue structure of gramineous crops, which comprises the following steps: step (1), measuring the saturated water holding capacity of soil and the wilting coefficient of the soil, and recording the number of days of continuous drought; step (2), seeding gramineous crops; setting different drought conditions according to the continuous drought days N; step (4), determining the ratio of the root ventilating tissue area of the gramineous crops under different drought conditions; step (5), carrying out rehydration treatment on gramineous crops under different drought conditions; step (6), determining the fertilizer utilization rate of gramineous crops under different drought conditions; and (7) analyzing results. The invention can judge the absorption condition of fertilizer of gramineous crops according to the size of the root aeration tissue, and further provides reference for a gramineous crop planting strategy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fertilizing method, in particular to a fertilizing method based on a special root tissue structure of gramineous crops, and belongs to the field of planting.
Background
The root system of the plant is an important organ for the plant to directly absorb water, and has a vital function on the drought resistance of the plant. Under drought stress, plants typically allocate more resources to underground parts in order to obtain water deep in the soil, and maintain their basic functions through compensatory growth of roots, thereby enabling the plants to survive in stress environmental conditions. However, remodeling of root structure and function requires the plant to allocate more resources, resulting in increased consumption of plant growth and reproduction costs by the roots.
To reduce the consumption of resources by root tissue under stress conditions, plants may form ventilated tissue to reduce the consumption of their own resources. Root ventilation tissue is an air-filled structure formed in the root cortex of plants by cell death or increased intercellular space. Root aeration tissue was first discovered in the root tissue of wetland plants, primarily for the purpose of plant root adaptation to anaerobic conditions. Recent studies have found that under drought conditions, some gramineous crops promote the formation of root-ventilating tissues by inducing the production of ethylene, so as to reduce the consumption of plant roots on their own resources and promote the growth of fibrous roots, thereby improving the plant resistance to soil drought stress. Under the condition of drought stress, the ventilation tissues generated at the roots of the corn varieties can improve the utilization modes of nutrients and water at the roots. By utilizing the phenomenon, the relation between the fertilizer and the fertilization mode is further researched.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a fertilizing method based on a special root tissue structure of gramineous crops, which makes full use of the phenomenon that the root nutrient and water utilization efficiency of the aerated tissue generated at the roots of the gramineous crops under the drought condition is improved, and provides a more accurate fertilizing method for the gramineous crop production so as to improve the yield of the gramineous crops. The specific scheme of the invention is as follows:
a fertilizing method based on a special root tissue structure of gramineous crops comprises the following steps:
step (1), measuring the saturated water holding capacity of the soil and the wilting coefficient of the soil, and recording the number of days of continuous drought
Respectively measuring the saturated water capacity and the wilting coefficient of soil in a gramineous crop planting area, then performing a drought test, and recording the number N of continuous drought days experienced when the saturated water capacity of the soil is reduced to the wilting coefficient, wherein the number N of the continuous drought days is less than the number D of days in the vegetative growth period of the gramineous crop;
step (2), seeding gramineous crops;
setting different drought conditions according to the continuous drought days N;
after the gramineous crops emerge, setting a plurality of different drought conditions according to the continuous drought days N;
step (4), determining the root ventilating tissue area of the gramineous crops under different drought conditions;
respectively measuring the root ventilating tissue area of the gramineous crops under different drought conditions, wherein the ventilating tissue at the position 20-30cm away from the ground of the first round or the second round of coronary roots of the gramineous crops is taken to measure the root ventilating tissue area ratio of the gramineous crops;
step (5), carrying out rehydration treatment on the corns under different drought conditions
Carrying out rehydration treatment on the corns under different drought conditions, wherein the rehydration amount is the daily average value of the synchronous rainfall;
step (6), determining the fertilizer utilization rate of the corn under different drought conditions
Before the corn enters the reproductive growth period, sampling, respectively measuring the fertilizer utilization rate of the corn with different aeration tissue areas under different drought conditions, and recording the measured value;
step (7), result analysis
Establishing a linear regression relationship between the ratio of the area of the airway tissue in the step (4) and the measured value in the step (6): y = ax + b, wherein x is the aeration area tissue, y is the fertilizer utilization, and a is the coefficient;
when a is less than 0, the corn variety is not suitable for increasing the fertilizer utilization rate by utilizing the aeration tissue;
when a is greater than 0, it is said that the fertilizer utilization efficiency increases with the increase in the area of the root aeration tissue, and the moisture content of the soil can be appropriately reduced at an early stage in the water management, thereby increasing the formation of root aeration tissue.
Further, the gramineous crop is rice, wheat, gramineous pasture or other gramineous crops that produce aerated tissues under drought conditions.
Further, in step (3), 5 different drought conditions are set.
Further, in the step (2), sowing is carried out in the last 4 th of month, and the nitrogen fertilizer used in the planting period is common urea with the nitrogen content of 46%; the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate with 12 percent of P2O5 content; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride with K2O content of 60%.
Further, in the step (2), the amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer used in the planting period is 300kg/hm2, the amount of the phosphate fertilizer used in the planting period is 120kg/hm2, and the amount of the potash fertilizer used in the planting period is 75 kg/hm 2.
Further, in the step (2), the fertilization period and the method are as follows:
the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one time, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 3 times, 20 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer and is applied together with the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 40 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as a seedling fertilizer, and 40 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as a spike fertilizer.
Further, in the step (2), the planting density of the corn is 630000 strains/hm 2.
Further, in the step (4), the method for measuring the area of the airway tissue includes: observing the root aeration tissue structure of the gramineous crops by using a high power microscope, fixing the intercepted root segments in FAA stationary liquid, then performing gradient dehydration on alcohol, storing the alcohol in 70% alcohol, taking out the fixed root segments, cutting the root segments into slices by using a double-sided blade under a microscope, and observing and photographing under an optical microscope to obtain the aeration tissue area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, drought conditions are applied to the corn plants in the early stage or the corn plants are subjected to drought, the generated aeration tissues can promote the absorption of the corn roots to nutrients and water in the later growth process, the size of the aeration tissue area of the roots has an important influence on the yield and nutrient utilization rate of different corn varieties, so that the yield of the corn is influenced, and further, the absorption condition of corn fertilizers can be judged according to the size of the aeration tissue of the roots, so that a reference is further provided for a corn planting strategy, and a more accurate fertilizing technology is provided.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a linear plot of aeration tissue area and nitrogen fertilizer utilization.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of examples of the present invention, and not all examples. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In the fertilizing method of the embodiment, a yunnan Kunming corn planting area is selected, the variety of the planted corn is Yunrui 6, and the method of the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
step (1), measuring the saturated water holding capacity of the soil and the wilting coefficient of the soil, and recording the number of days of continuous drought
Firstly, the saturated water holding capacity of the soil and the wilting coefficient of the soil are respectively measured. The saturated water holding capacity (volume water content) of the soil in the area is 26.7%, and the wilting coefficient of the soil is 12.5%.
When observing the reduction from the saturated water holding capacity of the soil to the wilting coefficient by setting a drought test, the number of days of continuous drought is recorded to be 35 days (less than 63 days in the vegetative growth stage of the corn, and the growth period of the variety Yunrei 6 is shown in the following table 1).
TABLE 1 growth period of variety Yunrui 6
Step (2), sowing corn;
corn was sown according to local routine methods. I.e. sowing in late 4 months. Wherein the fertilizer used in the whole planting period comprises common urea for nitrogen fertilizer (the pure N content is 46%, the dosage is 300kg/hm 2), common calcium superphosphate for phosphate fertilizer (the P2O5 content is 12%, the dosage is 120kg/hm 2), and potassium chloride for potassium fertilizer (the K2O content is 60%, the dosage is 75 kg/hm 2).
The fertilization period and the method are as follows: the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one time, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 3 times, 20 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer and is applied together with the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 40 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as a seedling fertilizer, and 40 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as a spike fertilizer. The planting density of the corn is as follows: 630000 strain/hm 2.
Setting different drought conditions according to the continuous drought days N;
after the corn seedlings emerge, the drought days are continuously set for 33 days, and 5 drought degrees with different gradients are set, namely 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, 28 days and 35 days without water continuously.
Step (4), determining the area of the corn root ventilating tissues under different drought conditions;
the sizes of the areas of the corn root aeration tissues under the five drought conditions are respectively observed. The area ratios of five aeration tissues obtained by observation by taking the aeration tissue at the position 20-30cm away from the ground of the second round coronary root of the corn as a representative are 3.82%, 5.91%, 6.74%, 8.75% and 9.26% in sequence.
The method for measuring the area of the ventilating tissue comprises the following steps: the corn root aeration tissue structure was observed by using a high power microscope. Fixing the cut root segments in FAA stationary liquid for 24h, and storing in 70% alcohol after alcohol gradient dehydration. The fixed root segments were taken out, sliced (about 100 μm) with a double-sided blade under a 110-fold visual microscope, and photographed by observation under an optical microscope equipped with a liquid crystal display. Analysis of the root ventilation tissue by the Rootscan software can obtain the area ratio of the root ventilation tissue in the root section.
Step (5), carrying out rehydration treatment on the corns under different drought conditions
And (4) ending the drought condition, and carrying out rehydration treatment on the five corns under different treatments, wherein the rehydration amount is the daily average of the rainfall in the same period. The rehydration time is before the reproductive growth phase of the corn (i.e. 7 months and 1 day). The daily average precipitation of Kunming in about 50 years after the weather data is analyzed and obtained in the following table 2, wherein the daily average precipitation is 4 months, 25 months, 7 months and 1 day:
daily average precipitation of 25-7 months and 1 day of table 24 and month
To facilitate the simulated precipitation treatment, precipitation was performed on an average of 7 days to reduce the workload, as shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3 precipitation conditions every 7 days
Step (6), determining the fertilizer utilization rate of the corn under different drought conditions
The corn is harvested 1 day before 7 months, the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer (nitrogen fertilizer) is respectively measured under different drought conditions (different sizes of the area of the ventilated tissue), and the measured values are respectively 8.71%, 9.04%, 11.79%, 12.66% and 16.52% according to the measurement of a conventional method.
Step (7), result analysis
Establishing a linear regression relationship between the observed value in the step (4) and the measured value in the step (6): y = ax + b, as shown in fig. 1.
In fig. 1, a linear regression relationship between two values: y =0.621x-0.407, R2And =0.797, the result is credible.
a =0.621>0, which shows that the fertilizer utilization efficiency increases with the increase of the aeration tissue area, and the moisture content of the soil can be appropriately reduced at an early stage in the moisture management, and the formation of the root aeration tissue is increased, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the fertilizer utilization efficiency.
The method of the embodiment can be used for corn, and can also be used for other gramineous crops which generate ventilated tissues under drought conditions, such as rice, wheat, gramineous pasture and the like.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. A fertilizing method based on special root tissue structure of gramineous crops is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step (1), measuring the saturated water holding capacity of the soil and the wilting coefficient of the soil, and recording the number of days of continuous drought
Respectively measuring the saturated water capacity and the wilting coefficient of soil in a gramineous crop planting area, then performing a drought test, and recording the number N of continuous drought days experienced when the saturated water capacity of the soil is reduced to the wilting coefficient, wherein the number N of the continuous drought days is less than the number D of days in the vegetative growth period of the gramineous crop;
step (2), seeding gramineous crops;
the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in the planting period is 300kg/hm2The dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is 120kg/hm2The dosage of the potash fertilizer is 75 kg/hm2(ii) a The fertilization period and method are as follows:
the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one time, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 3 times, 20 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer and is applied together with the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 40 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as a seedling fertilizer, and 40 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as a spike fertilizer;
setting different drought conditions according to the continuous drought days N;
after the seedling emergence of the gramineous crops, setting 5 different drought gradients according to the continuous drought days N;
step (4), determining the root ventilating tissue area of the gramineous crops under different drought conditions;
respectively measuring the root ventilating tissue area of the gramineous crops under different drought conditions, wherein the ventilating tissue at the position 20-30cm away from the ground of the first round or the second round of coronary roots of the gramineous crops is taken to measure the root ventilating tissue area ratio of the gramineous crops; the method for measuring the area of the ventilating tissue comprises the following steps: observing the root aeration tissue structure of the gramineous crops by using a high power microscope, fixing the intercepted root segments in FAA fixing solution, then performing gradient dehydration on alcohol, storing the alcohol in 70% alcohol, taking out the fixed root segments, cutting the root segments into slices by using a double-sided blade under a microscope, and observing and photographing under an optical microscope to obtain the aeration tissue area;
step (5), carrying out rehydration treatment on gramineous crops under different drought conditions
Carrying out rehydration treatment on gramineous crops under different drought conditions, wherein the rehydration amount is the daily average of synchronous rainfall;
step (6), determining fertilizer utilization rate of gramineous crops under different drought conditions
Before the reproductive growth period, sampling, respectively measuring the fertilizer utilization rate of the gramineous crops under different drought conditions, and recording the measured values;
step (7), result analysis
Establishing a linear regression relationship between the root aeration tissue area ratio of the gramineous crops in the step (4) and the measured value in the step (6): y = ax + b, wherein x is the aeration area tissue, y is the fertilizer utilization, and a is the coefficient;
when a is less than 0, the gramineous crop variety is not suitable for increasing the fertilizer utilization rate by utilizing the aeration tissue;
when a is greater than 0, it is said that the fertilizer utilization efficiency increases with the increase in the area of the root aeration tissue, and the moisture content of the soil can be appropriately reduced at an early stage in the water management, thereby increasing the formation of root aeration tissue.
2. The method for fertilizing based on the special root tissue structure of gramineous crops as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the gramineous crops are rice, wheat, gramineous pasture or other gramineous crops which generate ventilated tissues under drought conditions.
3. The method for fertilizing based on the special root tissue structure of gramineous crops as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the gramineous crop is corn, in the step (2), sowing is carried out in the last 4 th month, and a nitrogen fertilizer used in the planting period is common urea with the nitrogen content of 46 percent; the phosphate fertilizer is P2O5Calcium superphosphate in an amount of 12%; the potash fertilizer is K2Potassium chloride with an O content of 60%.
4. The method for fertilizing based on the special root tissue structure of gramineous crops as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the planting density of the gramineous crops is 630000 plants/hm2。
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| CN106134700A (en) * | 2016-06-25 | 2016-11-23 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of Semen Maydis view of water cultural method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106134700A (en) * | 2016-06-25 | 2016-11-23 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of Semen Maydis view of water cultural method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 土壤水分胁迫对冬小麦氮素分配利用及产量的影响;石岩等;《核农学报》;19990228;第27-28页正文第1部分，第32页正文第3部分 * |
| 水分亏缺对玉米植株干物质累积、水分利用效率及生理指标的影响;石喜等;《干旱区研究》;20090531;第397-399页中正文第2部分 * |
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